CIHM  ICMH 

Microfiche  Collection  de 

Series  microfiches 

(IMonographs)  (monographies) 


» 


C«wedtonln«tihit>ferMi«lorlcaill(Baw»predurtiows/l^^ 


©1999 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes  /  Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best  original 

copy  available  (or  filming.  Features  of  this  copy  which 
may  be  bibliographically  unique,  which  may  alter  any  of 
the  images  in  the  reproduction,  or  which  may 
significantly  change  the  usual  method  of  filming  are 
checiced  below. 


Coloured  covers  / 
Couverture  de  couleur 


Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommag^e 

□ Covers  restored  and/or  laminated  / 
Couverture  restaur^e  et/ou  pelliculde 

I  Cover  title  missing  /  Le  tilre  de  couverture  manque 


Coloured  maps  /  Cartes  gtegraphtques  en  couleur 

□ Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)  /* 
Encre  de  couleur  (l.e.  auir«  qu*       ou  noire) 

□ Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations  / 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

□ Bound  with  other  material/ 
ReM  avee  d'autres  docwnents 

□ Only  edition  available  / 
Seule  Mition  disponible 

□ Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion  ateng 
interior  margin  /  La  reliure  serr^e  peut  causer  de 
I'ombre  ou  de  la  distorston  le  long  de  la  marge 
int6rieure. 

□ Blank  leaves  added  during  restorations  may  appear 
within  the  text.  Whenever  possWe.  these  have  been 
omitted  from  filming  /  II  se  peut  que  cerlaines  pages 
blanches  ajout^es  tors  d'une  restauration 
apparaissent  dans  le  texte,  mais.  lorsque  ceia  <tait 
possible,  ces  pages  n'wit  pas  M  film4es. 

□ Addittonal  comments/ 
Commentaircs  suppMmenlaires: 


This  i!tm  {«  filmed  it  the  reduction  ntie  cheeked  belew  / 

Ca  decwmntatl  <ilm<  au  uux  da  rMuction  indiqu<  ci-detseut. 

lOx  14x  IBx 

I'  I  I  I  I  I  I  M  I 

12x  18x  2 


L'Institut  a  microfllm*  le  meilieur  exempiaire  qu'il  lui  a 
i\6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details  de  cet  exem- 
piaire qui  sont  peut-£tre  uniques  du  point  de  vue  bibli- 
ograpMque,  qui  peuvent  modifier  une  image  reproduite, 
ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une  modification  dans  la  m^tho- 
de  normale  de  filmage  sont  indiquis  ci-dessous. 

I    I  Cotoured  pages  /  Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged  /  Pages  endommag^s 

□ Pages  restored  and/br  la'-^'nated  / 
Pages  restawies  et  3  r  -  s  jl^es 

Pages  discoloured,  t '       vr  foxed  / 
Pages  d4color«es,  t«£  l-.«'^  es  oa  piqi^s 

I    I  Pages  detached  /  Pages  d^tach^es 

j~]  Showthrough /Transparence 

□ Quality  of  print  varies  / 
Qualil^  in^gale  de  I'impression 

□ Includes  supplementary  material  / 
Ccmprend  du  materiel  suppl^mentaire 

□ Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata  slips, 
tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to  ensure  the  best 
possible  Image  /  Les  pages  totalement  ou 
partiellcment  obscurcies  par  un  feuiilet  d'errala,  une 
peture,  etc.,  ont  i\i  filmies  k  nouveau  de  (a9on  k 
obtenir  la  meMeure  image  possible. 

□ Opposing  pages  with  varying  colouration  or 
discotourations  are  fPmed  twice  to  ensure  the  best 
possible  image  /  Les  pages  s'cnposant  ayant  des 
cotorations  variables  ou  des  cecolorations  sont 
(ilmies  deux  fois  afin  d'obtenir  la  meiiieure  image 
possible. 


22x  26x  30x 

^\      \      \      \      \      \      \      \       \  \ 

24  X  28x  32x 


Th«  copy  fitmtd  htr«  has  b««n  raproduetd  thtnki 
to  th«  9«n«retitv  of: 

Presbyterian  Church  In  Canada  Archives 
Toronto 

The  Imagtt  appearing  hare  are  the  beat  qualify 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filmin«  eentrtet  ofieelf  lemtone. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  cover*  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  lliustrated  impreo* 
slon.  or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  Ail 
other  originoi  copiee  are  filmed  beginning  on  ttto 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  Illustrated  Impres* 
slon,  and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  Mluatrated  improealon. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  eech  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol        (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  ▼  Imeening  "END"), 
whiefiovof  oppNoOi 


L'exemplaire  film*  fut  reproduit  grlce  A  la 
9*ft*ro*it«  do: 

■Presbyterian  Church  In  Canada  Archives 
Toronto 

Lee  imegos  suiventoe  ont  Ot*  repreduites  evec  le 
plus  grand  soin.  eompto  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
do  le  nettetO  de  reaomplaire  film*,  at  sn 
conf  ormitO  ovoo  loa  condHlona  du  eontrat  de 
flimoge. 

Lea  exempleire*  origineux  dont  la  couvsrtura  sn 
papier  est  imprimis  sont  fllmas  en  commencant 
par  le  premier  plat  at  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
derniire  page  qui  cemporte  une  empreinte 
d'impreasion  ou  d'illuatration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  las  sutras  axemplaires 
origineux  sont  filmAs  en  commencant  par  la 
premiOre  pege  qui  eomporte  une  emprsinte 
d'impreeaion  ou  d'illuatration  at  en  terminent  per 
la  derniOre  pege  qui  eomporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  dee  aymbeloa  auhranta  apparettre  sur  la 
darniire  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
aymboio  ▼  *l«fiifio  "PIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  mey  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  In  the  upper  left  hend  corner,  left  to 
right  end  top  to  bottom,  as  meny  fremes  ss 
required.  The  following  diegrams  illustrate  the 
ntethod: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc..  peuvent  Atre 
filmte  A  des  taux  de  raduction  diffArents. 
Lorsque  le  document  eat  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  stui  ellehO.  il  eet  film4  A  pertir 
de  Tangle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite. 
et  de  haut  <in  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcesseire.  Lee  diagrammea  suivants 
illuatrent  la  mOthodo. 


2 


3 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

MiaraCOPV  RtSOUITION  TIST  CHMT 
(ANSiwidaOnSTCMMITNs.  2) 


THE  INTERPRETER  S  COMMENTARY  ON  THE  NEW  TESTAMENT 

VOLUME  VI 


THE  EPISTLES 
TO  THE  CORINTHIANS 
AND  GALATIANS 


WITH  N<1TKS  AND  COMMKNTS 

15V 


JOHN  EDGAR  McFADYKX,  M.A.  (G.  a^.),  H.A.  (Oxon.), 

PROFK««.K  OK  OU.  TKSTA.MKNT  UTHK  u  I  KK  A  M  ■  I  X ,  ■ K  s    ^  •  ■  >  .  .      .  L'^^oNT.. 
AUTHOR  OF  "Oin  THSTAMKNT  tK.TU  .SM  AM.  IH.   >  MU,-,,       ■  .n  K.  U.        ,x,KOUVCT.ON  TO 
AUTHOR  "'^      "      ,  TESTAMENT.  -  "  THK  .  .AVKS  ..^   U.K  .  ......  V  i  ... 


THE  ARCHIVES 
THE  PRES.  TERIAN 
CHURCH  IN  CANADA 


NEW  YORK 

A.  S.  HARNHS  eV  COMPANY 
1909 


THE 

INTERPRETER'S  COMMENTARY 

ON  THE  NEW  TESTAMENT 


tffEtGHT  yOLVMEX 


WITH  NOTES  AND  COMMENTS 
BV 

LYMAN  ABBOTT.  D.D.,  and  JOHN  E.  McFADYEN.  M.A. 


By  LYMAV  AUnoTT 
.IF.  Go-^PF.b  ACCOKUINO  To  St.  Matthkw 
THE  GOSI  KL  ACCURUISO  TO  ST.  MAKK  AND  ST.  LUM 

The  GosPEt,  accokuixo  to  St.  John 

The  Acts  ok  thk  A'h.sti.ks 
The  Ei-iSTLE  ti>  thk  Romans 


By  JOHN  E.  McFADYEN' 

THE  EPISTLES  TO  THE  CORINTHIASS  AND  GALATIANS 


Cfltrr//*/.  xV^h^'S-  B'rne,  A  Co. 


to  mv 

OBAR  AND  TEUSTV  FRIEND 

REV.  THOMAS  ROWATT  BROWN 


VRiAWCK  K)  1  11!  iM  i:ki'ri:tkks 

C  ().\l\ll-  .\  l  AKV. 


'I'll,  ti'  iiir  L'ii>ii|i-  of  iiui'slions  lo  tthirli  tlM-  •itiiilfiii  <>!'  tli>'  \fw  Tciitami'iit 
.Mfks  iiili  ili;:il>lf  rtplits. 

t.  WlH-n  iiikI  liy  wlmiti  wcro  iIh-  Uwikr*  nliuh  conlain  tliin  «o||(t  titm  of  writ- 
injrt*.  iiriil  ilii'ir  c"!!!!  Ill -,  i    |h.ii\i1\  win  '•' 

'i.  Iliiw  iitiiilv  (liNS  lilt  |i  \t  wl'.itli  w.  i>si»<'SH  niiili'iiii  to  till'  t«  \t  (if  till! 
orijjiiial  writ  ill;.'-  wliuh  Imvf  l'»ii^  •iiic  |Hii''liftl,  iiinl  what  r!iuii};»'s.  if  any.  an' 
nm'ssai  v  in  lie  luacle  in  tln'  .\<  v.  r'-taim-nt  in  miniiion  um'  to  mukt*  u  more 
p«'ii'<'(  t!\  I  (iiifDfm  I"  i' •  'III 

;i.  l»Mc>  the  l\iif;ii>l:  n-lalion  (..TiTi'l  liy  t!ii'  iwo  Kii;;lish  vi'isidhh  in  (-om- 
iiit  .1  HiH*  —  tlu'  Aiitliitriml  vi'r>»inn  and  tin-  Ifcvi-i'd  viTsion — corn'rtly  rrpn'Sf-nt 
tlio  original,  ami  in  ( it  lioi  s  imi.  wliat  iii'iilHi' :it i<>ii>  will  i>nahlf  the  KngliHh 
rcailcr  to  pvl  moro  airuiati'ly  tin-  iiiraninjj  of  tlic  original  ? 

I.  Mow  wouiil  ihfM'  writing:*  have  hccn  iin<lfr^*t<M>(l  l,\  th.'  |iiii|ili>  to  whom 
tlicv  wiTf  ailtlicsM'il  :  wlu  ii  tin  y  aic  n'|Mii  i-i  of  sim  .  Iks  or  rontroviTsii'S,  liow 
woiilil  tlir  -|inki  n  wiMils  liM\c  lii  i  ii  iiii(li'i«tooi|  ;  mill  wlnii  aiil  ran  \vr  <;i'f  towani 
a  I'orii'fl  answer  lo  ilu'Si'  c|Ui-itiiiiis  from  kiiii\vlri!j;i'  of  tlic  tiiin's.  tlic  |H'o|ilt' 
anil  their  nuinnprs",  i\w  rnstomn  ami  pn-valcnt  lialiitx  of  thoujjht?  Thus  when 
.Ffsiis  in  his  ilriiuiu  iat ion  of  ttii'  l'li;iri-;i  i  >  say<.  "  How  t  an  yr  i  -rajir  tlif  ilanina- 
ti»)n  of  lull?"  His  words  litcra'  y  it'iiiK  itd  arc  *"  How  lan  ye  i>ia|M'  from  th»' 
fomlonmation  of  (M-ht-nnar"  What  was  (iehi'nna !'  How  would  liis  anditurit 
httvo  umlcrstood  this  (|iH'stion? 

.">.  Till'  Ni  w  'I'lstanii'iit  wriiiiiL'-  conlain  tin'  i  nuin  iai ion  of  rcrtain  moral 
and  spiritual  iirim  iplcs  of  (rcii.  lal  applnation.  How  air  Un  v  lo  lii'  uiuli'isinod 
ami  how  arc  thoy  to  Ix*  af>plit'd  l»y  us  to  tin-  ixTsonal  and  six  ia!  proldonw  of  mir 
own  tiuK'? 

This  lomnu'iitary  is  dcvnti'd  chiefly  to  a  tonsiili'iatioii  of  tlif  fourth  and  lifth 
classes  of  ijiiestions.  In  so  far  as  knowlcdiri'  of  hisforieal,  literary  eritieism, 
textual  ciiliiisin  ami  verhal  eri  i  ism  is  iicci-isaiy  in  ordiT  to  apprehend  the 
wav  in  wliitii  contcnipoiarir-i  won  I  have  iiniln -lon.j  ih.'  oiii:inai  wiiiiiiL'-  miiiI 
disioursi'S  and  in  oidcr  lo  see  how  thr  piiiuipK's  I'liihodiid  in  ihise  writings  and 
dist'ourses  are  to  l»o  understood  and  applied  in  our  time,  tlie  results  of  M'holarly 
disi'UPsions  are  <:i\i'n.  But,  I'M'cjit  for  this  piirpos<',  iliere  is  very  liltli-  disnission 
in  the'i'.papes  of  tlio  ij  rstioiis  of  authorship.  ie\l.  or  ^rammatiial  lonstriirlion. 
The  student  will  iind  plenty  of  lomni'-ntaries  ih-voted  exche^ivcly  to  !li>'-e  pre- 


I'UKl  ACK  TO  TlIK  iXTKlU'HKTKH'S  COMMENTARY. 


i  liiiiiiiiirv  ■  ufsiidns.    It  luis  iml  Im'ti  tliiiiiplit  iuv<'ssary  to  rcpoat  tlirir  work  in 

ji  iliix'  vnluim  -.    In  oilier  umd.-.  tliis  foiunu'iUary  is  piimarily  not  a  critical  but 

f  nil  iiitiT|uciiiliu' (■iiiiiiiit'iiiary. 

'  Tlip  <Ii(T<Tcn(<'  iH'twifn  tlioso  classt-s  nf  ipicstions  and  also  tlieir  intcnle- 

[iciiilriii  I-  (  Jill  lir-t  111'  iiimlr  <  !i'nr  li\  a  i  niu mIc  illust  rat  icm.  'I'lir  (iiwjicl  of 
.Malllicw  roiiiaiiis  what  |iiii|iorls  lo  1k'  a  iipori  of  a  sriinon  livcrcd  liy  .(csus 
(  lirist  vciv  larlv  in  His  ministry.  Tills  scrninn  m^<'iipii's  the  tifth.  sixth  and 
macmiIi  chai'lcrs  of  tiic  <i'.-|i(  l.  is  llii-  a  ri  |inrt  ol  an  ai]ilr<ss  (Irlivcrcil  hy 
.lisus  at  oil!'  tiiiif.  or  lias  .Maltln  w  lifit'  linnijilil  tofrcilicr  kintln'd  instructions 
j;i\<n  iiy  .fcsiis  at  (lillcrciit  liiiirs.  and  fused  iliem  into  one  coni|)osit ion  in  order 
;  to  pive  preater  unity  and  ellicacy  to  the  teaching?    This  (|uestion  is  one  for 

■■  liteiarv  e'ili'  isin  jiiid  eunies  under  tlie  lir>t  catejxory.    Sonic  texts  in  their  rc- 

I  port  of  ilu'  Lord's  |irayer.  ;.fiveii  in  His  sermon,  eontaiii  the  doxolofry.    "  Tliine 

if  is  the  kinjrdom.  and  the  [tower,  and  the  plorv  forever.  Anuni."    Others  omit 

this  <|o\oloLry.  W'liiih  text  properly  (onloriiis  to  the  oriirinal?  This  question 
is  one  for  tevtiia!  ciiticisin  and  heloiisrs  in  the  s<'(ond  catcf^ory.  How  are  wc 
to  understand  the  direction.  "  Take  no  tlumjrht  for  the  morrow?  "  What  is  the 
ineatiiiip  of  the  orijrinal  (Ire.k  uhicli  is  rendered  in  the  Revised  version.  "  lie 
not  anxious!-*"  This  (|ne~ii(iti  i-  one  of  \eilial  eiilieisni  and  lieloii;.'-s  in  the 
lliird  late^'ory.  liow  would  the  disi  iples  of  .lesiis  Cliiist  have  understood  Mis 
definition  of  His  mission  in  the  phrase,  "Think  not  that  I  have  come  to  de- 
-Iroy  the  law  and  the  propliels;  I  am  not  eome  to  destroy  hut  to  fulfill"? 
How,  in  the  lij:lit  (d'  their  piohahU'  iiiidersiaiidiiij:,  are  we  to  understand  this 
declaration?  What  does  it  leach  us  respei  triij^  the  mission  of  .T»'sus  Christ  and 
the  relationship  of  Chi  is;  iiiniiy  to  dudaism?  These  are  (luestions  of  inter- 
pretation and  eoine  iiiidei'  ihe  fourth  and  tifili  catej.'ories.  If  the  reader  will 
turn  to  the  pajres  of  this  i  cininieiitaiy  in  uliii  h  Malihew"s  report  <>{  the  -eiiiioii 
on  Ihi'  mount  is  treated,  he  will  find  there  an  answer  to  all  of  these  (piestions, 
and  he  will  al<o  lind  a  piailiial  illustration  of  the  relative  cm|)hasis  which  in 
this  commentary  is  <ieiieially  juit  respectively  upon  the  literary,  the  textual,  the 
verhal  and  the  intcrpretati\e  u'roiips  of  .juestions. 

'["he  authors  in  one  introduction  to  the  \Uiole  of  ihe  New  Testament  and  in 
special  inl  roiliK  tioiis  to  its  sevi  ia!  hook-:.  lia\e  j:iven  their  conclusions  ii[)on  the 
ijiiestioiis.  wlicii,  wlicie.  Iiy  whom  aiiil  for  uliat  purpose  the  ho<iks  were  re- 
spectively xvritten.  and  they  have  also  indicated,  hut  onlv  hrieflv.  the  f?rounds 
on  wliich  tlie-;e  con(lii<ions  are  founded,  'flu  v  lia\e  iisiiallv  accepteil  the  texts 
on  wliicli  our  iliij^lish  New  Tcstanu  iit  i-  liased.  Where  the  i;evi>ed  version 
adopts  a  different  text  from  the  older  Authorized  version,  the  text  of  the  l{evis<'rs 
is  t'enerally  to  Im<  preferred.  In  a  few  cas(>8  the  authors  have  adoptwl  a  different 
text  from  either  and  have  stated  thi'  reasons  for  so  di  in<;.  The  commentarv  has 
')een  prepared  for  Knelish  reacler*.  hut  it  ed  upon  a  careful  study  of  the 


_^PREFA(1^  TO  THE^INTERPRETER'S  ro^fMEXTAin . 

original  (irook.    Wfu-nev^T  in  ,he  authorv";>pi;^.;  a  .l.ir..,..„t  transla,,.,,. 

..-.vk  w,l  anl  ,1,..  l.u.U.U  nador  in  ,.,ting  a  truo  un.l.T.tan.li,,,^  .,f  ,1,.. 
|m>saf;o,  siuii  Iranslali.iii  :s  liiniishf,!  in  III,.  I.,  ,|,..  l  ,,  i 

FH>ra.ed  .n  the  Not...    K.v.rpt  wJu...  a  .iifferem.  of  ,ranslano„  ,1  „.,,,.,,...,  „1. 

<i-  inmslatiun  i„  ,..,„„non       _ ..iiluT  that  of  the  Authorial 

pim.  fo  p,„vlv  v.-rhal  an.l  -rannnat  i,  ,-,1  .  ritinVn..  ' 
The  main  -ilijr.  t  of  i|„.  authors  has  Invn  twofohl : 

hau- hcH.n  un.!..rstno,|  Uy  thus..  ,o  wi,o„.  th.,v  u...v  a-l.l.v  ,,„  ' 

mmh  att.  mion  has  hc..n  paid  ,o  an  ac.-n„nt  of  an.  i.  n.  n.ann.Ms.  ru.uL  ull 

In  the       t  ol  su.h  ...xpianauon.  ,1    a,„hors  h.-.v  .„,|.avon..|  u,  i,„..,p,vl 

0    adungs  of  th..se  writings  and  a.idn.ss..s  as  ,h.,  a.v  ,         „„d....st.H  i 

,  • -h..th..r  s.K-iaI  or  individual.  Z 

n>  ...  nnu-Mtary  .s  pn  oa-vd  I,v  ,hos..  wh  11.....  ,l,a,  th.>  X.-w  T.stan  .-nf 

.  ..  a.,thontafvo  ,n,..,pn.ta,ion  of  th..  p,.i„...p|,.s  an.i  p,-...,.,,  "  "'i" 

and  ,h..  spirit  vhich  1...  nun..  ,o  in.pa,-,.  L  tha,  ,n        ■    .  - 
i""  ••<•;-■  -'.i  ^pn-iu,al  pn,,,|..n.sand„    li  iM 

N-n..Unn.h.n....  ...wanl  tha,  kin,M..n.  of  Co,]  Paul  ha,  del-  W  " 

.•.^'htoouanos8  and  p^-a.^e  and  joy  in  th..  Holy  Spirit  "  '•t'si  rilnd  m 

.•/i:';:i:i::K;;:;;:'t;';tt,::r';:;r;":;;';:,::::-T 

F«'hruarv.  1909.  T.ym.w  .\hw)tt. 

•'oiiv  K.  .M(  F\i>vi;v. 

.h;pa.  f.n;th.p^^  ;;:;:;,;;;:;:;;;;;^;;n  to 

"....nn:d;::.:;;::d:.;::;:;i:r 

.-.'■s.  loayin,  tho  original  ...mu  '  i  '  '^^7 '"'"''"''^ 

'■"'ii'.""  tl„w  ,.!,.,rlv  il„.  ..I,.,n,-      f      "  !'"'"  "•     "  ^"'■"'-"1  mor,.  hon..>t  fo 

 ■■■  •••  u;iiiiiiit  ill.  icMini"  ill,.  .|!i,.,-ii,,„.  \in 

fndin,t..d.  it  ,nay  In-  as.imn.d  th-.t  in    'C,     J  ''^ 

Ly.«a\  .\i!noTT. 


PREFACE. 


It  has  often  seemed  to  me  that  Biblical  commentaries  are  not  ni 
attractive  as  tliev  might  f,e    The  scattrrerl  inf^^   !  ^ 
has  to  be  carried  back  bv  the  rcLer  i  to  Ihe  ^  T         T''"  ""'^'^ 
interpretation  often  seen,  to  s  ,ff  r  f  1  1  "  ''''' 

lacl<  of  continuity.    I  have  sought  to  obTate  this  bv  ^ 

of  the  comn,e„t  a  translation  of  mv  oJn  wWch  s  anr""f  """" 
black  lettering,  and  which  cm  tl.ns  L  " ''"'^ Prommently  in 
nary  Bibhcal  text  whi  h  is  p   ,      at  tl '""^ 

^-."-ntary.    The  ^r::^^:' ^Z^  f^  ^ 
tiinious  cx|.,siiinn.  »|i„„,  ,|ic  reader  li„u  fl,.  ">f"»t.'li  "K  c.iii- 

mind;  and  ,l,c,.  „,al,c  i,  ca>y  for  , , ,      ,„    :,"  ;'"'''  '"■ 

December.  1908.  '^''-I'^dyen. 


FIRST  EPISTLK  TO  THE 
CORINTHIANS. 


FIRST  EPISTLE  TO  THE  CORINTHIANS. 

Introduction. 

No  book  in  tlie  New  Testament  exhibits  more  Rraphicallv  the  magnitude 
an.I  vanc-ty  ..t  t!io  prnMnns  wliidi  Cliristianitv  lia.l  to  face  in  it>  effort 
to  subdue  tlic  ancient  world  to  itself,  than  tlu-  first  q.i.tk-  of  Paul  t..  tlu- 
Corinthians.  Corinth  xvas,  in  a  very  real  sense,  the  meeting  place  of  eaM 
an  1  west.  ...  thoir  commerce  and  their  thoi^ght.  Of  the  brilliant  ami  beau- 
titul  city.  It  has  iKcn  said  that  "in  her  quicklv  pulsing  life,  in  her  luvurv 
and  vice,  she  may  be  described  as  the  I'aris  of  the  ancient  world."  The 
atmosphere  ot  (ireecc  lies  about  the  epistle:  the  eager  mind  is  here  that 
discusses  an.I  ,|ue.tions  ihe  resurrection  (xv.  12),  the  spirit  of  faction  is 
here  that  cur-ed  the  ancient  democracies,  and  that  now  threaten,  to  rend 
the  church  with  party  cries;  the  lai^'e  and  tolerant  outlook  is  iiere  an.I  the 
deep  an.I  vivid  interest  i„  life  and  its  problems. 

In  this  city  of  art  and  commerce,  ot  intellect  an.I  vice,  there  was  a 
church  of  (.od  (I.  2).  founded  by  the  apostle  I'aul  ,  iii.  1,,.  claims 
to  be  the  father  of  the  Crinthian  Christians,  and  thev  are  his  belove.1 
children  ,iv.  .4  f. .  During  the  ye.ur  an.I  a  h.uf  which  he  ha.l  spent  at 
Lonnth  (Acts  xvni.  n)  ••teaching  the  word  of  C.mI  among  tlu-n,  '  his 
evangelistic -efforts  had  been  crowned  with  a  considerable  measure  of  suc- 
ce>s  (I  t  or.  1.  4-;,  :  an.I  though  there,  as  ever>'where,  he  had  encountered 
bitter  opposition  lr..m  the  Jews  .Acts  xviii.  M.  vet  n.-t  .,nlv  .  lentiles  but 
Jews  were  won  for  the  g.^pel.  inclu.ling  even  a  ruler  of  the  synagogue 
(Acts  xv.„  8.  I  Cor.  1.  ,4).  Naturally,  however,  the  bulk  of  the  converts 
were  Gent.le       (  or.  xii.  M.>.t  .,,f  tlun,  were  .Irawn  from  the 

classes,  few  were  numbered  ani.,ng  Corinth's  wise  or  mightv  or  noble  ,  i  ■ 
bt..  ,  .>u  .tle.s  there  were  a  few.  The  graphic  descripti.-n'of  the  celebration' 
of  tlR  Lor.ls  supper  in  xi.  ....  fT.  presupposes  a  variety  of  social  condi- 
tions, a.,  such  a  man  as  Stephanas  ,  i.  ...  xvi.  ,5.  w..ul.-|  pn>l.al.lv  bo  w  I 
off.  Paul  recognized  the  great  strategic  imp..rtance  of  Lorinti,.'  In  the 
w.>r.|s  of  the  visio,,.  ^,  ^.^  ^ 

the  an.xious  em.,tion  wuli  which  he  began  his  lah.-r;  but  the  eighuen  momhs 
which  he  spent  there  were  rewarded  by  the  rise  of  a  ehur.  I,  .',0...  . . 
were  rich  m  Christian  "  utterance  and  knowle.lge.  an.I  came  behind  in  no 

The  work  of  Paul  had  been  very  ably  seconded  by  Apollos;  what  Paul 


ixTKonrcTiox. 


ha.l  plamol.  Iia.l  waU-rc.l  ( iii.  ^.).    It  is  clear  from  «.  12  that  Paul 

ami  A|N.llos  imprt-ssi-.l  tlu-  Coriiitluai.^  in  very  .litlVr.  nt  way-.  Apnll.-  \va. 
a  brilliant  ^i^^  aUt.  a.i.l.  a^  an  Ah  xau.lrian,  1...  .l..ul;t  a  master  ..I  tlu'  alk^ 
gurii-al  iiitiri.retatinn  ,.|  tiu'  (  »1.1  Totannnt  (  Acts  xviii.  24  ff.).  with  which 
he  conftitcl  the  lews  an.l  l.n.ve.l  that  Jesus  was  the  MoMah.  (  )n  n> 
arrival  at  (  orinlli.  hi^  intlunur  lH.i,'an  at  .muv  t..  tdl  iH.urrlullv:  liis  elo- 
quent an.l  i.lnl.-M.i.lnc  preadnnu  w.-nM  l.r  nmre  attractive  t..  the  average 
(;reek  wit.,  worshipi-e'l  ••utterance  and  knowledRe."  than  the  simpler  an.l 
more  una.lurne.l  speech  of  Paul.  To  the  ere.l.t  uf  l...th  nun,  l,..wever, 
neither  l.".ke.l  up-.n  the  -.tlur  a^  a  rival.  Tiiey  were  Loth  (..»!>  lellow- 
worker.  ( i.i  -^i.  I'aul  reeuK'ni/es  that  "he  that  planteth  an.l  he  that 
watereth  are  om>"  (iii.  S»  :  an.l  .\im.11..s.  wh.>  happen^  to  he  with  Pa.il  uluii 
he  writes  thi^  Utter  to  the  (  , .rinlhi.ans.  reln-es  u<  take  advantage  ol  Pauls 
earnest  rnpiest  that  he  slionl.l  vis.i  (.\.rinth  with  the  hiethren  who  are  about 

t.>       ( xvi.  !-M.  ,     ,  I  I 

This  letter  ua.  written  from  I  i.lu  Mis  (  xvi.  Si-wh.  re  Paul  Mave.l  l.e- 
tueei,  tu-  an.l  ihtee  sears  ,  \el>  xi.v.  10.  xx.  31  I  alter  leaviiif;  t  nnmh — 
an.l  api-arentlv  f.war.K  the  conclusi.m  of  his  stay  (.Acts  xix.  21,  1  Cor. 
xvi.  5).    It  is  wrhten  at  any  rate  liefore  IVnlecst  (  xvi.  S).  perhap^  ah.-nt 
i-"aMer  (..f  ^7  A.  D  r*.    '1  iure  wa>  cnMaiit  intercourse  between  i':i>he-us 
an.l    orinth/an.l  Paul  i>  ohvic.u>ly  thor. mj;lily  well  inf..rme.l  of  the  C.>rm- 
thian  situation.    His  .iwn  letter  is  in.lee.l.  in  part,  a  reply  to  a  >eries  .>f 
,,uesti..ns  he  ha.l  receive.l  lr..ni  the  C  orinthians  ,  vii.  i  It .  1  rej^ar.lm- certain 
matter,  ol'  practical  imp'.rtaiice:         marriage  an.l  .liv..rce.  the  partaking 
ul  the  liesii  ol  animals  ..tiere.l  in  sacrifice  to  i.lols  (viii.-x.).  (perhaps  also 
whether  w.>men  sli..ul.l  he  miveile.l  in  the  Christian  asscnil.lv.  xi. .  the  exer- 
cise ,.t  s,,i,i,ual  i;itts  (  xii.^xiv.i.  the  i>r..per  metli...!  of  taking  the  c..llecti..n 
f.,r  the  po..r  of  the  lenisalem  church  (xvi.).    lUit  Paul  ha.l  other  sources 
,.f  inf..rmation.  some  «)f  which  are  name.l.  others  we  are  K  it  t..  inter.  Mem- 
luTs  .,1  the  h..usehoM  of  C  hl.ie  hn-ught  him  new>        the  .hvisi,.n~  m  the 
(  ..rinthiaii  churdi  ( i.  11  ).    Through  .\p..ll..s  (  xvi.  i->)  an.l  Stei-hanas  with 
his  tu..  companions  (xvi.  i;)  he  w.nihl  Ik-  kept  in  t..uch  with  the  situatu>n. 
He  "hears"  how  certain  public  services  are  being  c.n.lucte.l  (  \i.  iS).  he 
knows  the  rnm.^rs  about  the  moral  life  ..f  the  church  ( v.  1).  he  is  aware 
„f  what  s..me  i.eople  are  saying  ab.mt  the  resurrection  of  the  .lea.l  (  xv.  12). 
His  own  letter  is  written  with  an  intimate  knowle.lge  of  the  situati.Hi  —  the 
first  six  chapters  being  sugL'cstv.l.  roughly  s,Haking.  bv  the  reports  he  has 
received,  the  ..tlier  bv  the  letter  tliey  had  sent,     lie  lia.l  aliea.h  vuutcu  a 
letter  liel..re  this  ..lie  which  appears  to  have  In-en.  perhaps  wilfully,  luisun.ler- 
st.Kxl  (V.  .}):  and  the  present  sitnation  is  serious  en..ugh  t..  justify  him  in 
.sen.ling  Tiim.thy  t«»  Ci>rinth  in  advance  of  himself  ( iv.  17,  .1.  10  f.), 


ixTRonrcTiox. 


thouRh  Whether  Timothy  reached  Corinth  ..r  no,  is  „,K.rtain  ,cf.  vvi  ,u- 
" .  .itKi  Act--  six,  j_» ). 

Tl.c  iwo  m..M  c.n.pir,,,.,,.  f,a,„r..s  „f         ,  ,.ri,„|,ia„  cu.nnuinitv  were 
cc>.,te„t...„s  „H.IIec.naI.Mn         .n..n„ral.,v.-  u.n.rcs  .^..uU.  ll^Z 

t  n>„c  of  doca.Unt  (.reeoe;  an<I  in  harmony  with  thi.  is  the  nn- 
I.l.a>..  on  ,lH.  „  ...-.1  ...,H,„v  a„.l  „„i,y  of  ,1,.  .lu.rch  .  i.  The  low  moral- 
ity IS  vrry  nudl.jj.l.lc-  whni  conM.UT  ll.at  Corinth  u;,.  ,„„■  of  tl.,.  „ 
seats  of  the  worship  of  Aphro.!it..  who  l.a.l  ov.r  a  thous.,„l  pric^t.^.^s  in 
n.y  ,!.vot..I  to  UT  .n.n.oral  a.lt.  I,  was  at  Corinth  that  I'anl  .Irew  ' 
>  .  .rl<  pu-tnre  o,  iK-atl,.,,  i„  „„„,  ,•  ^ 

s  o  ,>fl^j.„.Iers  .-.^..,„  t  the  .hv.no  law.  hc,.„„i„.  with  fornicator,  .u,-! 
"Kl.Hln,,^  th.eves  ami  <lrtmkar.!s.  Panl  pn^s  on.  "  An.i  M,ch  were  sonu-  of 

ii-mi.v'h'  l'.'  '     '  -"""r  ^'"'"^  task  which  ihris- 

nan.ts  ha.i  U-.orr  ,t.  an.l  at  the  same  tin,c  explains  n,anv  of  ,h..  unlovelv 
c^tures  m  t.,e  life  of  .he  chnreh.    Snch  n,en  ha.,  to      sp.,,...  r'!.:;^ 
•    ■  •      'l'-a!Iv  co„sp„uoi,s.  howeuT.  with  their  low  moralitv.  was  their 

"  •^■"-"•ai  cnna.t.    (.reece  was  tin  honu.  of  phi!  phv.  an.l  t,',  ti,.  knowl- 

»  pe  a..l  w,s.om  of  .he  Corinthians  i'aul  „,akcs  uuun-  ironual  allusi, 

.  s':o : -M ?  "'""'^  ''r""'"  ^- 

,  "  7""'  ?  commnni.y.    One  man  elain,. 


...  Iw  lon.r  1,,  1-1         1  ' -  vo,i.,„uii.iy.    (  hie  man  claim* 

to  JKlong  .  .  I  ani.  aivllur  to  Apollos.  another  to  ivt.r  ,i  , 

■K-^e  watchworcls  no  clonbt  represent  ten.lencies  rath.r  than  partus  T,,," 

<n  d  have    ,s:  .he  Petnne  party  pn.hahly  r.pre..,Us  a  Pai. ',.,„an  t  ' 

I.an  that  o   ,  a.,1.       in  the  matter  of  meat  ofTere.I  in  sacr.f.cc  ...  .,lo 
...  .lespne  th.  .htu-rcno  s.  th.  r.-  is  no  "  schis,„  -  i„       n,..<lern  sense  of  the 
Nv..ni:  all  t.,;^ethcr  ...nn  the  "  chnreh  of  Co.l  m  Cornuh  ■ 

l  l.c  ep.stle  ,nves  «s  more  than  one  interesting  Kl.n>,.^c  ..,.o  the  c.n.inct 

K'lts  ot  the  (.recks  w..nl,l  have  ample  so,p.,  an.l  tlure  mns.  have  ix-en  some 
very  effect.ve  sp.akin,,.  when  the  s^  cr.ts  of  .he  heart  were  tn  n  "'.  Tl 
nn  .hcvcrs  were  ...vince..  that  the  presence  of  ....l  .as  in  t,:';.:;-:;^ 

u^icl,  ■"'  ''•''•"vi'lnalisn,  „„,st  have  reiKne.l 

ulmh  .Mvcs  ponu  .o  iVu,i-s  warning  .hat  the  .,|.ieci  of  a  pnMi.-  r.  1 ,s 
exerc.se  ,s  practically  frnstrate.  "  nnless  J  e.l.he.  '    u  7 

/>.  I  he  natnra!  n,..h>h.y  of  ,he  ( ireek  temp^-rament  was  hei-^htene  1  bv* 
-ts  contact  wuh  the  "  spirit  "  of  the  new  n  li.ion  an,l  ,I„.  ,n.  ^  wekomt 
mamfestations  of  .he  spiri.  were  the  .„..st  se-^a.-onal.  "  u-  1  T 
-v.ces  nnw  ,.,„  „ave  l.en  .lisor.lerly  ,  xiv. ,  an.,  some.inu.  .hl^l-M 
(X..  ^1  t.K    Ihc  passtonate  an.l  convincing  exhortation  of  a  prophet  would 


6  INTRODUCTION. 


be  interritpte<l  l)y  the  unintilligiblo  siiecch  ot  one  who  had  the  ecstatic  gift 
of  tongties.  The  gift-*  often  contributed  to  display  rather  than  to  edifica- 
tion, and  the  vv-r-hip  -enm-d  !o  he  that  of  a  Cod  lu^t  of  peace,  but  of  con- 
fnsiim :  so  nnuh  so  that  an  ignorant  or  uncharitable  stranger  stepping  into 
the  nuetinj;  would  at  certain  moments  !«  inclined  to  believe  that  the  wor- 
.shippers  were  mad  ( xiv.  23).  Even  the  women,  smitten  with  the  emancipa- 
tinjr  spirit  ..f  the  new  reli^'ion.  were  beninninR  to  forget  the  decorum  wliich 
every  self-respecting  Creek  woman  was  expected  to  observe  in  public 
(xi.  5  ff.). 

Only  a  man  "f  nmiMial  ver-ati!ity  wcmld  have  been  able  to  deal  i  ffectively 
with  Mich  a  situation  as  that  j.resented  by  Corinth.  The  i)rob!eins  which 
clamored  fnr  snltition  were  botV  •>ractical  and  speculative.  Out  of  the  con- 
fusion iire-eiite.i  by  those  vivid  and  complex  elements  of  Creek  life,  a  world 
..f  order  li.i.l  to  l)e  create.I :  aii<l  the  nimble  Creek  intellect  would  expect  to 
be  sati-fied  with  a  specnlaiive  s<»lution  of  its  diflficttltics.  Tn  both  these 
<lirections  the  greatness  of  TruI  is  manifest,  and  be  more  than  justifies  hi . 
claim  to  l>c  all  thin.';-  to  men  lix.  .'Ji  -a  C.reek  to  tlie  Creeks  no  le->s 
than  a  lew  t»>  the  Jews.  In  this  coimection.  the  collocation  of  chs  xv.  and 
xvi.  is  very  striking.  As  at  Athens  ( .\cts  xvii.  32)  so  at  Corinth,  difficul- 
ties were  feh  about  the  resurrection  (i  Cor.  xv.  !_•).  In  an  arfjnment  of 
much  i)ower  ami  elxiuence.  which  shows  his  great  constructive  intellect. 
I'aul  answers  those  difficulties,  and  then  in  the  very  next  breath,  begins  to 
deal  in  the  most  practical  way  with  the  question  of  the  collection  (xvi.). 
The  early  days  of  Christianity  luede.l  ,1  threat  or^ani^ing  genius —  one  who 
could  organize  thoughts  and  affairs  and  mtii  —  and  such  a  man  they  found 
m  I'aul. 

Yet  he  w mid  not  him-elf  have  six.ken  of  genius,  but  of  grace;  it  was  by 
the  grace  of  Cod  that  lie  was  what  he  was.  and  did  what  he  iHd  ( xv.  10). 
In  this  epistle  we  get  a  few  glimpses  of  his  unique  career.  He  thinks  with 
sorrow  of  the  <lays  in  which  he  persecuted  the  church  of  Cod  (xv.  (>).  but 
bv  the  infinite  grace  of  that  C.od  whose  church  he  bad  persecuted  he  is 
now  an  apostle  —  imleed  an  apostle  by  a  triple  right:  first,  because  he  has 
seen  the  Lord  (ix.  i,  cf.  xv.  8):  secondly,  because  his  work  has  been 
crowned  with  .success  (ix.  2)  :  lastly,  because  be  has  suffered  for  Jesus'  sake. 
The  last  .nr.gtuuent  is  elaborated  in  the  second  epistle,  but  this  epistle  also 
ilescribes  the  hardshii)s  which  he  bad  to  Ix'ar  for  the  gospel's  sake  —  himgry 
ami  thirsty,  naked  and  bruised,  hunted  and  doomed,  a  spectacle  to  men  and 
angels  ( iv.  '>-i.O  1''-  uiission  iu  life  is  to  i)reach — that  is  why  he  was 
"sent"  (i.  17)  ;  ami  this  he  docs  with  passion  but  with  simplicity,  without 
rhetorical  or  i>iiilosophical  devices  (i.  17,  ii.  i).  though  he  is  well  aware 
how  dear  these  arc  to  the  Corinthian  heart.    This  does  not  mean,  of  course, 


INTRODUCTION. 


The  facts  aw  no  doubt  of  uniq„e  im,M,rtancc  (xv.        xi.  .>j        bt.t  the 
.I.Mns...n  ..f  ,Iu.  roM-rrection  shows  how  na.ly  and  competent  I'aul  was 
to  i-rocm  a  constructive  interpretation  ..f  thus/ facts  in  tLs  of  coLm 
porary  thot.ght.    There  is  no  little  irot.y  i„  h.s  Csdainter  of  "  .X  o, 

uiTri:^:;T  '"^^ ^he cori;:hia;,s 

:;t;ci;^..  M;::i  h '  ih!;;::::,;,: ^r^-  «"^'>^'  » 

..  .        ,      '  •»"""«■  ■"•'<le  no  .iifinipt  tn  loMiim-ii. lit 

.    -c,,s,„K  ,t  or  by  dressing  it  in  the  lan^naKc  of  ph.Iosophv.  ,  . 

....  I  the  »>«,  rc  of  U.r.st  upon  th.  cross.  That  was  ,hc  p.spd  .,n.l  "  woe 
IS  utito  me.  If  I  preach  not  the  jfospol  "  (ix  Tiu.  r   .  r  • 

'I-..I.t  the  r.thcr  half  of  the  rosL  and  of  t  resurrection  ,s  no 
|.,„  ,     I.    I        ,      .  M'sjHi.  ami  of  no  less  nnportancc  (xv  is) 

l.ut  to  laul  nenlur  has  any  u.eanin,  apart  fr  „„  ,he  other-  it  ,he 
crnahed  Chr.st  who  rose.    The  one  .h.trine  o.fen.le.I  .  :reek-  pr  ,e  L 

turns  upon  ,!,.,„.  an.I  he  press..  „,,,„         hon.e  in  his  preaching  with  in 
flex, hie  persistency     The  a.ni.ition  of  his  ,,  f.      „,at  he  mav  tvfr  V.  C 

...t, hat  ..see.,  hut  a.wa.    the  pr^^t  IT^L^,  l^Z;-^ 
This  ,„lvati,.„  is  „„,  simply  an  ,..hcr-,vnrl,llv  ,|,i„t.:        .,,,i„|,  i,  ,  ,i„,. 

;  • "  f ™w  JL »»»  V  et: 

he  MUT   n,s  ,K.™  „„„,  ,,,„„„       „,    J         „„.        .  '  V^M- 

.    -    a,,,!  I,y  SalMtior  as  ••  ,h,.  ,.x,,a„  i,.„  ,„■  ,l„  c  ,r 

|.r...c,|.k-  as  „  s,,r..a,|.  i,„„  „„.  ,,,„„,  ,.f  ,.„-,,,,^^ ..  '^^  2' 

„,..„  s,„.K.,y  ,s  prnnarUy  „n,  r>.v,.lmi..„arv,  1„„  ,n,„.,„n,  i,,..      ,  " 

.ha.  ,,  „„rs  in  Chris,.    •■  Al.  ,l,i,„s  ar.  Ia„  ,„l  '      i     f  ;  . 

........  ..,h.rs.  „  ,„, ,  „  ,,„„„  „  „„„„,,„,^,_,„,'^.,  ,„ 

';'» for i-  ,„..  ,-„„:,-;„r;:^ ;,:r  ;:;,,"",7- 

.Luifs.  every  Christian  n,a„  i  „,,  ..l.rv      I,    ,  , 

.h.  «ccU  „,       „ei,„^r:  as  a  ^iJ^^^'i^^^^^'J!:;::^ 


5  ^;iLr^;,^i^^'^^Fiiia&^<«^^ 


g  ixTKonrcTioK.  

,,,,     o.,M.lir    thf  ..tlur  n,an."   "  Ut  m  man  seek  hi*  own  goo.1.  Imt  the 

l.-M,.  nalK  -nu^t  tin-  law  ..f  love  l.oM  in  th.  dn.nh.  a.no„>;  lho>c  that  are 
umh  .<ial.  vi.  .0..    They  cnmc  t.^n-thcr  to  uor.lup 
,0  h.t,  on.  ano,h.r-not  for  the  wor..  i.t 
riu  tin   vatr..  -f  a  nli-^i.-,,.  >crvKT  .s  .t>  l-^cr  to  ol.f>. 

„,  ,„,  «or.in,,.r-.    I-  "  .lu'  o.lu  r  ,nan  is  not  e.hficd  (x.v 
„u.  .xm-i...  then  wo  may  well  ask  what      ..^  valno  an.   ,.UKe  n,  tlu 
Irch.    Spiritual  .nfts  are  of  ,nany  kin.N.  Uu  l-ve  nuM  '^U  rntnu-  how 
U  ,.   -hall    ..■  .   .  n  i^el  ( xii.       H.  ..  an.l  in  any  ca^e  the  mo.    he  .ft,  are 
,     ,...a..U.    Into  hi.  wo„.lerful  enloRV  ..f  love  winch  Alton  .e- 
Ic  ilH-s  as  ••,>crha,..  the  nohle^t  a..  n,l.la,e  of  heautml  tlvu,!,,.  m  heau- 
,i"    lau.na es.an,  n,  .In^  our  uo,M."  the  a.H.Mle  ,.onr.  the  .nh,e>,  o, 
hearr  .M.ii.    Tin>  o.nee,.„on  of  the  ehurch  as  a  Ik.^'  w.th  m.^tlH.r>. 
!  erv  one  of  which  i.  necessary  to  the  welfare  of  the  whole,  an.!  ev.rv  ..ne 
of  ^^■hieh  nee.N  .  v.vv  ntlv  ,  .  i^  uorko!-..nt  with  ,'reat  snK«est.vene>s  ,  x.v.) 

<„„Hti.n-^  ranr.  teaehn.«  i>  o.lore.l  hy  Ins  views  of  the  near  comm«  ot 
n.ri.,  Tlu  fact  that  the  ti.ne  i^  .hort.  ap^ars.  for  example,  to  mflttence 
his  .tosion  of  .narria,..  ,  vli.  .u.  cf.  x.  n).  Hm  ^y^u.  cn^e  the 
esehatoIoKical  l,ack,ro„n,l  of  .he  n-"^'  .1  " 

appropriation  of  it,  .eadun«.  in  it>  protect  a.amst  .hscor.  ami  ^actton  ami 
i  s  plea  for  holiness  an.l  nnity  within  the  church,  in  ,t.  en,pha~.^  upo„  bochlv 
^.  ^,„.,  „„i,„enauce  of  an  iucx^rahlc  n.oral  -tamlard  m  matters  af- 
f.cinu  ,he  relation,  ..f  the  >exe>.  in  it,  tine  c.MnhuuUmn  of  tolerance  for 
.,,1  ,l,a,  „  not  inimical  to  the  spin!  of  Christianity  w.th  pract.cal  cons,<l- 
'cration  for  the  hn.ther  whon,  that  flerance  miRht  nn^lca.l.  in  ,t,  lo„y  <ense 

j.ul.lic  worship  ami  of  the  ohh^atMrn  of  eaJi 
„,e>nlKr  of  the  i  hriMian  co.nunnuty  t..  ontrihute  to  the  rck>.1  of  he  whole 
in  its  emphatic  asserti.m  of  the  resnrrec.ion.  an.l  in  the  ,n,..me  pWe  ulnch 
it  assign'  to  love,  the  nK-,s.,c  of  ,lu-  .  j-iMk-  „  nnu,..rtal.  I  hc  hght  .-t  t K 
...rl.l  t..  come  is  ,he.l  hack  upon  the  work!  that  now  „.  \MnU-  hrannR  s 
rea.lers  ,0  face  their  earthly  pr..hlems  an.l  .lo  their  earthly  .lu.u  n  hol.l, 
stea.lilv  hef,.re  their  ..c^  ,1,.  ,nat  conM.unuatio,,  ,.f  lu-t,,rv.  w  uu  all  thmgs 
shall  have  U-en  suhjcctcd  to  the  Son.  ami  tiud  .-hall  he  all  m  all  (xv.  -'8). 


THE  FIRST  EPISTLE  OF  PAUL  THE  APOSTLE 

TO  THE 
CORINTHIANS. 


CHAPTER  1. 

I  I'At  u  call«<l  /(»  Iw  an  ap-'-iI.  df  Ji  miv 
Cltri»l  ihroiiKli  llio  wit]  of  1,<>«I.  .mil  S.i>- 
thcnr»  our  iimther. 


.-'    '  I""  ''k'  •liiinli  .if  r.<x|  which  i»  at 

<  '■nmli,  t-  llurii  ih.ii  ,irr  <;iiu'titi«-(|  itt 
(  in-t  J,Mi>.  ..ill,, I  /,.  ,,„„|,,  ^.,1, 
all  lli.it  III  iMTy  |ilaa-  call  |||><>||  tlu-  iMim- 

<  f  Jtsii.H  Christ  oHr  L<ml,  boih  ihcirs  ami 
I'lirs : 


Tilt-  oViv/iMi;  It  I  .{I. 

I'AI  I.,  IIV  niVI.NK  VOiAlUi.N,  A.V  ,»  ■OsTUi  OK 
jEiil  S  ClIKIiir, 

A.NU  BlUlTHER  SoSTIiENES, 

T(l  TMK  riltlH  Il  OK  (job  AT  CORINTII, 

Whose  MrMREN^H  HAXT  BK£N  SiAMIlFiHi 
THIIOl  i.ll  IMOX  WITH  CHUIST  JksIS.  AM) 
WHO  AXE  THEIIErORB  SAINTS  BV  VOCATIOM : 

Ami  Mir  TO  vol-  only,  blt  to  all  who 

ANSVUUkf.  CALL   I  n)S   THE  N  .ME  or  OIK 

Um'  Jkm  s  Cmkist,  who  is  their  Lorp  as 

\\U  I.  A>  u:  Ks  : 

I  "   V  I    IK  VOL-  BE  (iRACE  A.ND  PEArE  FROM 

(•ui>  ui  K  Fatbir  and  the  Lout  Jesus 

C  IIKI-I 

I.    Paul  i,  an  apostle  of  Jesus  Christ, 

Mtil  liy  lim:  .uni  ^.iit  i,.  pnn-laiiii  llitii. 
Ili..t  w.i>  thf  uork  ,it  Ins  life  frniii  In, 
coiivirMi.n,  ati.l  n  i,  m  |n<  capacity  an 
apiiMtIc  that  he  wnto  to  tin-  Curni,  mis 
But  he  has  not  stuiKhi  ilii>  t.i-k  <A  Iuiiim  li 
hi-  was  called  t<i  it  by  an  .  vprc-s  ki  ,.f 
the  win  of  God.  His  wc.r,N  will  tluri-- 
forc  have  special  weight  I  lurc  arc  ni.my 
niiliivcly  features  in  the  conduct  of  the  d- 
ritiihiaii  church  which  will  call  for  ^ravc 
npr.u  I,  anil  ilic  claim  Paul  makes  in  these 
\Mir,l>  In  In-  ilivnuly  callcl  to  his  apostle- 
■-liip  jii^iifus  Ml  a, K. nice  ihe  authority  with 
uliirh  he  will  suli~ci|iict»l>-  speak.  It  was 
•  ul  till  iii.  re  lucos.iry  to  tlimw  this  w<  II 
int..  tin  forefront,  as  Mime  nf  the  Coriii- 
tln.-.ii-  apix.ir  to  h.ive  cli.illenKed  ,ir  iKiir,-- 
ciat.  il  his  apostlcship.    .h,t  /       an  <j/>,. ,(■//.■.)' 

J.  And  ''.iu!  ,iss,„i,,i,suitli  hiinself  Sos- 
thenes,  win. in  he  cli-.  the  brother.  \\  In. 
this  ni.in  was.  w,-  ,ann,it  hi-  sure,  as  the 
name  w:is  in.t  mu-. .tnnii m  it  is  n,,t  iiiiii,.s.i. 
I>le  that  lie  Is  to  he  i<U  iitilM  i|  wiih  the  nil.  r 
of  the  syiiaKoKue  iiuiitii mc.l  ni  .\cts  xmh, 
I/.  If.  as  has  hirn  ci.ni^ctiireil.  he  w.is 
converted,  alt,-  the  departure  ,if  I'anl  from 
Corinth,  hy  tiu  preachinn  of  Aiwllos.  there 
would  be  a  peculiar  propriety  about  the 


Mil  iitn  n  oi  Iniii  lu  re,  coiisiderint{'llie  parly 
-I'iril  winch  e\is|e,|  m  L.iriiith.  ,,n,l  ..,„i.|, 
I  .ml  laK     :i  \^r\  carlv  iip|Mirtiiiiit\  ot  r. 
hukmi,'      .r.   UM.    AjKilhis  was  i,',,  ru  il 
and  Ins  ciuerts  I'.ml  rei;,ir,l<,|  as  Iriends. 
in  any  cas,-,  .S, ,si h, m  s  niust  h.ue  lueii  a 
person  of  sonic  imp.  .m. ami  the  n.iiiiinn 
of  hitn  at  the  h.-mmimi;  o|  ih,.  j,  tt.  r,  father 
than  at  the  end,  .in.l  m  nmncili.ite  con- 
junction with  Paul's  own  n.  me,  shows  ihit 
he  IS  not  to  be  reKar.led  as  a  nu  r,'  am  in 
uensis,  but  that  he  shared,  if  not  in  the  coni- 
p<isiiii.n  of  the  Ifttt-r  tist  pers.,  .sm^  „ 
used  in  I.  4,  lo;  plu.  in  vcr.         at  any 
rate  in  its  .scntinieiits. 

rhe  letter  is  addressed  tO  tflt  Cliarch  of 
God.  the  i-i\l,sui.  which  h.-»d  Inen  ,all,-ii  by 
U,<,\  out  ot  the  wi.rhl.  and  which  bchrtiKcil 
I"  Hini.  Ihe  church  includes  all  ulu>  call 
ufon  III,-  )(„»/,•  „f  thr  /.„»•(/  J.-uis  Christ  in 
every  f'lacc,  but  it  has  also  local  centers; 
an, I  tlif  si„,i[,c  ,Kst,„,,ii..n  ot  tin,  I,it,r  is 
llic  ;h  :ich  which  existed  .md  llonrished  in 
Connth.  Ihe  chnrdi  of  (.,.,1  ni  (  oriiith  ' 
the  words  s,,i,i  lik.-  a  c mlradicti, .ii  ,.r  a 
dream,  torii  tli.  the  home  of  i,|ol,,trv  .,iid 
iinniiirahty,  an  iinmor.ility  m  .ic  .:!il.:Lh:nK 
perha-  .  tli.in  in  am  otlu  r  p.irt  i.l  dn-,-,  ,■■ 
yet  th.  chiir,  h  of  („„1  ,|;,-r,..  .\c.,;n.  i|,  ,t' 
church  isv.rv  far  ii..,,,  |„  |,,^  ,|., ,,,!,[ 

I'l-:    Paul   h.,s    to  r.|".it,.!U  ,„„1 

earnestly  its  disputations  spirit  aiul  its  low 
Ideals.  All  the  more  reinark.ihlc.  ih,  r.  i,  ,. 
are  the  chaste  and  lofty  words  in  win,  h  1,,^ 
procei  ds  to  ,lescril)e  the  Corinthian  chnr.  h 
It  consists  ,,|  „„.„  who  have  been  sancti- 
fied m  Christ  Jesus,  th.it  is,  who  have  he  ti 
M-parate.l  ir,.m  the  w.irld,  and  made  holv 
n.it  so  much  hy  llim  a-  in  Him,  that  is! 
thnmnh  ahi,|iiiK  in  linn.  And  just  as  Pud 
was  calKd  to 

no  h  ss  re.dly  called  to  this  life  of  hoUneu. 
I  ,.ns„|ermR  the  real  M.ite  .,f  the  Corinthi.m 
church,  as  ,liscln>ed  hv  tins  epistle,  Paul's 
npeated  em|.hasis  on  its  holiness  sounds 
strange;  but  we  have  to  remember  that  he 


10 


I  CORINTHIANS. 


[Ch.  1 


Grace  be  unto  you.  and  peace,  from 
Cud  onr  Father,  and  from  the  Lord  Jesus 
Christ. 

4   I  thank  my  God  always  on  your  la- 


half,  fur  the  grace  of  God  which  is  given 
you  bv  Jesus  Christ; 

5  That  in  every  thing  ye  are  enriched 
\iy  him,  in  all  utterance,  and  in  all  knowl- 
edge ; 


is  >iK'akiiiK  lure  i>i  thi-  diiirili  ;is  .i  wlu'lo, 
not  of  inihvidual  nienibiT>,  and  again  tliat 
he  is  contemplating  the  church  on  its  ideal 
bide.  Despite  its  grave  blenii.shes,  it  docs 
not  cease  to  be  a  church,  so  long  as  its 
members  are,  in  some  real  sense,  iii  Christ. 

It  is  singular,  lint  im  d'Uibt  intenti' m.il, 
that  i'anl  slicmUl  ii^'l  evtnid  ht-  gnilings 
to  the  Corinthian  iliiiroli  alutic,  Iml  iliat  lir 
associates  with  ili.it  iliiirili  all  who  in  any 

J lace  call  upon  the  name  of  our  Lord 
esus  Christ.  The  first  rrlmki'  that  I'anl 
admini^liTs  t"  the  snli.'nal  .mikI  jiarty 
spinl  lit  Ih.-  l  onnllii.iii^  (  \  i  r.  lotl'.  i. 
Here  he,  as  it  were,  aihnoniNhes  thcni  in 
.■iil\ani-v'  .tiiil  h\  inipluMlMii,  ).;iiit;>  r.niind- 
iiri;  ihiin  tlia;  I'hniih,  wlii.l.  tluy  wirr 
(h^nicmhrnni;  hy  thi-ir  (hu-ums,  wa>  a 
grial  and  Mniiri--ni'  niiity.  Willi  a  sriipo 
and  a  iiunihi  r^liip  l.ar  hi>cinil  ihenisilvi  -, 
and  lliat  it  eiiihran  d  ail  wh<i  aokiiow  ledgid 
the  lordship  of  Je>iis.  To  make  this  point 
Mill  more  pl.iin,  iie  adds,  theirs  and  ours. 
Some  take  tiiis  phrase  witli  the  word  pla.  c 
—  Ill  t\i'ry  fliiic,  llii-irs  ivul  ours:  but  thi^ 
is  tame.  The  nuMnmu  -I'cni^  rathrr  to  lie, 
tlh'ir  Lord  and  riirs:  and  tin-  |i!ira>-.'  i-  a 
deluale  niiunder  that  the  one  Ji--iis  is 
Lord  of  all. 

3.  The  names  of  the  writiTs  and  of  the 
people  ai|ilri~-i'd  are  follnutd  liy  llir  i.;rri  t- 
in'4  pr. '|u  i  Grace  be  to  you  and  peace 
from  God  our  Father  and  the  Lord  Jesus 
Christ.  <.'.;.  t-  is  ihr  l.ning  la\iir  of 
(IimI.  whhli  i-^ut's  ill  ,■  fur  tiic  iiicii 
who  .iir  .n^i-|oii^  of  it.  jo  a  rhnr.  h  torn 
li\  iirniial  il>-rn-i' 'ii^.  xht-  nnli.ii  pr:i\i  r 
fur  Pi  W'lnid  lie  ^pici.iUy  .appropn.iti'. 
The  iKlini.iIf  ^iii;ii-i'  of  till-.  Kfai'v  and  pt  aie 
IS  duiiu  II  cm  only  •.•••v.w  Iroiii  (i.id  and 
Jisii-  (,1iii-t.  It  1^  \iry  Munitii-aiit  that 
tlu-^e  two  name-,  cm  be  ihn--  ~it  togetiier 
under  tiie  government  of  .i  single  preposi- 
tion. Tliis  CO  ordination  of  the  names  is 
a  subtle,  bnt  signiticant  evidence  that  I'anl 
conceived  of  je^ns  a->  oci'npying  an  alto- 
gether iini(pie  relation  to  (In,! 

Incidentally,  one  cannot  help  noticing 
in  this  section  1  ii  liu  rnportatiee  attached 
to  a  ilivine  call.  It  i«  the  oonscioiisiii-.  of 
his  call  to  t>c  an  a|>os|le  that  gives  to  rani's 
career    :l-    ■,T:;:!y.    .;:;i:    I-'  W>r<i-  tliv^r 

aiithorit>  >!!i!i!arly  the  lite  work  of  any 
man  may  he  done  witli  cuncetitration  anil 


enthusiasm  if  it  be  begun  and  continued  in 
the  iiis|)iration  of  such  a  call.  .And  again 
tb)  there  are  here  suggested  the  marks  of 
a  true  churcli.  Its  members  are  men  who 
are  sanctified  by  union  with  Jesus  Christ, 
who  acknowledge  I  Inn  as  Lord,  and  the  aim 
of  whose  life  is  holmess. 


iw/Tissrs  his  f;ralitiidi'  /.ir  tlii'  );ifts 
of  Al'ai't'  enjoyed  by  the  Corintliian  tJiris- 
lians  (i.  4-9). 

4,  5.  I'anl  l)i;;iiis,  as  is  Ins  cnstoiii,  with 
a  ii'  le  of  th.ink-giviiig ;  ;iiid  -o  utterly  st  lf- 
K -s  i>  his  lifr.  that  his  recorded  thanks- 
guiiigs  an-  nearly  always  expressii .ns  of 
gratitude  lor  wli.it  God  lias  done  h'r  ollirrs 
—  as  here,  I  thank  God  continually  con- 
cerning you  (ver.  4).  This  introductory 
expression  of  his  solemn  joy  in  the  Corin- 
thian church  is  peculiarly  .skilful  and  tact- 
ful, as  so  much  of  the  subsetpient  letter  is 
occupied  with  reproof  of  their  shortcom- 
ings :  he  wins  their  good  will  at  the  outset 
l'>  hi-  fr.iiik  recngnition  of  their  Christian 
altainnu'iit'-.  lit-  wa-  grateful  because  of 
the  grace  of  God  which  was  given  to  you 
in  Christ  Jesus  —  not  hy  Jesus,  a^  .\.  V. 
le.ids:  this  IS  to  miss  the  trnlli  tli.it  the 
eiaie  was  (kpeiideiil  npou  union  wnh  llini. 
\\  li.it  r.'.iil  piiii-r'y  n.eans  hy  u'i'ii'  is 
made  pi. nil  hy  liu-  lu \t  cl.i'i-r:  (I  mean), 
that  in  everything  ye  were  enriched  in 
Him  (ver.  5  1--i;i;;.in  with  (  hn-t  had  ex- 
I'.itnlrd  .iiiil  ein  u'lu  d  tin  ir  ii.ituri  .  i-pei  i.illy 
in  utterance  of  every  kind  and  knowledge 
of  every  kind:  that  is,  it  h.id  toiu  ht  d  ,iiid 
i|iiiekeiuil  thiir  naiiir.al  jiowers  ui  1  \pre«- 
sioii  and  nisiiiht.  I  lie  liniks  h.id  for  cen- 
turies, been  f.iiiions  as  speakers  and 
thinkers,  and  the  intbience  of  Christ  is 
manifest  in  the  new  powi-r  th.it  h.is  eoino 
to  them  in  both  tliose  dirietioiis;  they  have 
a  ru-lii T  powiT  of  .ipprelieiiding  truth,  and 
of  e\pri  ssiiij,'  the  truth  they  apprehend.  Or 
prrli.ips  it  Is  sitiintieant  that  I'anl  speaks 
!  I  re  111  the  past  tense:  the  gift  nvs  given. 
I  and  tluy  Ti'ivv  cnncluil.  The  present  con- 
j  dition  iif  the  church  leaws  nuu-h  to  be 
(lesired,  as  wi'  see  from  the  imniM'Mtr  -e- 
ip'"'' :  ''inil  ''  IS  peril. ips  Mininriii-  iii.it  I'.iiil 
:;•■■?-   -|-t!  i  :.::oW 'edj^e.     1 ':e  ghb- 

tongned.  iiiiiiiiie  w  itted  Greeks  were  ever 
I  ready  for  an  argtiinent. 


1  (  UKINTIIIANS. 


H 


(i  I'lvfH  as  tlio  testimony  of  Cliri^t  w.is 
(.■<'iitirim.<l  in  yuii: 

7  Sii  that  i-oini'  liciiiiul  in  no  yiit  ; 
u.iitinjr  lor  the  ominiK  of  our  LonI  Jf-u-; 
Christ  : 

S    W  ho  shall  aKo  contlnn  yon  tnito  thf 


end,  tluit  Vi"  »".»v  Iw  liianu  li^s  ni  the  day  of 
our  Lord  Josns  Christ. 

<t    (ii'd    IS    I'.iillilul.   Ii>  vr  u,i, 

e.i!l<-<i  tnito  ihi-  Iclli .« >hiii  of  hw  S..n  Jv  mi^ 
t  iiri'-t  cuir  l.i)rd. 


6-8.  \<<u  Wire  iiirirhr.I.  .,iy-  i'.i'i!.  in- 
asmuch as  the  testimony  concerninK 
Christ,  ili.ii  i>,  thi  was  confirmed 

among  you  or  in  you  —  winiht  r  tii.ii  icn- 
tirniaimn  t<"ik  some  external  form  as,  i- 
.  f  nnraile-  wrouyht  by  the  -luril  U't.  dal. 
ill.  5),  or  showed  il-eif  as  deep  inner  con- 
\u-tion  and  lu  w  "f  tiiueki  iied  spiritual 
l'.nver>:  tiie  u..riN  iliat  |m!|.,w  pirhap^ 
rather  suRKe^t  thi-  latter  mterpi  Uatii  iii.  So 
tlie  eon^i  (|iienee  of  thi>  e. 'iilirni.il  n  mi  was 
that  there  is  no  endowment  of  grace  in 
which  you  feel  yourselves  behind.  1.  t 
lij^  e.iiiM  :,.n~ii,  >-,,u!.l  ..nl>  lie  inaiulaiurd 
1  y  liMii-  ihiir  h.art>  up.ui  tlie  helter  tiiiiiL; 
In  \iilid.  i:;m.u  thr  i'i!l  iin:  ,  \  i: ^  ,.\  (".v.; 
\\h,u    lie    ■.]■:. .11!,!    ,■..!!, I-  -  : 

tlu'V  earne-tl\  Ir.oked  fiirward.  patiently 
awaiting  the  coming  of  our  Lord  Jesus 
Christ  I  M  r.  -  I.  ,\iitl  -.in;.  J,  -u-  t  iu  i-t 
m  u  li'.ii!  tin  y  h.iil  li.  ,  11  I'll,  il  .m.l  ,11- 
riehed  ni  tin.  |i.i-t,  1^  lli  who  will  also  t>'r 
the  luture  confirm  you,  e\eii  till  the  end 
i'i  tins  dwpen^ati.'n  lth.it  is.  till  |  K-  ,-.inu^ 
;;u:an;  1,  and  will  ensure  that  no  charge  be 
laid  against  you  in  the  day  of  our  Lord 
Jesus  (Christ)  uhen  lie  conies  in  jiidi^- 
iiu  ut  — a  piira-e  niod.'lled  on  the  Old  Te,- 
tariii  iit  (/>;.v  ,//  tit,-  l  o,d  or  Jehovah.  1  lie 
..//.!  at  the  l)ei;inniiiu  of  \,-r.  S  has  lic'u 
■'  '■'>'!  I'V  s.aiir  to  (i-  ,1,  lli..  ijinini.l 
lli.i'.  Il'  u  referrrd  t..  (  In  iniinr,!i;iti- 
.iMli  iMlelit.   the    -1  nil  tier   w..:;Iil   ni-'ir  !■ 

mil  ill  this  ,!,iy  iii-t' ,id  "f 
'/     III-  /..'/././,■.». i.v     ilnt   i^.iiii-!  t'!:~,  11  li.,- 

''<<    !i'rii,ail  ih.il,  !ii  ilii  .,■  ..]u  1,1.)^  \rr-i 
naiii,    1. 1    til.-    I...i-.l    I.         ...  .■>:!--    !.  n 
'■■■'<       .  ■hM.'ii-'y    n  p.  .II.  .!    V,  :!|.    ,|,  ^l,,  ,-,,t, 
aiiil  -.  lenm  einpluiMs;  niure  piuhably  tlier< - 


'  t'Te  the  r.  /).'   r.  h  i  -,         n   i,„,  ,|  n.itnr.illv 
•I'  v  CliriM. 

j  9-  '  'a'li  i>  -MIT  tii.iI  (  'il!  )  I  i  l  ..■  ,i  .,t 
Ills  eoniinii.  wi:i  .!•.  th:-  >  •  1 
tliian  Cliri~iiati>.  Iiei-.m-,  God  is  taitlitul. 
I  le  i>  true  111  I  liniMit,  t, .  II  ].  1 ;  ,  ■. . 
those  whi.ni  lie  .mIN.  It  u  1  through 
Him  ye  were  called.  111-.  pmp.  ,  m  ,  .il 
iut:  .vi.ii  e  iuimt  lie  IniM ran  d  ;  ami  i.l..  .lu  nee 
'' '  '  ill  has  hrmmht  vmi  into  the  fel- 
lowship of  His  son.  Jesus  Christ  our 
Lord:  ih.it  is.  ti^.  u;i,,uship  ,-si.ih!ished 

li>  .iial  eeiit.riii'.^  in  linn,  si.  thai  they 
sliare  the  lit",  uln  li  I  I,-  ln,  s  and  the 
hli  s,.n«s  wln.h  11,  1..,-  p.. , Mired.  I  hev.  in 
'•'■■■ly  nil  .  «  ;ll  li,-.  lik.    I  hill,  si  nis  ,  .|"(  „  ,d 

■1-'!  I;.  :i  -  I'l  !ii-.m  !■')  .^I.Tv  III  p. Ill,  ilii^ 
•>  -i"!!'        .lit  -  ady   re.ih/e.l.  f..t    aie  tli.-\ 

n.'t  -iiKfli.  .1  .ii„|  tiirelud  111  I  ,,n,| 
lis  lull  iniitii.n  Is  sure,  hecausi.  God  is 
faithful. 


i  h  -  i-  .1  triliKr  :in.!  l.i  ;r:!;|''il  iiiiri.ihh  - 
ti.ill  til  e.irne-l  u-nls  i.|  r,pi.„,|  \\lut\i 
arr  t..  i..'i.iu.  l;et'.,r.  d.-.uiui;  uijli  th.-ir 
sli..r!...;iiMiL;s,  ihr  .ip,.-!],.  i  .ip- 1', , ;  1  y  ae- 
Kn..\\ ;.  i|:;r-  h.t'i.r,-  (,.  ,1  ilu-  :>Miiy  -,tf-  .,iii| 
.ur.ie.-s  «  hieli  the  Ci  .run li ..n!  -  <  .u  ,  t, .  i  '  ■  i  • , 
.issiires  tlii-in  of  His  powi  r  to  keep  tin  iii 
free  from  ehar^^e  on  the  i;re.it  d.i>  ot 
.iuilutneiit.  ami  re-ts  his  ei ailideiu c  f..r  the 
iiUnn  oil  till-  luU-hty  i.f  (,,.,!  Ills  yl.mee 
-r..  ,-ps  a.-r..-s  the  .\e,irs  Imiu  the  d.iy'when 
•!ii  \  u.ri-  e.illrij  lo  Im-  saints  to  th.il  other 
'1  winn  tiiry  -li  d!  sfand  nuinipeai  hed 
■li -I  hi  iin.  '.  I  li,  )■•,  .-M  this  nispiriiiR 
\ '  •  -n  "I  i!.i  pi!  .11  d  I  iinre.  he  turns 
aliriiptly  to  the  k-s  lutly  present. 


12 


I  COKlN'TlllAXS. 


[C'u.  I 


THE  Al'OSTLK-S  KEBL  KE  Ol"  Tlli-  Sl'IKIT  OF  EACTIOX 

(i.  lO-iv.  21). 


10  Now  I  bfs.icli  ynii,  l)r.thrin.  by 
tin-  name  of  r)ur  l.ortl  Ji-^ii>i  Clirist,  tliat 
ye  all  >p>:ik  llie  same  lliiiiK.  aiid  th,it  llirrr 
ix-  no  (livi^inns  anvMin  \ou  ;  Imt  lluit  \r 
be  iKrfc.tly  i..nui|  ti.K'iluT  in  llic  >:\uu- 
miiul  anil  in  ilio  >anic-  jnilKinmt. 


r  it  liatli  biin  iK'i-larcil  unto  nu- 
in\   brothnn,  by  tlicin  ii/iii/i  an' 


II  i'l 
(if  vein, 
,■/   7/,-  Ji.  IIS,-  "I  ( 
liniion-i  anionn  y' 

!_■     Now   tllK  I 
~anli,  1  am  ( 


that  there  are  con- 

-ay.  that  cviry  one  of 
I'anl  ,  aucl  1  of  Apol- 


The  Corinthian  Parties  (ver.  io-i7)- 

10.   But,  brethren,  I  appeal  to  you. 

The  toiu-  cbanncs:  a  note  oi  uarmiiK  ami 
rcpriii'l  liryn.  to  be  sinuk.  Hiil  in  in^ 
Seventy,  r.iiil  il'"  -  not  l..it;rl  t'>  be  com  • 
tcoiis.  '  lliiiiiuli  the  cliarKe  lie  i>  alp"\it  M 
briiiK  a«aiii>t  tlie  Cornitliians  is  a  siii.'u- 
one.  tin  V  .ire  -nil  Ins  /'i, ■//;»,  ».  lint  lie  i- 
iii  ,|.  .ic|l\  .  ,11111  -1  ;  ami  lie  s,,l(iimly  be 
^ee^■|u  s  tiu  iii  by  the  n.ime  nl  llim  ill  whom 
thev  .ire  s.metilie.l,  and  mln  whu^e  lilhiW- 
^Inp  th.  A  h.ue  In  111  e.ill,  il  —  that  anKH-t 
II. mil  uiinh  he  hi-  aln.nly  reputed  ten 
time  .  the  name  of  our  Lord  Jtsus  Christ, 
tlu-  iiiie  l  .ml  "1  all  \>hn  e.ill  iipun  llini, 
ami  m  wh.'in  iliey  are  all  one  (ver.  lo). 
riiev  are  imleid  one  —  ideally  at  least —- 
but  they  aet  a>  if  they  were  a  sfonp  of 
IiarlK!.,  each  with  its  jiarty  >entitmiits  and 
party  cry:  so  I'anl  exhorts  them  in  the 
name  of  lluir  eoinmon  l.orcl,  that  ye  say 
the  same  thing,  one  and  all  of  you.  As 
it  was,  they  were  saying  dilYerent  tliini;^ ; 
one  was  saymt;.  "  I  .im  of  I'aiil,"  ;iiiiitlu  r, 
"Ami  1  of  am!  the  miit>  th.ii 

Oiinbl  to  mark  lii.  ehiiti  h  w.is  l»  ini;  im- 
perilled or  tle-tnmil  h>  the  spun  nt 
^clll>m.  'Ilie  posiiue  exholt.iti.in  to  .v.iy 
tlii-  .i.d/.'i'  thiiii:  1-  <  \;ire--e(l  iiri;,iti\ely  :ii 
the  ne\t  ei,i  :-e,  and  that  there  be  no  di- 
visions among  you.  ii\nf>ia  (sdiismi  is 
the  XM-rd  i;-i  'i  m  Mark  ii  .'l  V'l'  .a  rent  m 
a  I'leee  nl  elutli.  It  is  as  it  the  lair  n.ir- 
liu  nl  iif  the  vhnr.-h  were  hi  im;  u  iit  m 
(111  ees.  In  a  (lii  iMi.m  eliureh  tliere  i  >Mi;!it 
t,,  lie  I'll  ri  Ml  .  Ml-  ii  iheie  he,  it  miuh'  In 
be  lep.iitiil  .iiiil  .iiliM-tiil  Willi. Mit  ihl.iy.  Ill 
the  M  ill  Miri)^7icT^(ioi  the  nutaplior  of  the 
rent  1-  kepi  lip  1  beseech  you  that  there 
be  nil  s.  lii  -m-.  but  rather  that  ye  be  well 
adjusted  together  in  a  common  outlook 
and  a  common  judgment:  literally,  in  tlu- 
Siinit-  mind  niui  thr  sanic  ;H(/«i».iif  oi 
otinion.  There  should  be  a  iitiity.  I'anl 
tiree!?.  amonil  the  members  iif  the  clmri.h 
both  in  general  in.  nt.i!  dis^isitioii,  ;ind  iii 
their  juilRliieiils  ,,t  p.irtienlar  thini;s:  and 
there  will  be  this  unity,  if  they  give  Christ. 


by  whose  name  he  beseeches  them,  bis  true 
place  as  l.nrd. 

II.  r.iid  Is  n.>t  in.ikinn  1  •  eharwe 
merely  ull  he.irs.iy  ;  his  smirces  el  mlnrma 
li.iii  ,ire  reii.ihle  .and  he  is  not  alraid  I" 
nieiiii. Ill  them.  For  with  regard  to  you 
it  has  been  made  plain  to  me,  my 
brethren,  by  the  representatives  of  Chloe. 
.Xi.lice  a^am  (el.  \er.  lol.  the  cuiirlesy  and 
t,ut    with    whuh    he    pri-faces    hi>  formal 

ch.irvre  that  there  are  contentions  among 

you  w  ith  the  acknow  ledKmcnt  that  they  are 
his  bn-thit-n.  I  lie  loutfiiti.nis  explain  the 
ili:  isit>ns.  Some  such  vague  word  as  rr/"- 
it-scnlati'.cs  is  necessary  to  translate  the 
xague  Greek  phrase  "  thnse  of  Chl<K-."  as 
we  have  iio  means  of  knowinn  whether 
they  were  childriii,  ser\ant-.  ..r  a'.^enis. 
We  do  not  even  know  who  Cliloc  was  or 
ti)  what  city  she  beloiigeil.  Cle.irl>  sli,- 
was  siinie  iilie  wh.i  carried  weight  with  the 
( irlnllii.-ins,  ;is  Paul  dues  not  e\i>eet  the 
testini'iii)  i>f  luT  represeiilatiM  -  l'>  he  cli.il- 
lelij-ed.  Sh.-  aiipe.irs  t.  ■  h.i\e  h>  en  a  wnni.m 
Icitlier  of  ('urinlli  nr  .il  h  pilu  siis.  the  city 
in  w  hich  I',;  il  u  1 1  .te  —  nn  ire  pruh.ihly  l  iihe-_ 
siis.  as  C'nriril'iiaii  evidenct'  on  tlu-  nf 
I  parties  at  (.'.irmtli  wnnl.l  ha\e  been  upeii 
p.  sM-puuMi.  Ill  thai  ea-e,  Ihhie-  repre- 
I  s,  utai i\ ,  s,  \\h.n  \er  they  were,  must  ha\e 
spent  siiine  time  m  (  nrinth. 

12.  Taiil  at  I'liie  pruceeds  to  make  his 
meamiii;  pirlecily  cie.ir.  What  I  mean,  be 
s.ivs.  is  this.  Every  one  of  you  is  takiiiK 
SI  I,  s  t)iu  is  saying,  I  belong  to  Paul; 
another,  1  to  Apollos;  another,  I  to 
Peter;  another,  I  to  Christ.  This  partisan 
spirit  in  the  church  niii^t  have  seemed  to 
r.iul  a  matter  of  grave  and  even  vital  im- 
portance, as  he  imts  it  in  the  very  fore- 
front of  Ins  leltir.  M.niy  questions  c.iiher 
round  ;his  famous  vei-e.  Were  there  four 
p.irlies  in  (".inmli  ..r  three  (i>niittiiiK  / 
of  Christ  as  the  nloss  of  a  copyist,  or  even 
.111  asiile  of  I'.i'il  himsclfl  or  uere  there 
unly  two— th.it  iif  I'. lid  .md  .Xiiollos  em- 
hraenin  the  tieniiK'  riiriM!.ms.  tiiu  ..i 
I'eti  r  and  C'hn-I  emhracini:  the  Jew  ish 
Christians?    Were  these  groups  parties  at 


Ch.  I] 


I  CORINTHIANS. 


13 


lo'i :  .iiiil   I  of 
IJ  Is  Christ 


divided  ? 


and 
was 


I  "t  llirist. 
Paul  cruci- 


fied for  you?  or 
name  of  Paul? 


were  ye  hapti-.,!  in  the 


.ill  in  the  ordinary  sense  of  ilie  w.inl?  Did 
lluy  differ  essentially  in  (Incirim  —  that 
I'anI  and  Apollos,  for  example  —  or  u.i, 
the  preference  of  the  nietnlnrs  personal 
rather  than  doctrinal?  \\  l:.fi  w.i^  the 
Christ-party?  It  would  he  very  natural  lor 
convert,  to  regard  with  special  affection 
tli'  nian  win.  had  hrouyht  to  them  the 
knowledge  of  Chn-t.  and  tliere  ui.idd  |„. 
a  tendency  to  re,t;ard  hi-  preM  iii.n .,  ui  ol  l!ie 

pel  a.  exhauMive  and  e\eliiM\e.  Ihi. 
Ien<leniy  ui.nM  in  eert.iin  ca^es  heconie  a 
fart,  the  ni  Miunl  anotlu  r  pre-eiiiali..n  iii- 
Irfdl  (he  ti.ld.  Alter  th,  drp.rfu,-  ,,f 
I'anl  from  Corinth,  tlu'  hrilliant  Ap  ' 
had  appi..red,  and  there  woiiM  he  i..:,e 
woniler  It  hiN  elo(|neriee.  ancl  ph i'. ...  .pliy  loo 
perhaps,  h.id  d,i//lrd  .1  pe,i|i!,-  uho'h.id 
over  heeii  fond  of  orap.rual  .li-pl.iv  :  .and 
it  would  he  very  iiatur  d  11.  ni  the  i"'>r.  ..f 
sr>nie,  he  h.ul  over^hadoued  t!ie  api.^le 
whose  amhition  was  to  present  hi-  ni.  -siije 
with  simplicity  r.ntlier  than  with  eh M|ii,iue. 
■  '•iiihtle-s  the  aNera^o  (■oriiithi.,!)  wi.^Id 
ha\e  heen  more  impre>Ned  hy  Ap-llo,  tliaii 
h>  I'anl;  and  whde  th(»e  who.  iiniler  (iod, 
owed  their  -Old  ti>  Paul,  would  he  fattlifui 
'"  '  "'i  aeeept  the  uo-pel  in  th.-  form 

'■'  "!ii<h  he  had  (irr^enled  it.  ih.-re  vv.mhl 

"!hers  who  i)referred  .Xpolio^  and  his 

1'''  ,,f   It.       I  hll-   the   dOI.  i,  n.  ,•  hr- 

usern  !h,-e  tun  «ro!i|,..  th'.ii-h  prohahlv 
per-  nal  rather  th.m  cl..elnn.il,  was  thor- 
o:iclil>  real  and  h.idc^  f.itr  to  he  seri..!i>. 

'hit  rial  th!-  dilferenee  w.i-.  it  was 
h--  rache.d  than  thai  h.-lueen  e:llier  of 
th.M'  p.irtie-  ,ind  ih,  ,,ili,r  tw.     i'.oi!  ant! 

\poli,is  stoo.l  toyelher  f.T  (ieiitiie  (  hr:-- 
liainty  :  the  iian>  ..I  1',  1.  r  ,.r  C  e|ih..-. 
a-  he  i-  always  ( .  \eepi  ni  ( ,al  n  7,  i" 
eaHeil  in  the  r.aiiline  ,  ;i;-iK  -  I  >  f  I  ,,ih  ;i 
<)l  -  repre>eut<  .1  rallirr  .hu:~h  l  iiri.- 
tiamty:  the  very  word  d'/'lhis  on  Creek  hp- 
sUKUe-l-  P;de-tini;iu  ormm.  I  lu-  pai!\ 
pn.hahly  adopted  a  -Irieter  attumle  to  the 
law.  and  w<.id(l  melnde  Jew-  and  dre.k 
I'r.-elyle-  who  had  eomieeted  theni-ehe- 
w  ilh  the  ->!ia,«.ii;ue.  I  he  nature  of  the 
<  hn-t  p.irty  i-  nii.r.  ditVicnlt  to  deleritiiue. 
I  lUK  h^ht  can  he  Kaiiied  fre.iu  j  Cot,  x.  7. 
.1-  th..-i-  there  h.ri-i  t-.  h,  "of  ciiri-t '■ 

are  ii'.l  nee. --.inly  ih.  -  ,11,,  a-  tli.-e  ;d- 
hiiled  t.i  her.-  The  nneii  n-  ..f  thi-  parly 
•ii.iy  have  heen  -..me  of  tho-e  wh..  ha. I  -e.  n 
!!',e  I...i,i  I  -  I.  or  it  in.iv  li.u,. 
Coll-i-te.|  ,,(   il„,.,.   uh..-,.   u,,!.h»..id  ua- 

Baek  to  I  hri-t."  h.iek  liexond  lli-  luun.m 
mmivter-  t»  the   Lord   llitn^eif.    Hut  t,> 


m.ite  thi-  a  party  ery,  to  lirnn;  Him  mi.i 
e..nipetiii.in  wuh  r.ml,  Ap..!l..-  an. I   1'.  ler, 

ehiiin  f..r  a  -inL;le  m.i  ih,'  m.  ,11,  ,|„  il\ . 
It  w.  re,  of  (  hn-t.  H.i-  !..  h,-  i:iiiliv  .1  tlie 
w.ir-t  -.-.  I  o  ian;-in  i.|  !'  :  n  u  .1-.  ,1  -  ,1 
(ireek  father  >ai<l,  to  pLu  <  the  Master  and 
Ills  !.er\;uits  up-ui  the  s.ani.'  hi  el  (  hi;-t 
IS  over  all  and  heloiiKs  I.,  all,  "their  l-r.l 
ami  ours  ■■  ( ver.  j). 

«3-  As  Paul  considers  the-e  p.aru.-, 
u1m~;.  erie-  are  rin.nniK  m  hi-  e.ir-,  his 
-  iiil  !-  Mirre.l  with  h.ily  iii.hmi.ition.  Has 
Christ  been  divided?  he  iiiipeiuou-ly  a-ks. 
I  hi-    -eiil.  lu  e    in.iy    also    he  tr.iiislated 

.alii!  matu  ely I  is    tlu-n  dhtdid!  

hal  ..-  a  ipu-li.in  it  i-  niu.  Ii  in.>re  vittorous 
.mil  .Ir.ini.ilii-.  .and  tl  .ih~,  n,  .■  .  .f  u  h 
M"?  as  iiitrocluces  the  11,  xt  (piestii.u  is  110 
"'•ji'>-li'.n.  (hi:-!  hihaiL;.,!  to  the  wh-U' 
ehiir.-li— _v,-  (  ,;'.f.  ,,i,  _  ||,. 
u.i-  1     iil;  .■!,iin:.-,|  h\    .•,  -,  ,  ii.  ti  ..f  it.     (  Ip 

It     -.■eme.l     .1,     1  l'     (   III  .  -t     \.  ,  ;  ,      ir.l  •'.  •  ^ 

i/i,,r,-.f  _  the  Chri-I  a-  .  \p,  ,1  m.!,-.  1  In  r.ml 
di'l'  rein  ir^iiii  ihr  (  !,;  i,i  ,  -1  ,i,  ,1  1^ 
.\po;i..-  I  r  I'.  I.  r      1  !;;-  ],,i:!...,ii  u  a"- 

p.  ri!.,i.-  in  lu..  .hreel!..ii.  it  .h-tt.iete.l  al- 
lenti.in  tr..in  I'le  eeiiir.i!  l.i  I-  -Ir.'ni 
Chri-t,  lli-  work,  and  m  p.iiii.ul.ir  lli- 
cr.'-s,  wineh  P.aul  ininu  .h.ii.  i\  in.  no. .11-; 
.and  hy  empha-i/ini;  the  ehiir.  h  h  ,  ,h  i  ..  u 
liM.l-  t.i  Klorvmg  in  men,  in-l<,iil  .■!  m  the 
e.i  (  \i-r.  .511. 

.\  lliini.;  oaild  more  sfrikiuulj  illn-trate 
the  i:in.|iie  .lU.I  central  imp.  .rt.iiu'e  .att.ieheil 
hy  r.,Ml  to  the  CP'--  ..i  (  hn-t  th.m  the 
p..-iti,in  h.-  a-i^;^l-  11  h.  r^  I  llllue.|l.lle!v 
.ltI.  r  111,-  ip.iitioti  III  (         •  ,    .!:,  ,  the  men' 

ti.  n  ol  h:  Was  it  Paul  that  was 

CRUCIFIKD  for  you?- an. 1  ih.  ,;,  m  -, , 

limi  (  \\    i.'S  j;  1       ririi,  !i  .i,  i,,i,  d  f.  .1  .li- 
•■'  Ill        tlie  f.iei-  ill  iho 

e  irl!i;>  e.,r,.  r  ,,1  i  hn-1.  tin-  w.i-  th.-  'i  -  t 
-iKinti.Mnl  :  ..lid  the  th-ii^hl  i.|  it.  h.,.1  it 
'd  ihe  p:,i.,-  in  t!i.'  (  m  :i:i  Ini.,  mai.!  t.i 
W  !ll'-h  !!  W.,-  ellll'le.l.  w. h,r.e  ,..,„!.  n  .| 
■ill    di--.  n-i:  .:i    ,.t  ,,ii-,,  .:,lv    .,,,,1  ,11, 

It    '.v  I-    1    ■!    .1   111,  ir   .i.  ,1th.   hut  a 

de.ith  f..r  them.    II,   w  ,i,  ,  rneiti.  .1  ^.;   \  .,n 
—  and  Paul  reieet,  with  li..rr..r  ih.-  ih.iiit;!it 
that  he  or  .\|i..'h,-  ,,r  P,  t.  r  ..r  .-.nv  on.-  hut 
(  liri-t  Could  h  i\e  .iii.nni  d  the  '■•!., 'v  i!i, 
tmetioii  ,,f  "dvim,;  i,,r  dur  -m-.'  .,,  n 
put  iu  x\  ! 

It  i-  iii.i, -...^hy  lhat   P;,,d  J;;  re  -inch - 
out    the   er..--   and   h.ipti-m   as   the  two 
tlniii;-  that  uive  Chri-t  His  exdn-ive  .-laiiu 
t.>  the  alh-LMaue.'  of  the  (■  .rmtlnau  Chri- 
lians  — Hi-  Ikuir  eru.ihe.l  f..r  them  and 


14 


I  (OKI  NT  I  MANS. 


[Ch.  I 


I.,-:  1«-i.lrs  I  know  not  wlK-thcr 


,4    I   tb.-ink  (■„.,!  llMt    I   iMi't, ,-.■.!  n.'iu 
of  VMii.  bill  i;ri>)>n-  aii.l  <..iri-; 

,5  I.....  any  .Ih,,,),!  ..v  thai  1  lu.l  l.ap-    ^  ^ 
ti/..l  111  iiinu    ...•■u  >Mii;.  „,i„,l,i    ,,f  u-!  N.  U-t  the  .'n-s  ol  Clin^t  should 


1  Stii'li.iii 

1  ii.'i    ■]  ■■■lu  r 

I-    l-,,r   I  hii-t   ->iit  1"-  ti"t  to  liaiill/c. 

lifl  'it  vvitli  vviMloin 


l,;„,n-n!   int..   ill-  °^ 
,nto  the  name  of  Paul  that  ye  were  bap- 
tized?    I  !  .  ii  ii'i'  ' 
,„  .„i.  u.u  rnpiuatol  111  the  liapilMiial  l-r- 

,„„;.,•  o.>i-..,>!.-iit!>  til.-  r.  .•..mm. on  «'"••!« 
these  lea.lers  rre^^ue.!  ill  <--.^  '• 

ah-nr.l    .'ni.       .-all.lal. -n -      \;       ■  ■  ■ 
l,,nm-r  •!.•.,        an  t.a..r.,!a  .,|  .M..1.  ^nwu. 
K,  ^^a.  .i..t  >  .  m  n- .  an.l  haptiMn  ^Mi-  Mni- 
i,|v  into  the  naim^  ..1  •  h'  i^'- 

■|4-l6.    At  tlii-  I.'. .11!   u  .■.-.•i-r 
tl,,,i  ,t  is  a  111. 111.  r  t..  1>.-  I'.iaiiki 
1„    1,.,-.  Ill  his  iiiiii!-n\  ani..n- 
tr  ..1  hini-.:i'  ...  -tnelh   \-  \<u- 

h.-  ha.l  •.■!.!-iii  1-1-11."  .  Ihi 
i  ,>i.!iiK-.,ii-ii  1-r  llieir_  1'. 
:i  iMi  ly     .1.;.  r  V  aiii-h. 


t.i 


'a'll 
that 


tlulll.  ' 

Hi-.;. 


.1 


1 


all.! 

i!u- 
-ar.l 
I  am 

tlnnkful   he  sa  v  > "  .  -  .me  M  SS.  ;uUl  to  God  I 
t  tat  not  one  of  you  d.d  I  bapt./e  except 
Crispus.      1..1I1U1-  ir.hr  ..f  the  ^yiiaKognc 
(  \>i.  Nvm.  .Si,  and  Gams   '  p...  .ah.y  a 

ru-l,  iM,,hi.aii.  t.r  «h..iu  the  h......rah  e  .hiiy 

V,,  .m.  .-.anr,nu  the  ^..ests  ...  the  (  hm.!. 
v^as  .,--i.^iie,l  .l<...n.  NM.  -.V  (Kaiii-ay 
in  I  ,/•....//. -r.  l^.  hv.  i'^"'.  p.  "".'•    ^  "  !■• 

_-"i.sI  .mv  "He  s!„„ll,l  s.iy.  ,!.•        -l-  ...,s  as 

if    I'aiil    lia.l   .Mih-raiel)    re  t  r,..;  a.l  in.ui 

't.mi,.  his  ,„,  ..,-.   ihi-     -•"--■  - 

b.s  nuaimiu    h.    1-  ill  -  ly  '■M'l'  --;^  - 
uratn.i.h  at  th.  r...M.hra-.-  nub 
o.iisei..nsly  V<  hlm-elt.  he  .i..\\  s.  i-s  lia\. 
lua-i.  watelmij;  ..\.r  h.s  n;mi-ny.  U-^yu^ 
;„„,  ,.an  ahn..st  mvariabV-  n,a  .  tp.iii  bap- 

„,.^  b.s  e....v.  11-.       that  none  ..1  ^  ■  •. 
•ibU  t..  say  that  it  was  into  my  name  that 
you  were  baptized  1  ..r.  i  -  1      I  lun  as  an 
?llertho..ub;      p.iliai  s    -.u«.  le.l   by  Me- 

j,.,  •,•  ,  N  ,  •    ii.  171  ■  ■  111-  vemem- 

1  ,  '"'l  also  bapti/cd  the  household  of 
Stephanas:  if  there  be  any  othe|  beside 
'  :      ,     !  ,  til,  re  arc  none  — I  do  not 

remember  them.  . 

I  I;,,  u'h.ile  ...lie  ■  1  th.^  releretiee-  t.. 
bapii-m  sh..us  Ibal,  lh...ii;h  I'.ml  riu/^.~ 
tl,'.  rr.e  as  ..l  i;ie,it  i.iip. .rtaiiee  t  v .•r.  1  w  lu 
,l,..s  not  lav  a.iy  Mres,  .11.0...  lus  l-:";^^;;;''^';^ 
„,,„,n.s,rat..m  of  .1  For  it  was  not  to 
baptize  that  Christ  sent  me.  but  to  tell 
the  good  news.    The  ^^uras  a-arnv., 

of  ver  I.    This  then  was  the  ..bject  ..t  h.s 
calhnu  to  the  ai...stl.  shM.  -    .i-i  i"  •»'iiii" 
ister  sacraments,  but  to  preach.    Here  I'at.l 


P 


i;.,,!...  s.ibtK  an.l  alm-sl  ii.s.  ..sibly  .n...  his 
:;e.'...d'    eharue     .-.ua-.-st     the  t..rn,th.a., 
I  br.r.h-tlun-  I..^e  ...  rlufru^a    an.l  pln- 
l..s,|,lueal  .iispl.u.  wliieh   t.H'K.l  t;'  l"akt 
,l„,ii  nnsnii.l.  r-.an.l  ..r  .lepr.a.ate  the  lUe,- 
.,.-e..t  i:-,e  e,..-s,     Ih-ni.-sa^e      I, ,  p_rc'..ell, 
.,.,1  Ih.-  pre.i.  hmu  ha.  t..  be  not  in  Wlsdom 
of  word.    l'...'...ibly  .•.(.../..,()  here  refers  as 
,„  '.ii  t..  the  l.'r.n  as  p.  the  Mib-l  nu,'  .•! 
f.c  preseiilatinii:  111  .nlier  case  he  pil^  In. 
r,„^,r  np...i  one  .>f  the  weak  spots  1.1  the 
(na.k  nature.    In  preaehmv:,  he  ma.le  n-i 
^.Il.,rt  P.  be  a  ilr;  .r  sf'il.-'->:  as  we  m.ijbt 
l,.,.„|.lirase  the  w..r.ls— be  was  U"Mnnol.  ... 
lar.iest.  an.l  ba.l   f'-  s.^hnm  a  th.  ii.e  in 
the  er..ss  f..r  ih.n  ;  n..r  .IM  he  make  any 
au.^nmt  P-  /-/ii/.-.w./-'''- -  '"■ 
...  -te.t  bv  the  (Ireek  u.-lN.     hi^  piamne-s 

■  ,f  s|H-.'eh  anpears  c\.n  n.  haw  aneiiate.l 
some  ,.f  tlie  esl.e.t.mt  C.Tintlnans  ,  l..r 
X  1,11  ■  ami  pr..b.ib!v  in  -.his  repn.li..n..n  ..t 
the  w:sar,ii  ,•/  u.'m/.  lia  u-  l  a  latent  cr.t- 
K-isni  ...  the  1.1.  als  ..1  ila    Ap..ii..s  party. 

\\\-    h  i^e   alr.  a.lv    s^cii    iv.  r.    I.',  I  ll.jw 
,->,„raI   .iie   e...  s  nm-,   h.,.e  be.n  m  the 
I  pr.-aebinv.  of   i'ai'l     lu  u-  ■'>iam.  and  qmto 
1  ;„,„!.,„aiS.  ;!       ....mK  plain  that  P.r  h..n 
i  ,I„.  ^-.nee  ..I   lia    ^'-pel  >s  the  st.iry  ot 
!  iP,.  ^p,-,     l..r  tlie  reas.m  he  ass.ii.is  tor 
;^.  ,;.nu    tile    wis.U.m    ..f    ^^"1'';;.. Jil^ 
,„,,,>ln      is  lest  the  cross  of  Christ  be 
i  deprived  of  its  effect    -  literally,  en  ■-t.e.l. 
,U,,1,,,,1.  hU-  a  ve-srl.  ..f  .Is  .-..1,1.1:1  llie 
•■  cl.-ur  ..r  Mibtle  s,,caUin'J.     umeh   is  al- 
uass  .Ui.i..r.ible  in  a  p..  ...  he.,  b.  ...nas  a 
s,,rt  ..t  bl.isplu'.nv.  when  his  theme  is  the 
i-r,.ss  ■   it  .h-traels  the  atle.iti....   tr..in  th.' 
yreat  faet  an.l  ilepri\es  tlie  m.-s.,^c  ...  its 
I  r,.,w.  r  ..\.r  the-  b.  int,    it  is  :il-..  w.^'hy  ... 
'     .',   ii.  -l  I'anl  s,„  aks  lu  re  .1..!  .'t  the  er.iss 
,,M.-:is.  l.nt  .'1  (         '    111'-  ern.-:lu.l  '■  lu-  Is 
the"  .Ml  ss, all.   -ihe  1      n  :in.l  .  x:il:.  .!  l."ra. 
I  TlK'  phrase  llu-  .  C  hn.t  u  t.-sene, 

■  1.  ,r  tlu-  einpi.at.e  plaee  at  the  e...l  -  t:iat_ 
,1,,,..   be  no  eniptyinn  of  the  cross  ol 

■  e  ill  isi."" 


I  he  tensi..ii  un.Kr  wliicli  I'anl  writes  is 


-l,.,ui,  bv  iW  r.mi'lity  with  which  he 
,,l,„,^^.s  ,m..  th.  .b-.'i.ssi.m  ot  tlie  parties 
,„  ,lu'  l.'..rimln.ni  elmrch,  .ind  by  tlie  di- 
rr.tiu--  an.l  impetn..sity  of  the  discussion 
\\c   ire  nut  I.'  suppose  that  the  unity  01 


mm 


I'll.  I] 


I  COHIXTIIIANS. 


15 


uS    l'"i.r  Ihc  iin-ai-liiiiK  ..r  ilic  cr..>-  vi    |..r  it  i,  «ri''.:i.  1  will  .I.mu'x  ihc 

In  tlicin  tlijit  [xrisli.  |.i..lis|iiu— . ;  l)iit  mil."  I  ui-.!.mi  ..f  ili,'  ui-,.  ,in.l  uiil  l.iiiii:  i.. 
ir>  wliioll  arc  >:i\i-il.  it       llic  jluviT  cf  (".ixl.  In.iiliiiiK  llii-  i!r..l,  r-:  Tr.hiiu  i.|  tl;r  pn  .l,  ;'!. 


1. 


.  I  t  I  -  , ! !  1      -■  i 


.1-      MI      II      U  ,1^ 


l'<  i  :li<.  il,  llioii.uli  yiMU  ly  iiii|it  ri:!k  I'.iil  it 
u.i~  -nil  |M.--ili!c  (.■r  "  llu-  whnii'  i-liurrli" 
t.i  i.'iiu-  li-m'ilur  i\u.  j.i'.  -II  lli.il.  Ill  .1 
1..1I  -^n-r.  lh..!'uli  "111-  pan\  il  1:111-  1..  !. 
-l>wilk-,illv  Cliii-i'-  i\rr,  I I .  ti;(\  ai(  ,ill 
Christ's  (u\.  jj).  Still  thi>  ^■lllllll,l^l^  iipnii 
luiuiali  lfa(lcr!.ln|(,  U|miii  mhiu-  .  ;iu  ami  111 
tlivuhial  intiTiirctatUMi  I'f  tin-  k"-|u1.  |n  imt 
a  Mri(iu>  iiuiiaco  tn  tin'  niiuy  ot  llir  oliur>'li 
of  tlu'  Lliri>t.  ] )i)iililK --i  liiuiaih  all  ci- 
cli~ia-tical,  lii>t<)rii:al  ami  dui-Iriual  ilillrr- 
ciiii>,  iIrto  is  a  rial  unit)  ;  Imi  «Mn  ilial 
is  iiiipiTilkil  wlu-ii  tlit-c  liirurtii.i'^  arc 
accriitiiattil.  Si  1  li'iii;  a-  iiu  arc  i^^vmuil 
|i>  llic  I'r.ili-lant  in;]'';'..,-  lo  think  uiili 
("ura.uc  ami  !iuli  ]icmK  ncc,  ilicy  nitvii 
ililliT.  c-iiicia!'y  where  the  cvi.l.iuc 
nil  ai^rc.  ai:il  l  apalilc  nl  iiia'Mi'i  I'.l  iii;tr|n  ' 
tati.'ii  :  but  the  <littcrciK-c  inii-t  imt  he  c\av;- 
Heraleil.  it  uiii-l  he  aeei .in] laiia  .1  hy  llie 
n  ei 'Uiiil  mil  ni  it-  rf!.i!i.«  Miii:'i|"  :  laii' •  . 
niu-l  he  --erii  in  tlic  liLtlit  nl  t  o  ln^^rr 
iniiiN  111  I  hn-t. 

It  1-  iiathetic  Im  think  that  cxeil  the  1. Mill's 
Mipper,  wliieh.  iii-ie  than  aiiMllliiu  il-i.  i- 
t'lttid  to  he  a  iH.iui  ,,|  nni.in  t,  t  tin  -e  who 
lii\c  llnii,  -iiuuhl  have  -o  ciiirii  prM\ei!  in 
he  a  pdiiit  .it  i-eparal!'>n.  "  1  am  i.|  l.ii- 
tlier."  "I  am  o.  Z\vin-h  " — eric^  like  these 
inarl\  ic  parilicil  the  anuy  i.t  the  Kelnriiia- 
ii"ii:  ami  In-ilay  —  tliuUKh  this  K-^s  ami 
le--  ilie  ea-c  -the  liaiiies  ol  C'lMii  and 
\\e-ii\  th\  uk  larye  hraiii'ie^  ni  ihi  Clin-- 
liaii  church.  There  i^  im  im.re  imp'  rtaiit 
K--.IH  I'l'i  :  niiiileni  church,  cmim;  'nli.l 
with  the  >li.|ieml..ii^  prnhieiii  ni  tiie  c\an 
V.:- '!/ali..ii  <ii  the  wc.rhl,  liiaii  that  which 
I'ani  iirues  hi're  so  p' ^w  er  fully  —  tn  -;i:k 
.i':  .Iillcreiici  -  111  ti'c  recnu'ii' mil  tii. 
?  piinie  aile;.:iaiice  wlia'h  ail  tiiikc  oui  to 
(:.ii-l.  whii  wa-  criicili-'il  l^r  llu  111,  aiul 
i!!ti>  whii>e  name  they  were  bapli/eil. 


'Iiu-  l-.-ily  iiiiil  III,'  ll'iMl.'in  of  tit,-  C'r,■.^.v 
(i.  lS-.'5i. 

18.     'Ihc  a-    we    ha\e    -,  ,        v.  ; - 

emtr  i!  I.i  tin  pn  aclnni;  nl  I'aii!  II  teal - 
ami   -hulls   siilith-   ih-ciuii-f,  "wi-ii'aii  nf 

W^-:!,"    hfcar,..-    ..t     it-    n.vw,T  •■• 

the  ciM-s  (  ver.  \,  \  pi  ihe  ;;re,-'.l  11;, 1 

!"n:y  ..f  thc,<e  who  first  liearil  Ihe  ,i:n-),el, 
Jews  anri  Greeks  alike,  the  cross  was  a 
hopelessly  unintelligible  riddle;  it  was  the 


I  T'or    the   story   ol  the 

CI  OSS  IS  folly  in  the  eyes  of  those 
who  arc  perishing  ;  iSi  ui.i  -mi- 
p!>.  th.'-c  wh..  ale  de-liiieil  to  peri-h; 
' .  '1  i  1  allu  I  I  -  that  til'  '-c  w  li"  ri  1.  1 1  that 
-!  '!>  a-  -\:\\.  ,Ji,-  /-.I  ;  ■/!.;  m  \ii|'l'- 
I  iietr  T'  !e.  1  i  .11.  aii.l  w  '  '1  .lit  uiie  1. 1  p.-i  :  h 
s.  >  l"ii'^  a-  :  licy  ii  i.  ci  it  I  h,  1 .  mi|  t  ■  .It 
strm-ti..ii  is  In  cniiiit  the  s.,,,^  ,,|  (  hri  l's 
cross  a  fn.ih-h  one:  hut  lluic  ap  .'the  is 
to  whniu  It  proves  itscli  imtlimj;  h--  ihaii 

i;  ilnnw  /•  ■;c.  <.  To  those  who  are  being 
saved  — and  such  are  we  —  it  is  the 
power  of  God.  Ilure  is  ,1  tiiu  l.alame 
.ihnul  this  -(  iileuct  I  Toit  fiif  .  ,  ,  rois 
■5'  I  :  we  m:iy  diaw  tine  shades  of  distitiolinn 
helw.cii  111.  n,  hat  iiilun.ili  I)  and  c  -  rntialiy 
iluie  ate  ..n:\  iw.i  ct.i--e-.  and  tliese  arc 
deiennin,  d  \  \  ih,  ir  attitude  In  L  hrist  ami 
Ills  crn.s  —  til, .-c/.',i  tiir  hriiii;  li'St.  tlmsc 

t!i:ilk    the    -t-.I\     silly.   ,|||d  //(■,(,■ 

<.!:<••!.   lii..-e    wli..    tiiid    tiM!  il 
p'  .k-    t.'   t!'.  Ill    wi'h    di\uie   p.. wet.  I'aul 
I  -peak-  |..r  Ihis  Kr.'up  nut  nl  the  depth-  nl 
..u  I  \]..  I  i.  ii.--  w  a:,  h   h.-  ki,.  .A  .  lhr\  -hare 

I  ■'  !;•  I!.  -.  u  ])■  .  ■  h-  i;.;  -a;  e.l.  e\.  ll  |.. 
11-:"   -rois   !)t    c.u  v.KK  I  111?    ?;..n  I        1!,,.    ii.ilai  .d 

ciitt  i-t  t..  ;'ii..;i-hiit      u  .'i'.!  h..  ,  i.,/  ')/, 

(  I'f.  \ .  i  ,  -'.s  1  I  'aul.  li.  'u  >  \ .  I  .  di  ;ih.  :  ali  iv 
llsi's   /■.;,,■!    li,  |-r   t..    -::.a-;.  -I    'I    ,1    ihr  -'..r\ 

h.is  \nidiiatid  it-cif  as  a  iiii^>lit.\.  saving 
fact.  I  his  IS  the  pr.iclicil  pin-.i  nf  u, 
w  i-doiii. 

19.     I  here  is  iinthtii..;  iiiiitsual  aliniit  this 
i-siie  nf  w..'ld!y   wi-dmii  in  d.  -tructi.  u 

II  is  put  i  t  the  diviile  i;n\ eriiifteiil  i!  tac 
wnrhl  aiijl  I-  atii--l,  i|  hy  l!;.  II  '.tiw  Sci  :p- 
i  tt.  -.  For  it  Stands  in  Sc  ripture  t  pert 
I'  '  '  '  :  "I  will  cause  the  wisdom  of  the 
wise  to  perish  .  :  .  \.  th.  ,  .  h,.  ni  amiXw  ,,i 
an-iiWi  a.n.is  ,  and  tlie  discernment  of  the 
discerni^^;  I  will  reduce  to  nothinK — 

III  till-  111  ■.:!ii,,l  |.  i--a..'e  the  |a-t  wi.r.l  i-  / 
.\ .'/.'  /(;..',■  (  I  -.,mIi  \m\.  hi.  ii.i,  appi  al 
In  the  (  iM  I  I  -latm  nt  1-  \  1  ry  ch.ir.u  leri-tic  . 
'a:-  -.  .  ■  i  11  -I  t  '  ,  .  h.  ,  'I  .1  I,,.  .  I  a- 
thr  f.  ^■  .  ■  ,  ■.  I  1,,  ,,  ,,■  1  ,,rd 
III  M  .!.  N\.  Ill  till-  .  !  .•  'I  ll  pa--., I."-, 
the  ri-liTi  ii,  e  1-  |..  ih.  p  at:  .  a.  nf  -  h>' 
which  the  Jiw-  hnpeil  t,,  -aw  t'a  iii-eU  e's 

I  frniii  the  As-y  ri.llls.  I  he  ,\"cw-  Te-t.inu  iit 
:  u  :  Iter  .  a-  a  r::K  .  .-.ir.  f.  n   1:.,   , ,.  ...j 

'  iti.il  I'l  iiiteM.  and  t!i,  \    .!...'\    ih.    ; . 

they  f|iiote  more  generally,  or  refer  tlieiil 
Ilk      -ely  to  tile  sinuitioii  111  their  own  day. 


I  CORINTHIANS. 


[Ch.  I 


jf)    WluTi-    IS   till'  ?    will  re   IX  llu; 

|,;,th     11, ,t     (,...1     in.l.lc     n.oll-ll     tlK-  WImImUI 

<if  till-  world? 

ji  l  or  ;iiur  iliat  in  tlu-  wiMloiii  nf  (md 
the  world  liv  wixU'in  knew  not  God.  it 


pli  .iMd  (iod  liv  the  foolishness  of  preacb- 

iiii;  ti>  sa\c  thiiii  that  iH-lievc. 

jj  For  tlic  Jews  reijiiirf  a  siK'n,  and 
the  (Irofks  sfik  aftrr  wiMlutn: 

But  wi'  priaili  l'liri>t  iriu  ilu.l,  unto 
the"  Iivvs  a  stmnhlingblock,  and  uiitu  the 
(;ric"ks  foolishness; 


ao,  Worliily  u  -.'  .'M.  uliMliM-  ..t  t'lc  I 
l.'W,  or  ( .ri  i  U-.  :■  .  :    !   'u!i.  i,  .  ■  r  t  ' 

il, -i;  ii>  ti.  ill.  I  ■  where  is  \  nr  philoso- 
pher? where  is  .  sciilie?  where  is 
\  .111  worldly  controversialist?  iliui,ill>. 
.;./;,•,,•  i»  //:,  ■/  ifuli-r  .'I  «/f;.<  ./>•<•  •'  •  1 1  <■■•'• 
,iv;.iiii  ui  Im  a  1 1  !ii;ir.-i '  luc  ol  U.ii.Ji 
MA,  II  I.  a..'l  ss\!;i  S"MK'  ri-^:ai<l 
ffo'''"5  a~  a  i;i  iu  la!  !•  rin,  uliu'll  is  siilnli- 
M.lid  into  till'  Jrwi-li  -,paMMU"ii  iM-riin  ( 
aiitl  llu-  l.ruk  aii'sVTVrv^.  l!itt,  wlutlur 
till'  la-l  tirm  la-  an  alluMoii  to  dii'i'k  of 
It  w.  -  and  It  may  ii|iially  will  In-  Ji  w 
"i  \.'t-  \i.  II)  —  It  Mi-in-  iiiori'  natural  1:1  a 
pa-^aKc  i^dunlniK  the  Corinthian  ao<Ma,  to 
iihr  aoO^s  1..  llu  (ii.'K,  .iii.l  -(("■i",i<  "i-n  s  ol 
(.•our-o,  to  till  liu.  W^'  ir  uivi'  thi-c  plii- 
1, .|,!.,  I-  and"  M-Viln-  a~'.-  I'.i-'..  and  In' 
an  uii-  I'V  nnp^'al  '  n.  N..,\:  :^  A.l  tlu'ir 
|,liilo.,.j.l.n  s  ai;:o;;nl.  .l  1"  iiotlims  w!:«-n  •[ 
.■.mil-  to  an  muiiir.  1  nion  ot  \\w  innid  o| 
(„„i,  .  .  K  •:,  •  1  111  liu'  >:o-. 
,  ,  I  1  t  did  God  11(1  turn  the  wis- 
dom of  the  world  into  folly?  Jr\\  and 
(,rt,lv  alikr  iailid  lo  nndri-i..;id  aii.l  ..\'- 
pi.-.i.it-  ihf  nio-i  -fi]M-iido;i>.  il  iii>  Ml  r;o;i-. 
I,,,  !  ,  ,1  i:i-i.  rv  l';.  i-io-,  ,,i  (  in  i  .1  ;  tin  ri  - 
iorr    till  \    :ii,d    lla  ir    -\  n  n:-.    -1  i  loii 

\  U  t,  d    ol     f    .  I  h.    !       M    O     .,'   u  :-dolll  o| 

,'//,•  i::t   'a'('"'is.  ll.al  1-,  till"  liuitriud  ' 

\\,,i;,i.  -r.h  ,\  ,i/.y  wi-doin  wa>  ini-oiii-  ; 
|„     1  i  i,,         ii'ii't   t,!i-  Unai   u-tI,!.  1 

2\.  oince  then,  in  the  wisdom  of  | 
God,  'lie  world,  by  it-  wisdom,  had  at- | 
tained  no  ri  al  knowledge  of  God:  ' 

not    i|inl.'    ci-rtain    uliat    i-    nr.uu    ti>  o' 
tht    \isii.'iii    rj    (I'.'i/  —  whitiii-r   that    t'n-  ^ 
iiu-oiniiol  riu'i-  oii   n.o  i-ai  I   .  1   till-   'Aoi  i.i  ' 
1-  pari  ol'      r.  ,.  r,       /(/.■  /   1      ov  iImI  !■■> 
till'  wi-doiii  oi  t,  .1  I-  nuaM  llio  r'  v .  '.ii;  ■! 
Ill  till   pvi-  e  lni-:ian  world.  |o  tin   J.  u-  ni 
St-riptiiri-.   lo   llu-   (ill   ■  •-   in   naiiin  .  tiu' 
t'oniar  iiilr!  |.ia  ^l^ion  -.■in-  tin   iiioir  n  ii 
inal.    r.'ii  ..;»..    Ill  .-.til.  r  ..  ••••  '/ 


it'-l.  ■  •  li  ■.. 

He  graciously  determined,  by  means  ot 
this  foolish  message  --i  •■-o-- 

"  t-\  tin-  1  •oh-h;:.--  "I  \'..>-  m-  -au.;  ' 
to  save  those  who  believed  n  Willi 
nuicll  i-lliplia-is  roi't  irum  oi  ra?  rr-i  r\ril 
to  the  end:  it  is  those  uho  bdicic  W  who 


,irr  -a\rd.  tlio-i-  wllo  CMint  it  -illv  only 
-la  I  I  .  d  111  iK  ri-llillU. 

22,  23.  I  lir  Jews  .-md  the  Greeks  rep- 
ri  .11  ilie  two  ureal  ontstandinR  attitudes 
to  ihe  iirotilem  of  life:  together,  in  a  sense, 
iIk  v  exhaust  the  zeorlil  (ver.  >M  i  which,  by 
it-  wi-doni,  failed  to  find  ("md.  Hence  Paul 
here  .Iiviiles  the  world  into  tl'i  -,  two  «n  lit 
ClIcKories,  and  -ii.u^i-l-  ^^l^'>  liny  \Miit 
a-trav  in  their  s.  arch  :  Jews  demand  signs 
and  Greeks  are  in  search  of  wisdom. 
Ill  botl  ( 'lai  ,  .  .  hail  ihe  |il.iiii  nie--ai;e 
of  till  cro--  1-  nn.  oii\ Ml  my,  .\s  in  the 
tniii-  of  |i-n-.  llir  Ji  vN-  diiiKindid  .a  -iu" 
(.\I.it.  \vi.  I.  .M.irkMii.  11  i  i:  llun  tliev 
nimlit  li.liixf  lliiy  wiri-  iniAini:  in  llie 
ri:.;ion  oi  cMirnal-;  a  -innti:..'  iiii---.im' 
nri  d-  110  I  \trni.d  a:illii  ntu- itioii,  I  lie 
(iiiik-,  oil  ilie  iitli.r  !:,niil.  urrr  aiinn.iiiil 
hy  .1  ]ili!lo-oiilni:d  -ii'ial.  and  tin-  almie 
Would  lUMT  li-;id  to  till  i-ro--.  But  in 
,  ,,n|-  .da  lioii  to  llu-  ji-w-.  Willi  their  ex- 
, .  ,  ;  ,1  t';,    ( iiV.  ^-  w  illi  tlu-ir  phi- 

lo  01  :  WE  preach  Christ  as  crucified.' 
■|  liouii'li  l':nil  -iK.ik-  ill  the  context  ol  his 
null  ini--ion  ( i.  171  and  inetlio.l  i  ii.  jl  no 
tloiiht  by  :i  <'  here  ho  nu  :ins  to  iiiohide  oth- 
ers be-idi--;  linn-ilf:  he  w.i-  not  alone  — 
pioli.dilv  \poll.i-  and  other-  w  1  re  with  hini 
-in  prin'K-iiiniiii;  Cliri-t  a-  irncitiid.  We 
Iireach  i'hiist:  how  pi-r-on.il  tin-  -oinid-  :is 
a'.;:iili-t  the  :ib-tr:iction-  of  t  Iri-i  k  pliilo-i.pliy  ! 
It  1-  not  a  -y-teni.  but  a  mail,  who  li:i-  to  be 
|,-,-,iiird  li'\  tile  pri-:irlu-r.  And  tli:it  in:in 
,  I  t'lTTai  pa'^i  1-1)1-.    juri     part.;  the 

■  ,  , .,,  11'  11'.  :  .1  ■  I'-  'A'  nl 
l.i.  r.  I  but  an  eti-rii;il  tact,  at  any  rate  a 
t,,,  t  oi  1  ti  rr  d  i'on-i-i|i:i  iii'i  -  '  .  Mn  )//i  1/ 
1;, ■,.,<■„-//  '     line   w  I.       ■■•!•  n- <•.  an 

o>V,  iK-i    t..  b-  ill  llu-  1'.     -        '  •       ■■  ■  ' 
u,,t;d    (uii-  .         "I  I      to  Jews  a  stum- 
bhng  block,  to  Gentiles  folly,    ll.  r.  I'ml 
-mki  -  ;il  till-  root  ol  tile  m.iHi  r.     .\d  ear- 
lu  -t  rili,L;ioiis  men  were  loliijin;.;,  more  or 

.  l  lu  er:iinm.ir  uf  ::.  i-*  ;i  la'I'  -l-ti-.ilt. 

I'.  i  .i.'v   or.    .-,1   1-  11. t   1.1   l-i-  rii-'iT'li'l   .1-  '111- 

|.-11UI|mI     i1,;M-i.     .!     iitliill     M  f.     .- 1-    til.-  -Illicit- 
:   ■'  r-:-   -  ■■.  ■■  ■  .:  -Ji;!!.   .  I-'         ■     ■  . 

M,  )i,,»li  lliii-l",  nr  llu  f.irnrr  f:ii-t  i-  tint 
|>„-  M.1--I1  I..'  I'. ml'-  ii  I  1,'i  I"-  n.i.-«  Put 
I .,%<„  r  n  .-.  I  .,tf  l  i  I .'  1  iki  n  .1-  .ids:  iiiyittu 
;  .i:  --."-mc..  tli.it  I-.  llu  K«s  a-l»  a  -ign 
.    .    .    Jihi/t-  v>c  preach  Christ." 


Ch.  I] 


I  CORINTHIANS. 


17 


J4  iiiit  unto  tlitin  whidi  arc  i-.illtil, 
Imth  Jrw''  .iilcl  (inck-.  C'liri~!  tlio  power 
of  GimI.  ami  the  wiMloiii  i.f  (iiul 


-'5    lUraiis,-   ill,.        Ii-hiio.s   of   liod  i« 

"Ai-cr    than    nun  1    ilu-    weakness  of 

•  loil  K  -troiiniT  ilian  imn. 


li-^^  i-iiti>i-iim^ly,  for  ^aUatii'ii.  but  lli.ii  iii.it 
shoulil  I'Minr  lliroiiyli  .i  iriiril'ml  ni.iii  u,i> 
liiiTuhliU'.  riihnil.Mi-.  t.'  ji\N  and  drnk 
a'iki'.  "Ill'  that  Ii.iiiliiiI  in  aiciir..ril  ot 
dod,"  -aid  till-  Ji  \'.  i|),  iit.  \\i  j^i:  |,,  - 
~idi  >.  ilu-   .\l<~-i.ih  Im  I  . .nil-   III  !c.m! 

^;iKiid"r  and  a-  ruiHiiicn  ir.  I.iiilr  won- 
di  r  liiat  a  I'lii  il'ud  .\li  --iah  wa~  a  itiim- 
/Vui-  1.'    Ihr   J.  u  s.     I  .'    Ihr    (,.  i, 

/;/,■.<  — tlif  (Irri'k-  and  the  Ivinians  —  siuli 
a  K>'-|iil  wa-  <(|iial  /.  //v.  thr  hormr  wnli 
uhu'h  the  k.iinan^  iii^ardid  the  <rM~-  n 
ffivis  yraiihii-  cNpre^^iciii  m  the  uord>  ol 
t  iceni:  "  .\\v:iy  with  llie  very  name  oi 
enw-;,  not  only  from  the  bodies  of  eiti7en~ 
ot  koine,  hut  even  from  their  tlunights, 
their  eye-;,  their  ears." 

24,  25.  r, ,  the  world  at  larye,  tli'-  ero>< 
iini;hl  he  .1  vinnihliny  Woek  and  a  f..l!\  ■ 
but  to  those  that  are  actually  called 
(literally.        tli,-  ;/i,//i.v, /;  ,-,v  )  and 

thi -e  enilT  h  rd  both  Jews  and  Greeks  — 
i!:;-  iriu  iti  .l  Christ  1-  divine  power  and 
divine  wisdom  nu-.irnaie.    Winn  ir'il\  1111 

d<  r-l  1,    lie    c.in    llH.  t    1m. ih    tile  Jrwidl 

lU  ni.iiMl  tor  a  -i-n.  .,nd  the  1  .rn  k  d.  iii.ind 
I'  l'  \W-d.iin.  I  |.,.n  111.  Cl"--.  lie  1-  t!;r 
enihM.hnH  111  ;,|  ,,ikt  ,,|'  the  iir^ht  .ind  ihi- 
ui~il..in  ,.f  i;i.il,  I  lu  re  i>  -..nu  thiiii^  \ei\ 
inipri--ne    in    th<-    iliMlnnie   niKtili.Mi  ..f 

Oeor     I  (  ,.  .d  I     hit'Te    Hi  t'duir     (pdUlT)  and 

cTO'.'i'w  lui-iKinii.  .iiiil  in  the  -i  rrly  Ii.il.m.  r 
'I'  the  ne\t  ~tnt>lne.  liu  Hi, punt  I' pi' 
titi..n  of  •••or:  I  (  iod  )  in  tin -e  v.  i  M-  i, 
d< -iuned  to  viii;i;,-vt  that  ue  are  h. n-  dr.d- 
iiiij  with  the  in-enit.ihle  things  (,,,,/. 
For  this  weak  and  foolish  policy,  .1-  n 

ir  iv  s,  ,  in,  I.f  s.ihalioii  hv  the  eio.-.  ,n..|e 
t!i,;i  TO  tiwpbv  and  tA  dathiftt  are  concrete),  ' 
seeing   that   it  is   divine  —  it    i^    („  ,.•  ."  j 
(nviee     over* — is    wiser  and' 
stronger  than  men,  ami  all  that  tliey  can 
d. .  .  .r  de\  i^e. 


-t 


lie  tills  p.iss,i.,;e  jirf<per'\.  i; 
n  .ry.  'til  II  that  if  i-  p.  1  \  ..U  ,\ 
h\  a  d^  lu-a'r  ir..!i\  I'.iiil  !iur:-  tia'  -i 
'•■  his  I'm,,  rail  ;dr  at  the  (.re.-k  oo'.-m 
iuisd..ini;  hsi!  ii  \\,.idd  !„■  unjust  to  inter 
fr..ni  this  ih.it  wli.it  Ik-  e.dls  m  ver.  the 
" --r  ■■  -:i  ry   ..;   thi-  ,-r..  s" 

Is  s;iii|,i\   to  he  aeeejitid  ;is  a  f.u-I.  without 
.ni>  affinpt  li,ini;  in,i<!e  p.  e.  rr.  i.ite  it  with 
other  t;i,ts  i.r  t'l  tinil  a  pl.ace  t'.ir  it  in  .1  I 
tlie..lo«ical  scheme,    livery  th. .i|o|it man  | 


h.i.s  the  impulse  to  rel.ite  a  new  f.ict  to  lii< 
ueiieral  view  of  the  world;  and  tlic  more 
import.nil  is  the  fact,  the  str.niKer  will  Ik- 
liie  iinpidsi-,  |nde,d  thr  new  fact  is  not 
"■ii'l'ht<  1>  his  till  h,.  has  t.ani.i  ,1  pl.u-,-  |,,r 
1.1  his  iiiind.  I'aiil  liiiii„li,  wilh  his 
■i>'i|e  .111. I  iii.is,|ve  inteilnt.  sliai,i|  .iiid 
'"liid  11.4  hii  slian  tills  iiiipnl^,-.  s..  t.ir 
]■  h.-  to. in  .1.-1.1-111-  plii!,.s,,p|iy  til, It  he 
iiiiiisilf  1,1  .  til.  I  epi-tle-.  .111.1  .\,ai  in  p. ills 
"'  'his  ..II.'.  ilir..\\-  ,.111  sui;-.  sti,,ii,  aii.i 
ni.ii,.  ih.iii  -!ii;i:.  -li,,n,  t.'W.il.I-  ,1  lli...^ 
lo.yie.d  sysiiiii.  h  would  he  to.,  iniuh  to 
■ay  tl'.it  he  ,ietnail>  e.ai  n  ii  ts  a  s,  h,  m,  ; 
hilt  the  niipiiis,.  1-  ,du.i>s  III,,,.  ,111.1  ue 
..Iteii  meet  with  111. .re  ..'r  1.  s-  liml,;^  ,|, - 
w  'liped  theoli.yu-.il  ari.;niiieiii  -  ( ,  1/  w. 
Kom  •  ( ial.  III.  f. ). 

What  I'aiil  is  here  rehiikiim  .ni.l  li.iicnl- 
niK  is  the  snpirtieiai  ao'.'iia.  ,,i  |||,.  i  .Tm- 
thi.tiis.  Their  l  liristi.in  ,  \pei a,  n,-,-  ;,s 
yet  very  slender.  I  lu  re  is  leaLnisv  .md 
strife  .imoiit.  them  ( i.   in  and  tluy'"are 

'    e.irii.i!  •■     (  iii.  yu.  y     ^  .  1  .'•  i.iilv 

••  h.d..  -  111  (  hrist  ■■  tiii,  I  1  who  h.id  to  I.',- 
I.'.l  with  in.ik.  n..t  uilh  ii-.  .  ■•  t..r  y>' 
\\ire  not  ahl.  to  ln.ir  it  -  1:  •  .-ii 

''  "    <  111.   -'I.      I  h,    tii."!o..;y  tli.it 

'  -i  s  .'HI  ..|  sihdi  a  feliL:!..i!s  ,  \p,'ri.'n.a.  is 
n.'t  hki  ;>  I..  |.r  ;i  \rr\  pr.  .f.  .iiii.l  011, •  \,! 
llie  (  ..nn'iii.iii .  u.ia-  n..i\<d  l.\  lii,-  n'r*- 
pi'i's-drl,.  ( ,r.  .  k  ill-' 11:.  t  |. .  I .  :  ,  ir  lU'W 
■<         'II   t-  •  lia-   |.  I'll-  .-1    |.:  :1,  |  "  "  % 

is   the   n  :il   p. .lilt   ..I    I'.i-iTs   r.  j..      .1  .'I'l  1- 
"I""-   t.i  <  III  .  k    ■■  w  isik  .in  :"'    III   i  h...i.i,-:,  r 
1  -nnj;  the  ii!i--s.m,.         1,.,,  p.  pr.  .-'  .mi  as 

■  l'...>lis|in.--,"  ili.-n-  i-  a  .Tr;.,:!!  ni.-.  i,  Im- 
I'ldi'y.     l'':-.«  Ill-re    in    tills   epi-lU  ,  n,il.il.ly 

■  1  i\    in,  Tatil  gives  to  his  words  an  ironi- 
e.d  point. 

Ki.iilaiL;  hetweeii  tlii  Ini.  s  we  K'  t  .'i 
'-:'iiiipse.  Ill  this  si-,-ti,.,i,  1,11,,  ,1,,.  liitiu-iiltii  s 
under  which  Paul  w..rk.d.  i  ii.  .1.  \\,is 
t.>  him  the  ere  of  his  nu'ssa..;e  ;  hat  it  u.is 
nitimtely  hird  to  find  a  pl.ir.;  f^.  it  either 
in  the  Creek  or  the  Jewish  miiid.  riurc 
w  ;is  p.,  r.'oin  l-T  It  either  in  Jewish  hop,  s 

.'V     111     'ir.  l  k     plnlos,.,,|]y  ;     \,.t     It     «;,S  OIllv 

tlir..iii.;li  helief  m  tin,  "foolish  mess;,i;e 
tii.it  men  eoiihl  he  sa\,ii  (ver.  Jl  I.  Otten 
and  loni;  imist  l',-|iil  have  ar::iii-d  f..r  tlu' 
.  I..SS  ,iv;.iiii-t  Ji'wisli  ol)s|iiiac\  .I'l.l  <  ir.  I'k 
i-..iiceit  —  sdiiu-titn,..,,  nils'-.-  I  i  -  -,,11;,.- 
tniH-s  with  "cci  s.,.  f,,r  .la  —  j  •■h---.-  ih.it 
were  caileii  ,.erc  both  jew-,  and  Greeks" 
(  \er.  J4). 


I  roHINTIflAXS. 


[Vn,  I 


-I' 

til,  . 


tli:il 
„■//.,/ 


\  1' 


\  ( Mir 
111. my  ui~ 
iii.iin  iiiit;lii>, 


iiImii;.  Iiritliiiii. 
nil  11   .illii  llu- 
Ml    main  iii'lili. 


iIhiil:-  "I  ll;.-  v 
,'iM<l  <•"<!  Ii:<lii 
tlif   vM'rld  V> 
;iu-   iliinllly  ; 


,1    I:,, ill    ill"-.  11  ill. 

«.mM  t>'  I  "iitoiiiiil  llu-  \vi-'  ; 
liiiMii  till'  v\i:ik  tliiiii;^ 
niifiiiiiKl  tlif  lliin«»  whii-li 


Till-  A'riili.H/j; 


26. 


.1.1- 


,  !l!ii-lr:.!r 
..,..1,  I'ril 


s.ll.ll 

ri'iiiiii 
iiipifi 


.S  Anil  li;iso  tilings  nf  the  worKl.  and 
I'linys  uliK-li  arc  ili^iii-fd.  bath  <;<nl  clui^iMi, 
\v.;,  .111(1  tliMiK-  whii-h  ;ir»'  imt,  to  bring 
111  tiiiimlit  lliing''  tliat  arc; 

lliat   no  tU'^li  >hiinl(l  nlory   in  hw 
|in-inci'. 

.ill    lint  I'f  liiin  .iri.'  yc  in  Cliri-i    |.  - 
wliii  of  (i<'<I  1^  inailf  unto  ns  wiMlom.  ami 


-■<>■, ?o  I 

.till  ii:rl!ii  r  tlir  iMtiiri- 
I  till--  .ilirii|ili\  I"  lii~ 
v\li..m.  w'l^i  1  .iriir^t  i-oiirti--> .  In- 
-  a  -  brethren,  .nul  hy  a  ^kiiliil  im- 
il  —  look  at  YOUR  calling  ~  lu 
S  iluni  of  till'  lowly  plaiv  lliiy  oi- 
for  the  iiio--t  |i.iri,  ni  ('orinlliiaii 
-.nutv.  ami  of  llu-  «^mii1mI  MHipluUy  of 
a  «o-l'i'l  vvlm-Ii  i-oiiM  apiuMl  t",  ami  uiii. 
ftiuh  nun  Not  many  m  m  h  are  philos- 
ophers (littTal!>,  WIS,-  tu\  .'idiiii;  lo  tlu- 
H.sli.  tli.it  1-.  1:1  ri«  u  ■■M  ~  -I  iiM- 1,  nor 
are  there  many  influential  people  among 
you,  nor  many  well  born.     I  In   -n  i'  1  i  > 

j,  ,;iii:t:,Ml     il-'nr  ('».  V')"')!""'  (  VMTr  calli-ili, 

or  peril. i].^  tnoi\-  in .iiiti dly  «<"•'   (  vc  arc), 

II,  ,-  !■!  l.c  Mii.p!:.  .1  I  In  .  .;/.'">:  1-  oi 
conr-f  to  llh  ^lri-!iaii  lili-  (>l.  i  -' '  • 
r.uil  il-  -I'l'  il-'^'i'-;  "'  <  "riiilln.iii 
fliiircli  (V  'lc-  i-.rl:!!).;  ».  I"'t  tlu'  run. irk 
wmilil  no  iloulit  Ik  .ipiilu'.iMi  t"  tlir  early 
C'lin-n.in  iliiuali  ueiu'.illy  ll  1-  not  1111- 
plii,!.  li..ui\rr.  lli.il  tliat  rlnirrh  w.i-  eom- 
)i,.-<il  imIii-imIv  of  the  hnnihler  eleiiunt^ 
01  ihr  p. 'piila!  ii'ii  :  tluri'  wire  some  men  j 
of  I'lhv.re.  iiillmnoe,  and  birth  ainoiij-  her 
nieml'<  r~.  but  /!•'/  (lumy.  '1  be-e  wouM  be  ! 
the  ela--es  mo^t  ililiieiilt  to  .ittrrut  by  the 
^tory  i.t  tlu  ero>>;.  Some  idea  of  the  eom- 
))o>ilMMi  of  tlie  cbiireh  may  be  intern  d 
from  the  proper  natnev  tliat  oreur  m  the 
epistle;  for  e\aiiip'e,  I-"' im.ini-.  Aeli.iu'"-. 
(i.-lliis.  nanu~  ulliell  "piob.ilil)  ridaMIe 
frei  dnun."  I  lure  Would  in  .li!  likeiih'U'd 
lie  in.iiiy  freedmen  ami  >ome  -Li\i~.  Iliir 
a^.iin.  a--  m  ver.  _M.  it  1^  wiirili  ulii'i  i" 
note  the  rhythmie  repetition  t'J.'/  iiiiiny  > 
three  time^,'  a  leatiire  -tdl  niore  markul 
in    the  threefold    repetition    in   the   lu  \t 

MV-i-.    ami    wliuli    in\e-l^    tile  -late 

III,  111-  u  !! !.  .1  erri  1111  -1  .Iriniiily. 

,g.      V,.t  ..!   t'   Ill  b-.||  jlt.iee 

^ver'e  ■  on  the  contrary,  it  was  the 

world's  foolish  thiiit;s  that  God  selected, 
when  lie  ebo-e  \on.  ai-d  the  rt.i-oi  ••!  I  li- 
eli..i..  v\  1-  that  He  might  shame  the 
f.,,  e.d'.d  wise  men.  and  it  was  the  world's 
feeble  things  that  God  selected,  that  He 


might  shame  the  strong  things,  and  it 
was  the  things  of  the  world  that  were 
low  and  of  no  account  that  God  selected, 
the  things  that  were  as  good  as  non- 
existent I  not  TO  ovK  oi'Ta  :  they  did  aelnally 
e\iit,  lint  they  Wi  ll  .1-  :l  111'  >  (lid  IH'I  e\i»l. 
li.nee  rd  /jij'dirai  that  he  might  bring 
down  the  things  that  exist  to  nothing. 

Here  are  three  very  delibi  r  iti  vtati  im  ni-. 
wineh  .ava-'iral' ly  eorii  -poiid  to  thr  three 
lyiH'>  ;l  ii'li'l  I"  111  M  l  JO  -  llie  wi^e.  the 
liowerfiil,  ami  llir  liielib"rii  I  be  impri^- 
si\e  repitilii'ii  of  the  wor(K  (/ii(/  i7m.Vi'  !■• 
ui  il  eal.-d.iud  'o  e.iU  ,ill.  iilioii  to  the 
p.,i.id'.\  ol  llie  diMIie  llletliMil  dod'-  wa\- 
.iie  11'. t  1  iir  uav-  till  dr,  Mu  -tami.ird-  and 
initlH.iN  are  llu  .iiHipodc-  ol  the  liiini.in. 
ll  1^  ilie  lo,.!i-h.  the  Icd.lr,  the  ob-eure. 
tb.il  .ire  llie  lie.  iili.il  nbnil-  of  the  dlMIle 
,  !,.,u-i-,  'i  be  .u  iili  r  fi.nii  of  ilii  adjeetive- 
(  ru  nu'pii,  rii  daKtiii,  rie  I  K'ves  an  impcr- 
>Miial  turn  to  the  whole  --eiuenee,  which 
tbii^  bieoiiies  a  statement  of  tiie  ({ciicral 
pnnciiiles  di  the  <livine  operation:  Init  the 
-lateinent  is  Mij-Kested  to  I'aiir.N  mind  by 
the  Coriiitbi.in  situation,  and.  tliotiKh  in 
form  Hiipersonal.  it  is  in  re.ility,  per-oiial ; 
lie  selected  the  fooli-h  //i/ii-,v  ib.it  He 
liiiKbt  shame  the  wi~e  ■lun  (roiis  ao'.'ioit). 
Ill-,  elioiee  of  the  fonb-ll  w;is  the  j"o-l 
t  lfeetive  way  of  shamii  «  the  wise  (ti-a): 
lluir  wisdom  did  no!  eianiiieml  them  to 
lliin  (ef.  a  --iinilar  mier.iiuc  oi  o'lr  l.ord 
in  M;it.  xi.  The  metlio.l  ..|  llie  diMiu 

i'm,!,,.  eli.inui-  till-  a-pie:  "\  (be  world: 
Ii'uir^s  tiid!  ii'i-  (  ra  orrai.  ibr  lliini;> 
uliu-li  -eiin  111  b.ixe  s.<!idit\-  ami  i;\ilily. 
11  11. it  only  pills  t,i  -liaiiie.  bill  :iiiliibil.ite-.. 
ll  i~  pi  i  :i:i]is  not  iiiit:rr  t^  -ec  :i  liH'  irony 
in  ll;i-  iiii;.;nit;  of  lb-'  eliaiiLii-  on  the  pbi^ 
il ijiliicii  piii.i-i-  ra  uira  and  rti  t^ri  oj'Tu 
29.  llie  iiliiniate  oliml  of  tin-  -ir.inue 
1  '  (il  l  1-  that  in  His  presence 
there  be  no  glorying  on  the  part  of  any 
mortal  man.  M.m  1-  Imi  t!.sli.  frail  and 
-mtni  ;  liie  «i-doni  .-ind  the  power,  ni  wbieh 
he  i;lorii-.  f.;i\e  liim  no  .-tamlniy  in  the 
Slight  of  God  who  ignores  these  things  in 
11;-  rl'.iK-e  of  men.  lluil  tliri^  he  It,)  /"/il.i- 


30. 


.\iiy  >t:iiulnii,'  that  we  have,  there- 


Vn.  I] 


1  COHINTIIIAXS. 


riyliii  ■  ■n^iii  ^ 
«li iiijilimi : 


^;llU■tlt'K■.■l!l'>n,   .iiiil  ri- 


ll.it,  .'u'l-. 'nliiiy 


1     .'■   *  " 

I  lli.it  L:liirU'tli,  li  t   liiiii  i;l 


il 

■rv 


1^  wriiiiii,  lie 

III    t\W  \j'Tll. 


I'lin-.  \M-  nwc  ti"  1 1  nil.  iii't  lit  anything  tli.it 
\M .  Ml  iiiir-i  iMs,  an-  it  Ii.im-  or  kii.rvv. 
..ii.l    till-    "nl\     «taii(litin  wim-h  liir 

•  "  I'-IMii  iilj  c.ili  -  i-  ill, It  \\iiuli  l;r 
i      111  I  ';ii-i     L'cii-i  c|:u  iit!>  you  owe  it 

to   Him   1  I,         -    r.iiii    t.>   the   (.  •  ni 

I  i  iii-,  that  you  are  in  ntii.>n  wnii  Christ 
Jesus,    it    1-    al-i    !!•  -  it'U    l-i  Ir.m-l.iti 


I)-' III 
|li,ii 
llitt 


I  inn  yr 

\<.  arc  ili- 
liu-  fiiiili'M,  ul 
iliclly  tlu' 


<>i  y-'iir  /'t'.ii,,. 

i  liiMn  n  —  111  (."lin-i 

luil    tliri'U-    It-,  ^!lr-- 

npi  ,iiic||y  ii|i'iii  tlu'  wi'rk        (iml,  tii.iki - 
tlu-  I'uriiitr  ir.iii-lalioti  tin-  ninr,'  |iro!..il,:, 
it  is  trotn  God,  i.e.  by  His  oriKiiiation,  lli,it 
y,,i,   ( iV«««,  ciliplialic,  ilic  oli-i  uri-  Lonii- 
llnaii*  I  id   Christ.    XoiIuiik  hut  tlic 

power  and  llie  Kt«)iliie>s  of  (iod  could  have 
liroii^lit  siicli  ,i-4  llu  y  into  tli.it  l)les>e(l  eoiii- 
liiuiiion.  niilieil!    for   wii.it  li.ive 

\vr  tint  in  iliiii-  I  .T  He,  by  the  k^.^'iohs 
purpose  of  God,  dn-i  OtoO,  from  (iod  a^ 
•••'«!n  t  became  .or  7>.-as  made)  Wisdom 
to  us. 

in  ,1  few  trenciiaiit  words,  I'anl  is  about 

I'  Kiinv;   ilu-  iii-ii--;i.n   li.  a   il  '^t-.  1 

in.  cTo.'.iii  (wi-dMini  wliirli  In  lia>  lu  i  ii 
<!i-cu--lii,ij;  is  e. 'iiiiiiitfd,  K^illiired  np  and 
I'' >  -(  nitil  I"  (-'lin-ti.ii,^   iiiiii  i.iii_\  III 

li'it         IIS.  17""' i 
(iytpriVri  aor. )  of 
1.  iiri-i  Ji^ii-.  ill  llnii  I, 111  lu  ri.i'l  ilir  iiiiinl 
.iilil    the    piirp.         Hi    1  I  !,i-       :-ii.  nil 

uliuli    IS    nu'.irnatc    in    I  liri-t,  ni.iiiiir^l> 
il-ilf  cspeeially  in  two  w.iys.  as  Justifica- 
tion-and-Sanctification,  uliuli.  d iniuitid 
liy  Tf  kai,  ( hotli-aiid  I  are  to  be  eoii-iiim  d 
111  close  coiiibni.ii ion,  and  aKn  CHinpUic 
Redemption,    i  lie>e  iliree  snb>;aiiii\es  are  ■ 
lntliT  taken  .as  expl.'fiiatory  of  ao'.'na  tliaii  : 
lis  co-ordinate  with  it.  TlirouKh  Christ,  who  ; 
is  tile  I  mill  iiliineiit  of  (iiid's  wise  purpose,! 
cmiu  -  1)11,  iiii.Ti  1  t;  ^vliicli  bleiiiK  '.he  nieaiiitii^s  ' 
<if  iiisl:ti.  .;'    i!  .iiiil  lii^htCi'UMiiWs    in  llini  we  ; 
:irr  ju-titii.!  .iiiil  regarded  as  ideally  ;7.:;/j;-  j 
,   ii.<.     Iiitiiii.iiely   eiimiected   with  this   is  ' 
■  .-,Mj,iin.  -.iiu'i  illv-.itii  III,  ~r|  ,-ir.-i!!.  n  i.i  .i  /;-'.'\' 
iili'  III.  i.  Ji.     rile  la-~t  term  liiro.XrTpa'iTi!.  is 
till'  iiio^t  ciiiprelK  ii^is  e 
-1   -iii-c.  r.iii- 
1    .iiid  ni!~i.rv, 


I  ""5  1.1  till  lir-t  c:.m- 
in  the  liistoric;il  tiKiire 


I  all,  ii'JciiiCtntii  ill 
•  111    I  \i  rpoi- 1    ir . .Ill 
ill  II  wr.ince  froiii 


iii.iu-  I  ntr.mce  inti>  i 


le  iiio^t 

I  ti  TO  )  s] 

-'11   .iiid   de.i'll  .iiiil 

f'-.rv.    If.n.  ri.r!-!  s!,,!  ...k.  i.f.;,... 

i'li  -f    ihiui:-    t  .    11-  ■    lie    iiii-  ,11!  1 
(ut  i-id-ni'D  ) .  .-inil  they  arc  onrs  in  llmi. 

3t.     (  »f  mir^ihe-,  tlien.  wr  .irr  ii.  .t  liiiij;. 
\\  li.it  we  li.nr      iiitr  ,i.-i|'i!tt,i!.  H'lr  li'.Iini 
iMir  II  iliiiipi  ii  ,11    wc  li.i\r  ,,n!\   Ml  C'lri^t, 
and  tlii>  standing;  in  liim  we  owe  to  (iod 


\is,  en  rol  I  I  Ii,n!>,  iliiti.  tliiTe  Is  no  riHini 
ii'f  1)1  ■.i~;ini:  ,  .nul  tlu-  Im.il  pnipi.^e  of  (ind 


,1 


lirin«in«  ii~  in;. 


till-  liii  -M  il  .iiid  Iriiit ■ 
that,  as  it  stands 
in  Scripture     !,  .  ;  .  he  who  glories 

should  Klory  in  the  Lord.  I  lu  er.mini  ir 
1^  -iiiiiew  li.it  irreyuKir  ,  ,i»  i>'i«  c.iiinot  gi> 
iliri  i  l!)  \m;!i  ili,  imp,  i  ,ii  m. .  wc  ni.i\  .i- 
-■iiiie  .111  cllip-r:  t'.i  tt  {It  ii!-!:l  nr,  ,'/ii,- 
I  ■  ,'',^v^),  ,j,  S,iiriii>r  /'m  >  ;/.  "  /  .(  Inn 
I'''"  'il.    ..:l  ''y    :n  /  -r,/  '     ,  |,, 

l..\\,  ,1-  111  till-  llrlmw  1.1  JiT  l\  J|, 
•''  '■"I  '•'y.  Ill  till-,  til, It  .  1  '  Il   1^  dilti 

cult  111  di  tcriiiiiie  prici-e!>  lu  re  wluilu  r  li> 
till'  I. Hill  r,iiil  nil'. Ill-  (  liri-i  iir  (iml  I  hr 
wiird  Is  ei|ii,i!ly  ,ipplic,ilile  in  Imtli,  ,inil 
Hilly  the  context  cm  decide,  I  lie  iiniin 
diate  coiite.M,  howfver,  has  nuen  iin.it 
priiinineiice  to  both.  On  the  one  liaiiil,  it 
Is  (ind  who  chooses  men,  and  "  it  is  ,i(  Him 
th.it  \e  are  in  C  hrist ;"  ..ii  tlie  other  hand. 
(  hrist  is  tlie  divine  wisdom,  and  rcdi:iip- 
til  111;  it  Is  His  cross  ih.it  -im-,  ,ind  into 
III-  11. line  tli.it  we  ari'  bapti/ii|.  Ibe  point 
1-  lint  iif  Liicit  iiiii>. .rt.mii  :  |i,r  whether  the 
Lord  he  C  hrist  or  (md,  at  any  rate  it  is  in 
I'lie  nr  cllu  r  1,1  till -1  ih.it  vve  ,iri-  In  i^lnry, 
and  1I..I  111  111,11  ,,r  in  i,irllily  d  i -1  iiui  i.  ill-.. 
I 'le  (  ,11  iii!l;iaii-.  uii'i  ilu  ir  Inrn  wnr-lnp 
I't  i'.iiil.  .\i„,il,-,  ,11,, I  I'lii  r.  .iiiil  with  their 
liiiiKiuv  li,  i  \  ,--ivc  ii'.;,iri|  for  wi-ilmn, 
iiil'piiiin  .  and  lii'-^li  lurlli  i  \  , .  .7  f.  1 ,  liad 
t'Tuiiiirn  !l:i-  I  lu-  i|i|i  ,i,iii,  ,11  I-  iiinre  l!i,in 
ii-ii,,;!y  ,i|ipr.,pri.itr  lln-  i,ri'.;iiial  p,i--,i-e 
111  jrrriiii.ili  luriii-iu-  till-  \  1  ry  -.niie  ii,n 
tra-l,  ,iiiil  ,-,!iiii  -1  in  llie  \er>  -,ii!ic  I. 1111-, 
a-  r,iiil'-  ,m1ii;,  .111;  i.  Ml  In  rr.  "Ir!  imi  i!u- 
:.;/.v.' man  ( 6  <toi.'<os  1  i;!,iry  in  In-  w  i-iimn  ( 
T17  (Toi.'.ia  ai'Toi  I  tmllur  iit  'lu  mi^iil\'  in,in 
(0  iaxif'us)  i^Imv  111  hi-  tiii-lit.  nor  let  the 
ru  b  III. Ill  jilory  111  his  riclu  -  " 


This    section    ( vv.  )     serv  es  the 

•  loiible  piirpo-e  of  illnstratini;  the  principle 
til  It  i;,>\erns  the  divine  choice  of  nien,  and 
■  f  n  il  king  tiie  conceit  of  the  Corinthi.ins. 
(md  does  lint  ih<«i-e  those  who  stand  hinh 
-tandri.ds  of  the  world: 
I  Ir  chooses  the  foolisll. 

Il  l -1  boni :    ;ind    such  -  ■ 

.  I  ...  I     1  . 

!"=•"•>  ••verc    In,.-!  Ill 

I    111-    c!i,,i,-i     f.illiii    upiiii  the 
inlliuntial.   tlu-    hi-li  l,.,rn.  then 
"  "t    tlu  in    w.iiM    Ii.im    li,  en  so 

In.iuir.  il  lie  i!r.;,  fur  e-  them  h.ick,  in  a 
-pint  \.r.\  -inul.ir  ti.  that  of  Jeremiah,  to 
a   recognition  of  their  own   utter  insig- 


tried  by  the 

till    \ir>  re\ir-i 

lile      fil'lilr.  111,. 


them 
W  l-e. 


II, 

tllr 


ili- 


20 


I  CORINTHIANS. 


[Ch.  II 


CHAPTER  3. 


itlitiiK  aiiiiiiiK  you,  save  JtMis  Clirist,  aiui 
liiiii  crucifitd. 

j    ,\   And  I   was  with  ytui  in  wi-aknos. 
I    And  I.  hrtihrt-n.  whtn  I  came  to  y<m.  I  atid  in  fear,  and  in  much  trei.,t)hiiK 
came  not  wiili  excelli  iuv  <<i  s|Keih  or  iit  j    4    And  my   speech  and  niy  |iriachniK 
wisdom,  declarinK  niiiu  vim  the  testunony  I  :>  .».»  i\><i  wit.h  enticuin  words  oi  man  s  wis- 
of  iUnl  duni,  liut  in  demonstration  of  the  Spirit 

J    I'or  I  determined  not  to  know  any  1  and  of  |)ower: 


tiil'u.iTH-i-     tiny  vMTf  TO  fifi  ifTa,  as  K""d 
Hi  ■!!  1         111  lluiu  tn  in"L;ni.v 

lli.il,  l"r  llir  tn.ii\«l  "I  lliiir  ridfuiiitioii. 
tln>  ;iic  ill'im  llur  iiicli  lili  il  111  (ii'il  111 
C'liii-I.  I  liii>  lio.oliiiK  Is  escliideii,  and  liu- 
niilily  is  tlie  only  true  wisitom. 

Faufs  MaHtn'r  of  i'rcachins  at  Cohnlh  (ii. 
I  51 

1.  I'aiil  li;is  just  hiiii  iirKiiiK  upon  the 

( '1  ■rinllii.iiis  ilu-   1.  v-.i-iiiii..n  ,4   tluir  I'Uii 
ullir    iii-njiiilK  ..III  I  ,    .iii'l    ilir    \\i-'l"in  >■< 
glllryin^;    111    the    l."u\    .il  'iic     I  In-,  lu' 
yiies  ■■11  111        .  Ills  i'liii  In-  i>\Mi  lir,..tui-. 
ill-  |in.niiiil  iiiiilt  r  ;iii  1  iv  i  rwlii  Iiiiihl;  -<  n-i- 
.  I         nun  ui.ikiii--.  aiiii  lie  111. hU-  im  il 
I, .11    |M   ('( .ii'.mi  iiil    In-   nil  --:i'-i'    In   li'-  an 
(lu  nri  -    !i\     I  111  ••  'I  il  .il    I  ^I'-ji"  I    1  T  ]'l 
s.ij.lnr.il    I  .TO.  ii<t?  I    ill  Mil-.    A     lor  me, 
brethren    n.'tc  .'itj^iiii         fimrtr. ms  ail- 
.In   -     .  ;     1. I  M      « li.i!.  \  ■  r    in..>     li.i\  ■ 
!,,,•!.■,.  p:-.,,  ■■■ ,  ,.!..!'ur-     when  I  came 
to  you,  I  came  —  tlic  ripititinii  ooiu-m- 
li.r.  -  ;ii!.  I,'  •  n  l>  !'|i..n  Ills  arru.il 

proclaiming  ilu        -|i.  1.   wliu-h  lie  luri' 

I  ill-  the  testimony  of  God,  .i-  in  i  (>.  In 
liail  calUd  it  tli,-  ti-slimoiiy  of  Christ. 
Min|i!y  ami  not  with  any  striking  rhe- 
torical cr  philosophical  display.  "  i»iTi,nii.' 
si'i'in-  11.  ilii  lli.ni  Ml  <"•')(' I  <)'•,  \\liK-li  n,.i\ 
lia\r  1-1  rp!  in  tr.  ill  w  r.  7.  I  lu-  ^infin /lu.i' 
ror  Wtoi  .  ]ili.li.llii>  llie  trslunnny  /.I  ti'  .l. 
lli.il  1-.  Ill  Ills  iinrjpiiso  in  (.'iirisl  — 111  .sli..it, 

till-  Ulispil. 

2.  1 ).  nil.t;,  --,    Ii,  .!    r.m!    ii-i  il  tlu 
ilri  ii-i-s  w  liU'll  1  .         i'i-i  li.         nil  --.i-i 
u.iulil  at  i.t-1   1   .    .    '  mil  .1  It-,  il   1  • 
a    M.  I'll  r    I'ln-'n-    ■  ■!    l  "i  .    Inu  iii- 

I I  \n~.,\  t.  ■  .i\       liin:  -1  II  ■■[   r  .       w    ■  j...: ' 
i.|   .1       /.■/'.I        pi>l'.>,-.     I In-  r\ 
priutur    al  \lli.n-    I'r.iin    u'.uh    In-  li.nl 
1-1. nu-    1  \.-|-  \\  w     I  1    ''.!.!   .-.  .vit  ''."'.  .!  |.' 
tills :    It   iii.'iv  al- •  j.  .  v'.l  ••••   '•  •    .'.  .." 

I  For  I  did  not  decide  10  ' 
know  anything  among  you.  except  Jesus  ' 
Christ,  and  Him  i."'     ilm  iyli   I   kiuw  i 

w.'i    li.'W    JV.  .it    till'   utTriH-r    wnilld  I'l.' 
as  crucified.     I'lnri-  i^  ;i  slifjlit,  lint  aji 
linci:i!.li-   ililTinni'i',   tietwoen    "  1  decidi-il 
nut  tn  kiiiuv  "  and  "I  did  not  decide  tu 


kii.iw  "    rile  Ciirititlii.ms,  with  their  argu- 
iin  Illative  iiistiiKts.  Ill  iiili'l  111  airing  tlit  ir 
I  own  knowledge  (of.  viii.  I>  ;i;iil  o|  meet- 
I  iiig  any  one  who  claimed  "to  have  sonie 
I  knowledge  ■'    (tiSfVai    t«)  ;    I'aul  resolves 
that,  at  any  rate  •!>  Imig  iis  he  is  among 
thent  (♦*  i'm'oI  he  will  severely  restriit  his 
knowledge  to  one  theme.    Nut  only  will  he 
inr.uli   ali.int    iMlliiiig   i  Ki- ;   lint,   (or  the 
Iniif  Iii  iiil;,  nnllnng  eKe  will  lie  ill  his  mind. 
I  lie   lliiiiie   tli.il   tills   11    Is   Jrsiis   t  lirist. 
lie  will  nut  let  his  s|„nli  aiiiiing  tlii  lo- 
riiilliiail>  drift  iillo  al'-U  utiun-    11  \v  ill  lie 
iiluwingly  persntial,  gatlurnl  aliuiii  ilu-  |h  r 
s.iii   /•stis  will!  ti'   linn    1-    tin-  Mr--i.ili. 
(  /;M.^^     In  liarticnl.ir  will  11  u.illur  .il..  .nt 
ill..!  i.i.'t  in  ilk  i-,in  1  r  uf  Ji -11-  vvliiili  ua- 
i-viitral      111.    i-;-in-iti \i.  111.     Siull    .1    v;"-ih  i 
I    In-    aiu'.hmi;    1.  :I    ii'ipnLir  .iiin.ng 
I  ,1.  .  k-      -      ,,'•■..1!   l.\    ...1.    uli..  1.  I.!  .li.-.l 
.•I  ni.ili -fact-T's  ilr.itli    (1.  .'3  I  —  but  tli.it  is 
till-    I...  1    wht.-li    I'. ■■■I    w:!!    -iiprenii-ly  and 
(-.  .Ill  ;ir  :.i'l\   11.  Iil  li.-lli  lul-.n-  In-  .-vMl  iillllil 
..:  ,1   ill.  :rs. 

3,  4.  IK-  is  fully  c.  .n-cn  ais.  nnl  only  of 
till-  iiiiliii|iularily  l  i  lla-  iiK--sai;i  .  liilt  of 
the  in-iiliicn.iKy  ut  tlie  priailiir  As  for 
me,  it  was  in  weakness  and  in  fear,  a 

ti.ir  -o  unat  .is  tu  ri-nlt  in  much  trem- 
bhng,  that  I  came  before  you  i  m  i  i 

lli-rt  vv  I  urt  an  mtt-rr-ting  i;liniii--  iiit.i 
IVinl's  |iiiMii-  ajipi  .11.  nil- ;  In-  vv.i-  jn-t  tlie 
rr\.r-i  i.|  till  i-iiiil,  s(  1 1  I'l iiitiiU'iil. 
ir.i.lv  .-ral'-r.  < 'ii  liu  i'.  .iil r.ir \ .  lu-  vva- 
.'iiii-.'iiit    liy  a  -i-ii-i    .•!   Ill-  1.1 .  ill 

ill.  i:..-i-  nt  tin-  iinulity  ta-k  tb.it  ili-M>lvri! 
::;-.-ii  Iniii  a-  .1  j-ri  .u  lii  r  .1  li-r-  Tliri-'  ; 
i.i  :  .1.1  ,1  -iii-i  111  I,  >■'■■  I  \\lii,-li  I \iiri---ril 
r-i!  Ill  .iniiii:  /■ .-/;(.''/.-'.',.,  And,  tried  liy 
I  .  II  t:'!.!;i  -!.,ii.I.iril-.  Il:-  -p.  .  .  '■  w  .-  a- 
I.-,  ir.  ...!  ■■  .  If  !  1-1  J  I  r.  \  -.X  '  '  : 
niy  speech,  and  111  ji.irt u  iiLir  my  message, 
did  not  consist  in  plausible  words  of 
philosophy.  I  ln-rr  u  a-  im  .'.v./ 'Xi  in  11. 
n. .  -lu  ll  .Mil/.-. : imvvi  r.  a-  the  ( ifi-ek 
iiiiiui  iU-IiL;iiii  li  I'l  But  iii  ii-  .n;.iin  v\i  111. ly 
--:-|i.  i-|  a  liil'r  t..'-i-!i  i.f  irmiy:  f.-r  ilinnyli 
1.1-  iin-achiiiK'  1.11  kill  tlic-e  element-i  vvhu-li 
the  (ireeks  tlioitglil  sn  impi irt.int,  yet  its 
ri'.tl  power  was  incontriivertiMy  attested 
by  its  (miraculous,  cf.  2  Cor.  xii.  ij)  eflfects. 
for  it  came  in  the  shape  of  effects  wrought 


Ch.  II) 


I  CORIXTniAXS. 


21 


ll...t  v..ir  f.iilh  .l„,„l,.  no,  M;,n.|  in  I  it.it        s,„...k  tlu-\  ,^4.      ..,  („„|  ,„ 

.h.   ^^-.|..^,  ...  t,u„.  I,„i  ,„  ,lu-  ,.,.w.r  ..f  a  ,m.ury,  .•.-.•„  tl...  l,..l,l.-„  r.W...,,.  «hu-|. 

Il..ul..it    ui-    ~|ii-.ik    \M-..l.iiii    ,iit|..ni;        .r\  ■ 

"-l"-iV.!    >.t  n..t  ilu-  «,-,|,.,„       S  Whul,   „..„.■   .,f  ,lu.  ,,r„„-i.,   „r  thi* 
.t    ly>  "..r  ..I  .Ik-  pruuv,  ..,  ,!„>    uorl.l  k.u'w :  f..r  ha.|  iWyVuLu  ,  ilu-y 


ii|"  i>  ill.   Ii^.^  ...  I'-    luariT...  |><iMiivf  ,\ 
p  !  Ill,   I  II  proof,  w.iiih  i-.iulil  iitily  i-.imi' 
from  the  .lum.    spirit  and  tlu-  iIimiu 

power.^     Ill-     u.r.U     urr.'     T1..I  iiu-rrl> 
pl.i  '-il.;i.  llu>    w.rc  iliiriuf,  lniMiiM-  ihf 
"        I.,  hlllil   ihi  111,     111,   fi,^   / ,    „  ,  1, 
'•■       1-  '  I  'il    1 1  ■jiiiii.'iil Imi  i I ,  inv  1,1  I , 

5.  So  till-  "  .iTiiA-.  .miid,  tn  iiiMini;  "  i'aii; 
I  Mr  ,((  tiiriK  ..lit  to  !»•  th.'  iii.^/f/-,- 
l.r.  .u  !i,  T  r.iii  In-  imulit  1-  11. .1  In-  ..un' 
It  I-    'I  till-  -innt  I  M-r   .)  ),  m|  (  ,.,,|  1  v,  1,  ;  . 

anil  till'  ilivillf  ['iirfiKU-   (iiai    In  ,|,  nii; 

till-  man  <.r.  it  m.i.v  In ,  1.,.  „. ,  , 
l.rraihiii);  a>  lu  .|i,|  u.,-  that  your  faith 
should  not  rest  in  the  wisdom  of  men 
but  in  the  power  of  God.  A  faith  uhu  li 
I-  t..  t  \i-t  iiii^liakin  niii>t  not  ho  liuih  n|i..n 
a  .!<\<r  iri^niii.  iit.  l.iit  on  an  appnoialio,! 
'■.  I'ii.  'li  ni.  Ill -I  I  iinl  ( 'ifo^ii^fi  1  |i,  ,\v.  r  <it 
I'  '  "  '!.  I'>  III-  p.iwrr.  anil  11.  a 
-  111.  I  \  III-  .!."|ii.iuT  or  iihilo^ophv,  iliat 
■  -  ill.  -■■111. 

r.'iil  .  ii.  r;  Iniii-rli  luri'  as  an  illit-tration 
■■(  I'u-  irntli  ilial  (lmI  i|.k.^  Iik  nij«lily  \v..rk 
.tiyh    titlili-   iiivtruniciit^   an>l   hy  nn- 
vNorliiiv  nuaii-. 


'    •   /'•'  /■  '  .''''.v  '  f  !':.■  ii  '.ifrl  i  ii,  .)). 

^-     >         ■■!"  IVinT-  u-r.l-  l;.,vr  ciuiv.,! 

--i';n    ll'.ii    l-(    ,-,:r,  ,|    on'y  "|..r 
>  -I"  fully    fi.i   !';■    |-".,.-|  of  (  l.t'j,!  i- 
'  tii.-;tl.i|.  III,!  ii  t'n-.  1!       !■!  ■!■  lun  the 
ii'i  !  ■lioM  ..I  r.-ai.iuii:  til,  t.,,-|„  1  ,,ii  «!Mt 
iii.iy  lall  II-  p!iil..-..piiu-al  -i.|.-  (1.  17.  n, 
I.    1  <  -a-  a   co.Ma.     .\,   u,.   1,,,,  ,.  '...^ 
'  ■  'i   I  I'    171   'liat  cmld  liar.iK  !  ,  .  ■, 

ni.ainii.,'  :  Ih-uK-,,  otii.r  >  \pi-,  -  i,,i;.  j,,.  k 
'■■■<    "til.  r    uay      t'lin-t,    t.,r   <  \,iiiipl.-.    i,  i 
'■.:1..|      -,v, I  i.  _!o)   ami  t.'.ul's 
'I  11.'  lia-.  tlifii,  a  piiii..-ip!i\  .iit.rl 

.ir.  ulih-!i  I-  inti  lliu'ililc    'i..v\,-\,  r.  .'.ni\ 

I"  .'.../../      ra-il,   n      lit   iii.V.  <l  'r.  -I 
1:1  aiiiiiail  pliil..-..p!iy   1  ir  .ro^'.ia  dfUpunuif  i 
but  tiun-  1,  ai.i.tlur  pliil. .-. .pliv,  the  ap..-- 
^•■1-  ..n,  :(  WI!>dom.  w!!i;-li  we  :,...!  ■ 

l.  ;'..w  pr.  .irh,  r-  ■  utter.  t  iinl,  ,  .j  j 
mdi'^rriminali  ly.  or  li.f.Tr  all  kin.ls  of; 
a-.iuiK-i  V.  l.-ii  ..iili  among  those  who  are' 
■i':ni-.ii!\  mature,  th..-,-  «|i^,  ur,-  if.t  ■ 
iHi  n  lull  arc  :^r,,:,,i  t..  t!u-ir  tiiil  C'lin-- 
iian  stature:  or  the  word  {rtXtiott)  so  near 


#»r(7T»jpiu  in  M  r  ;.  nia>  I.,   nitrn.l.  .!  ... 
Ki'-t  "  til. .-I'  who  art-  iHiluil,d  itit.i  tin-  I  hri-- 
tiaii  iii>  -t>  ij  " 

riii>  wisdom,  however,  i-  not  of  this 
world  tht.  of  thi>  ,/...  )    u  ,|o,  .,  not  ,har,. 

..  inp.  r  .111.1  spirit  of  this  aK»'.  »hi>>o 
^•I'  n-  .111-  in  tinii^  of  things  transitory 
.111.1  <si.riia'  (I.  J*.);  nor  i>  It  a  wimIoih 
of  the  rulers  of  this  world.  I  h..,,'  wli.. 
■  n'l-  in  !iii.:!i  pla.a-,  an. I  uli..  oiiyht  to  kn>-w 
1.1  \,r  S.  iiiu..*a.-i  1,,-t.  iii,„l,-  th,.  ni..>l 
I  i.:li.i-tl\     nii-t.ikc    ■.!  I  \,  r.  |  |„. 

I  '  -    "I  .-.."  ■./    'ii'.Jll    .■■IK-.  lV.lhU  lie 

•  my.  I-,  «li,iin  •  .1,  >s  ,■!,  |„  ;,,  t  1  ft  I  ).tn. 
^  ^'1  '  r.  i;  ,1.1,  ■!  .;,  |,,,  -i.iiii;;  ni-r  t|,f  na 
"•"i^-  I'.'il.  u  i.lp.iit  .nr'!  .  r  ,  \pl.,r.it  . .11 
It  I-  iii,.rf  pr..l..,l,!,  tli..!,  hkr  til,-  apy.nr.i 
"•  K.-ni.iii-  \'  1  .t.  Ill,  \  .,1,  111,  n.  I  -p,-,  i.illv 
a-  thfir  u  .:  Ill  .  rr,  ,1,  ,,,  tl„. 
'1,'in  III,  II  111  the  pi,  ,|,in.  \,  r„-,  .,,,,1 
thf  wr>  -.nil.'  plira-c,  ••  il,.-  riiK  r-  ..|  tin- 

>iM.    I-  ii>nl  111  v.r.     .,|  111  .-,   wli,,  irii 
I  Ilu  . I   J1-11-.      I  he   v,.i!i,.    u,.t,l.   ui  a,n,ii.r»t 
arru..',  „  ,1  .,.,{  j,,  .\^.,,  ^,,1  |,  ^^,,|, 

ml.  r-  wlu,  .-..nipa--.  .1  |,  .  .|,-  .tlT  |  I,,, 
-imiianty  ...  tin-  p.,--.,;.;,  „!,.  r,.  tlu' 
'•'  ■'■('•'I'/fiur,?.  II,  ii;ii,,t.nK-,-  unii 
1  ^  ..r  11  uh,  r.  It  I-  -ai.l  llial  tii,  \  ,!ul 
11. .t  ki (uiVi.it  |„n-  It  i.rai-iii-all\ 

'I'.^'l.t  ih.it  111,-  rill,  1-  ..|  iln-  w,.r!.'| 

•  ir,-  ,  .irihlv  rul,  1  -,  i„.t  .,11c.  h,.  ,,r  ,|,-iii, ,ni.- 
Ii,  y.n,  i.il.  it  ri     r-  !..  i!,,   u:  ,  .  iiilii;,  iiii.il. 

'"'"I    I"  in  i.,irii,-u'.ir,  i-- 

"■      1         to  in.-ii  iiL    I'll.it,  an.l 

til.    lll-il   ..M,  .1 

^  It  U.I-  II., I  -iu-ii  .,  u:-.|..iii  ih.it  I'aiil  iir..- 
I  Ik'      ii.  III..  Ill,  1,  vv;-!. -'11.  n ,  r.- 

;  1.  Ml,  II  who  are  being  brought  to 

noi-i^ht.    I,  lia    pr.  -r,  --n,-  in,,i.  ii  ,,i  tl,,- 
'I'^iiu-    pmi......    !li,v    ,,r,     i;r.,.!i,alU  |„,t 

-ill,  h  .|i.!...Lt.|  aihl  ,...■,!  |,>  ,(,;  111,  1, 
■  ■!  .ir.  .ili,-r  '_\  p,-  w  !i.  .Ill  !  I  .  \  |,,., 
uli'.ni  II  I-    il.  -,  11  1,   j.si'i      I  j',,, 

till-  -,i(iu-  \i-ri>  11,  It-       in  1    jS  l^aTap7fll■) 
-tr.  ii..^ili.-ti-   t!;,-   ii!..li.,l,il:f.    .,1   111,.  „,t,.r 
pr,  t.-iti..|i  ^ui\  n    ,,i,.,\.-     (  Vilapha-,  I'lla!.-, 
...    111. ,11    1-    .Kiiin  or 

.. 'iiu-.j. 

7.  8.  But  It  i>  n-.t  tli.it  -..rt  of  wivlotn. 
ii"!  a  liui:,:ii  \m-,|,.iii  ,,t  ail  (\,-r  -,iy-' 
I'.r.il.  htit  .1  divine  wisdom.  (,..,'r./  wi's- 
il..m  (''•oi  fnipliatici  that  we  utter;  ami 
tins  we  do  in  tlic  f'jrtu  of  a  mystery. 


•  l-l 


I  COUINTIIIANS 


[t  il.  II 


JmIIi    II- •! 


vsin.u    •■..;>  i.n.. ^'  ^, ..,,„„ 
^ne  w»Mch  has  been  lymK  '.^^^^^^^ 

ment-' ''""''f r';;:,  i't,': 

li.,ii-il<'iv    »v  ••  ,         ,  ,,  ,t  III 

■         "     .   I    ,     >,nc  which 

•"" ""'  J' ■'  ,4  v,i-fore  the  a^cs.  and 
God  foreorda'ned  before  uch       ^  ^ 

its  uln.n..,.-  a.m  ]^  ;  >' 

<itir>  111  '  ' '    ' '    ,1,,        ..I  f/i.->.' 

"'.r  u„,  Nsnh  none  of 

^;\  ;,crso.  this  world     I  ^ ha 

any  ulea  of  ;  '  -  ''^  ."^  'jt'  hi  led  them 
it  was  their  'H"7^nce  ol  tt  ina  ^ 

to  eruc.ty  the  Lord  o    8       ,  , 

,„„M  haw  '        ,     l.o  n  ,Iu 

f  1..M""-":  •' ,„  f. 

put  lli<-  ,"  ,',  ,'  /         ,.f  (,/-  "> 

i-  tlu-  l..;r.l  u'-->  :  ■  :'\„  .,,  i,„„t.'a'  ^ 
,l,..„vih  that   v::'->  ,,,,  ,,f 

n„.-v  ti.at  u i-.'i' ,,,,,  ,..,,.1  ,,, 

jjii 'r\ ,  111    i~  "  ^ 

V...-.-.  v;  '  r  '       ^      „    ,„„  ..r- 

,1,,.  ,,,„„l..a^  I  in-ua.l  -I 


,;-h1  I'  •  .  »■  •'  .  ,  ,  ,  .,  ,.  ,-.|tl;il!> 
^I"  "-''>'■'     '  '  .'1',',,    ,  .    'a  c    -'I't'v  ' 


t,.  1.. 


!«•  tii'ii-i 

I)  i;or~ 


,,,,,,     l-r,,l.aM.v.  tl-au.-- 
 „.  «    ~>iit.n.-.  .  arM  \" 

things  wliuh  no  ;  conceived. 


-v';;;;.:^  ;;:;S':;n:;.^.>'. 

i:;,;'.w>.  ^v;--;- 1;;;,!::-.!:. 

r;.:,ir  ;:^u;-;.;^ 

p.,  V.-.,/ 

i:'V;;n.  God  KEVEALED;; 

,  ,  r,  Mill        a  <l  -  Throueh 

,,   ,  ,,„„  i.  that  .-it.vt<-.l-  Througn 

the  spirit  1'""  ,  ,,,  .„,,,.  llu- 

^P::^Jarc^.everyJ^^^ 

«„.,l.  ^^l^cU  hav.-  iIh'.  "  ■» 

a„..n  in  rhri-,  .  vcr  ,  -  , 

«t.     1-  'lu    '!a  thrci- 

f,,!,l  n,H-iiti-n  in  .      has  any 


I  II.  IIJ 


I  ('(miXTillANS. 


,,f  ,,  man.  save  tlif  ^\<\r\\  »(  man  wlu.Ii 
in    liiiii'   <'V«ii   »"  tlu-  lliiiiK- 

1,1,,  . vx,  ill  II'.  tiMii.  I'lii  I'll-  Sp;rii  ■■!   I 

ij  N"W  wc  have  rci-»M\,il.  n-t  tin-  ^intit_ 
,.|   l!i<    wtI'I.  I'III   'In-   M  il  r    ,\  In.  Ii    ;  • 
t  „.,1  .  t!i  it  l.n..u   tlu   iIuiil-  iK  .' 

.ifi   iri  1  1>  «i  w  II  I"  i;^  "I  '  '"'I 


111  till-  wi'i'!^  vxliH'h  man'-,  wi'tti-m  tfiielu'lli. 
Ii'ii  uliiili  ilii  Unix  (lli.i-i  u.irliiili.  o'lii- 
|Mi  iiii:  -I'li  iiii.i!  tluiii;-  w  i'li  -iMtitit.il 

I  I  l!nt  till  n.ilnt.il  nvui  r.niv'lli  n"t 
tin-  iliiiii!-  i  l  llii    ->pr  r      ■  t   i  \ 

.ill-  |.".I;-l.m--  iMil.'  lii  'i  liMiliii  1.1,1  !i'- 
1,1;,. u  •  .,(.(.  iM.aii-t  tin  \  .iri.  -i>intiianv 
.!i-,  ,  111.  .! 


another?  ilit    the  tliiiii:'  "l         nim  \" 
,:  ,      iiii      \ll  till  iiluin.niiua  ..I  a  lu.iti'^ 
1    hli..    lu^    |>lir|"i»r«.    a^liirall'  li'.    .  !<■  , 
Mtl,n..\Mi,  atiil  f.iTi  .■Illy  In'  llir  i.l>i..| 
,1  ,..ini  1  tiiri',  iiiilil  I'l       M        111.  Ill     II-'  y 
,11.  kii.iwn  t.>  ii>>  "111'  except  i..  the  spirit 
that  in  n-i.li  ni  in  the  man  himself.  Ex- 
actly so  i>  It  Willi  <i."i.    No  one  has  ac- 
quired any  insight  t  hi.  Ii.i^  ."nn  i"  kn.  ^  • 
into  the  things  of  God  uiiui.ili).  i 
ii.iilniiu  ..1  llh-  il.t  f  i!:.!!:^."  I  M  T    1...  ex- 
cept the  spirit  of  God.    Il>    ipi..!!.  u  l> 
.1.  hli.  r.ii.  1>   ill.    I'liiM-.    ■■  til.  il 

Ill  (...,1  "  till'  llil-^::!    -'lUu'.  -I   III.  I.  I> 

|!,,  Ml.      -lit    .  ■  Ml      I,  il'.ll'  .Ui'l     ill. I 

■.        !  Iiu  i;    111.  .1  I-    ,l.,ill    till-    !•>  till' 

■  j.irit  I-  I'i.iiii  li.'iii  vif.  I-',  wliiii-  111  il' 
.iiln-  it  as  llii-  ifliit  that  Ci,',iiits  ir.'iii 

li.  (i...!'.-  inirp.'-i',  lluii.  il'  il  1'  !■'  l'<; 
Lii.'wn.    iiiii-t    Ik'    i..iiiiiiiiiii.'.iti 'i  .    .iti'i  H 

1111.1,  I -I.ill.l-   llll-  iluilli-   plul.'-.-lii.).  It 

!  .,  .,)!-.  h,  li,i~  n  i-.-ivt  <l  111.-  M.'ii  H  Now 
as  for  us.  u  t.  ^m"',  vcr.  iu>  it  was  not 
the  worldly  spirit  that  we  received,  wlu  n 
v..  1.1  iMiiu'  l'lin-1  but  the  spirit  that 
proceeds  from  God.  It  liii-  -I'lrit  'liat 
iiiiiH'  a>'.nr;iii<f  .iinl  illnnnn.il  i"ii  i' 
::uiii  that  we  might  know  the  favors 
that  God  conferred  upon  us  in  t  In  -t.  '1  .  i 

till    lliiiii;-    allu.U.I    |..    ill    \>;r    .|,  .hl! 

•  nmiiucl  ii|)  111  tin-  U..I.1  "ul.'iy  i\<i 

I  II.  .%,-;»•//  /■/  //).•  .■.  .■m'J  1-  ill.  -I'liii  "I  till- 
Ui.rl.il)  ui-f  ,111.1  iiillii.  Ill i.i'.  I'  ".li'  iii  til. 
,  r..-~  !-  I....I1-I111.     :  11  1-  I'l 1 11  .i!;.\  I 

•  ,  u..rl.lly   -im  II.    <       f  lln-   >■  1" 

■  I,  u  II..  liu:lit  'iiM'ii  til.  p  ii|"'-.  ■  .111.1  i.;!"- 
,  I  (  ,.„l,  I. HI  ..illy  the  'pit  it  ..l  <  ....1  linn 

13.     r,iul  :in\!..n-    l"    ili-.-!.i;iii  .I'l 

•Ji  .ii'cbt  tliat  tills  \M-.l..in  I-.  .'I  a  ri-.illy 
,     .1.1       kiii.l     li.'  I-   n.  .1   .it'i  .nil   .T   iiiiw  iH 

:  !,.  pill.  !, mil  It  I  111'  Mi  --iiii,;>  .11 1'l-rri  .1 
'  \  I.... I  111  (  liri-i  ar.  ll^Il^.^  which  we  also 
utter  ,111.1  .lu.iiii  i-..iiits  till-  miw  fatniliar 
.■  :;;;r  :.'  !■.:■•■.•. J. 11!  till-  ili'-inf  a!!(!  i!k'  )inm;!ti 

in  words  not  taught  by  human  wis- 
dom, but  taught  by  the  divino  spirit. 
\  .t  .mly  arc  thi-  ihoiiKhts  which  he  niu  r- 
ni  -...  .ikitli;  anil  lirisuliiiiK  t  ^0Tf>».  iwi'iM  '. 
\.r  4t  inspiri'il  by  the  spirit,  hiii  i-vcii  thi 
vcr\  wfinls.    The  bold  claim  wliicli  he  here 


maki     .111.1  will.  Il  iiiii-t  1.1    iiut  rpvi  II  .1  111 
ill.    a/-.!  ■!  1  .illi'  I    ll'.m  in  ilii    I.  It.  r.  -Ii..«  • 
. .\ I  r\\  ill  Iiiniii:  In-  .■■.n-.  ;"n  r-  .- 

..|    ilii-    .lull!.,    pi.-. Il  l      I  111     t..'l  .uink; 

|,1|1,,    ,.         TKl.tiir.J,    on         l.,r   «•''  >         fflH.U.lTi  .i 

i».  I /.(Hi  cH  r(«  !..,  ...  li  lt    .htll.  'i't    I.,    nil  ; 

pill.     1 1.  1  -    I'll"..'!!'.,    in.  .111    1    I'.  .1;..  . 
■.,(  ,  ,  .  f    .  ;.  ,   .  ■  '  .111. I    ■    1"     I  -  i     .  ■: 
t'n-   1...    1,  1.1,    11.  ,M-    i-r    limit       i'l..  M. 
>  ,  n  .  ,i  .  il  l-   \<  !-<■  il.  .1!'  XMtli  till-  till  nu- 
.  .l  I  li, .  j.i .  , I .  ! ni I  i  1.    pi  1  ■ ,  1 .     : '  .    I'l  III'  . 
ti..ni.l  ti'l  \.  r    I  I     In  il:  i!  .  1  '  .  'I   -I'  111- 
|.  -I    I,.  !l  III  1  ,«,    it  I  I'..'    I.y    .  tl.i- 
t  ,\ .  I      Tri*.iiirifta       .'.In.-li      .n.       i.  .'ill  I'l.  .  1 
,ir,     tllr    ll;..!!::!'!-    .i.i.i    '!.•     u  .i.!-  I...I 
.1-    111-    li.i-     in-.|     1.1       .;.  .  i:,    ..1.  ni 
-pn.  .1   l.s    llii    -pin        .  1 .  1.  1 .    "  ur  ■.ttiT 
ill,  -    il  l     -.   comhininj;   spiritual  itK.i-. 
with  spiritual  Im.  ,,.n  '    It  i-  inii>..--il.l.- 
i.ii;       ,  .    m  In;''-!,  ill.-  1  \ir.i,.r.lni.iry 
,  iiiplLi-  -  ]  i.,.!ik-i,l  l  y  tllr  i'iM.-ip.-ili..ti  "I 

•1,1  tint,  U'.l'l-  llnl.l .  111-.-.  >r  ■  n.i.iiTin. 
:r».«i  u<<  riMin.  irinuiriMi  jlii"  ti  in  |..r 
ulii.li  I'.i:;!  I-  pi.  I.!  1  i-.  ,    ill'  -tian 

,M-.l..n:    i.    I   ..   •        .    ■  -      •■  'I  by 

I  111   .i;  I' 1  -  ^;.illn-i  i  .1  up  lu  i .    .  ''■ '  i  ■  * '  i 
u  111  Itinmi   I'  'I  >  ,■- 

14.  Now  a  natural  man  is  not  recep- 
tive of  the  things  of  the  spirit  of  God. 

•I':  X  ^     -il  ".I..  -,'(.     I  11,.     p  -\  ,  ln,-     11,11,,     1-  a 

1  ■    .;  .,       ,  -y,        I.    ■  :         I  I      1-      11-,  '!      I'l      I  111' 

\,   A  I  ,  -'.,11!'  -It     '    .    ,1,  li'  'I,     ill,-    II,., 11     U  Il'l 

i,,-  ,.nl\     .1     r'  W     l-..l!;i     I'll     11"  "-'Uitl 

I  -|,n  !t  .  (if  ,-'  .,ir-'-.  Ill  '  '11,-  -'  II  ,-.  '  '. ,  1 V 
111. Ill  II.,-  ;i  "  ■  I  ,  I.  \ ,  r  I  -■  '  I'  ■'  .-.  II.  1  .■ 
n   1-  iiiii,  .".  li,  ,1  .I'l, I   '!'!■ !! ■nr-t-.it,  ,!   I  >  lli, 

.li\  lllr    -pir't.    II     1-    .1-   1    .1-    I, "11  I  \l-l 

1  lit  lit  J  ii.l.-  \  1  I  |.),  u  n,  r,  ,-.  :  I.I  ni  iii.  ii 
.111-  il,.-i-ri!„  ,1  .1-  f ,  .  .  ,'/'i;  II.:  ■  '. 
Ii,i\  iiii:  -"111.  l.'ii  II, ,  -;,ir't  I  In  lli  il  . 
til,'  ni.in'-  11. .n-pli\ -K  il  I'li  i- in  ..iily  t-\pu-^s 
ii-i-ll  llir..n«h  111-  -i'yn.  -■  I  I  In-  -...nl  \- 
n,.t  tii-ii-->.iri'y  bail,  bnl  rcpn-iiit^  tlu- 
iinpnriti.il  ii.ilitr.il  .-ilfirti.  -.  tin-  rartbly  as 
i.ppiiviil  |i,  tin-  lu'.ivriily,  tlif  ti.itural  as 
iijipiiNi-il  III  till-  ^iiiritit.i!  .iiiil  -iipt  rti  itiiral. 
Siu-li  a  ni.-m.  i.Iix  i,.'i-'\ .  '  '  1."  '  ..,-,'' ,'iHi* 
till-  tliitii;-  ..l  ill.-  .Imii.-  -pint,  li-  li.i-  no 
,ippr.  -inti  'ii  .if  lb,  111.  for  to  him  they  are 
folly,  and  he  can  attain  no  knowledge 
of  them,  for  ilu-  -iiiipU-  rca-mi  tli.-it  the 
test  of  them  is  a  spiritual  one,  and  hav- 


24 


I  CORINTHIANS. 


[Ch.  hi 


I.S  Hut  hv  that  i-  siunln.il  ni<lKeth  all 
thiiiK-.  \<  t  li>'  luni-clf  i-.  ]u<1k<i1  111  II"  ni;i". 

Id  l-'.ir  uli.>  h.itli  kiMwu  tlu'  111111(1  I'i 
llii-  i.i'nl.  iliat  111'  niav  iii>lriict  him  i'  Hut 
ttc  liavi-  the  iniiid  ><{  Christ. 


I  A.NIl 


CHAPIER  ,v 
I.  linthrcii,  conlil  ii"t  sjicak  unto 


<T  I'M 

'.,  /•■■ 


unto  carttal, 

.in.l 


i! 


Ui't 


you  as  until  spiritual,  luit  a-> 
a»  unto  lialii  ~  ui  C'liri--t 
I    li.m-   till   >"n   "illi  unlk. 
till  at  ;  t'l  T  linhtTli '  yi    w  <  ri- 
.  iir  (/.  m  uluT  >i  t  \\<'\\  ari-  >c  .ililo. 
\     I'tir   \r  an-   >rl   >arnal:    lur  uluri'as 
llwr,-  is  aiiiDiiK  yen  cuvyiun.  ami  strife 
anil  .lui^i"ii^,  arc 
as  nu  n  ' 


VI'  nut  carnal,  and  walk 


in«  till  sf-iiituiil  illnniinalintt.  ho  lacks  the 
faiitltv  t'l  te-.t  them. 

15.  '  The  spiritual  man,  on  the  other 
hand.  n\ui  iiiis,(s~c  -  tin-  larnltN.  has  the 
test  for  everything.    Ili.n-  1-  a  uli-K; 

«MlM  ,.t  I  S|irll.  Ii.  i     -  al.  ■!         tllr  I'->lllU- 

]>•■■'.  l.iiiiihar  i.nii  l>'it  m 
\uliii-  111  lii^  -iHi  it'.;.il  i:iiini:":ii  i"ii.  lu'  ran 
CNliinaU-  111. I  liiil)  tliiM-  ihiiii;-.  Imt  uti 
ll:iir:,s  at  llieir  ]<f>\<>  r  \ahi>-  I  lii-  very 
epi-tli  .  \\!ili  !l-  many  i-xinliiti' "I  I'ai'l - 
\ii--alili!\  ami  tart  m  ilr.ihiii;  with  vatiini- 
an.!  ill  111'.. le  iin.l  lini-.  1-  an  i  veellenl  illiis- 
tr,iii..n  lit  till'  ii'  Uir  lie  here  claim-  tur 
the  -I'll  I'll  '!  ii'  i"     B"*  -SA"''""' 

;;j(iii  ,■:  ,1  \tliiii:^.  he  is  not  himself 

caii.il.Ie  1.1  heitii;  tested  by  any  one  win. 
is  11,. I  •.]iintnai.  The  Girinthiaiis  ha\e 
heeii  crilu  i.  inu  I'aul  ( iv.  ix.  .\>  :  he 
here  neiulv  hint-  th.at.  sn  hmu  as  they  re-  ^ 
main  nn-.|iiritnal.  they  lack  the  jiower  to 
uiuler-lanil  hull,  aiul  their  criticisms  can 
amount  n.  iiHthm^'.  \ 

16.  I'aul  clenches  his  imint  here,  as  j 
(ifliti.  hy  a  i|ii.ilatiiiii  Imni  ihe  li-ta-  ; 
niint  1  l~aiali  xl.  tli  .ii'.;li  Uc  iI'H-  n..t! 
inttii.li  I  I  It  uilli  a  (MJ""-'?!  -,»-,oairTa.  i  i.  , 
In  I  I.I  I'lilui'  !lii'  -innliial  man  aih  -  i 
<in,ilily.  ..IK  11111-t  ..ni-ill  1"-  -iMninal.  liiat 
is,  in-  in  |i.."i"i..n  i.l  ihe  --i.inl  of  (iml 
(  viT  III.  aii.l  tin-  can  In  -ai.l  nf  im 
iiii  trh  ■■i.-\.!iic"  man  The  -pintnat  man 
1-  tint.  !  -I  lii\<.iiil  till-  ratine  ..f  hi-  ciit- 
ici-m-  for,  in  the  w.inU  ..i'  l-aiali.  who 
(ill, It  n..  nil  re  man*  cm  r  knew  (a..i.  > 
the  mind  of  the  Lord?  Nois  imi  imi.n'ii- 
crlv  ttati-lali-  the  IKhrew  wurit  lor  ■ipint; 
It  I-  the  -|iirit  on  its  iiitelh'Ctnal  side. 
But  WE  1  nuns  iiniihatici  are  in  posses- 
sion of  the  -pirn  of  the  l.nril.  or  as  he  lu  re 
calls  it.  the  mind  of  Christ.  In  is.iiah, 
till-  l.i'l  j  is  of  course  Gik]  .  the  •  i-v  -n'.- 
.vlitiition  of  Christ  fur  the  I.,  t.'  n  tin  -.>  - 
ond  clau-e,  -how-  h"W  i"i  Paul, 
Christ  and  <;..<I  w.  t,   ■■]■  nt'in  d  '  ■  i  ' 

iii.  I.  2.  Taul  w.xiiil  mily  ha\e  heeii  loo 
Ulail  to  ha\e  e\;.-iin,li  ■!  {..'ini  ("..raitluan^ 
the  ••  my-ti-ry  "  of  ■'the  wi-ih.iii  .'I  <i."l 
lull  t.i  men  in  -nch  .1  I'Mulitinn  a-  ilir'i-. 
the  thim;  was  -imply  nnpo— iMe  And  I 
for  my  part,  brethren,  he  coiiiinnes.  could 


not  speak  to  you  as  to  spiritual  men, 

l'..r  iM  re  ii'  tliiiiL:  "t  ili.'  kiii.l  :  on  the 
contrary.  1  w..-  ..Iih(.;i.l  t..  a. Mr.--  you 
as  men  of  flesh,  as  babes  in  Christ.  I  he 
(  .iiinthian-  were  Lhn-liati-,  they  were  in 
t/;i/.i/,  l.iit  lluy  hail  m.iile  iin  pri.«re-s 
l.uai.l  -pinlnai  maturity  (ii,  dt.  ihey 
wi  re  -till  hahe-,  as  he  tenderly  tcf,  /dv/Zi'vii, 
\rr  II  and  somewhat  e\cii^ingly  calls 
lliiin.  I'hey  were  — not  indeed  /•.«.Vi'"'- 
iiatiind  men  (11.  14)— hut  practically  on 
the  same  level.  111  m)  far  as  they  were  m- 
cap.ihle  {.oi'K  idii'aa<>f.  \er.  .'I  of  .1  truly 
-piritual  appreciation.  ihey  were,  in  .1 
word,  capktvoi,  men  of  iK-li.  men  who-i- 
nature  i-  tle-lily.  -lit;litl\  ilitYereut  fn.iu 
anphihoi  i.f  ver  nl  lle-lily  iii-tiii.t-  ami 
li  nileiK'ii -.    carnal     Ami    -inc.     y.m  «ir-,' 

h.ihe-.  it  was  with  milk  that  I  fed  you. 
not  with  solid  food,  for  you  were  not  yet 
strong  enough  i  vi  r  j  1  l-'or  .1  -mular 
nil  .1,  i  f.  I  li  111 .  u  -  \  I  -■  \ ;  -.'  I  lu  re  is 
iiiithint;  e-.itiric  111  t'hn -liainty .  Imt  the 
presentation  nf  it  ha-  l.i  he  ailaplnl  to 
the  cqiacitus  of  tln.-i  wh..  are  laiisht. 
//,•  wa-  11  .t  ahle  (."'''  v^iiv"v>'>  because 
V  Will    ::i.t   alle  »'i'i ''m"'*  I . 

With. lilt  -vnipathy.  al!  cntici-ni  1-  wide 
,a  ill,'  mark  Mil-  1-  tin  i:iner;il  triuii. 
wliuh  r.iiil  lure  a|i|.he-  wilh  Rrial  fmce 
t.i  tlu-  -pecUic  tr-tli-  ..|  I  hn-tiaiiuy  What 
li,.  call-  ■■  the  llmm-  ..|  the  -|iint  "  can 
.iiily  he  iiniler-tiiod  ami  iiUerprileil  hy  one 
w  Im  him-  ell  ha-  the  -pint,  that  is  hy  one 
will,  ha-  heetl  elltiuhtened.  Now  the  Ci>- 
rinihian-,  thnuiih  they  were  Christians  tcf. 
ver.  1  >  hecan-e  they  had  believed 
( fVccrrnVoTf,  ver.  5)  had  not  yet  (<>ii»">l 
nacheil  this  staye.'  Where  the  impediment 
lav.  we  see  in  the  follovviti«  section. 


7  /ic  CiinuilHv  of  l\irtisiinsliii'    the  Whole 
Church  is'Coii's.  her  f.fad.  rs  hut  His 

Si  r:  iiii/.v  (  iii      ') ' 

3.  Whrti  I  wa-  with  y.iu,  -a>-  tlu;  Apos- 
I'r.  \.i.i  uere  nut  -irmi^;  emnmh  f..r  the 
-nli.r  lii.'il  1  wa>  prep.ired  t.i  Hue,  and 
your  present  dissensions   sliow   that  the 


C'H.  Ill] 


1  COKIXTIIIAXS. 


4  For  while  one  saith,  I  am  of  Paul ; 
ami  anutlu  r,  I  am  of  Apollos ;  arc  vc  not 

carnal ? 

5  U  li"  lluii  N  r.-iiil,  .-ITUI  wh,,  is  Apol- 
Imi!    inim-ti'r>  liy   wlnmi   \c  liclicvcil, 

c\.ii  ;i-  liif  l.c.nl  K.'.i'  to  c\crv  111.111"' 

I  lia\c  plaiitc.l.  Apoll.is  vvatcrd ;  but 
(I'xl  gave  tlio  increase. 


25 


/    ;^    """  i.''  tli.it  planl.th 

;•>">     ling,  „,„i,,r  he  that  watcrc  h ;  but 

o  \o\v  he  tli.ii  plaiitilh  .111,1 
watcrclh  arc  one:  ,,i„l  ,„  ,n 

jeuc  his  own  rewar.l  aeaiiiliiii:  i, 
lalioiir. 


lu-  th.it 
-li.ill  re- 

own 


ca.se  IS  no  better  to-day.  Why.  even  at 
this  moment  you  are  not  strong  enough 
for  you  are  carnal  still.  The  com, 
.sh.)w.>  liiat  thi>  wonl  has  a  wide  siojie 
It  N  not  conlined  to  scMial,  or  even  to 
MiiMMl  Mils.  I, lit  covers  tlio>e  tempers  and 
.h-iH.-.iii,,ns  th.it  e.\pre>>  themselves  in 
-true  .111.1  <|i"eii-i,,ii.  I  heir  earii,-ilit_\  w  is 
11,1,  111. ilile :  for  where  there  is  among 
you  mi  -l, 111. ,11  .  r  jealousy,  and  ilie  strife 

"           -■:'<■>   K.i'N.  are  ye  not 

carnal?  are  ye  not  leading  vour  hves 
1:11  ualkiii^i  after  the  fashion  of  1111,11- 
!i«hi.iie,I  men?  .\it,r  stiir\\  s,,nie  .\l.vS. 
«r..iiKiy  a, 1,1  ".iihl  (li\ i.sj, ,11,  "  ( /,ai 
HiXoaraaiait,  |,,1Iouiiik  Cal.  v  jo  j  h.- 
metaphor  of  :,;ilkiii,^  aiiplieil  I,,  a  way  oi 
life.  Is  very  frecpieiit  111  the  I'.ihle,  'an,| 
w.is  very  natural  to  .111  (  iiuiii.il. 

4.  5-  I'aill  at  oiue  |ir, n  eeds  with  a  cni- 
>  r-.  I,  ilhistration  of  the  slrile  whu  li  prmes 
iii.ir  .  _,riialiiy.    I  mean.  When  one  says. 

'  P*"^"         another.  "I 

to  Apollos,    are  you  not  ni,njiin  on  .1 
purely  human,  imcnlii;Iitcned  plane?  (ver 
4'     He  does  not  here  a<ld  Peter,  as  ni  : 
I    1-'.  in.  jj.  his  ,,u„  „;„„e  ,^,„|  I 
\I>o,|,,s  woiihl  n.iiMiMllv  lie  the  most  fa- 
'"'Mr,  aii.l  tlie  .li!,  .,,  ,!  .hit,  reiices  between 
th,in  wiMiid   he   th,-  eliiel  e.iuse  ..f  strite 
What  then   !„■  asUs  wuh  rismjr  ,,„.,,,■,,„ 
IS  Apollos?    in,.,t.  neuter,  n.  „„u-l,  m  .ro 
(tt.^tne  lh,-ii  Tis,  „h,.-  .t    »!■,  \,      ,s;.  „  ,, 
Is  III,  re  ill  Ap.,II,,s  ,,r  i'.iuP     IIk-'        -i  j.  .„ 
=  -    ■li.iui;iiu-,iil_\    r,|H.ii,,l:    and    what  is 
Paul?    N,,.,  :Jr:'        //  ,.,,„,„,  ,,„,,. 

I'a'iy  word.    Ministers,  he  .m-u.rs  u.-h 

elUpllaSlS, —  ;,„,!     ,„,;     h,a,!s     ,  ,  f  |K|M:,-: 

ply  Io«ly  s,  r\.iiit,,  by  whose  agency  ye 
became  believers  ( 

pr-priatei>  ,,f  ihe  imii.,1  ,„  1  .'.f  h, 'i,'i  1' 
Uearly,  then,  some  had  1„  en  c.in,^,! 
tiirn„t;h  Apollos.  HenKei  li.ippiiv  ,,„ii- 
ments:    ,/„-„„^./,   „.|„„„_   ,„„  ^^1^^,^^ 

I.elieM.l:  Ihey  are  but  ai;eiit-.  ii^.i  ,,l,we"ts 
lu    .  ^5?**  minister.  ,1,  according 

as  he  Lord  (whether  Christ.  ,,r  perhaps 
"  "  •1  .1  VI  r  Q  aud  especiallv  v  10  •  .,i„l 
I     s.iini  ir  .loubt  cf.  i.  ji)  endowed  him.  i 

0.     I  hat   these  men  are   but  tnitnsters, 
ami  their  powers  but  Riffs,  j,  illustrated  ' 
D>  the  following  verse;   It  was  I  (iym 


'■nplu  v>  who  planted,  it  was  Apollos 
who  watered.    I  .   cnmhian  chur,  h 

0.11,,,.,,,,|      t,,     ,1     .,,,,1,,,  „r 

;'■  i'.'^^l  „.,t  .le,u  the 

l-r  (,,,.1  w.„u  in...,,  J,  lo.a.  ,,r.       „„,„  . 

'•>.   tile    luill,,,,,   ,..;,|,t,  ,„,,,, „,,,,,  ,„„, 

d.llere  ,  .a te.l.    as    ,,;.„,.,,-,  ,„„, 
But  •dl    tin,   hiim.,,1    .u.,r,  ,.,.,„, j 

ut\  sici  I,  ,ns 


'II  ll'  thiiii,'.  were  It  not  \,,y  ^U^■ 


l  ilt  God  llmisell  wh..  all  the  time   ,  ),i,|,t-  I 

was  causing  it  to  grow.    Ihe  .l,r.,,,ii,e 
■i  twe,  11    il„.   .•„„.,.t   and   the   inipert,,  ,  ;s 
'-■  .ipll.v   lihislr.ited:   the   w.irk   ,,|    P.,  ,1 
■'H'l    \I"'ilos  ,s  represente.l  as  an  act.  that 
'  "    '"  "I   as  ;i  e,.iitinii,.ii,   pmeess.  Taiirs 
,UeiUT.,iis  reler.iK-e  f,    Vi.  -,.,  here,  as  tol- 
■■«in^  lip  th.    «,„k  ^l,.u  he  himself  b.ad 
"-■■n.  is  a  delicate  nhiike  of  the  Conn- 
I-arty  spirit,  winch  >et  them  n„  as 

7.  8.    So  then    if  .he  real  growth  is 
1"    li  lt    Miwle  ,1111,1,  rl.M,i«  ,„,„,.r  of 
•""I  v\atennK 

,  . .1.1,1  ahke  l„.  I,.,.-,  ,h,.  hiini.ni  a.euts 
j  n  ay  h,-  s,,,,!,      ,  ,„  ,,,,, 

I  all :  neither  planter  nor  waterer  is  any- 
thing whatever:  on  the  contrary  it  is 
Uod  who  causes  the  growth,  tl  .a  1,  ,11 

I  "1  all  t  ver.  -1.     11,,.,,.  ,„,,.,(  Ve 

^implied;   the  meaning  m-i   |„  ,   ,.,„  ,hai 

is  snmethiuK  (TM  h;t  ||,. 
'  Y  '  V''""«-  Still,  tb-myli  till,  a,„| 
ill  t-luistian  w.irk  is  swall,,w.,|  up  i,',  th, 
•le  (..-I  >er\iee  of  the  oi„.  (;,„|,  ,,|,|j^  „h,.,l, 
•;"  ';n;'t  atl.r  all,  and  their  w.-rk  as  in- 
•■iw  ii.,,s  will  !„.  ,h,ly  ree,.«ui/..,i  ami  re- 
u  inl.,1  Now  planter  and  waterer  are 
one  muter,  as  if.  i„  ,h..,r  capacity  as 
•'■"1  s.Tvaiits,  ih.ir  per..,ii.ditv  w.is  lost: 
.'">  as  u  w.-r. .  .1:,    111  xervice.  one 

'ii.v/no,,,  „M/„v  Almmi.  th.  v  .„,.  ,.,„.,  not 
tii-r.t..r.  ruals,  ,,s  ,|„.  (;,r„„hians  had 
I'"  "     lepr,  s..|„,„^     ,|„,„      |.  ,,,|.,  J 

"I'Kiit  b.-  .ui,,.,,,,),!,  ,,,„,.„ , 

ll"-   in.livi.hi.il.  h-i  th,'   ■       Vl  ,,,  ,■ 

of  .  !V.  . ...         ^  , iili  - 

j  of  iiiis.i|,|,r.-h.M-si,,n  .  .,,,,1  ,1,,.  \'^'|,';','  ^|,-",|';, 
[next  s,.,-n,,„  Mv.  10  15,  ,\  ,„,  ,.l,„|,„„,  i^.., 
I  lor   p<  rson.,1    r.s,,.  .nsihilitv      I  li..ii>.h    ( ,„d 
IS  everything,  the  individual  is  something 


2G 


I  ("OltlNTIllAXS. 


[C  II.  HI 


ij  l'..r  «i>  ail-  l.iI..iiirM>  i..u,;lMr  ui'.liM  luui-  laiil  the  f<iini(l.iti(>ii,  and  another 
(„„|  V,  .in'  I  i.iiT.s  !ni-lianilr\.  \r  ( i'"!'^  I  I'liiM.  Ill  tli<i...ii.  lint  K  t  t\<r>  ni.ni  taki- 
j,!,,;,!,,,,^  '    '  jliii'l   li"U    In-  limli'itli  ilii  rfiip' 'n, 

III     Vrii.riliii'^  to  .  .  fi'i  ..!  w!  :  ;i       M     I'  1    ..tlur    li lur.ii.i; ii  1:1   i-an    im  niaii 


\  I  ,  11111, h  and  each  mm  shall  re- 
ceive his  own  jiT'  iu  r  reward  for  his  own 

lir..]"  !-  tcil.  1  ill-  \<  1  .  til  1'-^  .ImhI.C 
ioioi'  it'll  rim  ly  ri  1:1-1.1''  i:  ii.iii' i^l  '.il. 
All  ailiHiit  I'l 'innii  Mtil"!'.  1  "l;'  lin' 
:i|,.-rr    11-1,    ^■'^1II■,  VI  ;    «ii",'ii'.  W'TK, 

I.  ••  ;•!!.!  Wil.ll   It   1  .    ill.l  i."t 

liir.-;i  lii.    u  '.i.     at  ..■;>   v  ^l- 

9.    ■)  1:1-  11  liii  .  1  ;i  <  1.  Ill  ;  "•.  -.u^'- 

1  ,f  ill,'  iii.l  V  hill  ,1  :-.  ii,  '  '.  1  r.  .iili  !■  -ill. 
;,l    I  ,  ,    -i.^u-  ,  1,1.1.    Mili-iiii.iry  :   the  |»,int 

W  ;  1,  II     r.i    !     1-    11,.;11,:\         '1  iTMIi  ll    t,i  liriM- 

li, ili,,t  .i';  ,  .  '.  111.  li.  nil  iiiiii  ami 
If      1  -  ai.K,  .  ,11 ,   1  I  .r  ■!  ill'  irl'.v,'  lli.it 

all  i|i'iM>~niiiii  tii  ii.irti-an-liii>  slimilil  \aiii-li 
1..  |,i;»-  111  >  i;rial  :iiiii\.    For  it  is  GOD'S 

fellow  workers  that  we  are:  it  is  GOD'S 
field.  GOD  S  building  that  you  are.   In  .1 

lllii'i'  cl.iiix^.  "<<" ,  a,  tii-t  W't'l.  i--  Mi\ 
i-nii'liatii-  I  III-  1-  tlir  r,  .il  .i:'<'  "I  liii' 
jMity  -.[lint,  tl.it  tiny  .n'l'  .ill  ti",!'--  a- 
<Hiii'>,  lluy  ni-i-t  I„  I'll'.-.  Ill  f>-  liiii-t  1"' 
till  t'.ii'ti''!-  |,l.iiiti  r  .111,1  watiur  .11,  "!■■- 
/,  ',\  -  w .  'I  l.,  i  -  "  I  •'  >  i'"l  la -i''  •  ' ' 
i"..iiiitlii.iii^  '.ri'in,  ,1  ■"  li..  k  :  an.l  lli,  y  u,  i,' 
(ji'il'.i  Wi.rU,  r-  ti.nii  l,.i,  .  Ill  :!n>  '  .  , 'in- 
in  1  lull.  1  lu'  111,  .iimi.u  1-  n,  'i,  "  1,  1 
\V"i  'r>i  i  -  1 11  111."  Iiiit  1)1  loiiLiiim  I,'  <  I  'i 

■|  l,,.    i-ln'M-il    li;.-    .ill,  ,;,K    In  .  It   ,1,  -,T.'i,,l    1  ■> 

ini!-:i.-.a:.  "I  .1-   I  I'.'  M  >        (•  N      m  till-  II-  M 

1  •,  .11    1  \  \     1 . 1  1 1  ■  I  u    i~    ,1'  -i"r  li,  '1    a-  a 

l.i!i!.'.:!i.a  ;  til,    1.1-1   '  -  "1   \'  '' 

man.  I-  tin-  mic  Mi  l  'it  .iiul  iiin-' ulr.cc  the 
mliir. 


I  hi  uii-iiinlnal  nattiro  uf  thi'  Cnriii- 
lliians  iv  s|i,,\Mi  liy  tlkir  cliiiii'li  <li\i-iiin>, 
.ami  tlu--i-  auain  n. -t  nil  an  in.iiKi|nali'  a|i- 
Unvialinn  nt  tlu'  t.i,t  tli.it  tlu'  rintn-li  is 
<|ii<r>,  and  liiT  KiidiTs  hut  His  iiiim-tiTs, 
The  unity,  wliuh  i-  ihn  itrtuil,  vmII  hf  a^- 
siircil,  whtii  tli.it  is  ninKr-tiMiil. 


7  "  ■■  l\'rs["'usihility  of  thr  Church's  l.tUtJcis 
tiii.  Ill  I5». 

10.  T'anl  mi\v  wnrk-  mit  with  sunu' 
flail,  11  ,i! I'  n    til,    iiK^^i   "t   tlu-   i-|iiiich   ;i-  a 

1,1-1  u  "1 ,1-  ,  'I  >  I  1'  'I  i  h'  la'  '"It  I an' 
limMiiii:  ("i,,,r-.  .111,1  ,.n,'  l,iiin,|.iti,iii — 
Jfi-ii-  ('hif-t:  hut  the  hiiililiTs  aii'  many 
(ver.  11),  and  ihe  ni.iterials  arc  varied. 


i  Ik  |,  miulati.  Ill  i>  laid  diu-i-  I'ur  all  (  ftfiun'o?, 
\ir  li  I,  \il  in  .1  -iii-c  it  niu-t  ,i  ,  he 
l.,:,|  l.y  liir  p.in u -.il.ir  iniiinK  r  ni  a  l,,i-al 
.  liiiu  li.  siii'li  r.ial.  i'n--  la 'iiiiii  'l  ,\  ',  ./  . 
u  1  -il,  .111    I  \  -  :  .   .a  ai   tl.i-,      ,  /.'.a' 

,■  ■f  t,  ,!.  Ill'  |., ,--,-.-'- ;  i.r  u  iiia>  lu- 
ll!.,1  l'i;>  l,!l.!-i-  ii'n-  Wli:.  II  H.i. 
1  \  ill,  ur.ua-  i,i  li'i'I  tli.il  ill-  wa-  lu  iv  ;1, ,1. 
..-  ,aii  a]i,stlf  li\  \,'i.ra.ii  (1.  11  t.,  /,;y  ii 
/  'iiiitliil  Iliiiu'/li  uc,  .in-  ni.i>  i,iil\  nuail 
-kili'iil.  II  is  iniiiii^^a.h-,  .il'tir  tin-  Inti^  di*- 
i-.>-.i,in  ill  i.-li~.  I.  .lid  il..  I'll  aK'i  t,i  liml 
111  It  an  .■illn-i'in  t,i  ao-'^in  ( -is  i-d.  ,iii  i  in 
tlu-  tniiri-  t,  i'hiiioal  si-t: -i-.  In  -I'  li-  "l  lii> 
-'  (.  iiin  i;  ill  |iria-i.alii  III  dl  v\i-il. 'in.  Ik-  rlaiiiiN 
liiiii-ilt  III  In-  wi-i-,  a--  .'1  iii,i-ti-r  li-ii:ili-r  ta 
.v..''l  uliu-h  il  ,  -  11.  I  na  ill  di^i-jiK-r.  hut 
,1,1  u,'rkin;m».  hai  '  is  tin-  inn-  wis- 
dniii  that  ei'iiu-s  l'_\  tin-  f.iM'r  ,'t'  (iud. 
According  to  the  grace  of  God  which 
was  g^ivcn  to  me,  as  a  wise  master- 
builder  1  laid  a  foundation,     i  Im;  \\.i- 

lli-   |i,  i" ' '  ■,  1"   !...!.  .    I!    \\  .1-    ihi    1  ■■  1  -  n  >  •  ■  ..I 
1  ,ih,      I-      ,       ;.-r  a;,  i. .  . !.  \ ,  1,  .p  In-  »\  •  1 1. 
And  anotiier  builds,  '  i    •  /■((.  ,/  (  .,.  upon 
it.    IK-  can  li.iiilly  h,   laiiiriii'j  tn  Xp'illn-. 
uh"   w.;-   r."l   .it    (.'"inilii.   u'aii    tia  'iltiT 

u..-.  1..  an;  ii'i.  II  ISM  ij  '  But  let  each 
man  see  how,  ili.ii  i^.  unli  uli.ii  inati.-- 
n.,:-  he  is  building  upon  it.  I'linl  -  wnrk 
,1-  a  i,  iiiiul.ii '11  hiiihlir  -ii-uri  :  Ikti-  i.-. 
,-1  -,ihnin  uariiin.i;  t,i  tlu-  ntlirr  tiaclii-rs. 
wli'i  fiiiuinuf  hi^  Wnrk.  The  rt- 1\- ri-iifi-  all 
thnuiKh  appears  to  be  t<»  teachers  and 
llieir  teacliinn. 

i  II.  It  In  Hilly  .ilniut  the  super, iriicture 
that  adviee  needs  to  he  sivi-n    fur  alHiitt 

itlie  fiMindatiiiii  there  cm  he  im  dmiht  It 

'is  fi\ed  and  sure,  laid  ;tlr>-.idy.  .iiid  nrice 
fur  all  aii'l  no  one  can  lay  another 
foundation  alongside  of  i  inpti  wnh  ua-  » 
the  one  ainady  laid  (l>y  (ind),  and  that 
is  Jesus  Christ:  Tii^a,  ,il, 'nu-ule  nt.  in  onn- 
parisdii  with,  here  alinu^t  -  :  th.in.    Jt  Siis  is 

•  the  fiinnd.itiiin  ;  the  ihiireli  i^  t'nuiid,,!  iii"iii 
a  l'er>"n,  n.it  np'>n  a  v\-iein  •<{  niitli>. 
I'his  hi-tiineal  pei-nn.  li"V\,\,i.  i-  ihe 
MeN^iah,  (.'lin-t,  li,'lie  nt  tile  aiu-ieiil  jew, 
hope  I'f  tlu'  world'-  heart,  (lod'-  oun 
aiioinieil:   --o  tli.it   ihi-  name  i-  a  emiti-- 

j,       ,  .};.     .-  ir!:.  -:     -;:;i;;!j-;     ;  ir:  a  .  :  n  !  1 : 1 :  -.!  of 

the  eliureli  Ihe  ehiireli  i-  to'iiid,  d  iip,,n 
le--ii>.  and  the  reeoiiiiit I, ai  of  lli-  Me-M.ih- 
ship;  every  time  we  -.peak  nitelli>;eiitly  of 
Jesus  Christ  we  acknowledge  that. 


Cn-  ni]  I  COinXTIIlAXS. 


27 


1^  Xmv  if  ;my  man  ].uilil  iiihmi  iln-i 
fonii(laiioii  R,iM.  >ilvtr,  jirccums  stdiu-. 
wnnil,  Ikiv.  sttibljlt  ; 

K\  Kvcry  iii.in"s  work  .hall  l.c  ni.i.lo 
nianiffst:  for  tlic  dav  shall  il.vian-  it 


li-iili  1.;;  It  tlicrcui.-.n,  lie  shall  receive  a 
rrw  ,inl. 

15    It  .iiiy  mans  «.,rk  .liall  l,e  biirnid. 

!<■  -hall  Mitt.r  !...-.;  Im.i  Ik-  Iiiims.Ii 


cause  it  shall  l,e\e"v-eaU;i' V'li'n  7a,M  xhr  "' i -V" K„;, " ;' j,,;"  ,|;;„  "J;,'  , . , ,  .,„  , 
fire  -  all  try  e\rry  inatis  w,.ik  .,|   what|.  i  (     '  '  ' 

hurt  It  is. 

14    If  any  man"';  work  aliidi-  wlnVIi  Ii 


/,';,//  the  Spinl        i  .  .,|  .ludl- 

iil,  in  xciu: 


17    1 1    any    man    .1,  tik-    ih>    umiiK-  ,,i 


-       ^a,■^^,.  ,na,.  Ma!  l.ua.K  r  ro  i,,„,.  T,, 1  ,  ; 

,  V""..                               '''V  ''--         -<'«■• -I  --.l.  yet  «,  as  through 

hke  .iwirl.le.  a.uU.ano  p....r  an.l  ,.  ,,-l,al.I..  ,,i„J>t  ,.„  il,,  „„!,„,'nt   ,1„.      |  ; 

like   ..v.^J.   Iu,y.   ,u.d   .■/„/..,,.    ,„•.   „,   i„          „  ,  -M  . 

mure    accnrate     tlu-.e    are    n.,t    .hlh  r,  nl  o  ..  k:..  an  muM  InnK  a.,1  n  ,,,  .,' ,  ■  I  J  '  v,"  K 

-irui-tnres,  Init  (iitU-renl  materia!  liniil  inn,          p...  "■tk. 

<iiie  .livnie  temjile   (ver.   i;i   ti.M|\  Imil.l-  tnat. 


s.riK-tnres.  l,ii,  .ji.U-rent  materia!  linnl  ,„,..  ,Mm,n«  an.i  .ern.u-.l.  he  l.at.  Ii  re- 

one  .livnie  temjile   (ver.   i;i   l„„[\  Imil.l-  tnat 
ii\H  (ver.  9).     Ihe  allusion  is  to  clitTerent  j 
t>i)es  of  teaeliiiig.   If  any  man  builds  on 

the  foundation  gold,  silver,  costly  stones.  The  r..,l  ,|„..l,.v  ,.f  ,!u   «„k  l,v 

on  the  one  ha.Kl.  or  wood,  hay.  Stubble,  the  te.uh.  r.  l.f  tliV  >  lni,vl,.  „,  |  „,1  ,     ,  ? 

on  the  other-.  nni.ate  anii.l  the  e,,,i,,:-,,.n-  ..f      ,  V  > .  , 

3-15-    W  «ha;      lo  I,,  r!,,  ,,-t  .1  ,,,,„„„.  ^,,|,         reK.al..|   i„      ,  ' 


I        i  .t  ■  —  .         '  II  111 II .11,   «  u i    IK-    rt'M  ait  (1    111    I  lii    li  1  \ 

vahu-  of    Im  material  /     Ihat  vm!!  I„.      ,  ,    rH|.,„eii,,  ^lien  onlv   that   «ln,l,  ,--,,:„[ 
-a>  -     aiil.  Ml  ih>_  ;ii.l.:nirnt     Every  indi-  ,  aiui  |,r<vMP..  \si!l  Mirvive      I  hi.  initl,  '  , 
v.dual  s  work  shall  be  made  manifest.  ^  exiinL.  .|   i,,'  e-ehato!  JiV al   ,     i  - 
for   the    mil- n.  .  .    day   shall   make   it   m.-.y  le.„i„,„„ly  ,,,  ^iCen  a  1."".;  ,1 
P-  ?,  '  ■■:;!'  '-'^  to  the  da>     ,-;,ti,.n      I  m.v  ciim,  i,       iii,l,.„uiil     iii  ,is 

Uii'll.l    ill.,'!. .SI-    llu-    (|!l;i'it\     ,,|     ,     ,..  ^  \\.^v'., 

for   ::s    !i..;lit    is    ilu-    |,n-:.t    li;    •    ,i    i  ; ,  ;'  Ih.-h'^-^,,.,'.  /• 

it  .tlMi  is.  II:.-  ,/,M  i  is  revealed  in  fire.  :  u! ';   ,  x  \ !„"  ,/  ,-    "  ' 

\iai  iriliiiir   111    r- 'iih  iiiiK  .rai  \    In  !'ri',  uhiii 

(  hris,  eaiiie.  it  wonhl  |,e  "  in  il.minu  lire  -       ,6.  17.    T-.  the  vv  amine  i,i\.n,r^'.  xer 

S"^  K        ^  J"'*'''''?"^'"^  "^""'^  """'"-^  tnen.tieV..  o'f  th.-'elinreh 

native  I  e..:e.h„.,l  ,..  the  (  i  a  ■  -  Lnis   „ ,  '  v 

l.a.e     or   .icctis.-itive-the    lire    unl    t.-r    «  h-  i  r.- !i  .|  t!„  in K  ,  .  ,  ,„  |i„      hi.  ,„  h  .1..; 

"•    V  Jiii^Ri.iH"'.  ^   '  that  you  are  1;.. I  iin'v  I 

man's  work,  which  he  built  thereon  (I ai   /  ,  /  e     ,  ,.    „,    le,"  I  li    /    '  1 
the  f.am.lation  I,  shall  abide  iMUii.  fut,.  Gods  temple  ..'mv       ,h,         r'  "],  '!!^-' 
..-.t  MM.,<)   ,h;„        if  j,  stand  that    tl„   „!....;,     ,  ,he  i , m    and  1  h  VpoH'; 

.lery  test   he  shall  receive  reward  (xer.  ,  spir.t  dwells  in  you  a-  ,  u  h  t  -  1,' u'" 


I  ,  '..f  V  .  i>   1  —  .     '     i-  ,  <n  you  .1-  I  u  li.i  e  —  11..I  li,  u 

14.  cf.  K);  if.  houevir.  any  man's  work  '  as  m  m.  v,.  „i  i!,,.  ii„hM.l„  ,|s-  vve  T,m  1 1' 

shall  be  burnt  up.  he  shall  sufTer  the  then  t'ore  ren.i.r  Vn  if 

OSS   01    hts    reuanl.     The   i,,,!,    v.,„k    .0  a-  any  o„e  ^n,hy  .,f  ih^  '  ,enle.       f  ' 

','    ';■«■"■■'>■'•  '^,.ll'>'.\v..rk   Ilia!   ean   -land  -iniMii;:  an  earthiv  1.  iiinh-  „..  -M   },.-  ,', 

'h>  ti...al  tes,.    I  he  Hre,  ,!:at  uil!  have  the  „,  death.       il  aiiy  one  destroys  God's 

MMllhle'"  "'-!"'"  "    ^ ♦rt''j'"*™«=**°"  ''hall  be  his  faTe  at 

slMlihl,    t,,   .,-he^     „    u,,'    he   an    ,  .,.e;:.,,  the  hands  of  God.    The  inx,:„...si,i,.n  of 

.:.-id;n.  .all  ,„   ihe 'man  hi^seuwiii  ii"*T;;;tor"G:;d'^  .^irrhoi;  ihi 

v-a,e,  be  saved,  heeanse  he  i       Chns-  which  are  ye.    Th  -  S^ o?,.«?r' 

Mn.    Ills  wi.rk  IS  ilim-v.  hut  he  has  .„  Mv  refer-  ra.lier  to  /,,,/v  ,han  to  omX 

-a-t  the  ,r„e  tonialatton.    X,i,e  ulneli   would   .nM-he  a  ret  •  t  o,,  /^^^^^^^^^^ 

the  rhythmic  balance  hetueen  these  clattses  H,    Whet,  v.e  ask  how  ,C  h  i^^^^^^^^ 


28 


I  COHIXTniANS. 


[(  u.  Ill 


Ci.-I.    Iii-ii  (,...1    ,1,  l-r  !!;. 

t(iMi.Ir   .'I'   l.-il  uliuli    /■•ii;/-;V  >>' 

111' 

iS    I.it  II"  man  (Iiimm-  liiin-.  ll.     Il  .my 
man  ainiMiii  V'n  ^nitutli  \i>  \f  ul-o  in  tln^ 
|.  1  Imui  |i(r"iin-  a  ili-it  lit  may 

In-  Ul-I'. 

Ml  lor  tin-  \M-iliim  111  Ihi-'  witM  i> 
f..,,h-luH v  Willi  (mmI:  f..r  it  is  writti'ii, 
lit-  iakr-|i  ilic  U1--C  111  tluir  own  iTrilliiU'-.-. 


I  -'11  And  auain.  'Ilic  Lunl  UiiMUith  tlic 
lli..'i'_:iil-  •■f  l!ii   wi-r.  thai  lluy  .irc  vain. 

.M  I  111  r>  i"ii-  Iti  ii'i  man  nU'ry  in  tncn; 
I'.u-  all    lliiiiL;-  an-  ymir^; 

WlulluT    I'aiil.  (ir   Alii'Ili's.   "f  Cf- 
|ilia^.  I'f  tlif  unrl'l,  nr  liU',  or  iliatli.  or 
'tilings   iirfM'iit,   or   tilings   to  come; 
arc  jiiiirs; 
.M   A:  .1  vc  arc  Christ's;  and  Christ  is 


wllidi  tlio  cliiirrli  \va>  i-all<  i!  li  -\  was 
iniptnlli  il,  \v»'  art-  ti'inpti  'l  i"  llimk  mi  -.u  li 
iniiiMralilii  -  a-  art'  lU  -i-i  il" 'i  lal>  r  iii  llif 
KitiT  111,  \  i>:  lull.  Ill  llii^  iiiiili-M.  till 
niiriiin'  1-  iir^li.ilily  in  llu'  M-iii-niatii' 
>|iir:l.  ulii.li  llinahiuil  ilir  ilmivh'-  niin\. 
'Iliis,  .i>  wi  Ii.iM  Mcii.  1-  llic  ri.il  o.ir- 
nality  (.vcr.  jt. 

Those  who.  wiii-tlur  liy  party  strife  or 
iniin'  rality,  "  dostroy "  ilu-  i  liiin  li,  art- 
worse  than  thfiso  wlm  Imild  li.nlly  upon  the 
true  foiind.ilioii,  .in'l  tin  n  I  itf  sliall  he 
more  terrihle.  ilu  nm'  "iiill  escape 
tiiroiigh  the  tlames,  the  otiier  shall  he  con- 
Miiiied  hy  them. 

1  hi'  Spirit  (Ukuiius  III,-  t,7ciii<'».f 

Heritage  (iii. 

18-20.  llii\v  >;rievoiisIy  r.iiil  was  vexcil 
hy  tiu  pain-aii  spirit  of  the  Corinthian 
eiiiireli  i--  -lnwn  i>y  the  earnestness  ami 
frei|iuniy  Willi  whieli  lie  illustrates  the 
error  <il  1!  iroin  dilTerent  pomts  of  view. 
\\lieii  parly  cries  are  abroa<l.  it  is  so 
easy  fur  .i  man  to  take  iiis  measure 
wroiiKly.  to  think  himself  ti'i.vr.  when  he 
is  in  reality  a  fool  lint  let  no  man  de- 
ceive himself:  if  any  one  thinks  that  he 
is  wise  among  you  in  this  world  1 1  r  ,1 1. 
it  any  counts  Innisrli  tc.n/.iiv  u:-i.  let 
him  at  once  reverse  Ins  si.nulards.  become 
a  fool  in  the  eyes  nf  the  wnrld.  .nid  then 
true  wi^diiin  will  lu'^ni  to  In'  pn-^diU  :  Kt 
hmi  Inc.  line  a  I'l"'!.  that  he  may  become 
wise.  Ilu-  cniucit  I'f  wisdom  1-  well  siin- 
Hest.'d  liy  Ihc  lu .  d  of  (li-|il.iy  :  w  i^e 
aiii.ni-.:  y.'ii  I  lie  wi^dmn  nf  ;>.''/i/ 
(v\  iS.'  |i|i  i-  tiaiisii  111  ami  i' -  ri'iirc- 
snil.itiM  -  .lie  doniiicd  (11  M  l  lu-  sl.iiid- 
ariN  of  the  w  i-rlil  ami  of  <  lod  and,  there- 
f,  ,i,    i.f  I!;-  .-"-ir,-!;.  are  tli.lll'etrioa' Iv  op- 

p,  .  for  the  wisdom  of  this  world  is 
folly  in  the  eyes  of  God.  Tlii-  contrast 
lia~  luiii  ir.ipu'nilv  iiiri  with  in  the  first 
Iw.i  .  li.iptcrv  u-t  i  1.'^.  -o.  itc).  In  his 
,  :.|,,,i!ar\  ua\,  I'.iul  prove-,  or  at  least, 
contirni-  till-  point,  by  an  appe.ll  to  the 


I  )ld  1 1  -i  imrii!     for  it  stands  in  Scripture 

I  II  m:.:  J.  1!.  \  I I  t  he  1  inl>  .-ii.ii  ;"ii  in  mi 
ji.li  m  llir   .\'(  w    I  r-l.iliHlU  I    uliicll  .spe.ik- 

1  i  (■  i|  a-  "catching  the  wise  in  their 
cunning."  and  again  I's.ihn  .\ci\.  11.  "The 
Lord  knoweth  the  reasonings  of  the  wise 
( 111  ihe  r-aliii  of  iiuiii)  that  they  are  futile." 

Their  clever  calculations  turn  out  to  be 
not  only  idUs  hut  ruinous,  involving  them 
in  destruction;  and  if  this  he  the  end  of 
their  wisdom,  it  is  indeeil  a  veritable  folly 
1  MT  Hja  I  Some  interpret  this  section 
-imply  as  a  n  lmke  of  cniiciit;  but  consid- 
iriii^;  llu-  clo-e  connection  hetween  vv.  JO 
;  ;ind  ji  ( w<TT€,  ,-(i)i\,-,/nt'(i//y ),  it  seetus  bet- 
ter to  ciiiiiu-it  tin-  conceit  with  the  party 
spirit  let,  i\.  (11. 

21-23.    I' '"I  cn^'huU-s  his  ari;iinu-iit  in 
a  m.,-jniiictMt  i-'mi.is.   Therefore  let  no 
one  glory  in  men  —  an  adiiMiiitioii  winch 
he  li.id  .ilri-.idy   -taliil  po-iti\cl>   111  1    ,U  ; 
Lit  him  i^l'iy  ill  the  Lord,    li  i>  ,-ili-iird, 
he  ar^iie-.  to  |.;lory  in  individual  leaders: 
yoit  are  only  thereby  ob-ciiriii>;  the  real 
splendor  of  your  inheritance,  for  all  the 
leaders  are  yours,  indeed  all  things  are 
yours.    .-V  favorite  maxim  of  the  Stoics 
was  that  all  thin^;s  belonn  to  the  wise 
man.  and  the  s.iinr  Imld  cl.iim  in.iy  well 
have  been  often  upon  the  li|i-  of  Corin- 
I  thi.iii    ( 'Iiri-tLins.     lint    if    su.    their  sec- 
!  tan.mi-m   -linwed  th.il   tluy  did   iii-t  real- 
ii  i-   ihe    full   -we>-p   of   -mil   a   cl.nm  \11 
ihi-  U.idir-  luliiiiijcd  til  the  :c/;,'/r  chmch. 
lint  each  to  a  si-clion  only.    Vmi  do  not 
liiIoiiL'  to  tluni  ("I  .-iin   Paul'-.  1  am  I'e- 
1,1'-  "  I    liiit   tlu  y  to   vMii,  ,-dl  of  tlu  in  to 
.1  \  .  i     whether  Paul  or  ApoUos  or 
Peter.     .\ay.  nut  I'my  niily.  li'il  the  whole 
i  m,-ilrri;il  world  —  it   i-  your  -rr\.iiit.  cmi- 
irdiiilnrv   to  your   dcipe-t    interests:  nay. 
lint  the  ni.iterial  worlil  only,  but  all  the 
ni.inilold    niysterv    of   human  expcrieiKe, 
I  life  and  death  — /I'A',  in  which  we  .laye 
!  union    with   Christ,   and    denth   which  is 
i  Rain    (Phil.   i.  21)   by  ttshcrinR  ns  into 
higher  glory :  n.iy.  not  the  experiei.-e  of 
I  this  life  alone,  but  all  possible  experience 
tiirouRhont  the  infinite  ajies.  things  pres- 
ent and  things  to  comt.  He  sums  up  the 
I  stupendous  claim  in  the  words  with  wmch 


I  (  ninXTHIAXS. 


29 


CHAITrCR  4. 

I  I. IT  ,1  HI. Ill  ,i.\'iM!ii!  iif  .1,^  , 
the  iiiKiistiTs  III  I  liri-l.  and  >iru.i!.U  i 
llif  invstiriis  of  (iml 

Miiroovcr  it  i--  r<M|iiiri  il  in  -u  u.irii 
lli.il  a  man  In    imiiiil  t;ii!lit:il 


111 

I 

I 


uiImiiIi  nu- 


Willi  p-c 

imilil  lu- 
ll II  Ixnifnt  : 

■If. 

ir  I  kii.nv 
111  it    till  n  l.y 


it  i>  a  \iTv  -.inall  lliitiK 
Jiiili;r<l    lit    Mill,   iir  of 
yen.  I   imlm-  iiiit  n  ine 


tlu- 


'ii:'ir:: 

I  ll-l  III! 


1, 


lilt  111- 


>.  t 

liiat 


lit'  iiiir. ii!i:iTi|  it     all  things  are  yours 

.iinl  iiiM.iiilly  liilliiu-  II  u'iiiU 
lli'it    I. ill    lipi  111    (    iMiiiii i    r.  iiii  I  :i    !:  ki  a 

lii'li  I'l  1111  till-  IiImc-:  but  ye  are  Christ's. 

I  li<'>  ■111-  '  'U  iiir-.  i!ir>  .111-  II.  It  iIm  ir 
own.     Ill,-  uiiivi-rsi,-  1-,  till  II  >,  Inn  ili,-y  |i,,|,l 

II  iiiic!t-r  llu-  |iiri!-lii|.  oi  Clin-t  I  lu-y  an- 
iii.i^lcrs  111  all  tliinus  Imt  IK-  i^  iiKiMi-r  nf 
llioni.     )  r'K.  lint  sniiu-   II,   I _>  1 .  Imt  all  i-t" 

you.   air   i'lllisl's.      iii-   ,|.i,s    ii,,t    bi-lnll!.;  I,, 

yon  in  tlio  >on-f  in  wliuli  Paul. 
ami  IVliT  tin.  hi-iu-i-  His  name  i>  nut  aildnl 
as  in  1.  IJ  aftir  tluirs.  And  oviii  Christ 
1^  not  His  own:  lU'  is  Uod's  ( vcr. 
In  what  si'n<e  is  He  God's'  Espirially  as 
His  Son.  Christ  is  not  (Jod,  He  is  God's, 
belongs  to  Him:  the  head  of  Christ  is  (lod 
(XI.  3,  cf.  XV.  _'8). 


U'li.it  a  ilim.ixl  How  the  la-t  word 
liwlit-  ill)  'Ih'  ulii'lo  -iiii.itii.ii  and  -Ill■u^ 
how  unworthy,  Imw  iiiil<--i-rilialily  f.  .nh-h 
ami  w  roiiK  w;i-  tin-  party  strife  of  the  (  i iriii- 
llii.in-.  .\s  then-  on,-  {\,„\  ,,\,-r  .ill,  .tiid 
one  Lord,  ("liri-t  .I<-~m^.  shmilil  Hun-  he 
one  ehiireli.  in  ulm^e  uiihrok.  ii  lite  the 
peaee  of  (I, id  s!i,,iil,|  t'liid 
I  here  a  mid  he  no  nii  ire  tr 
rt-hiike  of  th:it  deiiMiiiinai i 
when  aeeeiitiiated.  iitoire- 
tlie  Christian  chiireh.  ih.m 
fitl   words   of  I'aiil. 

leaders,  tif  whatsoever  eiiiiiiininion,  who. 
hy  their  words  or  deeds,  h.ive  hlessed  tin- 
lives  of  run,  belong  to  the  wiiole  church, 
riiey  are  all  ours:  and  it  is  for  us  imt 
to  stultify,  hy  the  limitation  of  onr  sy 
palhies,  the  hlessinsi  that  they  are  fitted  , 
be  to  us.  Seetari:inisin  and  all  its  petti- 
nesses will  vanish.  \\  here  it  is  renieitihereil 
th:il  we  .nre  Cliri-l's  and  '"hri-t  i-  God'-. 
Verse  22  illi! q r:i tes  w!ia!  I'aiil  meant  l.v 
the  clory  (36{a)  to  which  God  destined 
II-  lii  7>.  The  Christian  is  tlie  real  iiia--- 
t.T  of  the  universe;  all  things  are  his  — 
all  tliinfis  in  history  and  experience,  in 
iimi  .iiid  -|i,i,e  —  lieiiiK  wroiiyiit  together 
for  his  irood  h\  the  God  who  is  beneath 
and  through  and  above  tiiem  all. 


/',7i(/  ll',ini.<  llir  t',.;-;iif/niiiK  .l,:,iti:.<l  Jiu!,^- 
1'!  ,    /  /i.  11    I  ,\tdt  is   (  u.    I  ,1  ). 

j  I'.iiil  li.is  iii^t  hi  en  exposini;  lIu-  folly 
land  the  sin  of  party  spun  \<\  -h-  uiiii;  it\ 
I  power  to  limit,  and  i-u  n  i'..  hhulii,  ilie 
I  ».  hrislMii'-,  yinriou,  inln  i  :i,iiiee  .  he  now 
lilii-lr.ili  s    11,    ,-\  ll    ,-it,  ,1,     I, , ,,,,  ,,|,, 


ill.  liy 


how  It 


It-elf  relleite.l 
mIit  or  forc'i  ' - 
iii.ili-iii,  w! 

ihe  ri:il  life  nt 
these  woniliT- 

the    saints  .in.l 


inr.iues  111  liie 
elmreli  a  eriliial  .111, 1  eeii-i  .r;.  .;i,  -|iiii| 

I,   2.     So    1  11-  t   a~   pi,  ,  .  ,i,       I, ill      ,    t,  .| 
lou-i  let  a  man  1  lii ",...-t,is-,  r  nlui  siinn-jir 
ili.in  ilie  nil',  tiiiit,-       1  account  of  us 
ol    the    1,-ailirs    L;,iui;e;\;    p,-ili.ips    he  is 
thinkiii);  espeei.illy  ..f  liiiiis.lf  .,ii,|  .\p..!l..s 

—  as  servants  i  rir»)j)iTu?,  imu  ii  ih,.  v.nn,- 
in  meaning  as  iiOAoi-ot  m  111  \  of  Christ 
and  stewards  of  the  mysteries  of  God. 

I  he  steward  is  Ihe  sl.ive  who  ih-pi-n-es  tin- 
stores  of  the  house  (Luke  xii  .jji,  and  the 
stons  are  the  mysteries,  that  is,  truths 
one,-  hidden,  now  revealed,  or  to  be  re- 
ve.iKd.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  le.iders  to 
disiii-iisc  the-e  Mores,  to  disclosi.  these 
truths,  to  the  ehiir,-h,  whi,-|i  is  the  lioiise- 
!iol,l  of  (,,ii|  Here  moreover,  mst  as  m 
.1  piu.ile  li-'ii;e,  s,i  also  in  the  'hoiiM-liidd 
"1  Gml.  the  iir-t  .iiid  1,1st  requirement  of 
a  steward  is  proved  fidelity.  Ih,  test 
of  -i  tine  leadi-r  is  iioi  hi-  ■  ir.i; . -ne:!!  or 
philiKophieal  power,  his  "uord"  or  "  wis- 
il'iiii,'  to  Us,-  tlu-  f.iiiii!i:ir  phrases  of  this 
episl!,-.  Imt  the  ti.irmv  wi'li  which  he  per- 
il.rm,  1!-:,   .Inn,-,  ,1)  In,  Ml  w.inlsliip. 

3.  4-  lint  who  1,  I,,  1„-  tin-  JiuIl;,-  ,,f  ibj, 
'i'h  h'>  'lhe,iti'y  jinimi!,  lit  w-iili  ,-.,ii-..l- 
eniii,'  si  rioiisiy  1,  ih.ii  ,,t  C  liri-t  :  hiiiiiaii 
judgment  is  of  ;  ,-ry  iillir  ae,-,iiiiit.  \\li,-ih,  r 
the  judgment  of  ,,||i,-rs  ,,r  ewn  th.it  wlin  h 
a  tnan  p;isses  upon  him-ilf,  l-inm  this 
Jiassage,  and  still  more  el,:,rlv  frmu  ly  5. 
we  can  sec  tll.it  i'anl  h.is  h,-,  n  ih,  .,|i  ,  '1' 
of  criticism.  But  to  me  it  amounts  to 
{'it)  very  little  that  I  am  judged  by  you 
or  indeed  by  any  human  jiidginent  i  day  1 
This  curious  plirase  human  Jay  appears  to 
be  nguestxl  liy  "the  day  .if  the  Lord": 
It  is  Ilie  d.iy  when  man  judges  as  con- 
trasted wiMi  the  il.iy  when  tlie  I.onl  jiidjjes. 
I';ii|l  -.vas  alike  imlilYi  n-nt  to  tlieir  praise 
iin.l  lil.inu-  nay  ,.1  f,ir  was  he  from 
caring  for  human  judgment  that  I  do  not 
even  jttdfe  tnytelf.   The  spiritual  man 


30 


I  COKIXTIUAXS. 


[Ch.  IV 


5  'riicr<fi>ri-  jitdKf  nc'lliiiii;  L.t  i.-  tie 
tiiiu-,  iniiil  'til'  \.i<:A  (-"IIk-.  uln)  Im.jIi  uili 
liritiK  t"  '  ulii  ill'  liiililiii  thiiiys  (if  ilark 
111--,  .ind  \mI1  iii.ikc  iiwiiiff-t  tlio  CDUii-iil'i 
of  the  in  .11'-  .111.1  tliiii  !-liall  every  man 
luve  praiM-  "I  (i"<l. 


(i  llic^c-    llmiL'-.   liri'llir.n.    I  l.a\o 

ill  a  li;;nri-  liMii-tt  ri  ul  l-t  iii\-i  ll  ami  lo 
\|,,  ,1!,,,  l'.  .1  \-.nr  -,iki>:  llial  \  c  iniu'lu 
I,. nil  111  lis  II. 'I  |.i  tliiiiU  I'/'  mill  .ili.ivf 
ill., I  wln-li  i~  Willi. 11,  il  <  II..  ,.n.'  .It  you 
111'  piiltdl  i;p  t'.r  ..11.  ,ii;.i:;i~t  .iii.>i1ht. 


cl.H'<  intlod  jiulm'  all  lliini;<  ( ii  I5>,  '"it 
lie  ilm  s  Mi.I  l..r.i;<  t  lliat  t.  Iin^l  juilyi  ^  limi  ; 
and  Willi  tiii^  liltiiiiale  iiitallitile  jihIkiihiH 
in  vii  u  .  he  reooKiii/cs  tile  in.uli  ijii.u  y  «.| 
the  jiKliinu-iil  i\<n  ..f  an  appi .  .v -ri;  c..ii_ 
seieiue.  For  though  I  am  conscious  of 
nothing  against  myself,  yet  that  does  r  ot 
justify  me  il;t  ii"!  m  iln-  I  M.ii.'l 
Jilslitii  il,  Of .ii/.ai"-/<ui  |i.  ri  1.  Il  i>  a  i|".  ~iii.ii 
wllelluT  niM:'y  >:i..ii!.l  hr  l.il.tii,  a-  ..1"'\<-. 
in  i|s  ..r.lin.n  v.  ..r  m  il~  iil'Ti'  U  rliiii>:i! 
sriis,.,     11,.,-.  I'.i!;!  -;r,;|.:y  in,  .iii,  "  I  .nn  ii"l 

iii-lili.  .1    l'\    lii.il  ."  .i|'l'i"^.il  "'' 

;., ,,  li,.,.  ■ 1,,  I  ..||,-,  ,liit..  |ii  ...  if  th.il  I  am 

II,  n,„n  I,'., 111.  .'1-  .i,..'-  lu-  111.  -Il-  '•  1  •nil 
II, Mill,  i!  "  111  ill'-  l.  '  liiii'Ml  ii-i'  — "J'nl 
lii.l  |i\  ih.ii  :"  th:,;  1-.  "I  •'«<■  iii>  jnstihca- 
li,,i,  I,.  (  hriM,  :iii.l  n-t  I"  mv  "Wn  ^.H.d 
I',  .lis,  i.iii-i' .-  "  I  In-  ..ii'ur  i.f  the  xv.irds  (<"■'» 
f'l'  Toi  Tw  1  is  xHiK  vvh.'it  in  Limt  uI  the 
seiniid  iiitt  riirelalinti.  hat  the  K'  neral  cii- 
tiNt  r;ither  .sn|>ports  the  tirst.  In  -I'l'c  "i 
Ills  la.idd  coilscieiK-e.  tluii.  Paul  will  n..t 
jiid^e  hinise  If:  but  he  that  judgeth  me  is 
line  hinher  even  than  c. 'usiHiui',  vi/.  the 
Lord.  I  liat  jndi;tiu  i:t  is  still  iiitiire  and 
wi'l  t.iKe  iil.ue.  Ii7/ril  tlir  l.nd  cciiic 
(  \  iT,  5  ' 

5.  So  then,  as  tlie  triu-  1  n.|i;iiiiiit  is  11.  1 
hum  11.  1.11  .lume,  li..!  tha!  uhu-li  tlir 
"\\i..e"  I  ..riiitlnaii.s  can  pass.  Ir't  tliat 
wliir'i  I'bii-I  .•I'.'lle  can  pa-s.  an. I  as  it 
lu  |,.|i>.:s  11, ,1  |.i  tin-  i.'rs.iil  hiU  I"  I'll.'  IiMiT.. 
it  is  \\i-..ii^  "1  till-  t'.irmiliMiis  I.,  an: :, 111. lie 
it    Ii\    pi  I  m.il'MT    :ni,l    11,  .  .  -  -.n  '  '^'^ 

,  ,..  I :vi|. ,  ,,!  til,  ;r  ..11  Do  not  llurel,'rr 
pass  any  judgment  before  the  pr.  I'.  i 
time,  t'l.ii  1-.  until  the  Lord  come,  liis 
e.Miinm  w  is  ,.11,.  .,1  ilu-  urr  it  artic'i's  of 
1, ,,:!,,  ,:,  ,1  w  !i.  11  I  le  .-.•lire.  I  le  w.nild  >ll.nv 
11  1  ,   ,  who  will  both  throw  light 

upon  the  hidden  things  of  darkness  and  i 
make  manifest  the  secret  counsels  of  j 
the  hearts.    Here  is  a  latent  rehnke  nf  j 
tlie   Mipertici:ihiy   of   Corinthi.in    critieistn.  : 
indeed  of  all  limnan  indunient.    In  the  na- 
ture of  the  CISC  il  has  \,,  he  h:ised  npon 
I  stcrii.-ils:    it   has   to   play    np.m    c,,rf  u-,- 
thinv;s.  it  cannot  see  in  the  .iark.  it  c.ii:".'t 
pierce  to  ilu-  he.-irt.    I'.nt  Christ,  \\it!i  Ih- 
sean.-hin«  iielit  :n'.t  tire  (cf   iii    i.li,  will 
iiriiig  out  1"  ill'   !ii;ht  the  thin«s  that  are 
hicUlen:  »nd  THEN  the  liti nit- praise  will 
accnte  to  each  man  {rom  Ood.  Then 


-,ind  not  till  then,  for  t  hrist  is  the  only 
,  .  iiiln  !i  I't  iml^ie:  ill.'  C'oniilhuins  weie 
,t;inily  ..f  an  iin-Chrisii.in  impatience  in 
iiidiSiiiK  ''"nimii 
..f  t'iiiist.  :'. slice  would  he  d.,ne  all  i.niii.l: 
.  ;, /(  m,n  u.,iil,l  ncci\c  ih,'  I » 1  pr.ii-e, 
lli.il  is.  till  pi.,!-f  winch  is  Ins  .Im  .  I  he 
pr.il-..  u..::M  c.iiie  ;/,-)/;  (,..(/.  Willi  snrli 
a  c.iiiri.Iiiice  aiiil  siu'h  an  i.ii'I....k.  it  is 
1  :isy  I.I  s, ,  th.it  ihc  pr.iisi-  uv  liLinie  which 
ii;,  i;  nu  U.I  ..nl  inc  nilinu  .  as  the  (.orill- 
llii;,ns  t.i  tliiir  I..ii!>  1.  .mI.  r^.  w.is  of  very 
little  account    (tVuv'Jriu'.  ver.  .!>. 


Paul  here  adilresses  to  the  O-rinthians 
the  ^allll.lry  nniinder  that.  tlioui;h  the 
leaders  are  their  .'servants  (iii.  -'Ji.  >et  they 
are  .-ilso  the  serv.aiits  of  I  liri-l  1  i\  I  >, 
;ind  ill. 11  ill.  r.  l"r.  ,  r..it  tluy.  hill  C  hrist, 
will  11,.  1!;,  ;;Iini!;it.  inline  of  their  stew- 
ardship. He  rtliukis  at  once  the  itnpa- 
tience  and  the  superficiality  of  lininati  crit- 
icism. 


I'hi'  Royal  C  'nu!!::irs  ,111 J  I'lr  H'orthless 
.  I,"  '.<//.■,<  I  IV.  Il-  I,?  I. 

'I'lie  ari^imu-nt  au;:iiiist  llu-  party  -pi-'it  of 
the  t'oinilhi.ms  is  n.i\v  ilr:iwni.^  to  a  cl.'se. 
The  .•ip.'-t'.r  (I'll. 1.  mils  the  distnuli. 'lis  ill 
uliuh  it  lesiil',,.!.  li\  i.inni.litiL;  tl'.c  forin- 
tlnaiis  t'l.il  u  w.is  ii..:iini'.;  lli:il  tlicy_  had 
.!,MU'.  lli.it  put  llieiu  in  p.issi.s,i,  111  ..f  the 
tilings  iif  winch  tluy  li...isted.  .\n(!  their 
l  ..:,-!in'.;  was  posiii\i.ly  1  mtrage. m s  I  they 
-p.ikc  if  they  had  already  re:iche(l  the 
yo.il.  I'erhaiis  llley  li.id,  e\cl:iinis  the  apos- 
tle ironically;  hut  at  any  rate  he  himself 
li.id  not  traveled  so  far.  He  was  at  that 
\iry  moment  the  victim  of  hanlships  and 
sut'ferinus  and  indiunities  manifold. 

6.  The  p;irty  spirit  has  iK'eli  under  dis- 
cussion fr..m  i  I-'.  :!n.l  more  sii|.,-it"ic:illy 
front  iii,  5  1  iie  lanijnime  in  which  I'.iul 
has  atnicked  ami  con.K  inned  il  is  imt  ah- 
str.ict.  hut  concrete.  \\  Irit  he  miizhi  b.i.ve 
~,ii.l   in   v;riier.a!   terms,  he  c'l.'s.n  I.) 

rinite!\  of  his  nwn  p:irt>  :in(l  tli:it  of 
\p..M..s.  his  cmivert  ,iml  tr:.  ml  If  he 
c'  li'l.  iniu.l  the  M:irli-;ni  spirit  111  this  man- 
ifestation. It  went  without  s,iyin)f  that  he 
would  condemn   it  in   every  other.  So 


Ch.  IV] 


I  CORIXTHIAXS. 


31 


,"    l-'iT  who  iii.iki'lli  ilni-  to  ilii'ur  f'.'iH 

till  llui      and    uh.it    li.iM    III. .11    that  tli..ii 

i!.  why  ili.^l   tliMii  ^;li.r>.         it  1I1..M 
hail>t  tint  ri'Oii\ 111  // 

8    N'liw  }«.•  arc  lull,  innv   \v  arc  ricli. 

ji-  liavf  n  ijiiu'il  as  kiiiys  uitli.iut  aiul 


t.'  .itit  :  I'l.r  \M-  .ire  iii.i.li-  .1  ^ix  i  tacle 
unto  ill,   u..iM.  an. I  t..  aiiui       am!  I.,  inril. 

Ill  \\  !■  ii'  l'. ..  .i-  lor  (  In  i-i  -  -  ikr.  liiit 
>!•  air  u!-,.  Ill  {.  Ini-I  ,  « i-  ;//,■  weal,,  bnt  >f 
.  '.  -'i..!!-;  ji-  tin-  lioiioiirablc.  liiit  wc  .i>t' 
lU^pi-i  .1 

yi-  nave  ni^incil  as  kiiins  uithont  n,;  an.l  11  l-wti  unto  tin,  j.n -.  ni  hour  wc 
1  wimlil  to  (,..(!  yc  <lul  rciKil.  that  wc  al-o  t..  ih  hnnu<r.  and  ihirM,  and  arc  iia\cd 
luiKlit  rci.i-n  wiih  you.  ..„i,l   ;,r,.   imtTctcd.  ami   ha\c    11..  ccrtaiti 

ij    I'or  I  tliiiik  that  (hh!  hatii  set  forth  ;  .Iwclliiiu  place; 
us  the  apostles  la~t,  as  it  were  ai-iioiiitcd  }     ij    And  lahoitr.  workiuR  with  1 


these  .ir-nntciit~.  brethren,  I  have 
adapted  to  myself  and  ApoUos,  an.j  1  !.  .\. 
tlotie  lln~  on  your  account  n".  ..  . 
your  e'liticaiion  —  that  by  (iit  in  1  us  you 
may  learn  the  rule,  never  to  go  beyond 
what  is  written.  Written  where?  Mo-t 
probably  in  the  DM  ^e^tanlcnt,  (|iiolatioiis 
from  which  are  n>nally  inlroihtceil  by  the 
word  -ii-^paiTTai  (cl.  i.'  JI.  ill-  "J).  1  hat 
some  >uch  text  as  Jcr.  ix.  j,?,  already 
i|iioiiiI  ill  i.  may  he  111  l'aid\  iiuiid,  1- 
slroii;.;Iy  ~im,L;rstia|  hy  the  next  cl.iiiNe  :  that. 

as  individuals  ye  may  not  be  puffed  up 
for  the  one  U  ader  and  against  the  other 

(\er.  (ii.  I'aiil  amiN  ;it  de-iroymi;  tlu' 
c.  .rceil  eiii;eiiilered  by  parly   >inu  . 

7.  I  limine:  in  iniayniali.  .11  t.>  an  iiuli 

('"I,   I'. I'd  ..-iv-,  liiin  :    Who  is  it 
that  marks  you  off  a-  man  or 

Apollo-'  man:  (  )r  lliv  Uoid-  nM\  in.  ail 
"Til  :i7i.'i;i  (/.)  \,ni  I'W  your  ili.\:;r.t:  n  ' 
(l~    it    Hot    to   (iod;)  "     IK-   ^<i,      .  n  And 

what  do  you  have  that  you  did  not  re- 
ceive ti-in  (i.id  ullnn.il.  i\  (i  \-  ..nd 
nu'di:itil>  tIiroi!:;h  yonr  irailur-  1:;!.  (1- 
And  if  It  be  a  fact  that  1 '.  u  .  you  received 
it,  why  do  you  boast,  as  if  you  had  not 
received  it? 

8.  lie  touches  now,  in  an  ironical  vein, 
upon  the  tliinj;>  which  they  •■li.ave,"  all 
the  nii^re  •.tintjnii;  that  he  has  already  (!e- 

Tilled  them  a^  inf.ints  tm.  1  >.  So'  you 
are  already  filled  full,  are  you?  wealthy 
already,  are  you?  you  have  entered  upon 
your  kingdom  without  any    h.lp  from 

us,  have  you?  '1  he-e  three'  clan-.  -  may 
he  read  either  as  i.\clam.ition-.  or  a-  jnr- 
foiiv;  the  former  i-  lu  tii  r,  a-  li.  i.;!iletiiiii; 
ihe  irony.  lie  ll.ail  -]..  .'kin  -iii..:;-K  oi 
ihiir  wialth  in  i  5,  luir  he  -pi.^N-  var- 
.■i-luali..  'Iluy  licluvid  only  too  llip- 
''^■  ■1>  'hat  a'!  lliMii^-  ui  re  theirs  (  ni.  JM  ; 
:  '\  l.'.  'k  '  .. .  li'..'lii  lii  .irti  d  .:i  eii-\v  i>f  tli'.'ir 
I  hi:  11.111  .  .libe.ili. '11-.  llii-y  ilid  n..t  reali/e 
■ill  .iii-!iiit>  of  -ir\uT  The  Mi'-~'amc 
n'.^.l..in  !i:id  already  eoine,  .-mil  tluy  wire 
-iitin^  liKc  kin'.i-  np.iii  their  tlir..iu-. 
wealthy  .and  -ati-tied.     »|i>>?  i>  very  emph.it- 

ic:    already!    so   soon!   Note   the  perf. 


^f^n,)»lJ^,,/■m  I'.i r> .  in       .-,  ,n, 1 1 1 1,  ,|i  ,,f  .,.,ti,  l\: 
;i..i    f  ;i\iM  rijitiirf.  (,((1     .fi  iT.iTf.  points  to  ihe 
-nil  !  I   u  !i,  n   lii.  >      I. mild   llinr   w  i  .iltli 
kiiiL;d..in.      I  lie  i.     ly   ..i  ilir  Li-l  e'.iii-e 
I-  i-peeialiy    .-ad;  joii  ii,i\e  heconu    k  ii-- 

W  nil.  .lit      !•-  ;       U  |l\  ,      \  ,  ...       U  I      1:,       .    :       X  \\ 

have  hei'ii  ('liri-ti.in    !       i.  i  Yes.  lie 

!4oes  ironic. nly  oii,  1  only  wish  you  had 
been  kings,  that  -o,  l,\    \:ii  .,    .  , 
lorlnnate   a--. .11,11  mn    wilh    n.iii,    we  too 
might  share  in  your  kingly  rule. 

9.  I'.nt  ;il;i-!  we  ;ire  lar  en..!i...;ii  t'r..iii 
-itiiiii;  on  thrones.  Von  lonnthian-  iii;iy 
he  rich  an.l  roy:il,  but  it  1-  \  cry  dinereii't 
"I'll  'ii-:    we   ;ire   like  cnmm.ds 

d.ioiiu  l  !  .  .:  ,  For.  methinks.  God  has 
exhibited  us  the  apostles  (  ■  ilu  r-  ;i-  well 
.1-  I'aul  him-elt',  iho'iL;h  the  i..!lowinK 
\<r-i-  ll-l.!  ,ire  1I0  doilht  col.irtd  hy  per- 
-011.. I  eNpi  iunci  »  last  —  tlioiiijh  we'onuht 
!"  ''c  tn-i  III',  \;i.  j,^  I  -  as  men  con- 
demned to  death:  ,1  .r..--  r.a'iur  ili.m  a 
I'll.. 11-  1-  1,,  t..i,-  11-  For  we  are  become 
a  spectacle  to  the    .!i       world,  alike  to 


angels  nui-ii 
I'lhli  riyniy  il 
I'lil.'ic  |.--ii\, 

•  .ill.  1  -     W  1-1  , 
dr,:!ll.      h  h.i 


and  to  men. 


i  Ih-  n-nre 
in.iy  he  lii.il  o|'  .1 
at  whhli  eiiniin.d-  or 
"lull!  .,11  !o  li.^lii  t.,  Ill,- 
1,1  II,  .11  -neyi  -ti  d  that 
I'. ml  ni.-i.\  hiiii-eii  hi\e  hf.n  e.  .n,!,  inne,|, 
a-  .1  crmiiii.i!.  tii.:''!  unli  wiM  hea-t-  111 
llie  ihrater  :il  j  pli.-i-,  ei.  \\.  (,.r. 
I  o.    .\l    the    :ip,.-t;,       -inii:.^:,  ,  .■md 

-nnrrini;-  llie  whole  iiniver-c  1-  hiokmn 
oil    -aii..^,lu'  i  vi  -  iio  le-.-,  than  linm;m 

10-12.  Ihe  ir..iiical  coinr.i-t  hil\uen 
v.'/(_;ind  «ji  is  Imthrr  de\<i..ped  in  tlnee 
hrief  hilt  very  point, -d  anlithe-e-.    As  for 

us,  we  are  fools  for  Christ's  sake  — the 

-imple  i)r,;ichini,'  of  C"hn-t  .and  His  er.i-, 
mail,-  tlii'tn  ri,|i,'iil.  ui-  in  i!:,-  ,-m  -  ,,i  iho 
wi-e  of  tin-  world  (ct  i.  f.  )  ;  but  ye 
are  prudent  in  Christ:  ''  y  :irt  ni.'eetl 
I"  </'.  '■  "1  in  1  1,  hilt  the  wn,!-  h.ive 
■I  -P' >  ■■  -'  n^  11.  r,- — hi-  :itirihnl,  -  to  the 
"  _w  I-,-  "  ( '.  .nr.tliian-  a  .-ii.  ,n  w  -ih  I'hri-t. 
of  wha-li  li.  -.i\-  iLi'li'im  when  -pi  akiiiR 
of  Imn-eli.  We  are  weak  (<  i.  ii.  \),  but 
ye  are  strong:  ye  are  glorious,  but  wc 


I  (  iUaNTIllANS.  L*'"- 

.i_   

i.a-,.N.  M.^^: , . ;       ^ ^^^^^ 

»i  r!.  .l.  \'.<  It  ■  W  lu  r.  tut.-  I  Lfstvcll  Ik-  ><■ 

„.,,;i.-  ..-   !:..■   'IM'     f  tl:.-  ^^..r;.l.  ./^n/  .|  r  .j!,,  ,,„-,■  liavr  I  m  ml 


\  "1.  1.  -1        -.1'    1  '  .      ,1  i  ;„  cl  ri-l   a-  I  U-.kU  >-\cry  wli.n-  iti  .v  ry 


.,w-    IM!  t 


are  in  disgrace.    1  lu   ..nl.-i  ..i  th,   |.r..  ^ 

■  'Vr''-'!',''f  "l!:u'''      14-J6.    S,N.-n-  a,..l  l.n  .■  ;f  u.-a- 


t!.. 


'7",'""         ,  ,,.„    „r  .!•>,,„.  a,-.-  t..  n,i.l.-,,t.m.l  n.at  la:,l- 

"■<■    l"!"^^"-    'l'-'"r-"-'    '-  ■  ,1,.  ;        .■,1,,-  I  ..ni-.-ln,,,,^  :.    ■<  t.itli.  r.  ai„l  tlu 

is  In-  ..ttii  .  xi"  I  ."'.'•>■  iiM!  i:<-  11..-  II. .1.1  i,iii:.-i-lv  :i.i,n..niii.>ti  to  tlicm. 

...  M.-w.    ill-  1-.  ..-  a  «  «..;;•••■'»  »>•-.';••;  !:.!„.■  tlm,^-  t..  -I.;...,.-  tlu-ni 

;i    si.  ril   I'Ht-    I,  1     '  '   '  ...    1.  't  II. ■!  til.  -'•  I'll  '  i''"'."" 

^' .S:rKo.ne,  wor.  ;,a^  to  t^   ^^.^sj v," ; • " 

with  our  owti  hands:  ...  ,\vt-       .'•|^|;;;;;;  ,,,,, 

1  1.  Abut*  *e  ;  l-.a.l  b,.l       m,    ,„,.    ,1  lu-M-  t.-.-K-li.T-  . 

rr'!,,,,!':"  \vuh  bless,,;,:  perse-  mam.  ..-n       th.  >!.,w-  n,.^  i-^^.  .-■.■ir.-; 

,.|    entreaty.   ...   <- Iin-l  conn-  i  and  tliir        ■  ,..  .,  •.. .  ,.,..„ 

s, ;-,  ,1  , 1  ,:k.- \i         .\nd;.T  "tir  rcuard  --rd  ..,  For 


,l„s  ,,n,>„u-  .I,-.ni.u..n  .-l^i^r.  therefore.  I  beseech  you.  become 

/■,,-.v.-ii/  lii.url.  it  \\..nl,I  s.ii.i  a    ,,    ,  |,      .,,;,,,.„„  „,        p.,,,]-,  ,„;„i.  l.nt  in  d.-cd. 

u.,s  -nlT.-nnu  foiii  -'im-  ^ '      J "  '  ' ;.  ,                  '  n  idv        siittVr  siioh  iviin  and 

.,,,,1   .rnuv-:"".  «.  r.    a!-.,  j"''';;: .  -|  h.-,,    IS   ,..-1   o,,.-  staiidani  of  d,i.y  :n,d 

,n,...n,i,L;      pdlui-  i„c.cral>li  lu  n  i„n,:it,.rs  of  Inni 


!     17.    I'.-, ill   was   s.i  ,iin.-li   in  t-artu-^I  in 
,  ,     ,.,,,1  1,  ,s  ,„  nl.-  1  1  i-  <'u--i'-<'  1ll•^t  llH-y  sli.mlil  U-ani  to  iniit.itf 


'■;,..':Mi:,'"-,;:n::rn.,',;,|Vhat  is  why  I.>«ve  sent  you  Timothy 

a,-d  ^'^^-.s  i who  is  my  cwd.  ^bewed  and^^fauMui 

,„  ...„,^  ,„„„,,, a,...-t!.-.  vu-;„n  of  ;  n  the  Lorci         ,  .  ^    ^     ^  ^^^^ 

.-ahnnnv  an.MnM,!,        ha.  .a-  |vh.a  j     r  •,,,"■„',;  „„,  hi.hc-t 

;:-::ii;n:is       ora.^'''  id:;;;'  -  "u'is  .iii-Vth.^  i.a,d  .,o.dd  ..tu 


(11.  I\  J 


I  ( (ti;iN  riiiANs. 


iS    \.  A       nil    .111    jintTiil  mi,  J-  ih.iitxil 

I     U  I  ■llKi    I  li  •!    .  I  .Mil     '.  i  Jiill 

II)      I'.IM     I     UlU    (OlIU-    t.i    \.iM    ^Imlllv.  if 

tin-  I.I. Ill  ui'l.  ;inil  vviil  l.rnu,  ih.|  llu- 
~1»  I .  li  lit  llu  in  wliK'li  arc  |iiuuil  Imt 
tlif  p'lucr. 


I    .11    I-  ir  till'  kiii«i|iiiii  i)f  li.ul  is  not  in 

1  Wntd,   I'lll    111  iHiVNtr. 

-•I  \\  h.il  will  \  -Ii.ill  I  oiiiiio  iiiito 
I  Null  With  a  ti'il.  "I  111  lo\f,  am!  in  tlio 
i  --[111  II  1  it  mil  kilos 


a   hi-L'-.ctl  I.I   lii..  /',/i.;,./  ./iiVi/ii)! 

(\ir  141:  aiiil  iliK  cliilil  i~  line  who  will 
put  you  in  mind  of  my  ways  that  are 
in  Christ     ilu-ir  imiuIiui  that  t'u> 

Ii.ic!  Ii ii  i;i illiMi  itioxi-  \va\-.  ami  I  nnotliy 
w  I  mill  rriiiiiul  iIk  ih  nn  >1.  iiihl  by  i.-xaiii|ik' 
uill  a-  li\  |ir<i'i  pi.  r.iiil'^  \\.i\>.  inaiiiii T 
111'  lil'i  .  \M  ri'  ill  ar  iiril.iiur  \s'  'i  In-,  tr.uli 
11^.  liny  wm-  -  :.  ;i  as  I  teach  iinl  •".\\\ 
..1    riitiiiili.    Ir;t    everywhere    in  every 

church.  .S.i  till-  liiiiiamU  l:r  III.  1.1  ■.  !■;.'!■. 
and   llu-  slamlal'il  lif  i'it.   the  I'mMi- 

tlli.iil  illilU'li.  ..rr  Ili't  --pui.il  .nil!  ]n-i.":!i.ii 
On  \   .irr  ill.       ■  .lU  !:,■  I'-lil-  li.'i'uri-  ai!  ilk' 
^lui'ivlir-. 

18-21.  .Xpiv.in  iiili  I'. I-:"-  Mi  iin-  iif 
I'inii  •!  !i\  linl  'ill  -  ■;i>i  ■  :  t  .  (  1  n  ii  ;  iinii- 
111  Ik!u\l  ill, It  lie  u.i~  air, mi  In  l,iii  lluin 
liiiii-i  ll:  I'll!  ill'  |iri'Hi|)lly  ili^.ii'U-t  ^  ilu  'i 
iiiiiul  of  that  iiloa.  Under  the  impression 
that  I  am  not  coming  myself  some  have 
become  puffed  up  a  i(iiiiiiiiiii  i.niim;  i.i' 
tlif  Corinthians  (vcr.  6)  ;  but  come  I  will 
to  you,  ami  iliat  vrry  soon,  —  thi.iinli  In- 
arranm<  In  st.iy  at  I'.iilu-iii-.  till  ;ifUT  I'l  11 
tcctist  i>  over  [\\\.  f<)  —  if  the  Lord  will 


(i-|'.  \\1-  71,  lie.  mi  wliir.,-  \\\\]  .ii:  iriiii.m 
aitimi  i-  II .iiUMU"  11!  Ill  Jaiiu-'  n  131. 
it  IS  (littiiMilt  111  ^ay  wliillui  tlii-  will  lure 
i^  that  nl  CliriM.  uli.i  i^  rli,  I.,  id  in  mt, 
1;,  iif  III  (ii'i!  Il  l,  I.  I  I.  And.  ,1^  -I'l'ili'al 
f.iili' r  111  'ill'  (', .riiitln.iii  I'luiii  li,  with  re- 
gard to  those  who  li.uv  liiii  aiiij  still 
are  puffed  up  ijii  i  t  i.  I  will  take  cog- 
nizance not  of  their  words  naily 

I  ill  I  i,.    l,.ii!    .I'u.is^    rniint;:i    ni'    ili.  -i-  mi 

i  .:iil  -  but  of  their  power,  iln  1  1  ,1.  ■  \i 
111        For  II   1-  In  I  ilii-  I.  '  .  ■  .  I   ■  ,• 
mi  ll  lit   ^pirir mI  ]■     ,1    w  '  , .     .  ,  ,        ■  , 
kni.;li.ii!  I  I  tlie  kin^;doiTi  of  God 

does  not  rest  1  1  in  talk,  but  in 

power.  What  will  ye  lii.i  pn;  |  .mi 
••"iir.m:  :r  .\  ,  •  .  .1  •  •„  •  yw  |.i  v.iy 
li  'u  !.->  it  armcii  with  a  rml  ■  1 
I  I  11  that  I  am  to  cotiie  to  you,  or  in 
love  and  a  sjiirit  of  gentleness?  I  .?r 
v.milil  I'l'  /i',-  .■  iti  .  ihi  r  .  .i  f.  !..r  In  i-, 
tlu-ir  lallur  1  vcr.  l.^i.  ami  llir  li  mil  thai 
wn'Iilril  tin-  rml  \M>ii!i|  1m-  a  lallu  ili,  h.in,!  : 
liiit  lie  i|iii--l |i 111  1^  wlii-lliiT  that  lu\e  .^liall 
>  \iiri.~s  itbill  m  cliastiM-iiu-iil  ur  gentle- 
ness. 


34 


I  CORINTHIANS. 


[Ch.  V 


TllK  SOCIAL  MORALITY 


ol     I  NK  CORINTHIAN  CIlL  ULll 

(  v-\  ii ). 


(  II  \  IM  I  K  = 


rcii..il.  '1 


III.-- 


I  In-    (li'iitili  -. 
|f;itluT'>  "III.'. 
J    Ami  M- 


iliat  oiu- 


I.s  f. 

C.llM 


■  t  iiii'.it ; 
II  .1^  I 


1, 


|iiitYi 
tli.'it 


ll  lip.  illlll  ll.lM'  lll't 
llf    lll.ll    ll.llll  fllMIC 


vuli  furiii  'r.illuT  m..iiriu<K 
„,„ii.  .l  :mi..ii)!  thi.^  iIiT.!  mi«lit  \k  taken  away  fr-mi  ain..!iK 
von. 


■1 


p. 11 1\ 


mvi  11  111  ill"' 


l-mni  lilt  .li-.it--i 
,„„,.  u1p.1i.  iIi..ii'.:Ii   11  ll- 

■  ■11  iiiMi.il    ill.,  wa-.  "11  111" 
liMh.u.  i.illu  r  ill. Ill  .1  iiiMi.,1  c|ii.  11 

|..l-  r~  t"  ill'-  f.'ll-l'l'  i  i'i"ii 
,1>  rihintU  in"i.il  liU'  ••!  ill 

,1:..,,,    .11111,11.   ullU-ll.   -.11    ^..UU'   ..I    IN  l.'V.I- 

„  ,    !,,„   ,  n..iii.;li  ;  .iinl  lli<- 

III  u.  ji.  111.-  .il>M-tU-  |I.r.;it.ii>  1"  t" 
,n.  1^  -.v'n         itit>  !liHil''<'  , 

,.    1,,  :i  .-iiv        .MiniiU-trly  i;iv»'ti  "^'T 

w.i^  t  -i  mil  I"  ^1 

■  111,-  I  \  ,  1111-  1.  ilu'  l-ii'-*'  I  ,      ,  I 
l.  il.  r  I..  Ill,-  .liM-ii-!..ii        M  Mial  ivl.ili..i,-  ) 
sliiiw  anil  -ill.  i-  iM't  -mvr-.-uyj:,  an-l  it  | 
naliiral  that  t!li>  I'art  -1  ill-'  l-H'r  j 
hv  iiitn..lii>v.!  liy  tlu'  (Ii-,-n^^i|'ii  ..t  _:i  |-  ,i  -  i 
ti.  iilarK    tl.ii;rant  ..flni-i-    There  is  act-  | 
ually  a  report  of  fornication  among  you 
yes   i*."!    and  fornication  the   like  ot 
which  does  not  (exist*  even  among  the 
Gentiles    nm-N.   that   a   man  should 
have,  uiu  ilu  r  :i-  u  ilo  or  r- -u.  i.hin,-.  his 
father's  wife.    IVnil  i~  iii.h^'iM'H  t!'-''  'l'^' 
CliriMiaii  ,  lii'iali                       '  '"  ''.'V  \ 
i-v.'ii  111,-         -laP.l.'.vi  "I  tiH    r.m  in  wml'l.  | 
:iii,l  u,-  in-iv  .a-;iiii.    tli.it   tliN   a.;I    or  a1  | 
:iii>  lal,'  l!  ,   iM.lill,  r,-ii>a-  il  n-'l  -.il i- f.i'-t loii. 
^^  ^<U  ul.u  li  it  u  a-  v,  ,  .  iv,'l  hy  ill'    i  lnir.  li. 
;,n.M-  l.^-n.  a  t.;^.-                  -n  ot  ill.'  ihn- 
ti-,n  hlu  r'v  pia  a-  lual  In    I'au!.    .\l>ont  ihi- 
<■,-,,„.-  il-.-Il  ill,  r.-  i-  luiK'li  tliat  1-  ol,>.-iirf. 
\\       Ill,-    t.itluT'-    wiiV    till'    "laiis  "\vii 
ii„,t!i,r   or  111-   -tcpiiioihor-    .\liiM-.t  r.-r-- 
t:in,K  III.-  l.ti.  r.  .a-  tin-  w.ml  w.'thrr  wouM 
.■.  U.rn'v    h.iw   Ihvii   di,'M-n  to  I" -ml  Ha- 
l,,,i  i, -r  of  til,-  i-riiiH-.    T>ill  that  tlu-  criiiK- 
XV  1-  li.  riiM,-  .noimh  i-  indicaHal  hy  the 
us.-  ,.f   tlu-   i.hra-v,   tlu-  fatlu-'S  t.;/.-  in 
pref,r.-ti.-.-  '.n  -.u-pmothiT     \-miii  wa-  'li'' 
woiii.iii  a  riiri-li.-m  nr  not      ri..1'  ;li'.\  ii'-i. 
as  Paul's  ili-ci|iliiinry  jirojio-al-  ar.-  <lirriu<l 
exiiii-ivflv  against  tlu'  man:"    .Nu.iin.  "a- 
the  father  iKad  n-  not'    'Ihi-  I'oitit  t-  not 
certain;  it  .U'lmul-  'il'oii  wlutlur  hi-  i-  to 
be  i.loiitili.-.t  with  •' the  man  th.it  snth  recl 
the  \M-..m;"  in  J  l"or.  vn    u     .Neaiii.  i- 
the  iniiilication  that  he  /i<i</  this  woman  as 
wife  or  coiK-iibine?    This  point  is  also  iin- 


,.-nain.  .1-  fx*"'  ,.in  he  used  of  cither  re- 
|.iii,,ii-iiili ;  ami  tin  phiaso  in  vv.  J.  .t  "  he 
th.it  had  (lone  lhi->  ileed,"  "he  that  hath 
wvimht  till-  ihitiK."  do  tint  i«iiiit  de- 
ei-ively  in  either  <lirection.  In  :iny  ea-e, 
tlu-  union  of  a  man  with  Ir-  -ii-pinotliir 
wa>  eondemii.  ,1  I.s  (  ;r.  .  k.  Koinall  (  «'W«<t..' ) 
,inil  Jewi-li  opiiii,..!  (l,fv.  xvti(.  S).  I  he 
translation  in  .\.  \.  "not  so  niiuh  .is 
luini.-il"  rr-t-  upon  oiojua»«Tr<i.  uhuh  i-  an 
nnw.arr.iiit,  ,1  iiiti-rp.  m.iIi,  ai  iii  ilu  I'M 

2,  .\n  .let  wliu-li  woiiM  li  i\,  luin  an 
,.tT,n-,-  t,i  I'.i'jaii  -..,:,!>.  o-.:-lil  -ill.!)  l" 
li,,\.-  -ll..,  K.  ■!  -i-ii-ili\,-  I  liri-ii.iii  opir'"" 
|;,it    til,-    I'.  .1  iiillii.aii    ,-li:ir>-Ii.    wlu  llu  r 


.|-u--- 
.  Ill  ,1- 
.1  re- 
1.  I'.nil 
,i|  the 
I '. .rill- 


.1  l!a- 


lai- 


ni.ii.il  ' 
.n\>-r!-  II  .  >iii 
!i-  i.t  uhai  w 
wa-  n 


I'V 

hr..ni;lit 
p.maiii-iil,  or 

-   llU..lviil  111 


o\,r  h 

ol  nil-'   .,      ,     I  , 

t  liii  n.iii  lih.rU.  wa-  not  ia~i!y  -lioi-keil. 
As  for  YOU  ( '  A"'*  I  ye  are  puffed  up,  in  a 

-!,,!.  ..f  inll.ilion  (pirf.  rrn'„aiunti-oi  ioTf), 
.1  -lau-  app.irrntly  elironio  t,i  the  Corin- 
iliMii-  (iv.  fi.  li^^i.  I  liinsi-  must  have  lieen 
l,,,l  111,1, 111  It  the  I'urinthi.iii*  were  piitfed 
!-p  l,\.iUM-  i-f  the  crime.  This  is  not  (initc 
iiiilio--ihle,  as  such  a  crime  would  be  the 
lu-t  proof  that  they  me.iiit  what  they  -aid 
wlieii  thev  claimed  "  liherty "  t'"i  ih.  ni- 
-,  Ives  a-  (."hri-tians.  I'.iit  it  i-  n  l  n.  >  e— 
-;iry  to  suppose  this,  and  the  (ire,k  i.n-e 
(unlike  i-toaiult-naav,  in   iv.  i-  lallur 

:i'.^ain-t  it.  'I'he  m>aiimi;  may  -itniily  he 
th.il  the  crime  w.i-  ,i,a-ompanieil  hy  (not 
that  it  produced  I  ;i  U  .  liiii;  .'t  iiulalLai  >.ii 
the  p.irt  of  the  church  A-  the  iu  \l  clause 
sn.^.^,-i-:  iii-tead  of  h.'iiiu  -orry.  thev 
maiiiiaauil  ihi  ir  -tau-  "i  iii''.in' ai.  And 
ye  did  not  rather  fall  to  mourning  (  i.>i  ' 
.■„,,1.  ,n  \.air  luanuii,-,-.  i.iK,-  -I'l'-  that  the 
man  who  wrought  this  deed  be  removed 
from  your  midst-  hy  th. m-fhe-.  .a-  v.r 
i.(  -how  - ;  in  oili,  V  uor.i-  th.ii  In  \<-  ex- 

iiiiniimii-ale.i      i  in  r,     i-    -.  .ni>  t.. 
pr,---ive    .an,l    -oKaiiii    .ah.Mit  the 
f.  .rnial  allii-ion  t,.  the  man  in  vv. 
••  llu-  one  who  h.-nl  < 
I      |i.,--i!il,-  —  .and  -oiiH 
i  , ,f  or \ i.  111. ir,'  n.it nral 


1. nihil' 
• 

me   tin-  tiling."  ft 
ariine,  from  the  u.sc 
-to  read  this  verse 
interrouativeiy  :     are  ve  pilflfed  up.  and  did 
ve  not  rather  moinii  .■•  " 


Cii.  VJ  1  ( OKI NTI HANS.  3.') 


3  Fur  1  M  rily.  as  absent  in  Imily,  but  I  siurU,  with  tho  powi  r  of  mir  U>ri|  Jisu* 
present  ill  ']<\nl,  li;ue  jiKlKiil  alninly,  as   I  lirtst, 

tlioiiuli  1  were  iirist-iil,  Kiiiii-niiiin  hitn  5  I'li  ilfli\<r  -iioli  a  unc  nut.i  S.ii;iii 
that  liatli  ><i  ilunt-  lliis  ilioil.  i<>r  tlie  «li's>riifti>>n  ut  tin-  lK-.|i.  ili.it  tlic 

4  In  ilu' iianu- i.f  iiiir  l.tiril  JiMis  Clirist,  pirii  inav  In'  >.aM<l  in  ilio  <lay  «■!  ilu- 
when  ye  an-  K'"horiil  in^-iihi  r.  ami  inx  I  I  .•nl  Fcsns 


3.  Willi  llir  I.iMiN  .if  ilir  ("..rm'l!i,(n-. 
I'aul  I'liiiii.i        Iii^  ..uti  i|(ii>iiii   17UI  /Ki  . 

for  I  on  my  part,  absent  in  the  body 
but  present  in  the  ■pirit  — that  spint 
which  was  ilhitnitiatt'd  tlirmiKh  a'-sociatinii 
with  ihi-  -pint  aiiil  iiiUM-r  i>i  tlic  Luril  Ji-mis 
(ver.  4  I  have  already  come  to  a  de- 
cuion.  as  though  I  were  actital'y  pres- 
ent, with  regard  to  the  man  who' in  this 
way  perpetrated  this  cnnn  iv.r  ,\>, 
hfhpiKa  sri  Mis  lu  coniliine  two  i  ' .n-trmi loii^ : 
1  have  jiid^iil  tins  man,  ami  1  li.iu  1/,  - 
i'iili'J  to  ililivtr  siR-h  a  imk-  to  S.ii.iii 
{napiwoivai.  \,r.  ;i.  0\w  wi^iilil  li.irdly 
I  s|iri-t  I'.imI  1.1  jiiil'^i  :i  iiKin  irii  hi'.ir-.iy 
(tifconr.u.  \cr.  1)  i'\ i.lfpi-c :  iiilur  \w  rv- 
>;.iriN  liiiii-ili  a-  -pi  i  i.il !_\  >  11. luhu  ii- .1 
llii.>UL;h  III-  a--i  H.1.1I11  111  Willi  {air)  \],^- 
-p  ill  iif  Jv-u-.  "I.  a-  Waiii-.iy  -a\-,  "  tin- 

U'TiK   "1    lla\r    llhlm'.l    hull'    il.i   ll-a  llll|.l_\ 

a  li.  i;al  j  udj^iiu  iit.  Imt  an  i  1 --i.  in  ,.| 
I'iiiir-  M|iini.Mi  (111  a  null-  i.p.'it  •<{  tin- 
It  niakr-  litilv  liiltiTiiuT  ulullar 
\\i  iaki'  uis  napwf  111,  an.  "a-  Ili.'ii.Jt 
actually  lirc^cnt  "  or  "a-  I'cin.:  pn -int  " 
(that  is  in  spirit).  Does  ofrwi  (thus) 
mean  1I111-.  -Iiaim  fiilly,  or  Christian  though 
he  lit'  liy  piiifi  ssioii 

4,  5.  PaiiTs  decision  is  Riven  with  great 
di  lilkratioii ;  clause  I'ollows  clause  with  iiii- 
iisiial  soleniiiily.  and  the  reader  is  held  in 
hrcatliK-s  siispiii-.-  nil  tin-  latelnl  word 
TT  ipa,"ioi  i  cti  j-  ri  Mclicd.  'I'liL-  jiidKinent  is, 
in  the  name  of  our  Lord  Jesus,  when  you 
have  gathered  together,  and  my  spirit,  in 
association  with  the  power  ot  our  Lord 
Jesus.  TO  DELIVER  HIM  THAT  IS 

SUCH  TO  SATAN.     1  he  phrase  //;, 

ihiiiu-  ,il  our  Lord  Jesus  may  .m  aininalu  ali  v 
;.;ii  t  illii  r  uilh  "  iralhcrv  d  "  or  "  iK  lucr  "  : 
siiiiilarlx  till'  plira-.  :,///;  //i,-  powr  of  our 
I  01,!  Jrsns.  Ii  -.11-,  on  tin-  uli"K-.  ln'-t 
t"  take  till-  lilt,  r  para-c  with  "  pallirrnl," 
;iiul  the  |..rnh  r  unli  "■KliM-r,"  i  lu  .li- 
ci-i-ii  i-  in  lla  iiaiii.-  ot"  l.  -n-  il.  li\i  r 
Iiini  I..  Satan,  alter  the  (.'.  .rintliiaii-  liavi- 
a--i  iiililid    with    tin-    -pint    ..f    tin-    ali-.  iit 

I'.i^M      ill      .1  - 1.1  i 'I  I      vsiiil      iii.il      .'!  i.-lt'. 

Ail  tliiiii;^  were  to  be  done  hy  Cliri-ti.iiis 
ill  the  n.mie  ot  llie  Lord  Je-11-  i('  I  in 
17)  forliitvi  act-;  of  snch  Kr.i\e  and 
^■'lenin  iniport.ince  ( cf  \ct-  111.  '1;  tin- 
utterance  of  the  name  of  je-us  ua-  proli- 
ably  believed  to  summon  His  presence  and 


p. IT  (  Act-  III  |o  ,  ll  1 ,  i|.  .t  tp:i',-  ,  '.  .ir 
\v  ia  ill.  r    1  li»'    |i!ir,i  -e  ,"   .,  .■■     ,  ' 

y.-v/n  e".-  •.■iii-.  l\  Willi  (/IV  .'f  'it.  iiiip!\MU 
tli.it    r,iii;\  spun   w.i-   -ii-t.iin.  .1  and  illa 
liaiie.l    i-y    ii.x.  ,  J, ;/,■,•>(    ,■,,■;/(    llie    -pint  ..i 
Je-11-.  (ir  wliellur  It  iliiplie-  lli.il  ill.-  p.nM  r 
o|  J1-11-.  a-  a  -ep.ir.iti'  eiililj,  111. 1.  - 

peiidenlly  present  (yon  .  .  .  and  my  spn  it 

!.  .  .  to^cllu  r  u  tih   the  power  of  Jesii- 1 
It    is   mterestiiin   to  note   the   import. nice 

\  li.  re  ;itlaclied  to  the  cotnoeatioii   of  ilie 
'I  mill!  Ill  .■Imrch:  tlii-  is  one  01  tli,>  i.k- 
'  •1-   ill    tile  deci-ion.    'I  he  c.  .n-titiii  ion  of 
tlie  cinircli    i-   what   u.-  inulit   .'.iM  cUin- 
.'cralie:  lli.  \    !m\.',  a-  w.  in  \.r    \  \, 

I'm-  ri'-:!it  .mil  the  d'lly  lo  kn  p  tlhir  iiu  mi- 
1"  1  -iiip  pine. 

5.     ll  i-  uorlhy  of  note  1I1.1I   I'.eil  d' 'CS 

,  imt  ai  ti!a!!\  -ay  tli.it  lie  d.  ei.l.  -  ii>  hand 
tile  c;;lprit  o\ei  In  Sal.ili  ;  Imt  r.u'  rmoi  ror. 
Mu  li  ;i  one.  a  111, m  oi  llii->  km.!.  \\  li.it  i> 
til. ■•111!  !■>  ■■  .Ii  i:\ .  i  iiil;  .1  iii  ni  I.,  ."s  i'.!)!  "  • 
W  .■  lu  re  ti.'uli  .1  i  K.  le  of  iil.,i-.  ll.  it  i.e.  i- 
li!y   'eiiiiiiil    ii>   that    we  .ar.-    re.i.lniL;  an 

.  .ft.-K  nt  .!■  I 'vtr.  ni.  Sal, in  1-  V'>  vu  .it  .ul- 
\er,-.iry  of  d-i.l:  c  iti-.ipuiUij  -ickiu --  and 
'II-.-  I  '  .a-  .  \  ll  '  iiiii'^-.  .r  I-  oil.  11  a-. -I  li  .-.1 
to  liiiii.  It  u.i<  II.  wlui  lii-.iimlit  c.il, unity 
an.l  lepro-\  npi'ii  |..li  1  I.  !.  1.  11  1.  an.l  uh.'i 
had  '■  bound  "  the  w. 'in. 111  wlu'in  .Ii  -iis 
lie.iled  111  the  syiLiKoyiie  on  the  S.ililiath 
d.iy  (Luke  .\iii.  lb),  [he  sinner  is  lure 
delivered  t.i  Satan  for  destruction  of  the 
flesh,  ami  liuse  illintrali.>ns  shovv  that 
^iich  a  w. Ilk  Would  be  peculiarly  coniienial 
to  Inni.  loirtlur.  the  siranne  ;iiith..nty 
cl.iitiie.l  !■>  till  ,ap.  istle  is  p.iralli'U-d  ei-e- 
"  •I.:  I  1  >  1 1  i.  ti.u  iiN  .and  .\!t  \.in.l.  r  .ar.' 
-iniilarly  delivered  (jra()iiW/,a  1  t.i  S.it.iii. 
ili.it  they  may  lie  disciplined  (  i  Tun.  i  joi. 
111.  p.  wer  uf  an  apostle'-  w.a.l  i-  li'  i-- 
t!  ;i>.l  |.\  the  st.  ries  of  tlu-  i,i!,>  ,,t  Ximui,, 
■.■■■■\  S  ;.!:!■■::  .  \.-<-  \  1,  ..11  !  lilnidn, 
tli.it  fi  .1  up. .11  l.'viiia-  1  \.  t-  Mil.  Ml:  -o 
tlii^  .iiidjtii.  Ill  i  i    i'.uil   1-  t.i  111-  cmii  eived 

;  a-  c.arrMii-  |i..teiicy  Mi  it  r'.--il)ly, 
Ii.iwever.   a-    K.iiii-.iy   si  u..^e-l-.   lli.'  me.ii'i- 

I  "111^   iiia>    il.    i.  --   I.triiii.-:    li'.'   piir.i-i    111. ly 

III.    t'.iriiuil  .111  the  aiiiloyy  ..t  ilu'  I'.irmiit.c 

'  liy  w  liu  li  a  dri-.  k.  who  had  1"  111  w  r.  .in,'.-.!. 
-.1111.  time-  "  .'Mii-i'^i'i  .1  tile  .'riiimi.'il  t..  ih,' 
(io(l.  .'ind  1.11  til.  t'lini-lmii'iit  in  In-  m- 
llicted  hy  ilntiie  power  ...  If  then  -iih- 
secpiently  befell  him  any  bodily  sufferinj?, 


I  roKINTllIANS. 


[i  n.  V 


„    s.:r  ..!".v.V...  "   I    K:..A     .,!.........!    !'■•'■  --n   Chn.t   our  iw,^ 

,1    .  I  ,,,    I.  .        .  I         -.1.  ritu  .  .1    !•  1- 

'111 ^     11,  r,  I.  r.    l.t        1-"!'  'li'-  ""' 

>•     ••  •'         ■'•  •'     :;;.:.■.■.;:„..!  '...„/  ..f  -.„.-, r.u  .n.i!.. 


t.'  ,„",],.,;„. I,   ,.'si„.n,,i  .  II.  so  then  let  u>  keep  the  fes- 

'•■   *■';,,  ''•.,,.',;':„  '  !  ■«.,!•..,.,.   n     tival.    W.    .:    1    -  - 


'     '  .       I  ■,  .    ,.    ,       1„.     h.iNr     li.  .  II     Ulill.  II     .ill"'"     I'.l--.-..  1  lull.. 

that"  tlic    '.pint  '  .■ii.  t    i,-t.    sM  -Ml  .nn.-.-  tlirv-- 

may  he  saved  ii.  the  day   fin.  "i^     --tual  -  a-n  i..  •  l 


..111  ..i  1.  Ill     niay  i)e  saviu  n.  ■  ■      ,  ■    "  ,     i  i      ,    i     i  ,, 

'^'V'^'^';      ^ '  - oid  ie^e;;;';::.;,.,;,  V:;: 

'"  I  v.     ',.l'.',.„  , I,  •,...,„.  I   IV,-  r-i.!li;...i.    fr..:i.    ill- >.    ■••1    l-.Ual.    lit.,  nor 

li',,,,         'in  ^u  '^^  il..    -ntaf.  u'n-  with  leaven  of  evil  and  wickedness,  ; 

'"o'    l.;V.'u"-.i    ..  V,  ,1  an  ulhiiM-.  ...n-  iiHli.V,''!  V,  i'l . .     '    ■    i  ,  hut  with 

,  ■      |.„;-    ,,  ■   .(  ,.1  -.tic  --f  the  unleavened   bread   ol  transparency 

',•,'!.,,.'  this  iilu'vuiK  of  yours  is  nut  and  truth.    It  Iia-  1  - .  n  .-■■i-.-l  il-.it 

";;;;„;'l  K,;.^::'i.c    ..'r   m.    l-      that  a  ,n„l,,-,an,l,i,.  ..f  M-  ,-nw..n.  U-...,-.  uhu-U 

little  leaven  leaveneth  the  whole  lump?  !■<•  ik-w  pn.ciH-u  i--  .li-iu- 
I  Ik    lump    1^    tlic    CliMMi.m    c--iniMnnii>  . 

>il,  it  i-  i' f  Ii.iM-n'    I-  ii  til'   -1"  -li  -i'f'' " '1  ,         .  .    ,  ,  , 

ir.ipli.  -.1  C.rintl  ,...       T'.i.  .liin,-,   int..  tli,   t  ,.ru„ln,a,  .liuich 

1      „     i.-ral  !U:U    i.-i  il  ■>  Imi'mI  I'^Ih  '..-..n  I  i.  ni-t^i  i-UmN 

„    ,,,„.;.l         ^Ti,'.    1..   ta  'I  ,  n.!  .,n  ■niiu-nl-  ..I  11.  r  iiMiil..  r-      111-  --M 

'■"       '  '■        ■  ,11  ,!  •  1.  ••  ..f  pa-4..nMii.         t'  .  -r  nn-ciuM.- 


|,  ,,|  ,a    .,.-|,M       -  a\-    all  .11-1  -..I      ••'   l-.i-  ni.~...,  ...   •■■I 

;V.,1,  |„    ,„., a.. -  ■  l.  -i.l.'-     !        "1  t'.-  CIiriMian  .M.nn.,  o,„,l  ,„,■,!  t,> 

•         ,|    „    ,..    1,.     l.,l..i,    ,|-.,nni,.:  V         u'-  -  lar     .  .sp;:!!!.  tm'  ;"'VI"". 


I  I' 


,1,,    I,  i,,'n  :-,  .,.  vr   .'^  -ul-j.   ■-.  li>  '  ik>  -  ill-'  rlmrrli  aii.l  t-p>  ,-ially  htT  nm-t 

,\  ,V,.,Ml,,;','ii'.  1.  th  r  an.l  .kpra\ii\  --l  lli--  <  ^■■n-\'W\u^\\^  siiiiirr 
1  iiiihi.iii-  lli.-iii^t  '\ ,  ^. 

7.8.    (■..ii--.Kriii--;  then  tlu-  (l.iii'J- r  »,.  t'  ■  -,       ,        ,,•     ,,■     n     ,  I    it-,-  Mit 

].  .  ,,         .  i'  ,  It  V.   -  ..i-Iv  ,-..aa:  :       I.  hiii  j:  In.-  II  ."(,/    .)  I  .it,i  Ml.s- 

,.        ,     •     d'-anse  out  the  old  leaven  i,r/,/.).</  .  ./  ix.-ii.^i 

completely,  that  ye  tnay  be  a  new  lurnp  , 

;r^''i^fi;;%e  are'~':.r;,i:i;V./;,a:u:   'ifm;;,;.,  ,.-,nM,  .1.,,  .1.,^,.  .hu:;. 

!.v  'i.r,,i>-i'ii     free'from  leaven  ..|'  particular  .       I    I  '     >■  u       -  i.,  n  •  ■  n 

.nil  , I  km.l     V  ,-  i.r..,.f  rU.r.  ^^■u  .r,-.  tlr-I   .-a-.-ni.  ..!   -I"-'!' ■         "'''^-''^  -'^ 

our  passover  land,  has  been  sacrificed,  tliiat..  a'-nt  .il.r  .•.•i-lr.-t      ,  ".'J'^:; 

even  Christ:   aii.I    in-t   .i^.   accnr.iin-.;   n.    .rn;.ai. n         l.i-.-  ' 

flTr\|o"     la,;  I  •s-.-l  i--t>.  MH    r'.  an     -nluppi!--     inqii.nt     Ii^nr.-     -m  tlu 

.Icrihc  ..fli..    pa-..v,r,..-r!.  ..-a,-  -tr..,.         (  ■  nmh.    lie  COmM    lurdiy  be 


fa.  \  J 


1  rulilNTIIlANS. 


I)    I  uruii'  in.Ni  V  M  111  an  i|ii-.tlo  iiiri  m 

I  '  'PIM 1  n    w  v  \\    !■  •niii  .r . .]  -  .  I 
\  <  I  .li''     '  ..I  r   u  nil   till'   t.  1  Ml  I 

c.lI.m-  '  t  till-  .r  wii.i  liif  iiiMt,, 

i.r  1  I'lur-.  i.r  willi  I  '-'l.iiii-.  t'T  I 

mu-l  >i    lunl-  u'l  I. Ill  "i  till  \v<'rlii. 

II     r.'il    111  US    I    !;,!  ..     \\\       ■  '    nut'  •   >  •  ,i 


<  !i  '1:-.   "r    .111    nil      ■  t .    '■:    .1    :  ~  '  ! .    ■  •!  .k 

•  'r'!'li..ll  ■!.  •  I  .1.1  .-.!••'.■:.!.  .-.  •  ;  ■  !«  !l  ,1 
1  .hi     1;  '   :  •  '    |.  •   1  .r 

I  I.r       «  ll.ll        i    .l  .  ,  I        •  .;,  ,       I,  ,        ;  :, ,[;.,. 

•II   .tU.i   lii.il    .III    ui'lii'iit      ilii   IMI  ye 
llii  III   1 1 :.it   .ir.    »\  i:  ;i  11 

I'.llt      llUIll       ti.lt       .111       A\illMllt  tl'.il 

"hUi'Ii.  Ili.  it  li.rr  |i-.:t  .nv.iV  IfiMII  .lllliiiiu'. 
vi'iu-il.ii   tli.it    ^irkiil  inr^i'ii 


.ixi'iiKii;  uli.tt  \v;i^  t"  In    t'r  jttitndt  iif 

I  .  .11!  I  ii  lil. mill  1  >    |.  .    i:  ■  '  .  :.  1  :       ..    'ii  ■ 

llii-i  |);i->ii;i'  .t|i|iriii>i  I  . ;  i.  ••<".'-\^-  .lu  l.i -i 

V'.  ill.  h     .Ii    il'      W  '  >      v.,:-..  !  . 

9,  10.  I  wrote  to  you  i  "i  m  ili  - 
li-lt<  r    I  v\ .    J,    (i.    I  V    t A.iiii|i  >  ,    :ii      11  It 

in    tlif    let  tfr 

not  to  a^<soclate    .vitli  nnindral  people. 

>iiMn-  li.ivv  >ii|rii  i-i  . ,   1        ,1   ir.miiutit  "I 

tllr     'rill  I      ,i  ■  il     1  -         '  1  ■.  ■    .    •     111  (   i  ir. 

\  i     I  t  1  II     1 .     Ill   -'  *  '  I     \  1  I  II 

fi  I  ■  .i|i|i.i  1 1  III i I,  111  I  I  I ii  ill  .1  1  111  c-c 
nil  lltli'.il  \Mtii  that  i;  111  luTf  III  Ih,-  i.l- 
I.  r.  ill-  lliiiiiclit  li.i  nil  .riii;..^  ui  .  ■  li 
.iilviro  wa-  |>l.iiii  nil  tin-  l.uc  I'l  it  m 
cuiiiu  II  (I  did)  not  at  all  imean>  lutt 
they  wiTi-  to  have  tn 'lli  ii'.:  I  ■  il"  with  the 
immoral  people  oi  this,  li  .a  ;  .  '  .  i 
Clui-ii  iii.  world,  or  with  the  greedy  and 
rapacious  inni'  c!;i--,  utuliT  niii-  ariivli-' 
Tun     till-    <i(i^ '•>"    .ill     ihi'  nn-iTii|ii:!iii:-ly 

ii  \ii   i~i  or  with  idolaters.    That  whmUI 

'iiiii  .ill-  :i.l.  ii.r  tU'i  rt.i-"!i-  li) 
111  .r:-i  I  M  ill  '  iiu  il  with  ^niii  |ui.jiir, 
.iinl  I'lc  .iiiiii.itv  li'-iiii--  III  iiiii^t 
ii.u  f  im  ■  K  I  il  ]HM  |M  I M  il  .  I  t  I.  t  w  i;  i!  till-Ill  ; 
;inil   111'  Iki'.-ih-i'  ('liri-i  .iirii    •  ii  iiiil\  iii- 

lll-l  lli-c  -i.lMi  ty  liy  i  iiht.irl  \^  ill  11.  i;i  ri- 
.i!;.iili,  ;t  liti  il  iiM\  11,  u  ili.  ;  ,1  :  Ml  :  .  1,  ,  iMi 
tlie  wli.iJc  luiiip  III'  M.;i  Mil  l.iiki' 
Ml.  ^  ;i  !i  .|i'.,  .  I  .  ij!,  11,  .  ■  :  I.  i. 
I     ll      '  M   I  .  •  ,  ffir  in  that  .  ,l^e. 

you  would  have  had  tn  leave  the  world. 

II.    But  as  a  matter  of  fact,  uhti  1 
ii.iliy  11.1.1111.  will  11  1  wrote  to  yuu,  > 
ilii>.     I  he  uiiril-  iii.iy  ei|i;,ii!y   ue!l  im 
l>iil  tiii.\'      1(1  .mini  .ill  mi-iiii(!er-t.inil 

-/  r,r;/,-  t,i  yua  nut  t'l,  etr.  i  the  m.  ■•.I'li  il 
I'lii^tdiary  anrist).  In  t  itlier  ea-e.  « h.it 
!'aiil  ine.int  dir  iiii  mm  tU\-    if  a  man 

bearing  the  name  of  i  hiM^tmn  brother. 
•'!;!!  i-.  a  ;-.'h  !!'.  Mb.  r  he  given  to  im- 
morality, cr  greed,  or  idolatry,  or  abuse, 
or  drunkenness,  or  rapaci'v.  yoa  are  not 
to  associate  wit^  that       '  of     an  nor 


even  to  eat  with  him.  I !  i  |i  mi'\  i  i  the 
.  il  11 1  h  iMM  .1  hi   |ii  I  -iM  \ ,  I !   ,1    ,     ....!-,  .iinl 

.1     I'  Ml  I    1 11'!  -,     Willi   ill   ;i  III   I  I .;  -   I  .  |.r.  i  \  m 

II  ii  ll.ll>    .1.  1  .  .  .1    ii.    1  II.,  M  ■,  .  w    1  I    I  .  h.  1, 
pi  in!"  i|  .  1  M  y    u  .  !  I    ill  1 .1 1 II  1  -  .  ;  liy    :ii  i,  nr.,- 
I|    ihi>  e.iliili n;iu   nl    -ip-  i;im  -   m-  .i  ii.il 
liliiiili^e  lilt"  'lie  ei ini|i"~ilii III     '  ' 

I  '.   i.j.     i:  •    I  I  ;.    -M  !'  ,M  !  I 

I'ur  wuat  huMiiCM^  is  it  et  mine  tn  jiuinc 
those  that  are  outside?    1   .i  '  .i 

■.  111  I  t  M  'It  ill.  -  Is  that  not  your  own 
practice  ii  -i<>fi  to  judge  those  that  are 
mside,  while  of  those  that  arc  outside 

iMi'liir  villi,  iii.r  I.  hilt  God  is  the  judge 

I  f.,<ii-n,  hr'.tt  r  ri.i'l  .1-  |>ri -1  lit  tii.iii  fiitiiie. 
'■»•"<").  1-  till  re  .1  ti'iieli  (It  ir.iii)  in  tile 
;.'ir,i-.   "ye  jii.'.L-e  lh..-e  lli^t  are  vMlliin"? 

III  ill.  ll.e.4r.i!H.  k-.rf-r  iiii-.ii  whieli  I'.iiil  prn- 
ii  'iiii.  i  ,  -II  hi.i\y  ,1  1  Mih  iiii  'il  iv\.  ,5-51. 
-..  i.ir  Will  iii.>  Ili  Mil  1  Mih^ui-  It  that  tficy 
I  l  v.inii  li  w  ■ !;  1'  iiiii  I  : .  Ill  .■  .iiiil  i-\etl 
ei  nil  I  I      I  i .  1  :i  I     r.e .  i  -     j.i  1.  iii|i!.  ii  y     e.  iiii- 

11;. 11!.;  ■  i-iiiii    Keniovc  the  wicked 

man  from  your  own  mid.-.t   's  r 

1  i\l  I  i!llll:Mir..\ll  I-     .ll         Ml  n      III       Ml        I  M  ,  — 

■I     |MI  I  II  m',,1-    hi      ;  .     li.  l.K   ;  M     ,  ,|     li  ,      -iMi,  r 

■.\  liii  h.i-i  i.iki  II  111-  i,,i  i  I  f',  \\  M.  .  I  >\  I  r 
«:il..i|  null  hi>..iiil  i!ii  ti,,',r  i.f  the  elririli 
yiiit  h.ive  nu  iMiliei.i!  imuii-:  h  i  ii  1-  ueir 

■■Idiin  duly   t  .  I.  I 'e'-t.  .Wit,  ->   ti  i  ;i.;riiy 

'll  iliiireii. 


i'  ■ '  iiri  h  niM-t  r. -pii'i  lu-r  id'-i!-  and 
I  ,k,  If  i;i-.d  -I.  |.-  Il .  e  ML,  r\e  ih.  Ill,  I  ler 
liu  M  I  niM-i  imt  •■  ..^1.  .  Mt  III  the  uiirld  " 
ivhieh  It  1  tlnMv  duly  t"  le.ueii.  hm  ^lu- 
niiiM  -1  ml  I  .1  III'  h.  r  ,■■  MMiritii.  mi  tli-  -e 
nliii.  I.v  a  deliln  rately  ■  iiImI  lile,  h.i^e 
h.  tr.ii..i;  h'M  ,iiii|  lu-r  Lurd     Ami  the  a|i,.>- 

!h.    !:  :■    •:,    !h.-    T!;.  t"!.i  r-  ;!>..  .aiMr-h 

111  el'  'h:-  e  \i' itMiiliiliie.i'  I  Ili  In  r.-ml's 
emU'  I-'  einireh  imiity,  the  members 

cotin;         niiuh  tcf.  \er,  4). 


38 


I  l  UUINTlIlANS. 


[Ch.  VI 


CHAPTER  6. 
I    Dare  any  ..f  ym,.  b.-ivinn  a  niatur 
atfaiii'.t    an..llur.   ffo   U.    luv    WU>rc  tla 
unjust,  an.l         Ui.<rc  tlu'  ^ainis.' 

.      I),,    VL-    Il..>  llMl    Hi.-    -.11.  is    -  l.i 


111-  niili;i'<l 

]\)Ak<.   ill''  ■ 

liiin  I"  llii- 


liy  you.  arc  ye  unworthy  to 
■  nialk-t  matters? 

M  IK  it  that  wc  shall  jmluc 
\'inncli  more  things  that  i>er- 

lilo; 


1  If  tlun  ye  have  jiulKmeiit-  i  t  tliiiiK'i 
I  iMTi  iiniiiK  to  this  life,  set  th.'in  t..  uulRe 
!  ul  .,  lie  liast  esteemed  in  the  church. 


Cliristuin  lUsfut.s        Ui-ntlu  n  Cruris  O 
l-il  ). 


Th.s  e,..>tle  v:l"l.s  r:>Mly  jm,!  ' 
from  om-  toinc  m  a.^tlu  r.     Ww  nu  M. 
r.-f.r.'mv  i-  -  ni.l'-:n.u  "  m  >■  i    \-  i-'. 
HCMS  tin-  l..r^:.r  .|"-<'""  lU.;.;aM"n. 
VlK-   r.l.-.t..M,   ol    llu    crnanan  Ll...M,an, 
,o  ,he   onluK.ry  U  .al    ,.r..>  .p<-  .-m-l 

hmiM.ll  ..f  tl'--.'.  in  11-  -1  -li;!'-"  I»- 
u'c.n  liim.  ;.  :,n,l  a  l...-l,.r  ^  ""-"X 
1,,  .,,,1,  ..t  i!i.'  iii.Ktiiutr  1"  \el.  I,  tlR 
,.1„,,,1-  ,11  111.  l..H..unv.^  v.r->s  O^t  ^.■r, 
-  •■  \  ,  l.a\.  law-.in-;  \nm1i  on.'  .-mother  ). 

:,,'„    .;-,„,.^  ^    -i^'-:.  -t    that   ihi-  l.oint  had 
i.!,,>  li.arv  i:i'M,l      \.ral  Itim--. 

I  Does  any  of  you.  that  has  a  mat- 
ter in  .l  -i-MU  with  another  l  hn-t.a.i  have 
the  hardihood  to  go  to  la*  before  (the i 
unrighteous  m.l.;.-.  instead  of  before 
(thel  saints?  lo  .1,.  tin-  ,-  an  an  - 
clTroiiIi-rv  (ro\«a)  to  tlu-  '  /'.'.  ■  .v  -I'mt 
that     on'utit     I.,     .n.nnilr     i!h      '  !.n-ti:in 

l„„l,,m,  an  iilin  il  al.-nnlity  ;  loi  uliy 
sli,,nl,I  nun  u!i-  lia\r  1»>  n  Mi;  .< 
■,.■,-).►  «iu-"T,r.  .  i;..  l  .lTi  llu-  uniu^l  (  "."mh  > 
for  /in-/;,  .■  t'lni-iMii-  uli"  an-  callnl  to 
1«-  uunts   .1.  -M,  -la.nM  I'aw    .ni>   ili-pnl- - 

tvr.-  1  111-  i-'i.ira/l.  n  ali.  n  ..1  tin-  lu  alln  n 
in'lui-         ni,  -,./   1-    n..t    1..  1.1    lakin  to., 

ri.  .!-U  :   til'  i>    "'■'>  ■' 
,„    n  ,    llu     u-i.l    1-  --'-""".■  -■'■.■••'^ 

1,1  r,in!  llu!  a  nal  ri--ln-cl  I'T 
,„,,,,,,U  V..n-lM,n,  .l  .r-.llu  rily  (  Uo.n.  vni. 
;  ,  i„n,-.ll   ai.v-al.,1   to  t.e-ar.  llu- 

.liM.mi  -  .il'ont  «liu-li  I'.nil  i-  thiiiUm.^  an-. 
,„  u-nl.ir.  ill..-.-  that  .•.■nceni  V'op.-nv 
<v<r  .'^i  ;  aiul  tlu-  matiriali-tic  siMrit,  wl.uli 
-,„-li  liii«.ili..ii  i>-\v.iU-.i.  «as  the 
trailulioii  of  til.  -pint  which  shoul.l  W 
their-  a-  riiri-liaii-  1  he  (.icok-  \v.  r.j 
foil.l  of  lititfatii.il.  with  II-  <li-cn--u.n-  ai  .1 
,,.,,.„,..,,,  Jit- ;  ;inil  It  «..nl.l  not  1"  la-y  lor 
■  lu'iii  to  -haU.-  llu-iii-.  -  If  e 
,,o-itiolt.  .■veil  afl.T  ill.  N  l-  anu-  <  lin-l'.,-  • 
a.  3.  Or.  coiitmiu-  I'anl.  H  yon  p.  r-i-l 
in  'thi-  pra.-tu-.-.  n  nvi-i  !■  •■  "a-  v"  , 
luive  l..rK..lten  that,  in  the  divine  ecoiu.my. 


rr  llu-  n-al  jn.li;.-  ol"  llu-  uo'M  Do 
not  know  — till-   plir.i-c  .Kcin-.  mx 
in  till-  .liapur  (,\v.  ->.  .\.  15. 
ami    pr..l.al.lv    al'Aa\-    ni    llil>  letter 
a    -liulilU    n.  ■nu-al    lli\oi     men  SO 
a.  \on   Corinilnaii-  ouglil  to  know 
that  the  saints  shall  judge  (npirovatv, 
1„  tu  r  til. ill  Ap'i'oi-ff'f.  jiulne)  the  world. 

J7g »  main- 
sarca^m.  .nl- 


y-  " 
you 

Unir 
||)  1. 
w  nil 
;>  /..r 
lln- 
till.. 

K.ini-.iy  { l-.xfosili'r.  Kjiio.  p 
I. nil-  ill  It  "an  iinilertoiio  of 


iiio-t  ot  banter,  is  lo  he  iiiuler-tooil  as 
niliiiK  tliroiiKlioitt  \i.  -■-4."  aiul  lli.it  we  ilo 
not   here  have   "a  -,  rioii-   <U--ei-i|.tion  ot 
the  future  power-  ami  ilnlu  -  ot  I  lii  i-tian- 
'Ihi-  mav  he:  .i  pKivnn  llirn-i  ol  lln-  kind 


would    In-   cpiit.'    ni  il 
i'.in  on  llu-  oilu  1  liiiul. 
l.r  .  \|.l.nm  il  111  '.nil-  oi 
lief.    ,\.-.or.lin'-;  I',  "an 
w  a-  lo  lie  i;n  ell  1.  >  llu  - 
Ihu!)  ;  ,iiul  ulu  11  llu  ■ 

;.|„,n    ih,-    llir.'u-  .>! 
\li.,  li.ul   loll'i"..!  llini 
the 


iii.niiKi    !.|  r.inl. 
llie  1.1.  11  lie.  e.iii 
e.  T.l.  mi.'  a  ..1  \  lu'- 
\n  inil-.;nunt 
.  mil-  "I  ill'  M.'-t 
.r  i.i   .M  .ii  -liie.ilil 
III-   u..i>.  lli..-e 
uh.i   ii.iii    ioii.i\..'i    loiii   wire   .n-o   lo  Mt 
,.n   Ihi-oiu-   jiukniL:   tlu    lueK.    ii,lie>  ot 
l-ra.  1  I  M.n    M\         l-"'^'  ' 
privilitfi-  of  imliiiiit.;  w""!.!  he  theirs  when 
r-,  M, --MHU  kiiuj.l. 'in  liail  come  (el  iv  S). 
And  if  THK  WORLD  i»  i^oa^ot.  emphatic) 
appears  before  you  (»'•         m  thronsh 
,11  a-.-inliK  of  v.,nr-i  for  judgment,  are 
ye  ilun  unworthy  of  MtiiiiK  upon  the 
smallest    tribunals  -  that  trilninals 
where   peilv  ca-.-  ar.-  tru-.l      ihe  tiitiire 
null;.--  of  tile  wor'.l  -lumlil  -m.-ly  l"-  e.ip.i- 
lile  of  iiiiltfiii'J  in:  '       \  .a-'  .i  i.l"  .i'-  ''u- 
iliuMs-hi  111  other  w.inl-    do  ye  not  know 
that  we  are  to  judge  not  only  men  hut 
angels     the  two  to^.tlur  mak,    np  ilu^ 
u.alil  lie  111  -  to  say  nothmg  at  all  of 
ordinary  things  ilit    ih.-  tliini;-  "f  "I'h- 


n; 


W  1. 


1  I  .  \  .  I- 
.1,, 


111 


4 

any   la!.-  -i..'l..ii  i 
lln. in-,  an.l  llii-  ni  iN 
niterprel.ilion      I  lu- 
upon  wliitlier  lli  s.- 

in 


It 


\ ,  1  -.■  nil  .111-. 

-li.inu- ill'  t.'' 
i-ne  -."iu   line  t. 
i|iie-ti..n  tiini'- 
:e/i 


-  it 
rill 
.  lis 
(a) 

.  ,,>;■  of  11..  III'.  I'll"' 
//;,•  Jiiii-.li  .ir.-  the  lieallien   indues  or 
„.s,«,„r,.....t    la.na.r  the   .-ll'treh..  atld 

,1,1  ,,,„.ii  \.  '  .ili.  r  Mi'o.r«  1-  imliC.-itive  or 
„i„„r.iin.  If  then  it  is  ordinary  ca«e* 
i.i'iu'Tihi.  v.iv  eiii|'h..!u-.  echo  of  last  word 
,,i  i.i-t  -eiiieiKei  that  you  have  to  try, 


Ch.  VI] 


I  CORINTHIANS. 


5  1  siHiik  to  your  shame.  Is  it  so. 
that  there  is  tmt  a  wise  man  amonn  ytm? 
no,  not  om-  tliat  ^It.ill  lie  able  to  jmlne 
lulwifii  liis  liritlirni? 

(.  r.ut  lir.  i!u  r  vi.kiIi  t.i  law  with  brother, 
an<l  that  Iu  Iitc  tlie  iiiilHliivtr^ 

7  N'ow  then  fiTe  ihi-n-  i-  nth  ily  a  fault 
anii'iii;  Mill.  lui-:m^c  \i-  K"  law  "!u-  wiili 
aili.llur'  WIv  il."  ><■  1'"'  r,!t';,T  I.i'm- 
wronsi?  Why  i\"  yc  not  ratlur  suft.-r 
yoursch  es  tu  be  deiraiuhiK' 


S    Nay,  \i-  ilo  wroiiK.  a'ul  ilefraiul  and 

that  \,iui  linthrcii 

1)  kll'iw  _\f  11.. I  llial  1:;.  i 
I  >Iiall  II. .(  nilu  ril  lli.  km^.l""! 
1  I'll-  not  clci-<  i\ .  il  .  11.  itlu  r  |.  1  n  , 
i  1.1. .l;iti  t      11'  T    ,1. lull.  1 .  r-.   11. <r 


II.  'f 

ii> 
■Intii 
-liall 


1- 


.t  111 
\..r  tliiiM 
viir.!-,   II. If  r. 
inherit  tli.-  !■ 


■in-ii  K 
11.  r 
\  iK  r>.  111 
iiii;<liim  . 


irmiili '  'lis 
.■I  t.i...|- 
I'.'r^.  11. 'T 

I  I!.  llUll.l!!', 

I  mankind, 

I..11-,  nor 

\'.  irtl.  ilKTS, 

,1 


what  then?    In  th.nt  case,  either  (a) 
point  in^iniiiticaiit  ehnreli  nunil.tr>  i 
tie    >ik1i  ili-)inte-. 
will  he  .1.1.  iliiati'   |. 'f 
\  I  111  a]i|i.  <\\\'  111  .11  li<  n 


-  the  hiiinlil 


ai>- 
t- 

ilr.llllc-. 


-mil  :i  ta>k  :  or 
iii.li;is  to  -ettle 


(l.t 
-lull 


<ll-lillte- 
Ik-  reail 
(l.> 


^  I  he  1. liter  alternaliM  iii.iy  al-o 
as  ;i  <|iii  -.tioM  :  ilo  yoit  aiii.'Miil  :  I 
vf.  •1^  the  w.nvc  vm.'roM^  inli  ri.r. 
ti..ii  it  is  those  who  are  of  no  account  in 
the  church  u  i-  ili<  ■■'  i <  ii;i'!i  '::>  ' 
whom  you  set  on  the  iinl'^e'-.  seat.  M.  n 
\v!io  w.ie  ij.Miii..!  t"  iii.lu:.'  .i'l-.K.  u.nl 
f..r  tin-  ^i  ttleiiu  lil  "I  !ri\i.;l  ,i'i,i;i  - 
lu.itli  ii  i  i'lue-;  I  speak  to  shame  you. 
1  h.  r.  a:.  Iw'  .Iittieii!!ii>  in  tliiN  interpre- 
talioii.  lu  illi.  r  .'I  ulnr'u  i-  m-tirni. 'iiiilal.'.-. 
(I  I  h.iiti^fTt  ina|i|ii . 'I'riaie.  .i^  the  Cliris- 
ti.iii-  iliil  not  app.  .1111  tlie  he.itheii  jinl«e~  : 
liiit  the  wonl  niiyht  well  he  ii'-eil  I.>o-e!y 
—  especially  as  the  feelniR  thn .ilKliont  i-- 
—  for  the  (leliherate  reeoi-nition  of 
the    heathen    judne:    these    are    (..r  are 


tlu'  .!..■■-■. .11 
I  that  ■■  til.  'M- 


jn.l^ 

.  ...',1 


u-t. 


the'-e?)  the  men  yon  .t<-^ 
of  yonr  (lis|>iite»  :  t  ii  >  It  is 

who  .are  of  no  ,i.-i'..niu  in  : 
wonlil  he  an  iinbkely  plir.i-.' 
apply  to  ilie  ..nliii.iry  tiruk 
Honi.  \iii.  I  ) .  lint  ( a  I  It  w 
ino-t  eipially  unlikely,  ..n  the  other  \i.  u. 
t.i  apply  tu  a  Chri-l;,iii  l.n.tli.r  .  .iiul  'hi  it 
is  n.illy  no  in. .re  .  .|i: .  .Uon.ilKe  than  llu- 
epilhet  ■■  uiiri'^litei  in- "  ;n  \.r.  I  S'u  ll 
men  were  .it  im  .iiU'MIU  'u  lli.  .lii'!.!!. 
a-i  the  ineiiili.  i  N  of  t'n-  ■  '  i;'  '  h  w  :e  ■  t  no 
.•i.-.-.ninl    111   till-   w.rl.l    I  .;oi r,,.,  ,1.   i.  .X. 

5,  0.  1 1  l!!<-  ('.iMiilliMii-  t.ik.  li  .  11-  ea-i - 
li,  |.  In  allien  ni.liie-.  wh.  re.  .a-k^  V.v\\ 
-.ilii  i.mI's.  I-  ill.  ir  iuMi  iniieh  vaimtnl 
wi^di  iii  Is  there  such  an  utter  lack  of 
wi-  l  'in  among  you,  not  a  single  wise 
man  who  will  be  able  to  decide  between 
his  brethren  On.  /ii.v  hn<lh,-r:  apiiarenily 
ti<eit  loo-elv).  Instead  of  that,  however, 
brother  g«jes  to  law  with  brother  l  .i.l 
cnoniih  in  itself,  for  it  is  a  contra. Iicti..ii  of 
the  spirit  of  Christian  hr.itlu  rlioo.l.  Iml  in 
finitely  aRvrravatcd  hy  the  fact  that  tluy 
took  their  cases  lie  fore  judges  who  were 


II.  .t  Chri-itian^  -  and  that  before  unbe- 
lievers l\er,  01  /.■/,■.'/;■  ,11  I  -.'lie 
.!l-pntes  ill  .1  ,.///,■)  .'y  ,pii  !  «  ;;'..ii|  liie 
.ippar.ilii-  .'t  0..II1I-,  l>>;!.  .it  ;i'  I.  irln 
Ir.ilioii.  Iiy  appi.iliiiu  1..  I:;.  .ii  '  ..f 
-.line  other  "ui-e"  aii.l  niiii.iiiiil  li'  'lli.i'. 

I  III-  i|;u-!i..ii  lii  uiiii  in  \i  i  5  n),i\  I.e 
t.ik.  n  a-  f.  .iii  Inn.  .1  int. .  \  ■  i"  o  ;  -  >   \    l\    \  . 

In  \iT-i  -  7,  8,  I'a:'!  enl  -  to  lln-  roi>t 
..|  ihe  iiiatti  r  I  'T  I'lin-lian-  to  '.ike 
:'m  ir  .!i-pnli  -  liil'..ie  iiiili.  ie\er-  w.i^  <Ie- 
p'.  rali'e;  Imt  nioie  ,U  p!. .|al.!e  -till  u.i-  it 
l!ial  tluy  -hoiilil  have  ili-pilte-  .if  this  kind 
.11  all  — it  wa-  ii'illiinv:  h--  then  a  moral 
i/i  /.-. 7.  Nay,  at  the  outset,  it  is  nothing 
short  of  a  defect  on  your  part  that  you 
have  lawsuits  with  one  another  ;tt  all 

II  -how-  tint  yon  <|o  not  ele.irly  ttmier- 
-t.ailil  wli.it  i-  iiuolved  in  I'l.  .iim  .■  I., 
fliri-t  ;  uilli  lli.i-e  wIm  ar.'  II  .  i  i".il 
nni-t  he  p.ir.ini' >'!i;i.  aii.l  lli.  i'  '■!■  v. '\'.  n-t 
eiiii-i-l  in  the  a'-::ii.'..ii-  c  <  i  t'     -'.'-u.:-  lh.it 

tlu  v  I  I        hi  ih  t  ,  :  .  ,  why  do  you. 

if  y.ri  .;!,  T  K  II:  .  not  rather  bear  the 
wrong?  why  not  bear  the  robbery?  But 

-..  1,1  ir  .111  ih  it  you  yourselves 
ii'..<<si,  '•■''•.II  ,i:..|  (  h'l-t-  .  n\  n  l''':;'.^li 
\  ;  ;.  '  .•,.].,  are  Kuilty  of  the  wrong 
and  robbery,  yes,  and  towards  brethren 
too. 

g,  to.  \":\  ui-i-  t  .  initiii.in-  i  iii  l.> 
Ii.iM-  |. 'I  '.t.  11  u  ill  re  all  llii-  u  r<  •ii'.^.h  liir.^ 
,  •1,1-       ^  .  .:l    tl'.iv    -.-1  .r.'    ;i    p  : 't '  \  -  -  111 

tin-  e.itnl-.  In:'  -1  w  i  l  -h  ..  i  ■  nf  a 
t'lh-  to  (,.m(".v  kiiii.:.iiiin.  Or  do  you  not 
know  that  wrongdoers  —  the  \er>  wril 

I  a,)i/,oi )  In-  Iki.I  .ippla  .l  in  v>  r  I  to  the 
heathen  jiidKe-:  tli.it  i-  the  le\el  to  wh'.ch 
-iieh  cunilnet  reihie.  -  tlu  iii  shall  not  in- 
herit God's  kingdom?    It  wa^  ea-y  for 

the    C'lrniliii.in-.    in    lli.ir    fTnui.m-.  iiii. 


moral  ritv.  to  foruet  tli.   -|. n 


iti'l-  lit 


the  reliiiion  tlu  y  pmli  -i  .1  h.,:  do  not 
deceive  yourselves;  t.  r  they  e.  ri.nnlv 
shall  not  inherit  the  kmgdom  of  God. 

wh.tlitr  their  w  r.  .nL;i|.  miK  t.ikr  ih.  I  mii 
i.f  iniiii.  T.ility  or  v;ri..|  — for  h  -  .■  .ire 
the  chief  el.:--ts  of  -in-   inveml   hy  the 

following  list— neither  fornicaton  nor 


3  i) 


40 


1  COKINTIIIANS. 


II     An. I 

an-  U.I 
.ire  }■•- 
-U-,  anil 


sii.li  «<ri'  -"iiir  of  v'Mt:  Imt 
-ln'!.  lint  VI-  ;irt'  -iaiK-tirntl,  Imt 
iiIimI  ni  il'ii-  naino  ui  ilu-  l.->ril 

1.V  ili<-  Spirit  of  '"ir 


i.»    Ml  thint;^  arc  lawful  i 
all  tliinu-i  an'  not  -  xpi  'lu  lU  :  : 
.  lawful  f'T  11H'.  lull  I  will  lui 
I  uikUt  till-  power  of  any. 


[cii.  VI 


inr.  Init 
ini:;~  .iro 
|}roiinlit 


idolaters  ti.lolatrv  aiM"o|.rial.  \  n..  nli.m>^l 
at  till-  I'oint.  a-  ilu  cult  ol  Ai.ln .  ..In-  m 
C.niiih  u.,-  M,.,n  a!  i  nor  adu'terers  nor 
those  who  practice  or  lend  tnemselves 
to  unnatural  lust,  nor  thievts.  nor  greedy 
men.  nor  any  ^iven  to  drunkenness,  re- 
viling, or  extortion. 

II.    And  such  Hit  tIu->-c  tliincO,  in 
,.a-l    were  n  i    in.l...!   all.  Imt  some  of 
you-  l!n        ■  -  ••'  ^^-'y  '"  ^''P'-"" 

i;i,ilitv    \Mili  Coriiillnans  r.-- 

I-,],.,  ,!  mto  low.  r  moral  ideals  ami  )h;i>- 
lu<-.  .111.1  aKo  to  illustrate  the  -l.  -r  ■ 
tion  out  of  wliicli  the  po^pel  had  t. 
nu  ii:  but.  as  it  was  the  power  .it  < .' 
tran-fornu'd  them,  w'l.ii.  m  tin- 
a|.ii-iii.  they  h;iil   -ii;inruil   i'  ■' 


li  it 
!.  It 


h.i.l 

<if    liapn-lll.    Iliej     M.i.i   ■  

ceptan.e  of  it:  you  washed  yourselves 

(or  von  lia.l  vntr-.h w,i-b..l  i     tli.-  ret- 
erenee  is  t..  Iiapn-nt  sxn.    iM,  , 

the  aor.  iii.lioatin..;  ili.'  nmnirnt  i  n..t  ><■ 
are  wa-lied."  .a-  \  \'  and  tlie  nii.l.  1.- 
iM.lK-aliiiu  (  ..vunliian   i,-p..n-.-  to  lli.' 

.livme  .Ml!     Yes  !'"!  ■   lapeat..!  with 

tr.  at  .  nipli.i-i-i  you  were  sanctified,  yes. 
you  were  justified.  I  b- w.mls  do  ii..t 
here  mean  "ni,/.-  lu'lv,  an.l  made  right- 
,.,ins"  .-..m.-M.  .111.1  i.it  h.i-i  "1  t.l't  case 
„f  r^.Kaioii  i  n-aue  .m-  .in.nnst  this  — but 
Mini.l>  ■  -.1  apart  atul  in-tilied":  the  same 
•  Ht  1-  .l.-,  iil„.l  from  twn  points  of  view, 
;„  ,„i  ..nUr  111.'  reverse  of  the  tiMial  one. 
riu.e  woi.N  are  appropriately  m  the  pas- 
sive l,..aiise  thev  indicate  the  result  of 
the  .lunie  action  upon  the  Crmthian  lu- 
lu vers  Ml  these  three  acts  —  bapti-ni, 
saiictitication  and  iiiMitu  alMii  -  v\>  r.^  .  t^ 
fected  in  the  name  of  the  n.r  .     •  Lord 

Jesus  Christ  and  in  the  spirit  of  our 
tod.  In  particnl.ir.  li.iptiMii  i-  iii  llie  iiam.> 
of  Jesiis  (the  'I'nnitanan  f.irnmla  i-  in't 
vet  in  u-e.  Mat  xxvin  l.(>.  .in.l  -an.-nli.-.a- 
'tinn  is  the  w.irk  .>f  the  spirit;  hit  tn.Ye 
Kelierallv.  til.-  !a-t  iwo  '-'an- -  ai.-  P.  I'e 
taken  Willi  all  three  v.rhv  he  new  In.' 
depends  twth  npon  Hod  and  Jesus 


li,  alli.-n  i-..Mrt-.  i-  iiit.-rly  iiiuvortliy  of 
111.11  wli.i  li.iM-  Ih  .  n  li.ipli/ed,  jiistitie.!  and 
>.uictili.  .1.  that  liny  imi-'t  have  heeii  iii- 
slanlly  struck  by  its  uic.mgruity.  liul.  ed 
their  coiiiluct  shows  h.'w  p-iorly  they  have 
le;iriie(l  the  lesson  of  II mi  in  wh.ise  name 
tlu  v  have  heeii  haptize.l.  an.l  i-  iiiii.erillinR 
their  chances  .jf  tlu-  km;.;.;. .in  of  lie,-i\.ii 
.\K;iin  we  feel  tlu-  I  r.  ni.  n.l.  .'.i-  iii..r;il  ear 
nestness  which  hreatlus  tlir.ni^jli  tlie  w.ir.N 
of  Paul:  the  heirs  of  th.il  kiiigil. mi  nin-l 
li.-  nun  v.illi  ii..  taint  of  In-l  ..r  vir.e.l  np..n 
t!).  :r  son!- 

I'.inl  Is  li"l  li.-re  pl.-:i<lim:  for  .■.-.-!<--i:i-'.  u  :il 
i-.'itils.  p.  ri\al  the  civil  courts  ot  the 
lu-atlu-n.  \\  li.it  he  .le-uU  r:ites  is  not  ..mre 
in.ulnn.-rv.  or  aii.nli.r  .  .ri;.-iiii/:iti.  .n,  hut 
;ui..tlur  spirit,  ill.-  -pint  .>f  I'r.'thrrhiicss  — 
not  a  C'hrisiiaii  .-onrt.  Imt  the  arhitr:ition 
..t  .-I  wise  (  liri-tKiii  brother.  I'his  is  the 
..Illy  .-o-n-s.-  u-iiliy  ..f  men  who  have  been 
baptised  and  s;uictilieil. 


litv. 
the 

anil 
the 
the 
the 


lleri-  .ii;:iiii.  as 
parly   spirit    ( cli 

e..ntras|  b.  In.  -  n 
Ilu    i;l..n..ns  (111 


in  his  discnssidii  of  the 
in),    r:inl.  hy   a  suiip' 
ill,   un!.-\ely  reality 
.stian    la.-ls.  pi...liici- 


s  .111 

,.ri<-et  111.. re  p..w.rlnl  tb:in  .i  -br.-el  rebuke. 
•|he  nnbr-ilu-rlv  ...n.lnct  .if  the  Cnrtn- 
thiaiis  „,  wr..iu;inu  ..ne  another,  r  .d  in 
carrying    their    paltry    disputes  iH-forc 


The  Limit  of  Liberty  (vi.  u-.'o) 

The  return  to  the  subject  oi  imm..r:i 
which  I'aul  had  already  discii-seil  in 
preceding  chapter,  shows  how-  subtly 
seriously  Paul  c.mceued  the  life  .d 
Corinthian  church  to  he  meiiaee.l  by 
usages  of  ordinary  society  lU-sul.- 
pr.ictieal  temptations  t.>  wbi  b  tlu  in.  in 
hers  .if  tlu  church  were  eontinn.iIK  .-x 
l„,s,-,t  tlu-'-  w.-re  sii!ii,i-t  to  tlu-  almost 
iii..ii- "  d:im.er..iis  t.  nipl:iti.  .ii  of  iiistit>iiii; 
i!u-..i-,tu-:illv  a  l-.o-e  .-ittitii.le  L'  m..r.tlity. 
111.1  ,-v,-ii  .."f  resting;  llu-ir  jii-titieiti.m  upon 
u.ii.ls  of  the  ap.islle's  .iwu.  1  his  js  tlu- 
siiiiatioii  which  he  meets  in  the  ensuiiig 
p.ii.iur:ipli  _ 

12.  All  things  are  in  my  power  I  hcsc 
are  wor.ls  pr..li.ibly  h.,rrow.-d  hy  the  d- 
rinlhi.ins  ir..m  I'anl  hiiiis.lf.  :ind  were 
pr..b:iblv  ..ii.n  on  tluir  lips,  ef  x. 
namly'  IVml  .li.l  not  literally  mean  that 
.venthm-.:  w:is  lawful;  such  a  union  as 
,t  \,r  I'i.  tor  exatnp'  was  not  only 
ll  ,  ,!ei;r.ul:iti.iii.  but  the  destruction  of  the 
h,  lieveVs  relation  to  Christ.    But  all  tlunKS 


tl 


■ui!  are 


mnrallv  indifTcrcn?  ar.'  as  lawful 
til  him  as  t.i  iinyliody:  still  he  will  not 
make  indiscriminate  use  of  this  wide  lih- 
erly:  of  the  thinits  which  are  l.ivv  fill  he 
will  ailopt  only  sneli  ..s  an-  )ir. .tit.ibte,  to 
himself  or  to  others.    Hure  is  a  play  on 


<'ii.  VI] 

..;  M..r- 
i>.r  iiu.it- 


I  (•OKINTIIJANS. 


41 


I 

i;it  I. 


llu-  I.. 


shall 


am!  lluni  N'^ 
call  11.  1  111  I' 
liir  tlu'  1.im1\. 

14  \l!.l  (.. 
1.1  ■111.  .1111 

|lii\\  IT 


.111(1  I 

U-siriij 

.\\    ill!'   Im..!>    is   11. ■!  I'T 

r  the  Ltirtl;  aiul  the 


l.,  Ih  ' 

lOlll  It 

t. 'nil  -  ; 
Lor.l 


li.ith  k)tli  rai-ic<l  up  tlti- 
will  al-i)  rai>c  up  n>  l>y 


13  KiH'U  >k'  ii"t  'li.it  \oiir  limlii-i  an* 
tlir  nu  iiilit  1)1  I  hr>t  :  -liall  I  thi'tl  take 
tlic  uuiuliris  111  (  liri-t.  .111(1  lu.iki'  llii'iH  till' 
lUtUilnTs  (if  a  harldt  •    'imi  tmliid 

1(1  Wliat!  kuiiw  yv  ii'it  that  In-  \\liuh 
is  incii  to  a  ii.irlut  i-  (Mh-  tunlj  !'  U<r 
two,  >aitli  ho.  shall  In-  oiu-  lUsh 


tlic  wiird-  t^tcTif  and  iiui<ria.yiiri.r,<uai  \\\ 
thiii'.js  .iir   in  I     triK.  but  they 

are  not  all  protitable.  All  things  are  in 
my  power  true,  but  I,  for  my  part 
will  not  let  myself  be  brought  under 
the  power  of  anything,  lie  nii\>t  not 
.>ii!\  Ik  til  l  ,  ho  iiiiist  ri  iii.iiu  fri'f :  ho  is 
iii.t  ir(0  t'l  liirfoit  Ills  Ircodiim.  lie  must 
1)0  tho  ma.stor  of  all  iliiiigs,  ho  must  not 
allow  any  of  them  to  hocome  h!  niaslor; 
ho  is  not  free,  for  example,  to  join  hinisilf 
to  a  harlot,  or  to  any  other  person  or  in- 
tliionee  that  estranvios  him  from  Christ. 
Thorc  his  freedom  i.iuls. 

13.  Some  of  tho  llreoks.  however,  ap- 
pear to  have  arRued  that  one  aptntito  is 
as  muoh  ontitlod  to  s,itisla,ti(>n  .is  an- 
olhor.  The  hodily  apiniitc  Iris  Us  fir.at- 
fication  in  -oniothmi;  initsidc  i.f  it;  1  .ii  li  is 
made  for.  .nid  adaiitcd  1...  llu-  ..tin  t  I  ..r 
ON  ample,  meats  for  the  belly  and  the 
belly  for  meats;  that 
satisiactiiin.  .iiid  litids 
fiiod  l!y  easy  ali.il"i;y 
;irjj;iu'd  ;  the  h'  'dy  fi  >f  t 
iiii'atiiin  fur  tho  hody 
th.it  app(tito  .dsn,  like 
satistiod  in  that  way; 
errors  in  this 
l-'irstly,  there  is 

moats'  and  tho  stomach  on  the  one  hand, 
and  tho  liody  on  the  other;  the  fnrnicr 
lu'lonKod  to  the  evanescent  order  —  God 
shall  bring  to  nought  both  it  and  them, 

for  thi'  fijshion  of  this  world  passtth 
ati-ay  (vii.  .V):  tho  body,  on  tho  dtlur 
hand,  hoIouRs  to  the  eternal  order  it 
shall  1)0  r.iisod  up  (vor.  14.  of  w  >.  But 
sd.mdiy.  the  body  is  NOT  for  fornica- 
tion, but  for  the  Lord:  and  the  Lord 
for  the  body.  Tin-  hody  is  an  inslninicnt 
f.ir  tile  s,.r\Hc  of  tho  l.'ird:  in  .and  thmnuh 
!!u-  hiMl\  wo  o.arry  out  His  wdl  up'in  th.- 
earth.  And  the  Lord  i-  for  tho  hody;  as 
llo  noods  It,  s,i  It  needs  lliin  "  W'tliout 
llini  tile  hody  oaniint  develop  into  all  it 
is  intended  to  ho"  Hetwi  en  tho  two  there 
j,  ,1  iiiuiu.i!  .!( |.(  i;d.  rH-(- ;  ;iiid  the  '-i-.'y 
armiinetit.  Icjitiiiiiite  to  a  ("liristi;in.  that 
cm  he  dr.iwn  frMiii  the  wonderful  ad.ipta- 
tiiin  of  app(  tites  |o  thi  ir  moans  of  gratiti- 
catiun.  Is  lh.it  Ins  hody  is  for  the  use  of 


appotilo   (h  niaiids 
it    Umlini.ately  m 
It   imnlit  then  he 
iriii(';itioii,  :\iid  fm- 
—  fur   \\h\  sli,,uld 
the  other,  nut  he 
There    were  two 
roasoiiinn,    armies  I'aul. 
no  real  analogy  between 


the  I  ''il.  .111.1  '/((•  l.iird  for  tho  redemption 
(.1  !i:s  !•■'.! y. 

14.  1  lie  oorrespondeiiee  hotwoot) 
and  11.  i.ieh  lio«nniiii)4  with  •>  «'»  ''«(«.  i> 
very  strikinvr,  and  forms  p.irt  of  tho  ar- 
Kitiiiont.  </.'(/  will  dt-slr.iy  it  and  llu  m 
hilt  IIS.  that  is,  our  body,  lie  will  raise 
HI),  hooaiise  llo  raised  up  the  Lord.  Tho 
arKiiine'it  would  have  ho.  n  el.  ;irer.  as 
l.iet/iiiann  says,  if  I'aiil  li.ul  winiiii  "our 
hiid;(s"  i  isUMil  of  "us."  The  doiihle  *a* 
is  iiiten.Ied  M  oonnect  very  closely  us  .iinl 
//iiii.   |o  lis   ill    Ills   e\peri(I10o  of 

n  s'li  r(  1 1  .  11  But  God  both  raised  up 
the  Lord  and  lie  will  raise  us  up  also 
thrcugh  His  power  i.  r  lie  is  omnip- 
otent.    The  l)ii.l\   is  di  tmuuisliod  hero,  as 


I'sualK  111 


r.iul,  fi..in  ih.-  ill- 


h,  ;in(l  there 
I.. re  from  the  ao(Xiii   i1h1!\i;  tlesh  e:iiiii.it 
inherit  the  kiim.l.im  of  (iod.  hut  the  hmly 
i-  r.aised.  s)Mrif:a!  .-in.!  >;l..ri..iis  (eh    xv  >. 

So  f'.r  tw.i  re. Is. Ill,,  the  t".  .rinihiaii  aii- 
.doviy  f.dls  1.1  tile  >rr. 11111.1.  the  li...Iy  is  n.  .t 
for  f.irnieation.  hut  f  ^r  the  lurd;  and  it 
will  not  ho  rodiioed  to  notliiiik,'.  but  raised 
and  "conformed  to  the  body  of  His 
Klory."    (Fliil.  iii.  ii). 

15.  Do  you  not  know  —  you  ought  to 
know  —  that  your  bodies  are  members  of 
Christ,  identified  with  Him  as  el(i>e,,-  as 
the  hand  is  identified  with  the  Imdy.  Shall 
I  then  —  .1  (|ii.  ti'  ii  ill  the  nido  striking, 
that  ho  puts  It  in  t'  .   t'lrsf  person  inste.id 


nil  111 


of  m  tlio  s.i.ind     take  away  ih' 

hers  of  my  Imdy,  wlii.  h,  ;i  ■  I   .1111  '  '  i-t's. 

are  also  the  members  of  Christ,  and 
make  them  a  harlot's  members?    I  !i. 

very  snnpo-ition  is  t'"i  aw  fill  lo  cmt.  :;- 
Iil.iio.    God  forbid:  these  wrds  mve  I'l. 
flavor  of       •yiioiTo  here  ("h!  it  not  hap- 
pon">.    Christ    .iiid    the    h.irli.t    .ire  hero 
(■nil. 'lived    .1-    the    riv;il    ehiiiii  ml     "i  the 
hnin.iil    s.inl     .\    niiil    e:itui"t    at    t':.  s;iiiie 
time  heloiiL:  to  I.. .ill     If  his  niomher-  ho 
^wiu  I',  the  h.ii'.it.  they  must  be  taken 
( (ipat  1    ffcim   t  ill  1st. 
16.   Or  do  you  not  know     .he  fa.-t  is 

;;:.::ll  el;--:!;;;i  reUie: !•'■•  ■■-  hi-  I'o^A-' 

-that  he  that  cleaves  to  a  harlot  (ro, 

ill,-  parlieiilar  untiian  with  whuin  ho  is 
sinning)  is  one  body?  — not  two:  tho  .trt 
constitutes  a  real  identity  of  the  man  with 


f; 


H 


•! 


42 


1  C'UHINTIIIANS. 


[Oh.  VI 


„  ,l,a,      io,n.d  «.no  ,hc  Lord  |  is  tl,c  .^jjjW  of        Holy^Gho^^  ./.W.^/. 

'\'s"  H!''"t..rnicati.m.    Kvory   .in   that   a  i  n-t  your  .mn  - 

In-,  own  Ix'ily.  ,  i 

1,,    What!  kn..\\  vc  not  that  your  hcxly  |   


I'l  ii'i' ; 
U,  ami 


III,  i..ii!inr.    For  in  (l.  nr-i-  ii.  .'4.  Scrip- 
1  .1-  God:  ni   u.ihiv    Ailanii  says, 
tiie  two  siiall  become  one  flesh.    I  lie 

,,r.'^i!ial  n  i,  I.1U-.   i,  I"  in.irnaK.- ;  I'lit  the 
M-l   tli.it   oivatts  the  j.l.  nlit>    I-   ■'  ' 
N.iw    thi  T.-         an  r<  ,,1      iii.  n  - 

/voWuiMf"'.  ill!'  ^anie  •  ' 

tuicn  thi-  hi  hi  viT  anil  ih''  I.  i  !.  '  J  J- 
n  sri>ilu,tl  om  — But  he  that  cleaveth  to 
the  Lord  is  one  ;ir-,:::"  ' ;'t 

ira.ls  !is  t..  ixlMVl   '   ./v.  !.  :l    I'-n!  ~n,.n- 
tntfs  — spirit      I  h,    t  !..i-ii..n    i~  ni.'v.pu 
hi  anoilH-i    u..'M  .iliM-rihn    than  tli:it 
til,-  iK-h  wall  11^  -  •■iii'l 

l8.  I'.ml  ii-w  iMlli.  i~  i;p  tiu-  armniu  iit 
hi  a  hri.-f.  nn|M--;-iu.l  u.  '  nir.  thr  ni--  ■ 
IKT.  nii.t.Tv  that  ih,  rr  i-  n.  ■  .niuvtmu  pa, 
li,!,  flee  fornication:  .1-  not  ti-ln.  l''>t 
,1,.,.  \  i\  ..\>r  till-  -in  ■  ni  nlr.al. 
1„  w.;.  M   1-  t!..'  n:.-l   .l.a-l!.v  ..t 

I  I    f  a  every  act  of  sin  that  a  man  may 
iommit  is  outside  the  body,  but  the  for- 
nicator sins  against  his  own  body.    I  In-* 
!ia,  ~i<nu(|  t"  -■nu  the  lan«ii;vnt'  ot  cvii;- 
i:,i..n'ai:    I'.'r        .lrnnlMiiiics>,  cM-n  plnt- 
t,.in.  not  al-.  a  -in  auain-t  a  man's  own 
1„  ,K  -    I  nilMnhti  ilh  ;  hut  not  in  itn'  -  n'l'' 
awl  ii  -viivo.    To  a|M>rcoiati-  tho  tnir  h.i- 
ii,.\i-ni--  of   iniinorahty.  a-    I'ai'l    niul,  r- 
M,.,i<i   it.  we  nm-t  n  ni.  iuh>T  tlu'  tnnlia' 
contract  in  v.T-cs  lO,  i;.     Ih<-  c--cn.>  "t 
U   i-  a   <lrt"nnt.-   an.l   d.lihiral.-   nn.on.  by 
iiuan-  of  111'-  hodv.  with  thr  T"<f"V.  uh..  i- 
tlu-  ri\al   aiM   .  n.  niy  of  ClinM;   tli.  rn- 
tii.Tal  man.  lia~.  h\  tlii-  nm..M,  a:;,  iiai.  .1  In- 
rlhi.-al  and  rrlp.;ion^  prr—na^  u       a'a  iiat.al 
i|  liy  mcan^  of  thr  hody  whuli  \va-  i^n.n 
'-in    1"    I  \l'ri --    that    pi  1 -"ii:!!!!)  >h<.' 
■J,   su-.-  ..I  i!..    l..--d:   l-r  thr  '"'./v  :s  h-r 
//,,.   /  ...-,/     Kr'ain.  Iv  ^pi  akui^.        n.  mi.  Ii 
M,,.    a-    drnnU.Mnu—   ar.-    fNlfinal.  wInU' 
I'r.  Mil  i'.  a\<  -  t"  Ih.    r...  !-         Ill''  '  tln'-:il 
l„  nit!,   a  i.;    I-   a    f.  arl  'l    .::■  !    r:alu  :il   ''  'n- 
,,  ,11  ,1  ilu   i.lra        l  lin-ti.ni  pcr-on- 

'"  iQ.  rill'  I'-dv  aviain-t  \\hich  tho  im- 
,,  ,a  ,1  in, .11  -in-,  i';  In-  "W"  :  therein  lies 
tl„  lollv  oi  1m,  Mil  lint  II  i>.  It'll  111-' 
,.un.  it'  i-  th>-  I'lrdX  and  it  is  God  - : 
,1„  r,  in  li,  ,  tin-  Ii.'rr,  r  of  it.  Of  do  you 
not  know,  :i  Christian  oni-ht  to  know, 
that  your  body  is  the  temple  of  the 
Holy  Spirit  in  you?   Paul  has  already 


made  tf^e  of  this  thi'UKlii.  .nn!  u'n.ii  a 
O'lk-clive  turn  to  it:  "  \c -\\u  rliii.li  as 
a  whi.U'— are  ih'-  It  inple  "I  (■'•'1.  •""1  ^"W 
spirit  "f  <  l"d  dwih-  ni  yu      .i-  ,i  ''vti^l'' 

11,1.     litre  tlu   applaatii.n  i-  pn  ,"nal 
;md  iii'liudnal.     1  la-  -p'-i"      ^^l''"  ^ 

ami    uli.ct    a    Kimi  '  i""" 

r,,  ,1  HimimIi    It  i-  tlie  -pii'i  which  ye 
have  from  God:  ,in,l  la.u  -liall  tin-  h"ly 
a.ii  M  ilu.  :i  ni  an  unli,,L\.  '!■  -<aT.iU-'l  n,.dy? 
'  20.    Besides,  you  are  not  your  own  at 
'!.     I'aul   lia'l    iiiM    ,p,,'K(n  of  the  mans 
l„,i!y  ,1-  In,  own;  ni  tlu'  ilecpc-t  souse,  this 
;      ii,,t  !■  a.    \i<n  do  not  luloiiH  I"  your- 
i  ,rUr-;  p.r  you  were  bought     hoiiKht  hy 
I  1,0.1— and  vni  therefore  l.tloni!  t,,  llitn 
1  uli,.  h'liiylit  von:  the  price  was  p,ii,l  trt  the 
!au    ("i.il    iii'.  I'""!'-:'"  with  «  P""] 

iijo  -iinp'<-  word  is  in,, re  ilTective  flian  if 
tlu-  apostli-  hail  said,  "with  a  vreat  price, 
ill, 'Itch  tiiis  is  till-  nte.inini::  f'-r  ilu-  /-lu-r 
(rinij)   is  the  />r.Yl<'i(i-   ( ri^iioi- 1    l.!'...,|  ot 
C  hrist  {  I   I'et.  I.  I<) :  ef,  l-".ph    i    7  ' 

Tlu-  nei;ati\e  warniim  of  v>  r  iS  i,  n,>\v 
i..II,,wed  hv  a  positive  appeal  n-i  ""'V 
t!,e  fornication,  hm  -  -'i-  \,.uv  lio.Ja  ,  ..re 
i,  ,t  vonr  own.  I'lii  •  .o'l  -  glorify  God 
then.'  not  '-nlv  in  \.,tir  -pint,  hnl  ,il,o  m 
your  body,  'e-peci.,lly  h>  ch.-i,inv  Hie 
l„„iv  wlMi-li  i-  llie  1  or.!'-,  mn-t  1m-_  -o 
,,...1  ^-  !,,  ntril.ute  i"  the  i;lory  of  <_iO<l. 
I  111  u..r,l,  Mi  T"'  T''«'fO'-'  'V"''.  t""'"* 
t'.iTt  TO.  (teoi  I  ". 111,1  in  your  spirit,  wliich 
,ire  Cio'i's  "  I  are  :i  ulo-s. 


I'liT,   arRiinunts   acaiii-t   the  unmoral 
u  ,  ii->  :ipparentl\  clainie.i  h>  so.nie  of  the 
Cirinthi.ms  are  hrief  hut  very  Irenchint. 
t  he  ftiiidament.ll  p.ission  of  the  Christi.m 
,h,.nld  he   for  his   laT'l  :   .and  every  pas- 
si, .11  inconsistent  witli  th.it  sli,,iild  he  "  llei  . 
r,i  indulge  in  immorality  is  t..  ii^n.ire  i  u- 
fact  that  the  hndy  is  for  the  I  .t.I  Hi- 
instpnii.-nt   .and   -.  rvant  :   it   h   L'   al.  ntily 
,  ii,-'>  „lt   with  a  prineipl.-  aiul    i  iier,on 
alien  to  Christ  :  it  is  to  sin  ev,-n  ■|..;;niis> 
,1;^.  hndv  it--.-l!.  hy  n.sine  !t  to   w-,la!,-  tlie 
Chri-li.in    pir,.'n.ili!\    u    w.i-    iiM.n.U'l  l'> 
,.^,,r,,-    ,1  1,  p.  ..nir.me  tlu    n^lit-  .-t  the 
Cod  wlio  hoiight  us  hy  the  pre  -i,,u-  hlood 
of  His  Son. 


Ch.  VII] 


I  COKIXTHIAXS. 


43 


t    Now  i-onciTnin« 

yv  \\V'-lr  \u'.h>  nil-  li  ' 
not  to  I'>ni.'li  :i  wiiiiiaii, 

2    Ni  \  i  i  iIh  K --.  ' 
fviry  mail   Ii.im-   I'l  ' 
i-vrrv  woiuaii  liaM-  lur 


ciiArri-R  7. 

till-  tiling*  wluri"f 
jA  l;im>(1  I'lir  a  mall 


.1 

.hu; 
will' 


l.it  llu  liii-l>aiiil  niuliT  mitu  iIh- 
li.'iu Mill  nil- .    .111(1    liki'wix'  a!M) 

iiiit.)  till-  Ini^liaiul. 

I  Ik-  u  111  h.iili  ii"t  p""'  1;  'I  '■'  '■ 
.  !ait    tlir  liM-li.in.l 


'A  11 
■  W  II 


'inR'alii  111, 
a;1'  ,  ami 
Im-lialnl. 


l.t 
l.t 


llu'  liii-liaii'l  lia'li 
ImmIv,  lull  tlic  wife, 


n..i  ii"\M.r  <>t  li 


U  Itf 

ihc 

.  U  'I 
uU  II 


The  .Uairuiii,'  QuiStion  Cvii.  i-4"K 

At  tlii<  IM'int  i'aiil  lH■^itl-  t"  '1>  '1  M""' 
ically  witli  (iitotimis  rai-i<l  t>y  tin-  l  .mii 
tllian  litter  to  vvliicli  "Uii  1-  a  n  ply 
(cf.  vt-r.  25;  viii  11;  and  lli<-  ).n  .ut  ai-- 
i.-ii>!ii.>n  lit"  iiiarriayi'  ain'ri'imat.  i>  i..il  'U  - 
tho  iltM-ll'.>ii>ii  of  -I'Mial  iii"i:il-.l>  "i!a 
whii-li  llu-  pri-vi.iii-.  rli.i|ilci-  lu'l  c..r,.  l-.l. 
Much  inin~tuT  lia~  l»>n  d-nr  t-  I'.t:1  I'v 
forK.  tlin-  thai  ll.i-  rliai.ti  r  luH  ua>  iiol  , 
n.trn.K.I    to  an    ^  xiiaii-:iNr^  tr.a'ni-  ill 

(if   llu-   Miarriaur   i|iii-tion.    It    i>  a   rijily  j 
to  certain  i|'u-li..n-   rai-r.l  hy  tlir  Coriii-  j 
tliijii-;    tin-    uli.'lr    ili-cr.-M'ii    lia-    to  lie 
rca.l  ill  tlK-  li'^lit  of  llu'  oiriuiil;  rlail-.c  — 
\',.;,'   ,  ,'iu  t'<  iiiiii:    liir   ilnii^s    ..  liri  rnf  yr 
(\cr.    M.    No   1I..11I.1    tliw  i.-liai)tiT 
woiiM  1)1  nnuli  il.anr,  it  Wf  lia.l  tin-  U't- 
U  v  to  wliuli  I'aiil  i-  riiil.\iii«.    It  can  oiiiy 
1k'  1,.-, .11-iriKtrii  liy  coiiuctiirc.  anil  with 
rcRanl  to  its  contents  and  spirit  there  is 
room     for    wide    ditTerencc    of  o|iiiiioii. 
Tciniitatidns   to   immorality   alH'iin.Iv  il  m 
Corinth:    the    Cliri-iiaii    con-«u:m  ua- 
practically  exercised  li\   tin-  iir..;.ani  li-u 
they  were  hest  to  he  nu-       >  'liir  ^cll^'al- 
hold   that    the    Coriiitlu.ii,     had  iii..i".->d 
Cehliacy   as  a  soliitioii ;  otiier^,  that    lli<  ir 
.liiii,.n  lay  in  universal  iiiarriaije.  ll''V\- 
i\ir   that   may  he.  the   iiuoiiipleleiu ->  ot 
the  di-Cll---ioii'is  cNlilained  li>  the  fai  l  tliat 
it  is  a  reply  t"  'I'l.  -tiMi;-  lai-.d  m  a  1«  1 
tei- :    and    tin-    defm-c    -1    iiiai  ria'je    a~  a 
safe  unard  auaiii-t    miin'.ral:l>    i\'r.  ^-'i 
a  defiii-e  s,.  niiali  Imuci"  tliaii  «<  -;h"iM 
l,a\i-    <  \p>itid    lr"in    I'anl      1-    i  xi'lained 
hv  tlie   lact   that   lu    i>   u  ritiiit;  t.'  the  in- 
hahitaiit-    Ml    a    11.  >toi  i.  ;i - 1  s    iiiiiiioral  city, 
i'anl'-   "wii   Miu    -t    niaiiM-:>    ua-  inncll 
more   .  vall.,1   tliaii   \\r  -liMiild  he  mchlied 
tn  ualh.f   n-in  till-  ,ha|iler.  ami  ric.i\e- 
jiv        !(-t  1  \pre>-i.in  111  I'.plie^ians.  ch.  v. 

It  In-  liirtlur  to  he  renirmhered  that 
when  Paul  wrote,  he  was  looking:  for  tin 
S|,ecdv  coniiiiK  of  riiri-t.  The  lime  wa- 
shortined  ( v.  r  .vM;  the  fashion  of  tlii- 
wtirld  uas  p.i--niK  away  ( ver.  ,V  )  :  an  ! 
marriage  meant  m  w  care-,  di-tractn >n-  and 
entanslemento.  The  more  fr,-i-  fr»m  c.irr 
(ver.  a  man  w.is.  the  more  free  was 
lie  for  the  service  of  hi-  Lord.    Thus  tiie 


di-cii--ion  1-  .-I-  reiiii'le  .1-  il  ...iild  h.  Ironi 
an  ah-lr.iil  tri.itiiunt  "i  tin'  i|!u-tioii;  it 
1-  -.a^Tii.d  llU' 'null.  .Ill  h\  '....,!  .md  t.ni- 
|i..r,il  CMii-id.  r.,f  ■!;-.  and  .  :n  ■  iiK  he 
pn.pi-rly  iiiider-t  1  111  the  h^;llt  ol  them. 


Miiiriii^,'  or  Ci'lil-^icy     t\ii-  1-7*- 

I,  2.  Now  I  the  pa- a  -  to  a  new  -nh- 
,1  ..r  pli.i-r  "i  :1h  -  ih  rct  1  concerninR 
the  things  you  wrote  me  about,  1  have 
I.,  -ay  that  it  is  good  for  a  man  not  to 
touch  a  woman,  that  i-.  to  h  ad  .1  cehhatc 
life,  lie  -ay-  it  i-  U  'od  (kaXofl,  he  does 
nut  111  re  -ay  that  it  1-  l"-t.  ifr  even  ih.it 
is  ln-llrr  th.in  -onullnim  e!-r  ihm  -ei-  \er 

.',Sl  :  hilt  simply  that  it  i-  i;  1.  ■ 

appariiitly  a-  .ii;aiii-t  -"iiie  "in-  wli.i  liul 
ihoii>iht  or  -.lid  ili.ii  it  w.i-  not  jjooil,  hnl 
ha.l.  nn-.vnily.  I'ml  -  i  ..1  avjninu  ai;am-t 
niarriaue  :  he  is  -imply  .h  n  :  .hni;  ci  hhacy 
atiain-t  ■!-  dftr.-icl.ir-     'u".n.-r,c,  -   •  ,;  /,  1,  i- 

p.  lUT.ili  e-    the    -tatrm.  nt,    a-  the 

i, .!!,  ,«  :•!-    \ .  :  w  -      Still.  '.^  1  .1-  c. 

Pl.acv  i-.  il  i-  t  a'!\--.i'ih-  in  -n.h  a 
pl.i.e  a-  ('inni'i  i';.  1  .  on  account  of 
the  m  t.'n  -n-  immoralities  ;  '  '  Itt  each 
111. in  have  his  own  wife,  and  let  each 
\s.piiiaii  have  her  proper  husband  iver. 
_•  I  It  11"!  -imply  that  cull  ;ian  han'. 
|,Mt  ill  h  an  iinmor.il  ann"-pl a  1.  .  he 
h>  li.i\e  a  C'lii-'irt.  'I'liere  i-  a  rt  al. 
Iiiit  ii"t  a  -iiioii-  dilf< mice  hi-twiell 
.iiid  /•i'<rrr  -the  liii.haiid  i-  the  heail  of 
the  Wil'i-:  hnt  the  whole  .li-cii--ion  -In.ws 
that  contrary  to  Jewi-h  and  (ireek  c  |.iiiioii, 
there  is  to  he  in  t/liri-tiaiiity  an  _e--.  ii'i.d 
eipi.-ility  hetweeti  hii-haiid  and  wir  I  hi- 
n  latnely  low  in-titie.ilioii  "I  ni.i  •  ■  i  ■  .  \- 
pl.ained  hy  the  -nnaii.ai  ,it  i'^'U..  h  uliMc. 
with  the'pre\  ih  nl  wn^hip  -I  X].!;:  -  "It.  , 
temptations  waiM  \„    r,mi-n,ir\  a''-n.!.:til 

3,    4.    To   the   wife  !!•  •!    <r  1 

(,f  \,r  I  'l  let  the  husband  pay  the 
debt  "f  e.  i  J  il  '  '\.  and  in  like  manner 
also  the  wife  to  the  husband.    I  h.  n  a  l 

.....  i  ni'ii t\oun-vi  n'l  ijiai  I  .11  V.  hi  11  \  \. 
I  ,/((,•  hriir:  ,  I   i-  I  1-.       1-    1  e'"--  ';n 

A'mXvi'.  whieli  im  an-  .1  drht  (  M.il  x^iii. 
.IJi  here  the  e..ii|im.il  d-hi  .Married 
people  are  not  to  live  like  celibate-:  each 


44 


1  COKINTHIANS. 


[Ch.  vn 


5  Di  fr.iud  vo  not  <»ne  tlii"  ntlur.  t-xci-pt 
it  br  with  consent  for  a  time,  that  yi-  way 
Kivo  y..nrscl\es  to  fa^tuiK  and  prayer;  and 
come  together  aRain,  that  Satan  tempt 
j-ou  not  for  yo««r  nicotitinency. 


6  lint  1  S'lak  tins  h\  pirnii-M«>n,  iitit/ 
not  of  coniniaiiclini  111 

7  I'lir  I  uuulil  ill. It  nun  wiri  rwu 
a-  1  mysill  lini  iMr>  ni.in  liatli  bi-> 
proper  Rift  <'l  <io'l.  ••m<-  altir  tin-  in.inntr, 
and  another  after  ihai 


„\\,-  ilu-  otlirr  a  cl.t.t  winch  has  to  bo 
,,  11  1  I  r  the  wife  has  no  authority  over 
her  own  body,  but  the  husband  — it  is 

lur  ..\Mi.  yet  not  her  own;  and  in  hke 
manner  also  the  husband  has  no  author- 
ity over  his  own  body,  but  the  wife 

it  is  his  own,  yet  not  his  ..wii.  Here 
again,  as  in  ver.  the  h;dan.-.  ■  i  ( lati-es. 
and   the   use   of  sliow    li"v\^  lOin- 

pletely  tlie     xi  s  are  conct  iM  <l  liy  I '.ml  as 
on  an  ei|nalil.\ 

5.  Do  not  rob  one  another,  ilun.  "t 
tin-  1UI.1  uliuli  ..iiulil  1"  !»'  I'.n'l  I" 
hold  11  Is  l><uul.  Iln!  wIii'k'  Ilu  I'.'initln.iiis 
nnist  franklv.  and  smiIi-ui  ;iii. mi.lin.u  an 
iniwise  ;isci  lu'isiii.  ;u-kn.  .u  Inlm  I'n  Liei-, 
thev  nilisl  nnl  l-rct  ilu  uu,,l.  -l  t.ut 
all  r<li«i"n.  aiul  111  tlun  iii.iriKd  lile 
i-:..ii  mn-l  Ik-  m.i.lc  h'V  n.  lli"n:.4h 
I'a  ;,  -I-    ill''    |ir..\i-H)ii    ill    ;i  very 

,,,',„!,, I  ,"1  1.1-ln.. II  ~- unless  it 

should  be  perhaps  by  mutual  consent 
and  temporarily:  llie  .ihstnuiue  h:is  to  he 
..nlv  /  ■  .1  .v.  j,v..ii.  to  It  both  Iff''')  partus 
;,u'  I"  li>  .ii;ned.  and  the  object  of  it  is, 
that  ye  may  be  free  for  the  exercise  t>f 
special  prayer  {wpoatixv  li;is  the  iirlicle.  as 
has  the  cnrrespoiuliilK  plnr.  wi-rd  in  .\cts 
ii  4.M.  t  he  aorist  ^<rx<'^»'">" »  mi^:w>  ~1s 
siK-cial  occasions;  the  relations  Mi-pnuKd 
liv  these  seasons  ol  pray,  r  have  t"  1» 
risnme.l  — and  that  ye  may  be  together 
again.  A  sonuuli.at  hind  tit;lil  i-  ci-t 
upon  the  i  \>  u  ibilily  of  the  I  ■ -i  iiitl.i.m 
teiiiper:inieiit  \<\  ilu-  re.i-nti  a-i'jin.l  Imt 
this  vp.cial  .i.hKi;  It  1^  that  Satan  may 
not  tempt  you  by  reason  of  your  incon- 
tinence. The  stan.liiii;  iiatiir.'  <'t  tlie 
t.'inpialu.n  i-  suu^.MmI  h\  tli.-  piesviit 
(  irdfiai?)  1.     /  1-  .1  l.il' r  .i->"'  li''  mler- 

p..l,iu..n.  .  xacih  .is  in  M.irk  i\  -•'). 

6,  7.  I'aul  I-  will  aware  llial  .ill  men 
1m\',  iMt  ihr  s|,!rii.ii.!  -lit  rrstr.unt  wliuli 
lu  lii:n-c'it  fiii..\s--  lu>  wislu-  they  had; 
and  111-  a.lvue  1-  v;iven  ;is  a  concession  P. 
tin-  wrakiK-s  liiiinaii  nature,  especially 
,,|  (ir.-.k  natiiie  exposed  to  Corinthian 
t;  111!  ■a'.i  1!-  And  this  — apparently  »■">- 
lirii'iiii;  .ill  tlie  instructions  ni  vv.  J-5.  re- 
LMr.liiii;  ilu  pra.iical  necessity  of  niarri.i«e 
-  I  say  by  way  of  concession,  not  by 
way  of  commandment.  The  nuanmn  is 
not  that  r.-iul  Rave  these  instructions  l.y 
permission  of,  though  not  at  the  command- 


ment of.  the  Lord:  Imt  that  his  own  words 
are  to  be  niid.  r-l.«Ml  ;is  a  conces-iiin.  iml 
as  an  iiiiiiiutiMii  M  ilu-  L'l irintlii.iiis  Sinli 
concessions  would  not  In  luce-ary.  il  nun 
were  not  incontmenl,  (ct  i^pauu".  5;  »"» 
TOf  iropi'fias.  J  I,  Il  tin  A  had  I'.nil  s  purity 
and  silt  onitiol  I  wish  that  all  men 
were  hV;e  ME.  Hie  nu  anini;  ■  .ly  aNo 
Ik':  ■•  Irlilia.y  Is  a  Kood  lliiiiu.  llioiu;ll. 
.■oii-kUmiiu  iIh-  siin.itioii.  it  is  wvll  l-t  yon 
inarrv,  Imt  1  wi-li  lliat  a'l  nun  u.  u 
,  ,7(/',i/,'  'like  iiivs.  li  "    iliil  l.esides  pi  rli.i|i- 

I,  . 1. linn  to,,  driinile  a  nuMiiink'  into  words 
whuli  ;in-  \;iKiie.  tins  interpret.itu«n  does 

II.  ,t  i,.niuct  so  well  as  the  other  with  tlie 
i,,llowiiiv;  verse:  but  each  man  has  his 
i,wn  peculiar  endowment  of  grace  from 
God  — one  in  this  fashion,  another  in 

!  that  I'aiil  e.-ui  hardly  mean  tli.n  lie  li  i- 
ilhe  endowment  of  celibacy,  and  ;iii,,llier 
iiii:in  of  marri.vj.  11,  ill-,  r  of  these  -t.iles 
le,.nld  propi  rU  1,.  d.  -cnl..  ,!  as  a  x^P'^Ma - 
but  rather  th.it  he  has  the  Rift  of  cntineiice 
1  111  this  regard,  while  other  men  have  other 

'  KlftS.  , 
l';iiirs  powi  r  of  liiapplint;  m  a  pr;K;tii'al 
w;i\   with  a  dilVunill  silnatioii  i-  lure  timly 
illn-liand      lh.,ni;li    .111    i.le;,li-t.    In-  l>>t 
i  .ne    altt.ivs    ..11  /i"""''      I  1^'  knows 

MiiiiiKiii  raliire  tl!r,,ii-li  aiul  throimh  ;  .uul 
1„  wriUs  wiih  a  cmphl.'  iiiuierstaiuhnit 
,,|  the  a\eiau.  man  i  le  makes  no  nil- 
p..--ilile  or  iiiiii.inir.il  deiiiatuls.  He  does 
n,,t  expert  hi-  rea.lev-  t.i  cmform  llieir 
live-  t,.  hi-,  for  the  ijU'l-  of  men  differ; 
l,;il  he  expiet-  tllein  to  shape  those  lives 
with  ;ill  the  l.icts  in  view  -  the  f.ict  of 
we.ikiiis-  and  teniiitalion  on  the  one  hand 
]  (\er.  2),  and  of  religion  and  its  obliga- 
i  ti,pns  on  the  other  (ver.  5). 


Marriage  and  Setaration  (vii.  R-i7^- 
In  cases  where  both  of  the  married 
people  were  Christians,  and  still  m -re 
where  one  w;is  a  Christian,  while  the 
other  remained  p.K.m,  there  w, ,111,1  -oiiu- 
tiiiies  ari-e  a  desire  lor  sep.,r.iti,^,ii ;  ^tlie 
pn'hieii's  '.iiiis  eiiurginK  -.i:--  ■::--!•  re,,  m 
liii-  p.irayr.iph  Hut  before  dealini;  aitli 
them  tlu  ai„,-lK  hrietly  .hreet-  .at!<-nti,,n 
(.>  till  c:;-e  ol  lli,i-e  wh,,  have  no  ;,.ii-tiier, 
wlutlier  hcean-e  tin  \  h.ive  never  heen 
married,  or  because  the  partner  is  de.id. 


Ch.  VII] 


I  CORINTHIANS. 


45 


8  1  -ay  lluTiforo  to  the  mimarriitl  aii'l 
widow-,  it  is  goml  for  them  if  they  abide 
tviti  a-  I 

0  Hut  it'  tln'y  cannut  cxiitam.  U't  tni-iti 
marry    fur  it  is  better  ti>  marry  tjian  to 

bum. 

10  And  unto  the  married  1  command. 
yft  not  I.  but  the  Lord.  Lei  m-t  tin-  wife 
depart  from  hrr  husbatu! : 

11  lint  and  if  ^!ie  depart,  let  her  re 


niam  miiiiarruil.  or  Ih"  reconciled  to  ht'r 
busliaiul ;  and  let  not  the  busliand  put  away 
his  wife. 

12  Httt  to  the  re-t  -peak  1.  in't  tlu- 
Lord:  If  any  lirotlier  iiatli  .i  «iie  tli.ii 
lielievetb  niit.'aiid  'he  be  !>'r.i-i  l  t  .  dw.ll 
with  liiiii.  let  him  n<>t  put  h.  i  ,iu  ,i> 

l\    Ami  the  wntii.in  wliuli  1;  ili  a  Im- 
liaiid  til  l!  1m  luwlli  ii.'l.  and  it  In  '  i  pli.i-r.l 
t(i  dwell  Willi  her,  let  her  in^l   Uave  Inin 


8.  But  I  say  to  the  unmarried  and  the 
■widows:  it  is  seemly  (laXoc,  same  word 
as  in  MT   I  I  for  them  if  they  remain  as 

I.  1  lii>  may  \k-  fairly  taken  to  imply  that 
Pan!  wa-  eiilu  r  a  bachelor  or  a  widower: 
there  is  im  pri'"!.  and  no  probability  that 
the  yokcfi  lliw  in  I'hil.  iv.  3  was  his  wife 
As  the  ca-.  of  widows  is  dealt  with  later 
(ver.  .?<»i.  It  is  possible  to  adopt  the  suK- 
gestion  that  an  (.riiiinal  roit  xnP'"  i:>.'iJ- 
owcrs)  has  been  .altered  to  the  iifre  fa- 
miliar ii'ii/otii.  In  that  ca-e.  the  tw^  ma  — 
cnlinc  words  ("unmarried"  an-l  '  wid- 
owers"  I  nii«ht  be  taken  to  e^ver  the 
ft  niiniiu- —  the  general  nie;inmi,'  he  "th.'-e 
of  either  >e\  wh"  have  (now)  no  part- 
ner"; hut  auain-t  ihat  i-  the  laet  that  the 
c;i-e  of  "  ni.iidens  "  .  I'lne-  in  l.  ir  -(  p  irate 
di-eu--ion  ( vv.  -■JlY,  i.  Hie  te>t  i-  proh- 
alilv  iiirreet  a-  it  -lands. 

9.  It.  nke  Tanl.  the  umuarruil  i-ail  he 
cninunt,  mXoi'.  it  1-  wM:  but.  if  they 
have  no  power  over  themselves,  let  them 
marry:  n"t  heeau-r  "f  iu.>  e\ils  the  le-s 
slicnM  he  ,-h.'-i;i.  |..r  I'anl  .hu-s  not  -ay 
.Tiid  d<Hs  II. .t  m.  an  that  marriage  is  evil; 
hill  1m-.i!'-e  ni.n  iiai^e  is  nior.d.  while  desire 
of  thi-  kind  is  at  once  daiiKernus  ami 
sinful  For  it  is  better  to  marry  i  ncc 
for  all  (aorisi)  than  to  be  continually 
consumed  ipres.  tense)  by  the  flames  of 
passion  ( ver.  <)K 

10.  II.  Me  now  deals  with  the  ea-e  of 
married  Christians.  Now  to  those  who 
iiave.  or  (almost  as  we  should  s,i\  )  are 
married:  .1-  vv.  i-'lT.  com.  niplaii  -  the 
ea-e  of  mixed  marri.iirr-.  he  i-  !h;nkin'.^ 
lu  re  of  ('liri-tKin  eouph  - ;  I  give  thi- 
charge.    I'oi  what  lie  is  ah'mt  lo  ~.iy,  he 

h, -is  the  cliieet  authority  of  tlie  hi-lorieal 
lesiis   him-elf    (.Mat.   v.  M'.rk    .x.  Ii. 

i.  uke  x\i.  iS>  •  av.d  <o.  it  re.-dly  not  1. 
but  the  Lord,  irives  ili's  rh.iri;!'. 
namely,  that  wife  do  not  separate  herself 
from  husband.    ■!'!;•  wife 

tioned  tir-t.  heeau-e  -he  wonM  prohaMy 
hf  the  more  melimd  to  .idopi  .111  a-eetie 
c.iur-e  But  if.  I'or  ,.ny  rr.ison,  whether 
in  till  iiuen-t-  of  .1  iin-taki-n  a-eeticisin. 
or  for  some  le-s  adeipiate  rea-oil,  she  do 


lAai,  .-letn.illy  t  Separate,  let  her,  at  any 

r;iie,  on  no  aecotmt  marry  auain.  but  re- 
main unmarried  or  be  reconciled  to  her 
husband,  .\fter  this  pareiilhe-i-<  eon- 
templatmn  the  ea-e  of  -ep.ir.ition,  the  ,iihis- 
tle  yoe-  on,  and  husband  il  charge)  not 
to  dismiss  wife.  AecorditiK  to  Mat.  v. 
,iJ.  Ji  -ns  had  prohibited  dismis-.d  "  save 
lor  the  cati-i  of  fornuMlioii  "  It  i-  \ery 
possible,    houiver.    ih.i;    111    the  oui-inal 


form  of  the  woril-.  thi-  e\ei  nlion  was 
not  111  i.le  <  ci.  Mark  \  1  i .  1  .nke  \\  1  iS  1, 
,ini|  till!  nii-ht  a.r..iml  i'>r  the  ah-.lme 
form  of  r.iil'-  "ehafje"  lure;  Irl  it  1- 
niove  iifluhK  th.il  I'aiil  1-  eoii^hleriut; 
-rp.iratioii-  uhhh  h.ue  a  less  serious 
i;ro  iiiil  tliaii  that  !■!  .I'liiU'-ry, 

12.     lie    ii'W    pa--r~    to    till'  ::'!^ 
—  .if   iriM  i|   mani.iu'e.    But   to  the 
rest  -:':i>-<    lO'i].!.-   i.iu    ..f   wh.im  was 
(  liri-ti  iii    au.l    the    oile  r    (mi;, in  —  I  say 
.!.-    not    use    the    -IroiiKer  word 
li.ii.:,-,  a-  in  ver.   to:  he  has  im  definite 
wonl  of  Jesus  to  ro  on).   I,  not  the  Lord. 
Je-us    li.id    no   oeea-ion    to   eon-ider  the 
■  |Ue-ti.in     of     niiveil     inarriaiie- :  eonsc- 
ipieiitly    there    is    no    anilioritati\e  word 
from  Him  on  ihi-  -nhi.ei.  as  there  was 
oil  the  other,  mt    io    Hence  it   is  not 
he.  br.t   r.iul  tli.it  -p.  .ik-  .  hut  it  iim-t  n.'l 
I  he    forKolten   that    l'..  i!    i-    a    "  M'lfitu.il 
j  v  III."    who.   as   -ueli.    "Ir-t-    y.\  t!i:ii"-" 
!  11.  i;).    He  is  still.  111  th.it  -en-e.  iii-;ei.  i| 
'  When,  il,  thi-  p.a--.iue,  h.r  il.iim-  ihit  llir 
I.  'Ill  -pe.ik-.  he   .l.K  ~   not    in.  .ill   t'' it  hi- 
Inm-ilf  h.i-  hi  I'll  the  ri'Cii.i.'lit  of  a  -i..  '-!a! 
r.'\ el.ali.  .11.  l.iit  tli.it  hi    r. -I-  hi-  -I.iti-iiu-nt- 
up.  .11   -..nil    -p.  kill   U..1.1  ..f  Ji-ii-:  wlun 
he  -ptak-.  .I'lcl  not  ihi    I.,  .rd,  there  i-  no 
-neli  rei-or.h.l  \\oriI  of  Ji-n-;  lieverllleh  -s 
In-  stall  iiu  nl,  have  all  the  weight  of  his 
iii-liirei|  pi  T-.  ii,;hl>. 

12,  13.  \\  '  hi-  -.i>s  i..  tin-:  If  any 
rhri-tiaii  brother  has  a  wife  that  does 
not  believe  —  mtirri-''!  to  hitn.  in  ;ill  prob- 
.ihihty,  before  he  heeaiti"'  a  Christi.in  (  I'aul 
is  <ippo-td  to  mixed  marriaKes,  j  Cor.  vi. 
14  f)— and  this  woman  jointly  (<»>'>') 
consents  to  live  with  him,  let  him  not 
diamiti    her.    There    would    be  every 


4r» 


1  COUlXTinAXS. 


[Cii.  vir 


tilU-.l  h\  llu'  wilV.  Mu\  llu'  •lilt..  :.,  v  iny  «  n>-l 
is  v:m.-iili..l  l>v   t!u-   hu.-l.:m.l     '1-  "'re 
y,nr  .-liiMriii- iMu-l.-.iii;  but  •i"'  '!'•> 

'"'i"V  }h\t  if  111"'  tiiil.i  li.  vnii:  .U  i'iirt.  1' i  j 
li,n;  <1.-i.art.    A  l.mtlur  ..i  ..  si^t.r  is  m't  i 


tiiiclir 


)».ii.l;ii;i.   Ill   ^iich   caSiS;   bill  God 
,,11,  ,1  ii>  l.«  iiiai-f. 
K,    1-i.r   wliat  knowi'st  tlioti.  <' 
wlulli  r  tlinii  -Juih  savo  thy  lni-'...ii.l  "f 
hi>\\  kiiim.st  tlioii.  O  man,  wlictUcr  llwu 
-halt  >av<.  Ihy  wife? 


t»-nnit:iti"ili   I"   K*'    1"!    "'  ■"' 
jciniu  r.  ..11   ill.    I'l.  .1  ll'-.'  1"- 
litV  wa>  iiiip.— iM.-  m  n"""  " 
.litT.nil       r,..l!.M'i\  ..11  III.  • 
l.iit  iM'ii  "1 

llu-  iii.iiii        '"'ii'l  I-  ''■  '"■  ■ 


mil..      ^  •■ 
1    1  i  i  r  1  ■ ' ' 
. ii  ..I  I 
|..  -t  lliiiiU 


.liMwn  fr 

lalill-Ul. 


.Ill 


tliis 


>  ;-.r.'   Ill I'lTi  iii'.'  .'-ill  1"' 
i,.,--.ii;t-  r..^..r.iiii,i:  ml. ml  .  .,  

15.     111.-   i.iiiuil'l.    Ii:i.>   I'l'll   laul  <1"«" 
that   I. in-  Clin-tiaii  partiuT  inii't  iL't  <li- 
i1k.  ..iIht;  Ir.il   uIm!  if  till'  ..ill" 


It. 


niii-i  11 


.1  !..■ 


In  -I   -1,  1,  i..u,ir.!-  -  l.-ii.i' 

i.ik.ii  i  \  i:-.  *  i'-'"';' '     ' "'  " 

•„•,■  :••  .  .!••  1  •  atid  •  "•  ^ 
woman  who  has  a  husband  that  is  an 
unbeliever,  and  this  man  jointly  con- 
sents to  Hve  with  her,  let  her  not  dismiss 
,111   1-   l!u-  \v..nl  ciii- 

,ll-llll".ll  "if  till  1)1.111 

l:ul    lli.it    It  ii'^'d 
1    Nt  \t       I. I i .. 
■1-   lui.i-k-.-   ..I  • 
iliit.  lv.  Ill  ill.'  "11 


Sll  IIIIU 

jfi-t  t.. 
..jn  tk''li. 
l.arliur 
arate. 


.  ly  1. 


u! 


,1  1.. 


her  husband. 

111.  11-.  .1   !■  'I' 

l,\  ill,  man  ; 
,."i;'...'lv    ..1  I. 

tin.-  .1  -'"'1  ' 
vli, ,\\ s  h.iw  .■ill- 


llK 


WlTl-  nil.  Ill 


With  tlie 

iii-..'~, 
I '.nil. 

I.  .  I- 


t;,,.-  —  a 
1  .if  tin-  il.iii; 
a   in  nii-tii.il   .11.1".  'i-'  •  '  . 

Ill  thai  v-.iM  .  if  the  unbelieving 
is  for  separation,  let  him  sep- 
i'.iiuliii!;  a-  l>  111.'  l  .u     1  m  irria'j... 

lit  ill.  iii.ir.T: 
the     (  iiri-Iiaii 


i>  ill. 

i  tluTo  lun-t  b.'  11"  '''  y 
in    such  circumstances 


in  SUCH  >.ii>.ui.ioi»... — 
brother  or  sister  is  not  under  bondage, 
besides,  it  is  in  ilio  s'li>  >■>'■  .itm.'-i'li.  ■'>' 
Iff)  01  peace  that  God  has  called  you 

It  ...   1  1 .. .  .  r  ~      111      \ti'  '. 


tlu-  ■ 

14.  y\u-  .liv'.ra-  ..t  tlK-  Iu':!lli"i  !■  irin,  i 
is  u,n  tn  be  tlu.iiKhi  .if:  for  the  unbe- 
lieving husband  has  been  sanctihed  in 
lii,  i,i,,..n  with  the  i  linMiii-i  wile,  and  the 
unbelieving  wife  has  been  sanct.hed  in 
),..,.  ,,,,,..11  \Mili  the  t  liii-tian  brother. 
•111,.  Clin-li.Mi  iianmr  is  11.  .t  ,1,  ^  .rat. ..  Ii> 
ll„>  11111..11.  ii~  li.v  th.  auinl  '.m  ..n  "I  1.^. 
\^;am  i.i.l-   ill.'  '..ilii'''''  I'l'^'l"!"" 

|„  1..,,:,  ,l,ri-.-.  th.  i-tni.li.itK 

w.iv.l  1-  n-, '■.>.''•.•".  im.l  111''  I'l''.'  '"'•'"'"■" 
ll„„i«l,  tin-  i.ai  tiur  1..  .  \u-  cr  sIk- .  has  a 
.-.Mam  -tallili.i-^  d.l  I  .It  /!.■/.'"<-«.  *'f 
,  „,,.,     It  i>  11.  t   implu'd  llnri'. '»va- 

;,„,  .11,1   IhiiuH'-:  ili^'i 

„  ,1  .  ,11.!..!  Ik-  o.iif<'rr..l  by  ai.  ..iit- 
x,a',,i  imi.  i!  I'-i'.t  th.-  h.-lm.'-  .it.ll'e  oiu- 
1,,1-iiur  1-  l.v  111.'  iiitima.-y  ..i  tln'tr  "">"■'■ 
;i',,,,wi.  al...ru  tlR.  ..llur.  aii.l  ili<-ir  mar- 
r,  1-  111  -111"-  i^i-"-^"-  I'l""!"".'"  m.ii'r'.';''': 
for.  vvi-ro  this  11.11  then  it  t'  IJ^v"-  'l  -' 
your  children  are  unclean,  while  as  a 
matter  of  fact       >  they  are  holy.    I  lu 

aieniiu-iil    Ma,.^    l.'..m    ra-    I.ut  ulr.-^n 

o„lv  ,.m-  ..t  111.-  .li:ir.;nls  i~  a  ^  li'  ;-'.';''' V 
,1,."  ,.1-Mu-ii.l.-  ..I   laimlv  -.li.l.iv-y  .1..1MI1.! 

w,th    ..11.'    t  liriMMii    iMi.  iit    .....lut-li.  s  111,, 
chil.lu.n,  s„  llu-  l...n.l  NMili  ■■'K'  ' 
partiHT  siiu-tilKs  the  ..tlur  iiartiur.  N.. 


( <  .r   us  I . 

Iii.-ti'.ii  will 
J. .11  111.  r.  .a.!.! 

atin..M-l''  r^'  ■ 
1.1".  1  ;  tli'  V.  I 
it,-ii..v.~  '■• 
111,.    will  li. 
1" 


ill,  ,,11111 

iiu-\  it.iiiK' 
-  u  '1  .li~l 
.  air  ili\  in.- 

It   llu-  lu- 


II. lii.ir-  I., 
with  a  licathi-n 

III.  t!u-  (irai'ifiil 
allll',^  1  ^«'»^^')^••', 

itluii   partniT  is 


,t  limi 
.iiitriliutioii 


-  hi-  lU'itart- 
tii  Clirisiian 


M..,-!i  .I..11I1I  h.inu-  over  tin-  im'auiiti;  <>t 
X,,    16:  l  urallv,  for  what  do  you  know, 
woman,    1-  t,."  whether  you  shall  save 
yonr  husband?  or  what  do  you  know, 
man.  as  to  whether  you  shall  save  yoiir 
wife'     I'lii-    -..m-    I"    .''.mi'.'t  ii..t'1'ai.y 
with'tlu.  la-t  \,i--.  :  a-  ';...l.l.:i;  ^'■'--■'■1  >''" 
in  pia.-.-,  aii.l  tli.it  pia.-.-   \v  ill   L.  •'••^ 
imi.enlU-.l  hilt  distnrlH-.l  hy  a  I1,  ..tli.  m  I'.Mt- 
',„.,•.  wliv   ii.it   .•..iis.iii    t..   Ill-  .ui.utiirc 
uli\  I1..I.!  liiiii  -  .11  111.-  \^i'>  pr.. 1.1. -mail.-  li..l>o 
,,f  '..iliiiiiaU-ly   saviui:  liim  ' 
i,-,-li..n-  I"  llii-  vi.u  ar.-  t\\. 
riiillnaii-    ii.-.-il.il  i-.--lr:mit- 
i  ill, ,11  111.1-1.  -  llu  111-  t...  l.u-iU- 
,  1;  I  tt  w  .  .'-M  1'.  m.  '1''  Ilk"'  ,' 
lit  tlif  h"lH-  ..1  tlu-  ..ili.-n'- 
\,iM..ii      111  a.-.-.ir.larai-  v\ilh 


 hilt  i.li- 

I  1  I  iIk-  I'.i- 
irniii.  latlHT 
(li\..rci-:  and 
,:il  t.)  iinlulue 
ultiiuatc  01 '11- 
ihisvr  tiliii'C- 


11 


at.  111.-  \(-rM-  iiiiKht  c.m-.ivahly  hv 
1  ,.,  ,r  ■•  1  l..\v  il.i  v.iu  know  wluthiT  y.ni  \m11 
„.  t  -avi-  him'"'— in  imitation  of  the  He- 
1,1.  w  .,.ii-:riuti<in  of  M'/m  i-ii.T.'-v  r- /..•»•- 
;;,;f.-.  St:",  ih..'  other  VI.  ..v  -a.-!!!-  ni.>re 
in  line  with  the  iinmediate  c..iiieNt:  hfe 
with  a  pi-r>^..ii  who  hate.l  Christiaiitiy. 
Nvoitld  be  slavery,  and  that  niiKt  11.  it  he 
(ver  i!;t:  lln'  limther  or  si«ter  is  not 
b.,„iid  in  such  a  case  —  let  the  heathen  part- 
tier  KO. 


I  COlMNTIIIAXS. 


47 


(11.  Vll] 

III, ,11.  <lu-  t..Til  li.i'Ii  .Mih.l  .  w  r>  nil.  . 
Ml  M  Inm  Aii'l        .■r.l.nn  I   in  .lU 

cliiirrlh  . 

iM  I-.  .-iiix  lii.m  r.illccl  li.  iiiLj  riri-  inii-i'i'l  ' 
K't  liim  in'f  Iiiooim-  inu-iri-miici-i'l.    I>  any 


i.ilUil   111    ;'iu-m";itiu  i^ii  n  '   lit  liiin 
(■irouiiii  1-.  .1 

I'l  {   t.  vin  i-i.in    i>    II.  ■thilii;.    :i!iil  iiiK-ir- 
(■iilih  i-  i  .1.        ii.  'l  i';!;.  Vnt    till'   ki  riiini; 
llu-      •iiiiii  iiiillih  ir  -  .1  <  1.  itl 

.•(V     1  ,■•  111,, I!    .ll'l.l      ill    llii'  ».itlU' 

r.ill'ii  ;   u    Tc  III  '  I-   \\  1^  i  .i'l  ■! 


17.  il  i.i-y  1  '  -ii-.  Imwi  X'  r.  Ii"\\  llii- 
Ci'lii'i--lo|l  111  I'.i:.!'-  liir^li'  .il'M^iil;  >'i, 
t.i  ,  uiuiii  r.ii-t  till'  lai-iin..  "I  I'  lr  iti.in 
\\lii,-li  liw  wiirds  in'ulit  Ii.iM  Ih'Ii  intvr-  I 
pn  t(  ■!  .i~  1  111  ■ 'iir.i'-:iii^.  Ill  ...jN  ihi  I  'lr-  1 
rri-Ii..Il  tli,:l,  I'll  tlu  u;  .  .  "1  I  I-  I"  r-ii- 
tlPMr  111  't  li'    III   ulili'l   'illi'  '■^■1^  imIIiiI: 

only  in  eacli  case  as  the  Lord  lili:it  i~. 
I  lin  t  '  apportioned  to  him  111  ilu-  i«  i-t 
(;i..r,  I.  in  each  case  as  God  has  called 
him  I  !>!  ■  liii'  >  11  ■  •  "I  il:'  '■•I'l  ii'^' 
ui'^  1  so  let  him  walk.  I  !;,  im'-t  iinlml 
1„-  ii'i  !■  !.•  ;m  lullrMl.l-  I  ii'ii-.  ].tiiiii 

i.f  iii.irn.iui' :  -nii.  in  t  ^  iim!  1.  1  ■  .<',ihis 
,;„,,  at  i!u'  i-ail  -iii.n'i!  In  r.irin-  liiaiil- 
i.iiii,  ,1  I'.n.l's  in^triK'H' 1  I'll  ilu-  ninttcr 
III  till'  ( ■..nnthiriiis  ditTiT  in  im  ri--]ui-| 
iriiiii  hi>  ui'-triictKiii-.  \i>  i!k-  nliur  liuirciio^; 
and  so  do  I  ordain  in  ali  the  churches. 

\Vntl  till'  .■--nr. 111.  r  tli.it  till  V   .iri-  n.  •!  h-. 
iiii;  tr.'.itiil  t'M-i  ptii  111. illy    He  I .rmtlii.-m- 
will  ilii  u.  II  til  Miliiinl  l>>  llii-  <  \i.if--i..n  ..i 
r.uil's  Miio-tolic  antliority. 

I  ill-  iia~-:iir<.'  :i  ,.iin  illii^tiMli  -  I'-ml'- 
pr.a-iu.il  pnwir  of  di'iliim  unh  .-oiui'ir 
m;i:.;II"|i-.  IK-  lia->  :in  i  \fri  iliiiui>  ln-ii 
Ciiiu  r|iti..n  i>t  till'  III. i;  1  1,1-^'  i.li.u.il!'  1;  .1 
(lii;-li.iii  i>  iii't  fiinilnl  l-i  li.i.a  i  1!  n: 
a  iicailuii  i>.irt!HT  wli"  i-  uii  niu  i-  in. 1111- 
taiii  liii  imi.iii.  (In  tin-  ..tluT  lianl,  il  llu' 
Iiai  liur  n.-tn-><-  tn  iiiriim.iiil  it,  llh  ia'  inn-t 
in-  iiii  i,-inTi-ii'!i  :  1(1  liini  go.  Cliri^ti.iii-  arc 
iiiil  slaves. 

7V.T   i/,-,ni-i'.'y    t\j//,''t,s'  ■'rthly 
.S  M,';,i)i  (  \  11.  |S  J.)  p. 


;i  -V'Ii'miI        til.  T  ■■  I  \    !!■  '1!  tl  .    1'  ily 

,  II  ,r.t  ■'  1  I  .\l.ur  1  I  ~  1  (  .  .11..,  11. 
..t\  -  I  V.ni.  ■,<  r        ■      .  .1!.       I  ii  .1  II  u  ni,i> 


Tlio  i.i-t  vciititu-i'  nf  I';.'  l.i-f  p.ir.i'jr.iiih. 
li'aiN  liy  an  i-a-y   11  1;  -'i  ■■  n        'Ii.    n-  \!  : 
.•mil    till'    priiK-ii'ii-    il    .  n  'lii-;,'!' .!    ■  !    (••  n 
tin'niii.!.  In  liu-  in  nn.  in  iIu'  --i.iii    111  uiui:; 
I. II,    W.I     iMi   I,  i-,  i\ni.:   tlif  iliiiiu-  I'.i'l.  1- 

iiiii  ir," ■  MI  ■•   ■  n.  .••111!  -'.i\  I  1  >■. 

18-20.  Was  one  in  a  condition  of  cir- 
cumcision at  his  call?  I  'l:  \vi-  ■  im,1,  ,1  t 
a<  a  oin-'!!!i.-!-.  •!  n-  •  I"  ■  r  w  ' 
w.t^  he  .1  \'  \\  Let  him  not.  h\  ,,m  .  1  i 
atimi.  have  the  marks  of  his  circumcision  ' 
destroyed.  I'm-  Ii;i,1  ,-!n:!''\  l-- n  .I.-nr 
by  certain  Jews  in  .\l.n.cali,iaii  iiitu^.  | 


  1  l.i-.    my    cnc  been 

called    in    unciriuiiKisum?     Ili,  i, 

fViii  1,--    ri.i-"n   till    initi   to  I'lmii;,.'  lii^ 
..'I  !•  1    '111'  nil;,  I.     I  111-  Ji  .-.   U"  :i'l 
I.    -t  'ill-  I,.  .11  I  Mill  i-.i'ini:.  a^  :!  « .  1 .  .  .-i 
.     •   ■    ,11      -n    1'      I  1,  'I'  ll-  v\.-rl,l  '1        !■•  ■11 
r, \i  rtinu:  I"  -n--ii  .t  »i:;il -.  r.  n  . -i'-.,  lilK  let 

him  not  be  circumcised.    1'        1.:  i  - 

..rc  ni'  .  .nlw  .11-1.  .ind  n  I  .i:-  -'t  .i  -i  .n  - 
I  -  ii!i  il  -I  ,1.  Circumcisioti  is  nothing 
and  uncircumcision  is  nothing     a  ni  -n- 

.-,  II  ,  !            ,  I,,  I  1  nil-     -1  i'  •  M-  11'      !  i'.llt 

-■  , ,,  I-  ■  .  •    ,    ,:    !'■'!•     :n-  -i.---!iK-i  - 1-  -il 

I-  ,  i m'  111  but  the  kcepint;  of  the  com- 
mandments of  God     ill  11   I-  -  •  '  i!  n 

ill,!  . .!  .   ■  ■  >'';■-'  •.    1 1-  ••   V  m-L-'n  l>-    .  -p- 

])..-, I'i, :  r.i  '  ' -        ..  '■ '  ■  ■     \-  • 

i-\ti-ri:  .■••'>!   u '  ■  '•   I'l-   1  '...!- 

U  ;|.         .1  :-.    .1.  Ill     al     .     .,     .-.  --- 

III.  I"  ■  « 1  n.  \^  n.  I.?  1,  I  !  .i-h  I'l-;  1- 
•  tliin  of    ..'III  r    I'  t!)    ••-  '■•  !)  •  II-  I    ••  !i» 

liiai  ■  ■    !ii ,     r.  ..'  .'-niL;    i  • 

ir.ni.l  l.\         •        ■  -.'!  \\      n  Ih- 

-HliiLii  l>  •  ■     '  •  .  I     -I  .r-  ■!  --11 

i-irrivri--  ■  -.  .1'.  '  •  !  - 

!         -,,  •(!.  ill,    ■•.      .      -       <«.;!.  xt.  15 » 
Ti.i.    ..11    1'..-    ..t'.'i  r.    xv  1'     ■  :. 
,' ':y,'ii  I:    :  .  ,■    1  t  ■.; :     x ,    11.     Il    1-    i >  .x' 
.  .  .ni!!i.;i!ilit-,-!ii  ^  x\.-  .11-,    III         txi-.  ii'it  ail 

;  ,  Nt,  Mi.i'  ■■■I  -.    I  --  '!  --11  ••-  '-V  luiiii-.nt 

jl,,li|~    (iwi\oi       "1  u'T,--i-,    ._';i.i.     I  lii-ri-f. 'Tf, 

'  ;i,    i:-,  .,•    I  V  t.-l  11  ,!    ll-  III.  -     .  I  I 

■  pu-iu-i  ,  in  every  case,  in  -xvhatcxcr  laU- 
ins  a  man  was  called,  in  that  let  him 
remain,    h   i-   i'i,.l.,i''x   ■■;!'••  fil'ini;  I. 


I'll 


;!.,•  .-il'. 

lii   n    ■  I-     -     .'i  " 

\ ,  :  ]'  Vt;'"'  II  ,!  ,     It  p 

'1    [    1  *  ■  ■    1 .:    ,    '  ^     ,  ^  ' 

i'.l    I  ,1-    I'l  ,'l    ■  '  ' 


.  ■:.,   -^.!,     ,    M    •.         .    .     l!„-     I,    ,1     I  ■      -■  -  ■ 

II   t   il;,'  c.i  -CI    ,1-.!  n-  nn.irv       -    1       W  ■  ■  1 
, , ;  ;.  I  a       III  ri  ,  n  ,  -inu  1  -    .n  ,  ,1 

'III,  :r,-iii::,-:  i.'ii.  Iii-i  .!..in  "t-  "-Iimix.  in  t'i  it 
il,  i\a«  t..  al'iiji-  til'-  .iiiiiinnt-  p'  1.  ! ,,ilx- 
,,,  -  ,>]!,.'  1'-  t  '-i-  i-.-irtl.'y  >!.iii,-n  xxa-  n.it 
I     I.       '    -  ;  -     1    iiiuhr   ilk-   iiiilntiuo  of 

tin-    illXIIK-  l-,lil. 


is  } 


48 


I  I'ORIXTHIAXa 


[I'u.  Vli 


;i  «cr\.int? 

-t  111  ni.iilc 


•  1     \rt    ill' 111  calUil  /'rii'« 
,  .,M  II.  .1  f'T  it :  liul  It  '"■'> 
fr...  ii-o  il  ratliir.  , 

J.'    For  11.-  tint  1'  ' 

Dm  a  siTvant,  is  tlu- 


Lord's  fri-fH!:iii 


liktwiM-  al>o  he  that  i»  called,  bfins  free, 
is  Cliri-t's  MTV. lilt 

jt    N<-  ;irr  1h>h^;Iii  witll  a  prici.'; 

\i'   llu-   ~i  1  \  .iiil-  .■I    llll  tl. 
J.J    lin  iliriii.  1<  t  i  \<  r\ 

1 


calUd,  thfrnii  al'i.l 


Ih.'  not 


Ml. Ill,  wlii  Tiiii  he 

.nil 


11 


1  rr  ilti 

l  liMI".  I 


,iilit..|l>    -1.1\'-  ill 
.111(1     lll<>  Wii-.llil 

,i,,„inu  .i|...~irMplu-  .1-.  a 
Were  you  a  slave  when 


21.     I  In  r<  v\ 

,    (  ..riiiilxaii 
1.1    ll  .  I 

II.  l-  M.li   .ll'l'l  .ll.      »»•.••■   J~-  .., 

you  were  called?    Never  mind.  S 

'  1„,     V,  U      Ml.l.l.lllv     .•..llli-..lll..l     VV'lll  'I'-' 

,uw  iinp..rMiu'  a-iniud  to  them  by  Cliri- 
,,.„,iu,  u.. 1,1,1  ll.'  iKCiilKirty  timiito'l  t..  •.■ 
,,l,„.  lli.ii  l..t.  and  r.uil-  -l.-.i-Iyiiiy  "••'-1 
;x,,ul.l  1..-  ii.-.-.-.iry :  .l->  n"t  l.  l  n  <>■""; 
sl.-.v.nl   1..    a  .■.ll.-  t..  y.-n.  ii.:v-r  imn.K 
rnturtniul.ly.  H'.'  "<n'  "  -"^'l'""-' 

.-.rc  i...>-il.l.  :  But  if  thou  ART  able  to 
become  free,  use  u  rather.    I  -.  uli.n. 

oii|>..r!iiintv    I'iT  lu-..!.'iii 
tMiiiaiio.-   Ill   -l.u.rx^     111.    •'ll-;-'-  "'l; 

t.ik.n;  I.  It  1.1  >  -h'l'  I'.'f 
l»rotiu   ir...  tli.il  1-.  '^'1'  >{  >■'■'• 

,i    ;]!.,,(>.   .•.iiiiiuu-    I'.iiliiT  111 
,,  |h.   i.i  iiu         Iliat  .Mi-h  tiiaii 
HI   llu'  -i.iU'  ill  winch  In' 

iiii  "tiMt  if  iii'iii  <:""' 

11  till, II         a  .■liaiii-c  "f  fn-, 
'  u-i'  tin-  cliaiu-f  tli.iii  .•.■iitiiiiii' 
On    tin-  wli'.li' 

tin-  O'llii  Nt  -  -  ll'"""'' 
•  II,  \i  r  iiiiii'l  "  ■  ami  >1">  - 


ill  anjir.nu  .lUiini't 
in   lu'  ill,  .111-      >  '11 

,  tV.  .  .1   111. Ill  "1" 

|,iir.  :  I.i    '1  \ 


Paul  h.i'l  .ilri'.itly  it-^.d 
iiiitiii-raliiy  i  m  :  h 
.lU  C'liri^t  ".  uli'  tli,  r  .. 

Ili>  slavi'.  t.ic.iii-.    il.   ii  .-  i;   „  „ 

il„r.f,Ti.  do  not  become  slaves  of  men. 

Ilio  iiarlii-ul.ir  point  "I  tlii^  \Mriiiiiu.  il  it 
,nn.  i>  i'"i  .1'  "  ■  11  .i|.i..nvi.lly  :i 
v;,iumI  ,,inli...i  iii-t  ,ii-!.i\in«  I'lli-s  m;" 
,,,  ,,  n  u  1.  l.l,  1-.  iii-iii'iti  '11^  1  -iicli  ^i"  ■ 
,■,1111,1-1. .Ill    ..1    t"  any   kin.l   ni  inlliu'lu-c 

tii.n  .iit,ii,     \Miii  111.-  ■' iv'-'i'iiii^  "< 

,,,„„ii.,ii.lni,iiu  ..f  (ind"  tv.r.  |.>i.  and 
uiili  ili.ii  l..\..ltv  uln.h  i«  du.'  W  Uirist 
„!,.,  l...m;lit  11-  .It  >«•  trr.'at  a  i.n,.  I  .■ 
Mini  nil  In  each  case,  in  whatever  sta  e 
a  man  waa  called,  brethren  -  a  Um.lK 
i,,ii.h  — in  that  let  him  remam  — with 
God.    As  is  s,,  ,.fl.-n  the  .-a-.-  \mIIi   >  .i"'- 


t. 


,\  i-lian,, 
-l.i\  ,  r\ 


111' 


II'-. ■. 
.!ilu  r 


Ih  -,111!. 

il.'iii.  r 
111  -l.i\,i>. 
nil ii ,■   ii.itnr.tl  ill 
..ui.nv;  att,  r 


,  i> 


11 


ni.-t 
,-,niI,l 
aiiSi 
in  a 
-li.iit. 
cinnin 


i,r  li'.il, 
man.  like 

..  u  I- 


i.,,Mi,  ,'  1..  tlu-  a.  .1.-1  V("'>"".  . 
W  .1111.1, .N-.l    !al-  .i'al-n-..ll>  .1 

an   ,.p)iiiitiiiiitv   til  in   <il   c 'iilninii /4 
siau-.    ll    .s   ti-'H-    that   111.'  im^' 
ami  in  vu  w  "I  l'"'  -1"  '  ^l'"'*'' 

,,1   111,'   l...i,l.  ..i:u^a;,l   -l.i',  >  mat 

-"n.A.T   iiinM";   l.';i  i'"' 
ll„-  nmnarn.-.l  u-f   v.r  .U'l.  lia- 

till'  -MM-. 


1  ,r  ^. 


ll; 


tl,..  iWiiliras,.  sluiN  a  t!.....l  .;t  l.--:!it  nii..n 
III,,  armiiiu  nl  uli  i  'i  i'  >  "n>  ''"l'  -  j 
1,1    life   ,-,.ii-:-l-    111  1,111.1111.111^ 
.■ii.M-   I..  111.-  <.."l  "1." 

.„„•  wli..  kn-.U'  'll,-  l..:u-,  iwr  l?i  .111.1 
,,i  ili,,i  ,-..iiiiii-iiii..n.  111.-  iiM^t  ra,li,-a. 
,l,:,,,,.-t,i.n.  Ill  i';..-  ..•Mv'..:r.l  !:u-  I'<-  «•'•'- 
atuclv  iiiM..;nitu-aiit.  .nul  b.  ui'.l  J" 
tint  ill  r.niain  in  the  slat.-  in  wliuli  lie 
was  call..!. 

ri„-M-  w..nU  -.1   I'.nil.  1''^'-  ''i  '^'- 
,„..ri  Kr.;,-.  an    .'a-y  1"  iiii-u.t.  U'l ;  t.  H  w.- 
im  t    ill,    ..nuin.il    simati.in.     I  ln'v  arc 
ih,r    I  |.r.-t,si  auaiiist  tin-  ivstl,--.  r.-v- 
„„i,,,\  siiint,  tliaii  .-I  l'.i--ivi-. 
-1,11  iii'.^,   .■.,111,111111.111      111,    11."  I'i.'is 

  •'  Ilia 

\  ,  1 


t'i<-  (1 
I. 


iri- 


,1 


,:.l  ,1  1.. 

22-24.  I 

.111    ll.l-  t 

.li    .lilt,  1. 


1.1:1 


11 


111 


in 


iiiii-il 


.-.-i  r  Ml 

I   1 1,     w ,  1 

lU      I  >  t".  . 

(li,  \'  '>  1" 

called  111  llie  Lord,      m  r 


1  .It 
1  l.ii.ili.r  i-  ii"t  t..  Ih- 

il,     M,  \.    I  .1    ills    .-,111, It 
Mf..!!  ll,-r,- 

.',  I'l,  i-liatii-,-  '.f  fr..'- 
ir  rci>  ,'t,  .1.  til.' 
tr,-,-  man  .iii'l 

for  the  slave, 
i.iv  the  Lord' 


freed   man     tlio    I'-rd   has  j.....^:llt  In... 
,,,,,,,  ],.,  t,,,„ur  inast.-r.  sm  (Ruin.  vi.      1  . 
in  like  manner  the  free  man.  by  his 
call,    is    1...    l.n'i^'T  fr.-. 
Christ's  sUve,    • ''^i,  'J ^'^e 

til,  11,.-  man  is  r.ally  a  sl.i.c.  Ye  were 
bought  with  a  price -the  very  words 


I 

r.ii 
1  li  1 

ini..-i  -   ,  , 

wliK-li  riiri-tiaiiity  l.'dy..l  m  t'i<-  n','"'- 
nuMi  a'1,1  wliicli  liavc  s,,!-. Ti.  1"  >  -."^"l 
lace  ..f  siiciitv.  \M,iil,l  t.ii.l.  "  many 
..  t.>  ,T,  .lie  a  s,,irit  ul  la  -  '• 
-.11,1  tliis  s|.iril,  liail  It  .-xpr,  -m  .1  n  t"!' 
.  Nanil.le.  in  a  riMii.^  ..|"  slav.-^.  XN..n..i  liav,- 
n„leliiiit.-K  1,1.1.1.'!  tia-  I  i-.^r.  ^-  ..I  tlie 
\,.  I, -.111  wa-  i!;..r,  inipurt- 
,  ill, 111    lli.it    111.  n  .■"'■I'.l 

,,1-t  a~  !li.->  ,\>n-  ill.'  "ti'-y. 
.  In-  tlir..\\ii  ■  -t  w..-  'll.l'  "' 
i-u  with  in-  iiii."ii..i  mark  iiih'ii 
,,,„|  tlu-  J.iv,'  III  In-  slavery, 
o.iil.l  eniov  a  w.ilk  Willi  »„i,l  winch  conid 
,„,i  1.1-  Kit.'rnipu.l  ,.r  alT.ctcl  l,y  external 
vii.ns  ,ir  onlw.ir.l  ei.iulitions  ,\ii.l  is  ii"t 
tint  a  lesson  winch  is  vali-l  for  e\.-ry  ago 
and  every  man  (iKofrot.  vv.  20,  24  >.—  "»« 


Ill 

C.I 


lU'W  r. 

;iiit  t'l  ■ 
-.-i\.-  I 


;l,  1 


l.l 


-111. 


I  ll 
l.,,il 


Cn.  VII] 


T  COKINTIIIAXS. 


49 


35  Now  cnnoerninR  \iri;in>  I  hat-  ii" 
coinniaiuimint  of  the  Lnrd:  >it  1  nivo 
my  juilntiu'iit,  a-  >'iir  lli.il  li  nli  oIlhtkM 
ini-rcy  "f  llif  l-i>nl  to  l'>   l  iitlii'il 

_•(,  I  sniiif-c  tlurihirc  that  tliis  In  K'""' 
fur  till-  iiriMiit  ili^tri  ",  /  say  that  it  is 

K  I  I"""  '"  ,  , 

.7  Art  th'iii  lic.uinl   uiitK  a  witi':'  seek 

,1,.^  I..  1,1-  Am  lu.^.i.l  lr»in 

a  wifi  ■•  II 't  a  wit<'. 

jS    I'.  ii  ami  II  tli..it  Tuarry.  tlioii  hast  not 

vin  .r^I;   an.l   it  .1   \irv;iti  tiiarry.  -In'  hath 


twt 
It. Mil 
.") 

W  I  pt 

tluv 

thnll 
.tl 
Hot 
W  •  'ft 


iiiiml  \,  \«  i!hi  li  »-  -iK-Ii  'liall  liavc 
U-  m  thv  tl'^li     I'lil   1  -I'll'  >"''■ 

r.ilt  tlii^  I  >a\.  Iiltlhrm.  liic  IIIIU" 
•rl  ;  It  1 »  iii.utu  ih.  that  Iwtli  Ihiy  that 
uiM-  It  a>  ih.MiKh  lluy  liail  ii>>iu-; 
And  tluv  that  wixi).  a<  thoiiuh  tht-v 
II..;;  iiiil  iht-y  that  nn.iir.  a^  tlioi^jh 
n  i.iu.il  ii.'t;  and  lluy  that  hny,  as 
uh  tin  y  |Mi^-.is«rtl  ll"t  .' 

An.l  tluv  that  ii-i-  ihi*  \vi>rt>l.  a« 
ahiiMtiv'  It  for  the  fashion  of  this 
I  pa^^ith  away. 


I'-scntially  >iiirilnal  nature  '>!  nliui. 'H- 
'1  Ik-  >iiitit  ..I  I  lin^tiaiiit>  nin-i  nuK  .  cl  tr> 
to  lAiirt'^  n~>li  -tii.l  u. !  ii-.li  inili...li..l  ; 
-..im-  in>IHiiti.  n-  U  sm'I  ci.aU';  ..tiui-.  liki' 
sla\riv  uhi^ii  tin-  N' "  U'ta-iu  nt  .1".  ^ 
not     atla.-k,    it     uiil     .1-  I'.nl  th> 

tliinns  ar<-  ..lily  llu-  rvpr. --i..n.  n.'t  Ihc 
siiK-c  ..f  rcliui-n;  lli.  'rnl>  nliiiioii-.  man 
,1,„  ,  11.  'I  .1.  1"  'i.l.  h  1  In-  |n  ai-f  or  hapl"!- 
lu--.  111...11  the  tliiiiL;-  that  are  without, 
lie  '.u.-  with  (iod.  and  with  laul  lie  I-. 
C(  .nteiil. 


I' 


as.    Now  with  regard  to  maidens.  \- 

the  ca-e-  ..f  tlie  ni.iru.l  1  w.  loll  1  an.l 
.,f  iiniiiarru.l  (  nie^  1  1  aw  aln  a.K  L. .  n 
di-l>..M-d  01   (\.    >•  1,  I.  I'anl  n.'W  e.iii-i.a 

tin-   ea  II    aIi'Ii  '"'m.' 

ha.l  l.e.ai  a-i,  •!    '.1  wi!h   r.  Uai.. 

to.  \ii  I.  vni-  II  "1  u  . wh..  ".  re  >ti  1 
at  liitiiie,  ina'er  the  eare  of  lallier  ..r 
;^„ar.llaii      t  •  .luei  inir^      '.I:.-.'.  COITimand- 

ment   of   the  Lord    I   have   none  (.1 

,j)_,,n  thi-  ii..lnl  .le-'i-  lii.l  in. I.!. 
„o   i,r..n..nn.a  in-  iil    aM>    in..i.    lii        ni  tla- 
,  I    ,n:x..l   i:  a'Ma'.;e-..  but   I   give  niv 

opinion,  as  one  who  by  the  mercy  of 
the  Lord  is  worthy  of  trust,  llu-  r.  n- 
,1,  ;  ,,1  jrmrot  Is  11). .re  aiipropriate  than 
••  iaithltil  "  li.  w;i-.  of  citr-o,  a  failhlnl 
stewar.i  Mv.  J'.  Imt  hi-  tidehty  would  11.. t 
SI.  liitiiicU  «u..ranti-e  the  ••oinm.ni  a- 
his  heini;  w.thy  .,t  fust 

a6.    Ill  the  opimoti  which  follow,  lie 
passes  from  the  innnediate  .|iii  -ni  ii    ■!  l  a 
iiiarriaue  of  virmns  to  tli.    !  .11;.  i  n'-.v 
tion  of  inarriane  ii.  'j.neral  (.u<Vu.ruM  1 
consider,  then,  that  this  m!  i          a  - 

ioUiiWS  at  the  en.l  .  !  lli.'  \.  r-.  ,  rv  -  r,.< 
ciroi)  is  good,  if  ..li—  > 

rate  by  reason  of  the  present  straits. 

If.id  .nnother  infinitive  i,  11  tlu- "'"fX"'-. 
the  i-nn-trm-ti..n  u..u;.I  !ia\.'  h.  .  n.  1  I 
perhaps  oh-eure.  I.m  o<  ri.-iiiil\  -..m.uh.t 
awkward;  this  i-  avoided  hy  i  cluin^e  01 


e.>ii-triieli.  .11  t.>  with  th.'  (  niu\|ires-ed  > 
111. he, llu e  1  e..ii-al,i  that  it  is  good  tel. 
\er.  II  for  a  person  (,a»(*»«i)»n»,  har<l!y 
•  l..r  a  iii.in")  to  be  thus  -  a  M.mi'wh.it 
eiiiytnatie  phraM'.  hut  the  foll.>wiiin  \ei-e 
-hi.ws  that  It  mit-t  mean  more  tli.iii  ".\.ii 
a-  1  am"  ti-l.  vv  7.  Si.  It  mn-t  eilihiaei- 
hotli  statev.  .iiid  -o  iini-t  he  t.ik>Mi  to  iiK.iii: 
/..  iii.\t  1I.V  III-  is  l.f  vv.  -•.>.  -'J'  Ihit 
till'  wli.'le  oonti'Nt  -how-  tli.it  I'lnl  1^ 
re;illy  1  liiniv  in;;  ii;..|.-  .'I  the  M.-ai.!  alt.r- 
lialive  I. 7'' I  "I  'he  .I'h  aiila'j.  ..t  l.<  illH 
••  .men.  n.iilu  i'.  .!  "  !a   .1  th.ni  ■  '  ill.- 

Iir-t    i_7.i».     111.     ..',■./.,■...«    i-    -hu  v.!iu-h 
,,,|\    n|^..ii    I     ni  i.  l.  ;-    ti.'l  'h.- 

!  .i   lilr        "i  l  irs    II'M    ,111;.  .'111.' 

p,  I      -I,.  11.  Iiiit   Ih.    .!•  ""'       'h      «  1-  '•< 
prei,  .le    the    i-.ainni;    •  t    the    1.  !•!  Mall. 
\\i\    S  It  .  Jl.   1   il,.'    \  M    -• ;  I    u '     ^'   "  1- 
l-i-h.  \id    '  ■    he    III    the    \  •  r\    !!•  ..• 
I  ■        !:;-i   .  '  l"   !i  I'l    a'.r.  ;i.!\    .Iriiik  \< 

!.:•.   "  .:i  "    I.  l    u     II.   1  -•  I. 

27,  ^8.     It  !-  t  1  I.'  1.  111:1111  a-  y.'ii  .ire. 

Are  you  bound  p.  --ihl\  hy  h.ir..th,il, 
hilt  iiin.h  iif.ie  pr-  l.;ihly.  in  m.irri.iite  - 
to  a  woman?  Do  not  seek  to  be  freed. 
Are  you  free,  wh.  ili.  r  a-  a  wi.L.wer  or  a 
hieh.h.r.  from  a  woman?  Do  not  seek 
a  woman  •.•r  rWrV)  :  the  pr. nt  iit;l«T. 

iiuphe-    ■■  ilo    IK. I    he    .  ai    tile    -     !  ah    I     ,  ' 

Still,  if  you  DO  .  ><  -<  h  ,-:.  marry,  you 
have  not.  in  iii.ri\".'.  sinned  nh.  i  ri-t 
Ii..int-  t.i  the  ..•  '  ■  t  ■;  i;i  -  '  '  and  if  a 
virgin  marry,  she  has  not  sinned.  But 

ii!;irna-„e.  l!i- •>  •  •  •  t  -m.  '  n'  •"- 
\..Ke  -iilT.  Mil-.; ;  tribulation  tiiri  lii'ic) 
shall  such  a-  inariv  have  in  the  flesh, 

,;,      j.,^  "  j,,   h,,.!i'v   i  -r.-.i'..-'  ;ni.I  ri-- 

1  "     I  In-,  -ii.'.r,    -r  1        •    ■.•  ..t  m:ir- 

.:a'.;e  ..'  all\  !ai..  \\"-'.l  '■  1  a'l  irU  T'!.- 
,,l   III,-  ••  ,!i.tr.—  ■'  •'■  I  <■  ■  '■'!•■  ihe 

.  ,,1111111;  ..f  I'l.    1    •!.!  .  and   I'a-:'   l-  aaM  —  i- 

■ :, Ills      .  .  •  1 1  -       . .  ;■;    ■  -e.ii '  'u.'.i 

Ij  ,M|.1e  ,-1-  ,  .  '.'.l  I..'  .-v  1.'..  '1  I.  w;''i  -lli'h 
ainh.'ritv  ,1    i  n  oMi  V""  t''"i'^'.  •'ini 

.  kill',.;  t.  spare  you  pi.intinu  ..-it  the 
:i.K  aula'.;.  -  of  th.'   -iiiL;le  -late. 

29-31.    Ihit  not  only  the  iiievit.lble  >or- 


} 


i  4 


1-4     S  -,  I 


^*  -, 


.1  vH.': 


I  tnUlNTIIIAXS. 


fCn.  VII 


r.ll!    1   U«'tll(l   ll.lU    XOM  «f,'.-...    '.   .  I 

I  , I,,,    .      I  Ir   •   .il    l~    '.Miir.  iiri.  A  .  .11.  Ml  !■ 

,1,.    ,i.n  _  -  th.il   l"l"H^  '    l.-fi-  " 

li.    t.i.a        1-    i!"    I  . 

-  ,    j'.nr    i  .    ilia!    i-    ni  ii  ■ '  •!   Mf  tli  I'  ■'' 

ll„-    thill—    tl...i    .If    ..I  wtl'l.  l'"^' 

III     Ill.lV    Ji  t    IM-    Il  .1    1'  It'  . 


,.      ,.        tl.  •■.  Ill-'     .I.'."'    'n  tvv  1  II  .1 

^  1 .1,1      ,  II,.      '11. in  ■< '!  «"in.iii 

,,,       ,1^,      lliili.;.     ..t  lol'l.  ill''"' 

,j  \,..\\    !  I  l!i    I'  ."I'l  'I' 

!,  ;i  ■],  ■    I    II    irii'l  iMfcllt  for 

,  ,M,   li.'A    -III-  iiiuy 


I         ;.n  ■     i'  1- 

I..,      ,        1,..  ,.i.ll-,,l: 

Ar.'l  tills      v\  '  .1'  t    .'  - 


1  !iir-l  0 
_  ,  II  I    iia-i . 
.  .1    111. II I !  -' 

1  -.A.  -..ly. 


II'M  \\.'I'.- 

I  rti-  -II  !•!  \  ' 


the 


btctliren:  \"> 

.1  -inrl,.!  U   -  •!•  "•»"  ' 

time  '  I  ■  '1  111-  •  '■  '  '.'  I 

,,.|   !h.    i.'iiin.-.-   "1    '  ■   >^  ' 

..',1.  ,.,.i,.;i-  .iiM  li  1-'^       I"  ■ 

..  ■    Miiiil.   >-.--l\    :       ■  ■      ■         '  • 

,    ,.'i  tl'i      iciKtii.rtli  tluy  .il  .>  who  h,i 
wives   sii.'iiUl   tie         th-.ii^;ii   they  I'M 

u-.  nt:  .n-'l  tli"-^^--  ''^ 
th.v  wept  n-  •.  I'l.i  tlu.M-  wh<.  rejoice 
.,s  \h..ui.;h  the  ,  ic.  ucl  n.it.  and  those 
wi  ,  huv  .1-  til.  lu  '.i  th»y  had  no  ht in 
h.  !.l  ' 
usi  'thc  w.tUI  as  a  It  u>  'i  >irccdily. 
i'l  |.    I.  .         :  ,  i'  <  ^  ^    '  '  ■ 

,  ..  ,      .,  ,    ,  I  1'.  t      -  .'    ■  ■■ 

;  >  :   ^  ■ 


.  ,r  ,,r  I'v  f"r  the  fashion  :  this 
world  is  passini.  ..way.    *  i 

...    •:,    „,„;.:      !  -I'l'!       "  ■'■ 

, .    ]  I  ,        1  r.i   \'"         '      \  ■ 

,  .  I    ^      h.     Il  l:.'-  IS  ■'.    \\  'I'l 

.     ,    .  .-_si!ll.     t..    I.lk.  • 

„         .      "  ,  ,   I     ■  I'L  1-  >■'■■ 

'    ,  .1,      -:1I>        ■  lis 

,„  ^,  '.!.,    ,  .  .    •  ■■■,,.ir,\  I.  ■ 


.  M I  r 

MS  II' 

li .  I 


111. 


1     ;,I  ■    -IS  r'  ' 

w  ,-   r  \' 

,\     klll'l        '     «  '  '   '  ~ 

.    'Il    I  1  1  '  I 

iini'l         ■  - 
(  ■   \    1  ■111 

t,)  be  free  from  anxiety     '       m  ■i-u 
ricd  man  is  anxuMis  about  '      '      -  s  "t 
the  Lord.  ■  '        '  ^ 

please  the  Lord  I  n  'lie  :r...i.  vh,.  Ur.s. 
i-narned  is  anx;i  u  ■  about  the      in^^  'l 

'"•^  how 


I' 


be  is  ti- 
ls (iiviiii 


,st  i'ls  wife,  and 


I  ..r.l 


1  1 


w . 


rs' 
,is!. 


s; 

,,.   -t.   '.•  tllM- 


,.r  r.il  Is  I  1  t. 
nK-.iiniii^- 


h.    tnii^t  IS'I 


!  r 


34 

i    ..1   1..  ih  ihi- 
U    t'l   ill'  ''^m! 


I 


I  111. 

.irru  .1 


■  ■■  .    I,-..    11  •- 
.1  .  ■■ -• I  s  '  s 'II-.  ill 

■  -Is   |.  .I'l  her 
hi-r  ••.  n- 

I  l  C-'.l 

.,  xi  j  ilu  i.iii-mm;  Hi>rd«  <■( 
•  1.1  !h.  ni.iiiiii  r  III  r.iti^tniinK 
I  V  uiuvrtaiii.  though  tin-  words 


<  H.  Yll] 


UlNTillAN-;. 


I   On.    I    -1-  '         ■       r-Miiir.  , 


I"  "■' 

1,       !..r        '  li 
,  .tr 


\.  \  I  fill  K  - 

ill.  ii;t  tM   '   -  li-  .11 1. 


j..    . ,  r  .  , .  '          .  \  ■    »\            .   h  iiu 

\  ,    I,.     -  ■■['.'             I,  k.ili 

!  .|   1.!-   \  !!      Ill-   \r  .■;.>.  1.  ■  ' 
,1  .1^:1  .  ;i!nl 


1  MI 


■  r     i(       W  I      •    »!(    In     lii,'  '  Ilk'  \'l 


t.li.- 


.1  ill  •.!  \i  r        a  lli"i.  .trt^.i. 

,  ,  1    i ,  r  It  l!-.  •«•    '    ■  '    i.i.i   '  \\'-  • 

.    1, ,   It      \     \     li.i^    I'  ■  •   '    I       '  It 


tin  ■.  "  'I  "   ' 


<\u- 


l\.  I'Mi'  .111  I  I  ■!  .1     I     1  '  t     1       '    ■    t     1  ,  : 

1     •     ,  r'l  ,1     U  II.  .  '  A  II       ■  ■  ■I.l.i.  -     'if      <  " 

]  1  ■  'i;r    •  '  1.  -1  w     M!i  I  II  'l,!.!'  ■    !!  • 

■       .        ;.  r  .     I...I.:       I  H  .         36.  .  :  ,;r.   ;>  ■    1',  ■! 

,  ■  •  :i      .  .  »i.  .1  r.itli'  r   >l  il-  ■  ■  ■'•    -I"  >  :  >  -I' ^   v.  •  .  -        ■    •    '  • 

f, ,      •'  ,       Ml!.         '    ■  -  't    !■•       -.-n-  -       •  -..t      •    \  t   .        1    •  • 

 ■(.  -.1  ill  Mr    \i  -.-I.   p:..in.!v.  .il''.-  .  ■  ■   'i    •  .•    ■■■  ''i      '  ■ 

■   .■       ■  l>.  irv  iln  i-S  t      .  1^  •j"..r.!|..r       '  'i'        i  -'  i 

^  III.      M  :    '11   till.    veil..  .   •       •!  )f|'  il    ■    -iM    ;i     '  • 

1  ,,,  .   •.   ^         ,1  ,,)■  tin   11  .■!     -.^^  •  ':  "    ■  ■  !    1  u  'i;'  .11   !■        'i:  '  '  '  ' 

,   , ,  r  On  th.    m!i  '1    1!  .  M.!-r,  ■:  .•  (  't  -•...iiitv.  I-.-"  ;    !  n  ■  "I 

;  il^,    J  li  .<«>i((ii(jr  11  tt'lii  \.r.  '  I  r  li  ■  '   '         >•■    .  > 

1       1"  :i'!";'i  t)i.  i.  ...inu-  ■  .  i                 -  :  .it''    <  '  •■     '  ' 

'^',1             ,f  (i-, .  .,.t  f.rii  ij  ri,:<'(.-v  ..1(1.  .1  !i;"ii;i\     Now    if    any    one        '!•'■    '  i" 

Tu  f.i.  u    ...1.  ii.iii-l.iti'm     Also,  the  un-  '^  ..,iili.,i      consiilcrs   ttuit   he   -•.  acting 

married  woman  and  the  virgin  are  anx-  unseemly     .  ,     ■  -            -av  i- 

ious  about  the  things  of  the  Lord.    1  ,    '.,  .  ,..       ,  ■  . 

.inatt:..r    \.  •'■     -    11. . till-;, 1    .  I  .      •  ■ 

, 'I'l.r       ..lu'  1.1.  1.  I'li"    '                I        ■    ;    "'i;  :  ■  1  ;  '!■  1  ■  tow  rds 

r,,,l    w '■<:■...■. .  '    '.  |T.  M  ii'iii'.;    i!i'  '>"  '    '   '  Ins  vitKiH      \'. ' .       ■  • 

V.  u:  .1;  1-  illr-)i  It. '1  l'>         .■■•-'  if  she  be  beyond  adult  af;e 

,  ,  I  '     .J  .  >llt     \v  !!. 

ill    .  1  - k 


I  ,..  aiiil  if  Ml  it  i'tit;lit  to  be. 


t!,,      Ill  I,  .;•  11.  .1     U-!!M!I    I-    that    SllC    should        1    ■  ■       .         ;    ■  ;■'.•: 

be  holy  i  alike  1  in  body  and  in  spirit,  let  him  do  what  he  will  ;  he  commits  ..  > 

<Tw..-in  1-  „..t    ■!!.  !t.!.  ,\  t..  ...-t    .•  V  r.r.  ■■■  sin  n      •   '    !      •   'ftv.     let  them 

f...)i  ..II  m.ir-  .'..  ..-  tint  t-  '    '  ■ marry.'    ■    .!■-!■    •'■!!•  1  ■•ft"'      •  • 

141,  lin!   il.;    i.i.r.-.    ■■!...!>   .111.1     •      •"  ■        '    '  '  ' 

ii''\  n.-.  i:.!.  .1  •..  -im.if?  i!i.  .   •     ■  m-  '■'■<  -'■''>  1  •  •      •!•      "  ■     '  ■:  '•      -  '■  '  ' 

li,,n  ..I  til.    .liliit    I..!-'!!     But  sh»-  who  ■     '.    ]■   '   '       Hi    i;-.      . -'ill  If. .11   I  1'. 
is  married  cares  for  the  things  of  the        r.  I  ■\ 

world,    o'.l  !'.t-.||  how  she   may      37.    I'-  ♦  u''  l.-  it  1-       >  "  f' ^  t'l.  t.''-.i 

please  her  husband.  '  ;     •  i  \ 

35.     111.-,    ir  .!ik  -ti;'.  iin'iil^  "f  i' .  •  '    '  \    'l-  .'■ 

iln.il  .I1-... K. 11  !..•-■(-  -  t  Hi., ;!i.ii;r  iiix'  I  .'  ^^        ■•         But  h«-  t!';it 

I.,  .11  -'ii.ii. .1  !■.  r. '111..11  -..I'll'  .1  .   '  .  st.iniii-th  m  his  heart,  and  that  stt-  nl- 

^.  .  !  ...  .!  t     ..    1  .  i  ^_*!",-       '  ■  1  , 

It  is  for  your  own  good  that  I  say  this,  un.'cr    r  .    i.  n  -tr  unt.    I>  n    li.ivini'.  lull 

not  that  I  may  throw  a  noose  over  ynu.  power  rtxardiii^;  nis  owr  '  wish. 

!  i--..  :i-   it   « .  r.  .   .iii.l   i  i-.'  '-  .mil  li.-ith  lU'tcrmined  in  fiis  own  heart 

t..  iii\    i.m-i'P*-   "t    -.'iliii-.v.  but  with   a  t  .  ket'i"  lus  ..wn   v!r>;in         .      .  .■ 
view  to  seemliness  and  undistracted  'ie-  '  f- 

votion  to  the  Lord.   .\^  uttm  m  1     ..  .v".  I'  t  shall  do  well.    I:  ili<.roii.:;!  l-.n-p- 


52 


1  COKIXTIIIAXS. 


[Ch.  VU 


,(S  S(i  tliiii  he  tli.il  i;i\rili  hrr  iii  iii:ir- 
ri.iyx  ilortli  will;  lint  lu-  lli.it  (^ivctli  lur 
net  ill  marriaKi'  il'Htli  luiur. 

,V)  I  lie  wife  is  IiouikI  liy  the  law  a-- 
IniiK  as  luT  hiisliaiiil  livi'lli:  lint  it  her 
hii'-tiand  lie  (li'aii.  she  is  at  lilierfy  to  lie 


married  to  whom  she  will;  only  in  the 

l.ur.i. 

40  Hut  >lu-  is  hapiiirr  if  -lie  m'  ahiilc, 
after  my  jmlnment:  and  I  think  al^i  that 
I  have  the  Spirit  of  God. 


iiiis'  uilli  aiK'u  nl  .  ■  Mii'c|ilioii~.  ilic  f(  (  lini;s 
<i|  tin-  art    liiiK,  11  111  .ill.  11  •n~iclrii  i|  : 

11  1-  llir  i.illnr  I .  r  i;u.ii  <li..ii  I  ilrin- 
iiiiiic-  ululliir  -Ih  -li.ill  iiiii.iin  a  viru;!!! 
i  r  wi't.  ami  llii-  (1':;Im<-  u-r  i'lio?  i-  \  1  ry 
-liikiiiL;-  II  N  null  //i.v  uill.  Ill  Ins  li..iri, 
tli.il  llic  liii.il  ilic-i-Miii  111-  I  In-  iii.niliii 
is  his  own  ('•r|i»  iai  roe  Triipfiioc ) ,  aiul  it  1- 
his  ri^ht  to  (lispci-e  ni  lur  a-,  mulir  the 
1  iniiiii-tauees,  >eein>  liest  to  him.  It  is 
ju-I  p.  .--iMe  that  the  [dir.ise  "  heiiiK  untler 
no  eoiistraint  "  lea\  es  room  for  a  consid- 
eration of  llie  Rirl's  fei  linK-- :  Iiut  it  is 
more  prohalile  that  the  eoii-traint  whieh 
ntinht  iiirline  him  to  con-ent  is  an  external 
one  (of.  ver  l 

38.  So  then  -  ill,  u>  ili.a  fnllnw 
snni  lip  not  only  this  sreli.in  iKaliiiK  witli 
the  rel.itioiis  of  f.itlur  to  tiaiiiihfer,  lint 

lllr    uihiM'   ill-i  U--ion   of   til.'   111. If!      'Ji-   i|IIi  -- 

ti  'ii  both  he  that  giveth  his  ^l■.\n  virt;in 
in  inarriane  doeth  well,  and  he  that  t;iveth 
her  not    shall  do   better.    .Maii  .ici 

II.  .  -in;  It  i-  ft.iNi.r.  ijo...!,  li.  ill.  .r.iMr  ;  lii;; 
til,  -ilii;K'  111,  I-  ^/)f  iLT.riii ,  ii,  itrr  Mil.  1- 
pi  I  li.ip-  the  i  ll  .ir.  -I  .iii.l  iiiii-I  .li  111.,  r.ilr 
I  \  p.  I  --i.  .11  ,  .1  .        ,11  III  ilif  ehapli  v 

lh.';!i;li  till'  lApl.ui.il  I.  .11  iu-l  yi\eli  "i 
\v  .(ii  .(.^  1-  re.i-oii.ilily  sal i-f;Htory.  e-- 
pt  i  i.illy  ulieii  \\r  eoii-iilcr  llle  yr,  at  p. .ui  r 
ve-ted  hy  tin-  aiuiellt  world  ill  lie  I'.illi.  r 
or  «iiar<li.iii.  it  iini-l  he  emil'es-i.i  ih.il  .lil 
the  dilli.  iiltie-  of  the  |ia-s;ii.:es  are  not  re- 
iiio\ei|.  I  lie  phiiisi-  "III-  \  iryiii "  Is 
str.iiiiie,  thonnh  the  wonl  in;iy  h.ive  heeti 
ehi.Mii  to  eo\er  the  e;i-es  of  d.tiiiililiT  .iiid 
w.ir.l:  :iii.l  the  |»reei-e  meaning  to  he  at- 
1.1,  'u.l  I',  llie  wi.rds  "aotiii'j  iiii-r.  ni'y  " 
an.l  ■■  iiii.l.  r  n..  n-Ir.nni  "  ar,  t.ir  fi.im 
1  '1  .ir  I  !r  -e  ,!;:;,.  ■  ';ii  li.iv ,  ~  !:j-.  -ird 
lie  I,!.  ,1  lli.il  wii.it  r.i'il  I-  ii,  re  «I:-,-n--ii;L; 
i-  ■  pi'itn.il  !i:.iM  i.r-;i  ."  an  iii-'ilnti.  .ii 
wliiili  l  iii   Ih-  ir.n-,  ,1   li.u'U   .il  imi.  !.. 

III,  s,-e..iid  eeiitiiry  -\  I  »  i'ht>  •  .m  \, 
liini  uli.i  li.i.l  l.il..  n  \..\\-  ..|'  III'. 
Wire  rnw'lhni;  1.,  di-p,  n-.'  wi'li  i',,  .-liriii- 
ilie-  of  lioiiie  life,  .-iiul  Cliri-Uaii  \.>i!im 
women,  wlio  stoiHl  alone  and  \Mre  in  luid 
of  pr:  !i:  |:  11.  u.  :d.I  aynr  t..  K\>  t..i;.;h.r 
ill  li.in.fs  01  -piri'ii;il  iini.ui,  Tlii-  ui.nld 
^.'iM  .1  \iry  mli'iliuiMi  iiu:iniiii;  to  llu- 
Woi.I-  "111-  viix'in  "  111  ill.-  pi--, I-.'.  In 
\uu  .if  llie  nior;il  peril  wliieh  hoiiM  i.e- 
casiiuwliy  be  involved  in  Mich  a  union, 


r.nil  uoiild  !»•  lure  ree. uniiieiuliiu;  tli.il, 
111  -pile  ..|  llu  ir  \..u-.  llie  >.  r.ii^;  iiMii  and 
111-  \ii:..;ill  o!i;.;IiI  III  iii;iir\  il  I-  11. •  -ill. 
1 1,  on  ilie  other  hand,  tlu  m.iii  i-  ii.it  im- 
iler  llie  I',  .n-t  r;iiiil  ..I  ;iii\  -in-iM.n-  iiii 
j  iml-e,  hilt  Ii.is  full  eoiitml  of  his  i.uii 
lUiII,  lu-  .iiiylii  n.  I  |.i  ni.iiiy.  Iml  i.i  K.-,  p 
i  his  virgin  ;i-  a  \iruiii  \\  li;it  h;i-  n-n.-illy 
heen  f<  It  to  he  the  iii-iiiieraMe  ■  ilneel i. Ml 
to  this  interprttation  i-  tin-  (jr.imin.ilieal 
'  difficulty  of  the  word  ■>'>/''0''.  in  ver.  .?S. 
.\s  the  conclusion  of  llu-  ir'.;ninent.  we 
should  expect:  "  Conseipunily  he  who 
marries  his  virgin  does  well,  and  ho  who 
iloes  not  tnarry  her  will  do  better. "  In- 
ste:id  of  this,  we  Kei  :  "he  who  !^i;i-s  his 
viiv;iii  ///  iii.ii  riiii^,.  1I..1-  wi'll.  etc"  l.iet/- 
m.ilin.  Iiouever,  .ifur  ,111  niteie-lini;  pliil- 
oIoi;ie;iI  arniinu-ni.  e.  .ncliidi  -  thai  we 
niM-i  concidr  the  |  ilulily  ..f  I'. ml  hav- 
ing; 11-1  il  -,(luou'  (wIlU'll  llli>.  l'\  .i-|.-iloj;y. 
li  ixr  eiiiiM-  1.1  nil  .111  "!..  ei  Ul.i.ili-  ni.ir- 
r'.ik',  "1  .1-  llu'  e.|ii;x  .il.  in  ..t  ■/ii.uoL-  1  pi 
i';irr>l.  (in  liii-  .-\p!.iii;ilii.ii.  nian>  of  llie 
li  .iii'ni;   oil-,  nrili,  -   ..i   llu    pa--,i<.:i-  «..iili| 

I.  ,-  ietii.i\.(|.  .iiid  .1  \ .  ry  iiil.  iT-tin..^  -uie- 
lii^lu    w.imI.I   lu-   tlircuMi    np'iii   tli-   iit,-  ..f 

;Pi     ymiii.;    (.■hri-li;ni   elinreli.     We  e.iin.'t 

.  l  i.'ve  that  "-pii  nnai"  union-  ;iii|H-.iri  .1  -o 
..Illy:  hnl  eoii-iilri  iiiu  ilu-  hiiiU  iu-\  t..  ;is- 
eelicisin  oil  the  p:irl  of  s.iinc  ,,f  the  men. 

■  and  the  il.iiiuers  lo  wliieh  an  nnm.irried 
.111(1  i-oI,iteil  (.'hri-lian  woman  would  he 
e\po-eil  ill  -luh  a  -iKiety.  it  must  he  held 

!  to  be  not  iinp.issihle. 

'  39.  The  case  of  widows,  who,  if  we 
reail  roit  XW°<».  in  ver.  .si,  h.ive  not  yet 

been  e\pr<'--ly  iiieiil  11  .lud,  now  conies  in 
for  brief  .p  1,  1  ,il  ■. 'ii  A  woman  is 
bound  (  M'l.'^'.  ■■  |.\  A.  \'.  In-  u  ron(^ly 

eiipl  in.  nn.ler  th.  iii''-uni-.-  ..I  Iv-in.  vii. 
J  I  as  long  as  her  husband  lives:  but  if 
the  husband  fall  asleep  in  .:,;ii!i  she  is 
free  to  marry  whom  she  will,  only  u  ili 
'-!■-  'i!i-,'i.iii..n  ili.il  -lu  iiin-i  ait  in  the 
Lord.  I  111-  il..e-  ii"t  ,  I -.v.,.- y  a--,M  iluit 
-lie  niiisi  ni.irry  ;i  (.'liri-tian,  tliotmh  in 
the  liKht  of  J  Cor.  vi.  14,  that  is  what  it 
|.r;i.-Ti.;i;'y  .ini..-;iit-  to-  the  v.-oni-  mean 
tli  il  li.  r  .u'li..n  I-  to  he  eo\erned  by  ("hris- 
ti.iii   inoli\e-.   e. .11-1-1, 'nt    with   lur  Clin-- 

I I,  111  pr.  .f,  --i, .11 

40.  Slu-  iii.iy  in.irr\.  hnt  -lie  "will  do 
iRMter"  (cf.  ver.  j8)  not  to  m^  ry:  she 


Ch.  VII] 


I  rORIXTHIAXS. 


53 


will  In-  iiMt  ciiily  li.ippur.  ill  tKiiiR  frt'c 
fnrin  ilif  cirt  s  and  i  iitaiiKliuii  Mt>  <it  tiiar- 
riaKo  (.^jy.q)  but  she  is  more  blessed 

ill  l.riii^'  trie  I'm-  ilu  iiiiili-tracttil  •itrvui- 
"t  the  l.oni  (\  i  r  I  if  she  so  remain, 
that  i~,  111  lur  \M.l..uli.ici(|.  i'.uil  i-  iii.t 
<l"i;ili.'    ■  ;    he    oiiiv    >a\ s.    "  i,  iiimr 

l>lc.-M(l  in  my  opinion"  ui.  \ir.  i  : 
lU'vcrtlu'Icss  111-  Ills  ii~  fill  tli.it  III-  i.i.iii 
ion  is  til  be  vi-ry  si-n  i-ly  rii-k..n,,l  wuh. 
for  It  is  an  oimiidii  uiiKli  Ik-  iinn-ili 
hfvcs  to  In-  iii-|nri(l.  and  i.  i  /  <  i  I  thi  ,1: 
that  I  also,  as  well  as  those  of  vnr,  wh,. 
may  think  ditTiTeiitly  on  this  siiIpmai.  have 
the  spirit  of  God.  '  The  vlaiiii  i-  iii.»U  siiv 
cxpres-id  dor  SoAci,  ef.  iv.  g»,  Imt  there 
i.s  |»rol»al)ly  no  real  hesitation  in  the  tiiiiul 
uf  raiil.  lie  is  a  '■  siiiritiiai"  man,  am! 
a.-  siu  h  can  test  all  things  in.  15 »;  lie  is 
eon-M.  us  uf  possessing  the  niind  of  Cliri-t 
lii.  10). 


il  I'.i'i!  -  c!i-insMn,i  (ii  in;iri  i.il:<-  in  tins 
eh.i|ittr  -..111,  u  ii.il  iiisai.i...iiit-  iL..ik  rti  e\- 
lKe'..iIi..n-.  11  ni;i-t  ii,.t  In  i,  .ii;.  .11,11  that 
It  Is  V.TlU  .l  I,,  t.  111,...!.,;  .Ill.i 
skI,  rali.  ii-.  I  iie  iH..|.:,  .i.i.lr, u.u- 
C  oriinhi.-iiis ;  aii,l  the  liiii,-  ;.,:u\,,l  i,, 

he  siiiirlly  lielore  th,  ...iiiiii^  ..|  i.,,  |.,,|,1. 
I  he  piira-e  rrji.   iitara-aar   fiia-,ATji  ,|,^ 

terminer  tlie  whole  tiiiiinr  of  ih,-  ,li-,n-- 
sion  (ver.  Jd)  ;  the  .iryiiiiKut-  iiiyeil  are 
natural  ami  reason., hi,  ,u,.'iiiil 

tfiscnt    ilisti.is.    .\larri.ij;e    1-    a     l;  1 

thiiiK  (\er.  vvi-n  a  eoiiimeii.l.ilile  thin.; 

nnder  the  eirciinistaiiee-  thai  prevailed  at 


(  ormih  i\v  J,  ())  :  litit  it  IS  not  the  best 
lliiiiv:.     I  h,   siiinie  stale  is  better  ( vv.  .?K. 

I'l.l  ..11,  .,t  Ua-I  of  the  arKUinents 
\\liu'li  till'  apostle  urge-  111  its  l.ix,ir,  has 
a  ,  It. I  ll  me.i-iire  of  aliuliiiK  v.ihdity. 
Willi  ill,'  eoiiiiiii;  of  I  hri-t  111  M,  w,  he 
.iiU'Hil  lli.it  ih,    iiiiii-  u.,-  Ih,-  di-- 

tri \\,i-    s,,|-,-,    ,111, 1    ti,,.    ,|i.|r.K-t!.iiis  of 


■I, 


I  .m.l 
ti!!  It 
.1-  ..I  ~.  •  , 
ill-  iii..-t  , 

U  il-  .    .Il  l' 

.iii.l  f.iii 


iii.irruil  111,-  u,-r,-  r 
l.i-t     at  l;iiiii,ii|  In- 
I  h,  r,-  .ir,-  ,-,  r- ,1111  k 
,'.iii  only,  or  at  .iii\ 
Ih-  i»  I  t..|||;,  ,|   l,\  ill,, 
liy    tin-    tu-    ..f  u 
could    li.-ir.ily.    ,1-    ,1  111,,: 
done  th,'   uoiuK-rfi;)   w .  i 
which  he  dul.    \\  hii,  t:;. 
l.irne  a  m.-m's  -yni|..iii;\. 
a-   in  certain   ph.i-,-  of 
-ervu-e.    e\,-ii    hi,    .  .pp.  .rliiinly.  ili,\ 
ill  many  c,i-e-,  circtini-t  rihe  his  sphere 
1^   I  ihilitie-   ..f  s,-r\u-e. 


-  Ilie 

I'Mlioll. 

\\  iliili 
;.',-t.  !«,. 
I...  i.i.l 


I. 


II:  .11. 
r    th.-  u 

-,-  111-  III.IN 
.111.1     -olIU  :i 

f"i,-i-.^ii  iiii- 


I.  .. 
:ind 


limiiii-h 

;.>-  (/;: /,/,■(/  {fit^tpiarai.  \,.r.  !  „|  a  ,,,.,,^1. 
Ill  wlii,h  ,111  iiniii.irri,',!  Cliii-ti.iii  man  is 
not,  and  a  -erv,-,-  of  th,.  l.,,rd  uhieh  1- 
.•|ssi,Iiio||-  in(./.'.i/r,/, -(,-,/    (  dirKnffiro<rrun 

\-  r.  .?.-,(   \m!|   1.,.   ^,  !,   I,  ,„,_,| 

'o  liiiii.    lint  whil,  1 


till 

of 

llu- 

,  \.lll,',| 

into  .III 
tlu'  ,-a-,- 


e.  Iih.-iey  f,ir  lli..-.-  who 
iiitiiu-iie,-    ( »•/^paTf^o^•Tal 
1..11    I'or   -,r\!i-,-  I! 
.ui.l    r.,;il    ,|,„-,  ,: 


-1. 


-.  p.,- 
r.iti.  .11 


t!i.  11 


id,  .i!    |.  .r  ,1!! 
(,-f.  v,  r   oh  I, 
-    .  ;inii,-h-  f, 
.!.e"  t^Mat. 


Ill 

tllOS 

■  Ih, 

xix. 


h.i\  e 
\  er. 

iiri-t 
o!  ,-s 
th,-  11 


lu- 


ll u-  mfi 
<(i  .iiiil 

11. .1  h,- 

ih  II 
tiir,-  of 
"  lli.ike 
kiii).;.l..iii 
-M    Will  al- 


1 


54 


1  COKINTIIIAXS. 


[Ch.  VIII 


i 
i 


Till-:  ("IIRISTIAN  S  Ivl  I.ATIOX  TO  lUOL  SACKIITCKS  AND 

IT-:ASTS  (  viii.  I  \i.  I  ). 


Cll  \  l'  I  IK  s 

I  N.iw  l..;ir!  i:!-  iIiIiil:-  ulTrri-il  mil" 
iiliil-.  '.'■■<\v    ih.il    '■■.(■    all  klHiul 

<  i|-;>-.  Know  ImIl^c  imiIVi  IIi  ni'.  Inn  ' 
rdll'u  til. 


\ui]  !l  any  man  think  that  !k'  kiiow- 
;i  ai!>   iliinv.  hv  knowi'tli  imthiuK  yet  as 

llr    r  til  klliW. 

;    r.i:i  It  :iv\   man  love  ('i<"l,  the  same 

KiHiuii  lit  li;m. 


Wi    li  n  •  -r.  II   -cHiit'thliii;  nl  ihi- 

(lilViri  ill  ■.  "'lu'i  liir  (■•iiuiil-.  uiii-t  havi 
e\|i.  ii.  'i  .  ■!  'h  iiMiiilaii.uiii  I'liri^liaii  imn- 
ei|i!.  ,  aial  I'lai'li'.-  in  a  jia'-ian  rii\ir"ii- 
nir  111  '  'i. '  i '  M  ■  I  i  I  '  a  in:  !i  I  lir  li'VHir  ■  - 
am!    iia    Malia  iT..Mr-,    ni  il  111.- 

Iiriaiuiil  li'ia!  mi..  >..nia..-l  with  nan  x\hi.-r 
viaml  .i  '-  w  v<  '.'nniiM -nral.l>  ml.  la'V 
ihr  (  hii-i'i!'  ~taii.l.il  .1  :  t.  ■  < -i.il"'  ihi- 
,  ..Ilia.  I.  lih  V  u..iii.|  havi'  hai!  t.i  "  u..  "ii! 
.  I  I ' 'A .  iil.l  "  ai'  ■  t'tt  \-  I  \ .  Ill"  <  hu- 
..|  ih.  nia.  11. -al  .litii  -'li.  -  i.i  thr  I  !iri-- 
!:an-,  .1;-.  i  -.i!  iii  i'l:^  -.ail.in.  \>a«  ctialcii 
l.\  i!a  ji,  M  i-i'.,.  ir.il'i,  n. a  i.l  iii..;atr\.  It 
,;ti"irl  .'.  .-  .  -'!,:'  •>.,  till'  li.itiir.'  i.f 
IIr.  aaiha",  \.,!ii!l  il.i'-l  !i.i\.  all'illllilt  al 
ill  »iuh  ,1  iii\  I  .ninth;  it  atiirtctl  even 
the  nil  .i;  w'li.'h  iMiik'  nji..n  llie  ('(.nii- 
thi.ill  l,iiil.-~,  \\  hi  11  a  -arniiee  \\a-  .  l' 
f.  Il  il  in  ..  niiiha  'lir  nv  at  ^^  .l•■  -..inctina- 
vail  n   il  .•!   <   ■  'a-   i.f  thr   trllii  l. 

I  \  i:  i.  1  -  1 ,  ,  i!  .  i  1  '  11'..  1'  u .  .■;  !il  la  a! 
IN  ua.i.  mill  tin-  ),  a.a,  niaiUi  l  t  \^  J.^i.aiiil 
thfiiii-  t.i  l!u-  lal'!.  ..r  ,1  |.ri\ati  hnii-i  (  \. 
.7  1  \\  liai  u.i-  :  1  i..  va  (  "'.1 1  -■■  ,1.'-  atii- 
I  lah-  1.1  -  111  h  na  .a  \\  ,,  -  I  .  ! .  a'.-!  [Ill 
1;  .  .Ill  It.  .  .1.  ;  i  .1  .^la  i:v  1  li  a  |.\  ]■  irl  .1,  .ii-,i 
.  !  It.  ||.  ..  • "  '.all  .1  !i,,ii- 1  I  \'.  'til  el.  .'alia  • 
i.r  \\a-  h.  |..  l  ai  MVii.  ":  i.-  .u  iaiiii-;  a  .a,  ..ii 
ihv   ittiinn.i    tii.it    la.  uhi.'ii  thr 

-  iiTiii.a-  11  1.  1  ! .-11  . .': .  1 .  .1.  w  i  -  a  ■  i.  -  .  >.  :  -  l  i :  \ 
I  ii..l  i-  1  !'(■  1,1!.  -1  a  ai  liiv.  1-. .  .1  111  tin,  ...  a 
ti.'i  (\iii-\i,  ■■  I'l  1  .iii>  in  \  ill   aiul  \    J,; - 
xi. 


I-  /..I.  <■ '  ( \  iii.  I. 

I.  Now  with  regard  to  things  sacri- 
ficed to  idols  aia.'hii  ,,|'  ihr  |iiiiiit.^  nil 
whu'h  I'-nii's  ailvirr  hail  cUarly  lna  ii 
a-.Kril  •  >a  nil  thi-  Tfiii  oi  ,.f  \ir  I,  ri  \ii 
1.  ji;  We  know  that  we  all  have  knowl- 
edge. The  wnril'-  may  a  -.,  iiii  an.  "  u  r 
kn...a.    'r.  w  r   ail    have   kllnw  Irilei  "  ; 

bill  it  |v  ahitAvt  iii!|Mi,^iMr  t  i  liivcminr.  t 
thr  oiiinu*!.  on  \,r  I  fiutn  ilif  similar 
words  of  ver.  4.  where  they  tiitist  mean 


■■«e    i-i.'W  Thr    mranini;    inav  he 

thai  I'a-l.  iiiil  lliii--r.  ill  uriural.  uliniu 
!  a.  1. :  I  ~i  .,  haw  a  rK  a  r  m-iLihl  int. .  1  lir 
ia.'l  !  li  ..- 1  1.1.  -1  I-  a  n.  .lu  nl  lU  .  .iinl  lli.it 
r.  .11^,  ,aa  'i' '  \    la-    .aim..;        in.  at  -arntirnl 

I  .  an  ai.  '1  1  -  la.  1  al'>  '  '  ri  nit.  I  hit  it 
-1  rni>  ni.'lr  ]il'..niiiir  tllai  .11  tin-  M  I'-r.  a> 
.aii|i:irriili>  liMwiaii-  111  tin-  rliaplrr.  u  r 
lai\  e  ri-h-  '  1 .1  t  :a-  (  ,  .i-iiiilnaii  hi'.'-  I  "aiil 
Iia^  .-11  nliiii  .-ani,  wiih  a  Iniu'li  nf  iiniiv. 

;  ■■  •  (•    'a;  ,a.'   I.' '  yr   <i  '        ':>/'  —  (  1  tniie>. 
fill    aN  1111]  a  .  ill  ell.  vi  -  lii.it  w  r  are  ius- 
tilieil   HI  ^•i-lirrliiu:  oiiw/un'  on.  ,ti"..  I>e 
a  cl.aini  nf  tlir  Coriiitiii.iii-     \\\-  Lii. 
ivi.M    ^ay — Ih'il  .(//    /..i.-i-  l:.:''Uii\lfii\ 

I '!  hi.,  i-  a  ■■  \\  1--1' "  elinia;li  (  51.  ami  1- 
iifle'i  twitteil  hy  I'aill  fur  it~  enneiil  of 
wi'-iloni  t  IV.  ID).  I  lie  ■.ripiel  ^h..,\-  that, 
a-  a  iniilter  of  f.aet.  tlu>  .lai  .'  rl  ii..^-e.-s 
tlii^  ka  .u  li'dpe  (  \  rr.  ~  i 

11  1!  I'l  'Miy  la-ia  arimr-  I'an!,  kn. iwleili^e 
i-  n  •  rii.-'iij'i  ihat  alnnr  will  not  take  the 
I'l'ir.li  \  1  r\  lar  ..11  tin  u  i\  t  .  r. i i nratii m. 
Knowledge  pufls  up,  it  is  love  h.ve 
..i'  i\ir  ,t  1  and  ni  ihi   hiailinn  (  n-r, 

I I  I -  - that  builds  up   (in    'O     lin'aii.  n 

!  a'li!  i.hluMf.ai  th.-lt  1>  thr  r..MT,,M 
\|.|r  l.n. .«  h  .!..;e  m.aki  11. .  <;i'-.^t:!  1: 1 : .:/  ..-..n- 
1 1  ihiM  1.  Ill  In  till-  I'hina-h  1  lal  ran  iiii'>  lir 
■ !.  I  .-  !i .  1.  .\  ■■■  \  ill  i  la  ill  i|iu  ~!  a  .1 1.  1-  I.r 
ill  . I  iiiiih  r  ill -an- .-11  I'l.  ran  la. I  h-  (i.ri.!.-i| 
null')  I'll  it^  ii.Mt  llii'il-  It  I-  a  i|iir-!i.iii 
diai  a"'.-i  '  -  ll.i  ■■  1-1 .  ill.  t:  "  (  .  r.  ill.  and 
I  .iiU'  ■  '•.  ■ .  a  .  1.  a  .  ill. -111.  eaii  rrarh  a 
I  /..-,..         .an-. .11     "  ki,. -u  I.  .lur."  a-  llrii- 

'  ..^rl  u  111  11  1, ^.  "i.iii_\-  >,.\  '  All  l!riii;>  ;iri' 
hiuan'  for  ip.  l.ivi  adiN.  "  Init  :i'l  tliiiii;.; 
a  .)  i.^il:  I  y.  .:.;i. 
3.  If  any  ..t  ynn  ( 'orintln.in-.  wlm 
..niipiKe  th.-lt  kiionirdLti',  iinilhiiiiin.itrd  liy 
love,  will  K  .id  yon  in  .111  rdiiyiiii;  <leei-iiiii 
nil  Miih  n  (iiiestioii  —  if  any  m.iii  imagines 
that  he  has  complete  1  pf  1  knowledge 
of  anything,  he  has  not  yet  won  the 
proper  kind  of  knowledge:  fnr  thr  iimprr 
l.iiid,  thr  ktpil  111-  i.nehi  1  iVi' 1  1..  h  \r,  i< 
llia!    f. -f   nlila  ali.  n.   alal   that    ra.~i    h,  jn- 

>liireil  hy  love  tef.  ell.  .\iii).  But  if  any 
man  LOVES  God,  this  is  the  man  —  and 


(  H.  Vlil] 


I  COKIXTIIIAXS. 


55 


4    A''  ( I 'lu-t  riiiiii;  iliori  lcn  i'  the  i  :ilinj{  of 

tlici-c  tlniiu~  lli;it  ;tri-  olliTnl  iii  ■-.u-riru-o 
mil..  111..!-,  uf  kimw  tli.it  .111  i.l..!  i.\  11..1I1- 
iiii;  111  till-  u.irlil.  .111.1  lil  .t  //;.  ).  ,^  11. .!n- 
ullu  r  '  i'.il  hilt  mil 

3    l  or  til.  .null  lli.  rr  W  tli.it  .ire  ,Mii«  ■• 
Ko(i».  wIuiIkt  in  luaviii  i.r  in  i  irili. 
tiliTc   lie-  Ill:.ii>,  .111. 1   |.>r.K  lli.iiivl 

0     Ifiit  to  lis  III, I,-  ;.»■  I'ut  ..11.    (1..1I,  l!'.- 


I  F;illuT.  t.f  wlioitl  ill.  aii  lliiiin-.  aiiil  Wi- 
ill  liini  ;  ,111.1  ..lie  I...1.!  J,  -ii-  i  liri-l.  liy 
\^''"iii  ..'V    lil  liiiiiys.  ami        liy  liiin. 

7  1 1.  •»  li.  11  / ,  .  .  .i  111  ,  , .  •  Ml. in 
lli.il  kii.  .u  li'.l'.:.  i..r  ii;.  vviili  i-..i;  .-i.-ii.-r 
"t  lli.'  111"!  mil.,  lliu  :  ..i;i  .  ,i|  ii  ,1-  a  lliinj; 
"!l<r..l  im;'..  .111  .tint  ihi'ir  i-oiisviciico 

i..'iiiir  « .  k  1-  .i.  i.;.  .1 


11.  it    till-   OtlUT   wllo    .    .        W  .■  -h'.-lM 

pi'i't    till'    M-nli'llct'    to    (■..iitimir.  "kii..us 

1 1  nil."  or  "km  .\v>  a-  \\v  .  .ii^lit  10  kii.  w  "  . 
iiisti.iil  \vi  li.iw.  is  known  by  Him.  I  lu- 
ilii|ilu-.ili.i||  111.  iloal.t  Is  lli.il  llu-  kii.'u;- 
iil).;.-  of  the  iii.ni  wli..  lo\is.  .iiiiiruMinaii  - 
at  li-:ist  1..  til.  iriir  kn.iuli-.|'.^i  :  Imt  tin- 
apo-tli'  |iri'l'cr-,  liy  ilk-  iiiu'\|i.'i-|iil  turn 
In-  ui\i  s  till'  s>  nii  iuT,  ratlirr  1.1  rail  .it 
ti'iilion  to  tin-  linnu'  ri.u.ir.l  |..r  llu  iii.in, 
as  till'  soiirci-  ..t  any  triu-  iii-iulit  ilu' 
man  iiosm^scs  l  .ir  a  m  ry  sninl.ir  ti.rii  1.1 
I'xprt-ssion,  of.  (lal.  iv.  <»  "now  that  vf 
have  come  to  know  (ioil,  or  ratlur  to  lie 
known  liy  (io<l." 

4,  5.  The  (iiscnssiiin  of  the  sacritirial 
niiats.  n.irrriiiiti'tl  ;it  llic  -itart  liy  ilk'  i-lah 
oration  of  the  contrast  iK'tnivn  kiiowk'djjo 
.iiiil  wisiloni,  i~  n..u  risitnud.  With  re- 
gard then  to  the  eating  of  things  sac- 
rificed to  idols,  we  know— in  what  i. .1 
.Us  \\.  4IM1,  ,i>  in  vor.  I.  it  is  pos-il.;.. 

'loii^'li  not  ctTl.iin  tli.it  wi'  h.ivc  an  iilio 
of,  if  not  .111  i  vtract  from  the  I'orinllii.ni 
li'llrr:  ,111.1  ilk-  conli-ssi,  ,11  ,,f  faith  in  tli. 
\.  rs.  .,  ina>  ri-)>r.  si  nt  in  rhajis  th,  \,r\ 
Wi.nK  laiiiilit  tiirin  h  .•  llu'  aposiU',  \\  ,■ 
kii..w  that  there  is  no  idol  in  the  world. 
110  iluiiii-  r.ality  111  lli.  iiiii\ir~f  to  uliuli 
llic  i<|..|  ..r  iii!,i'.,:r  .'.  .rr.-s|iomU  "  l  '\!-lrii.  f 
is  (Ifiiinl  t.i  thi-  111..!  II. li  ah-. .1:11.  Iv  1 o 
5.  X,  I'll  ),  hut  nlativtl)."  (  I'lmll.iy  ) 
'Ilk'  all.-rii.iti\ !■  f:i.is|.iii..n  ,ni  iil,  '  /> 

iii'lhiii;^  III  III.  :,'.>i7./.  h<si.!,.-  failiiii:  to 
<|i>  instiri'  to  thi'  |vlirasc  "in  thr  worM." 
i.s  i>r;n-ticall  .•  lU'Kal.  il  hy  tlu'  s.-c  ,ni|  i-l.m-,.. 
which  is  a|i|).iriiilly  iii!iiiii<i|  i..  h.ilaii.'f 
it;  and  that  there  is  no  God— ../'(.>-. 
irtpot,  ,f  A,  V.  has  aiipaniitly  ircpt  m 
from  till'  tirst  commanilinnit  -  but  one. 
Versi-  5  ipiHars  to  roli  vir,  4  ot  p.irt  of 
its  i-lT(ii  hy  ooncrdinK  tlu-  iM>ssihility.  if 
not  indt'i'd  thf  actual  existence,  in  sonu- 
sense  (Xtyiittt'Oi),  of  many  ko<1<  :  hut  at 
any  rate  not  to  the  Corinthian  Christian* 
—  /()  us  there  is  Imt  ..i/r  (  mt,  (>).  I'or 
even  supposing  there  do  exist  (<'<rii'  in 
this  clause  and  the  next  is,  hy  its  [losition, 
emphatic)  godt  so-called  whether  in 
heaven  or  on  earth,  juat  aa  there  exist 
many  goda  and  many  torda  —  .\thens 


(.\cts  Wli,  10- J?  1,  ,iti.!  II. >  .l..nht,  C"ortii<Ii, 
Wen-  lull  ..1  :r  himu.  ii  i  ..•  \\,ir(U 
h.  loni;  to  I'.ml  r.il!;.  r  I'a  .ii  t  '..rin- 

t!uill-.    tliry    Ill.l>    )..■    cMii,;;!;  ■!    i,v     \  _h» 
uli.r.     "til.     llmi'.;-    uiiifii     i...     iM'iit'I.  s 
s.uM  iti.-i-,    ih.  y    s,i,  rilH  i'    /  '    1/.  ..........    .,11. 1 

i"i    I"    <.■..!  "    til.'  k    .,11. 1    Ji  w  .lai-.f' 

II. \'-.!  ill  .1  innllitii.'u-  i.l  .U  iiii-j;- ..i-,  ..n.^.' . 

ail.!  .1.  111.  1-. 

6.  Yet.  uIi.it.MT  may  !.,•  t!i.'  ■■■iili 
all. .lit  til.'  .M-i.n.c  .1'  11  :'  >  ;.,  io  us 
Chri-ti.iii-  there  is  hm  one  God  \\ii..i:i 
.Irsii-  i,i:iu;!u  ili,  u..r.l  t.i  .-.H  the  Father, 
from  whom  as  -..arc.  .m.i  .1.  ,ii,,r  all 
things  (lit.  //ic  systini  of  tlimi;- 1  pro- 
ceed, and  we  — not  all  nu  n.  hni  uc  Clins- 

li.iii  unto  Him  as  ..nr  i;..il  .nid  end: 

and  one  Lord.  Jesus  Christ,  through 
I  whom  as  .Mc.i.itor  in  crc.iiion.  are  all 
things,  and  we  through  Him.  a-  M..I1 
alor  in  nilem|ition.  Ihe  .i|u-  (;.id  an<I 
Lord  of  this  verse  are  tile  coniiterpart  of 
til.  many  k...'s  .im!  l,.r.ls  of  \.r  5  The 
liiilii  iil.ice  lure  .is-iuned  to  (liri-t  in 
.1.1!!. .11  ,is  u.'!  a-  in  r.-.lfinpt  I.  .11  pr.  par.s 
l:i'  i'..|-  l!i.'  (  '111,1..!,,.^^  ,,|  (  ,,I    ,    |-  I  ■ 

I  h  ^  li.  M-   .1    -v.'i'.ir  i.|  a  .    Ill    I.  .hn  1 
I  l  a    1    .'.    W  .  <iv  .ii'Tiir,  niito  (ioii ; 

II'  1-  ill.  Ilia  «...ii,  .1-  II.-  1-  the  source, 
"t  oiir  life:  aii.l  we  cm  n  ,1.  h  tins  tloal 
..iil>  5i'  aeror.  tin. .null  <  liii-i  |i  i  a  c..'i 
si.j.  ra'i.  .11  ..f  tli.  t  -  , .  .ji ,  i|  i:,,a  -  tli,. 
I'l'i  "t"  "....1  .ill. I  111-  ,,!  ^,'■■1,  II.  Ilk- 
I  fact  of  t'lirisl  .111.1  11 1-  li.niJi  |,  -- that 
I  iiiaki-  t.li.Lilrx  rail.  111.  Ill-,  ami  lii.-  ..iMiiir 
I.l  f...-.l  -.icril'i.-.d  to  i.|..I-  .1  ii.|it.r  ..f 
imiillen  lice.  Siu  h  ua-  l!i.  (  •  .i  1111  lii.in 
.■..iic!ii-i..ii,  ,111. 1  !..  I  at  i',,,  ih,.  u.  .ik.-r 
hrotliiT.  ua.ii'.l  hiM'  Iicn  I'. ml'-  .-..iLlit. 
si.  .11 

'  7.  But  ,a!l  h  ill  r..!  till-  ii.-i..i>-  not  in 
all  is  this  i^?.  knuwledRe.  There  are 
some  who.  through  bemg  accustomed, 
up  till  now,  to  the  idol,  atul  conse- 
'jMcntlv  nnahle  fo  sh.ike  off  ihf  ttnpn-.;- 
sion  that  it  lias  a  certain  ri;il  rM-t',nce, 
eat  the  meat  aa  a  thing  sacrificed  to 
idols,  with  the  result  that  their  con- 
science, being  weak,  ia  stained.  I  i.c'inse 
they  feel  that  their  partakiiiR  of  siich  meat 
has  definitel>   aosociaied  them  with  the 


56 


I  CORINTHIANS. 


[Ch.  vni 


8  Hut  meat  comtncndeth  us  not  to  God: 
for  rn'itluT,  if  wi-  cat.  arc  wc  the  Iwltfr: 
neither,  if  we  cat  not,  arc  we  ?1k'  worse. 

I)  lint  i.ik<'  Inc. I  lest  I'v  .iii>  nu'aus 
tills  liliirt\  "f  xMurs  luiniiu-  a  *ttiniblinK- 
l)l«(ek  til  tlu'in  tiiat  arc  wiak. 

lo   For  if  anv  man  see  thee  which  ha-t 


knowledge  sit  at  meat  in  the  idol's  temple, 
Miall  III  it  the  i-iviiNcu'iicc  of  him  which  is 
wiak  lie  ciiilii ■liliiHil  ti)  cat  those  things 
which  arc  oiTcrcd  tn  iiloN : 

II  And  thriiiiRh  thy  knowlcdpc  shall 
the  weak  brother  perish,  for  whom  Cl-.rist 
ilied? 


idiil,  Tlifir  iMii-riiiu-c  iim\  hv  weak,  am! 
titicnlinhtiiii  il :  -till,  it  1-  "  i-oHM-icncc. 
am!  ;<-  --uch.  thiy  arc  IuiiiikI  U<  n-ixi-t 
II  —  it  iiin-t  remain  purr.  n<(.v/,(i»r,/  In 
sic.nl  111  (Ti  !■»)"«. a,  (Tii'f  i<5t){7h  (  \  \'  "with 
ciMi-cuihr  111  llii-  iiliil"i  i~  ri.nl  li>  -..nil- 
K'iimI  .MSS.  .ui'l  |in  Urrrd  liy  sinin-  -ilml.ii- 

llu'    llliilr    ililiu  illi    li  lilllli.:  ;    lull,   nil  |!:> 

(itlur  li.inil,  It  iii.iy  liavc  crept  in  iiiuKr 
tin   ii. lim  ine  (It  tlic  (rvftiSiicn  later  in  tlu 

--I  Ille'U  e. 

8.  1  lii-  \(r-e  iii.iy  I"'  rriiarilril  as  an 
e\i  l.iiiiali.iii  ..f  till'  eiilmlitriu  il  iriiitliiaii'-. 
\\  h.il  li.i-  111. at  ti>  ilii  XMili  iii-iienci  ? 
At      tile      i^l  lmin  ill       I  lleiu'e      t!u  IlltllfC 

TT.ipacrrijiTd  i  meat  will  not  affect  our 
standing  with  God.  napiarrt^t  is  a  neu- 
tral wnril;  luiu-e  Ci>mmiiidctU  (\.  V.) 
wliicli  wmili!  re(|iiire  cvvioTttm^  is  t<x) 
sirmiK.  I  lie  meaiiiiiK  is;  meat  will  not 
iiriiip  us  liefnrc  ChhI  —  it  is  not  on  such 
.111  issue  tliat  our  judgment  will  take 
place.  We  are  neither  the  worse  for 
abstaining  nor  the  better  for  eating. 
Siimc  MSS.  read  or  altered  tlir  n  m  in  ,-,r 
111,-  luilh.  r  till-  ht  ltcr  f,'r  iihsl.niiiiif;  nor 
llh-  w.-rs,'  fi>r  Citliiii;.  Tile  verlis  imply 
tli.it  iliiir  ii'i-ition  with  ("md  was  ncitiier 
<i(/,-.iii.M,.,'i  .'(i.v    {irtpivatOofuv)    nor  inferior 

(  I'tTTfpOl  uil'a  1 

9,  It  iii.iy  he,  rejiiiiis  I'.inl,  that  tlieo- 
relK'.ilK  11  iii^ideii  d  lii"d  vwll  not  attii't 
mir  -landing;  with  ('md  lint  lhi<  is  n  pr.-u- 
tied  (|iie~liiiil.  iinl  .a  ihri net ical  one;  ami 
in  the  -itn.ilidii.  .111  a'-t.  iiitineenl  in  il-elf. 
ni.av    liavc   di-.i-lr.'ii-   iiMr.d    .ind    i liji' 'ii- 

Nevertheless  be  careful 
lest  haply  this  liberty  of  yours,  en 
liijlii.  n. .!  ,1-  >■>!!  ;ite.  may  prove  a  stum- 
bling block  to  the  weak.  Nun  liaxe  in 
ei  insider  ynnr  iieii^Iihnr's  cnii'-eieiK'e.  ,1- 
.1-  \.inr  nun;  and  •^treii'.jtli  inn--;  he 
llieiiilnl  111  Wl■.d^n^--  Iluw  tar  tlii-  lili- 
criy  was  carried  and  in  what  w.iy  it 
mislit  prove  a  stumbling  block,  is  illu.s- 
trateil  hy  ver  10 

to.  ^'or  if  one  of  tlicsc  unenlightened 
Christians  sees  you.  the  person  who  is 
in  posBMMon  of  knowledge  —  Paul  ap- 
pears here  to  single  mil  some  individual 
or  indiviijiials  and  tn  address  them  di- 
rectly—reclining at  t:ih1c  in  an  idol's 
temple,  shall  not  his  conscience,  weak 


as  he  is,  be  edified,  unto  the  eating  of 
the  things  sacrificed  to  idols — "editied" 
t  i  hi-  de-triictii III  a-  iln-  next  verse  shows. 

i''r  he  is  f'1-iisliini;.  I  he  riiiholdt'iird  (of 
\  \  and  U  \  1  fur  oit,o5otiJjt)ri<r€Tat  nii-.-es 
a  dc  luati-  niiiiil.  .Xpp.ireiitly  the  "lilier.iN" 
ill  the  ('iinnlhi.iii  ehiirch  e\peeled  til. it 
viirh  i-iiiidncl  wmild  "edil)"  the  uiiker 
Im  threii  they  were  indeed  edified.  repli> - 
I'.iul,  and  rnimd  in  the  iirme--.  lHeaii--e 
ci iii~eieiu-e  had  lu  en  (lelhrmied  I  lu-ri'  o.iii 
he  1111  re.d  edilieal  ii  111  willinnl  Inve  (\ir. 
M.  I  lie  pleseiu'e  nl  ,1  I  1 1  r i - 1 1 .11 1  rei'liiiini; 
ill  a  paii;aii  iein]ili'  i-  a  rial  -nrpri-e.  .it'ler 
in.ikiiiK  lAery  allnw.inie  I'nr  the  advaiieeil 
Mews  v)i  the  eiiliKliteiieil  C"i irintliiaiis.  It 
i>  probaldy  to  be  cxpl.iiiied,  as  i'rofcssor 
W.  M.  Kamsay  has  -.uggestcd,  that  these 
Corinthians  bad  still  retained  their  mem- 
bership ill  pagan  clubs  and  .societies  (lix- 
fositor  igoo,  vol.  ii.  4.14).  Though  the 
object  of  these  clubs  would  be  non-religious 
—  otherwise  we  cannot  conceive  a  Chris- 
ti.in  thus  definitely  assiH'iatint;  hiiii-elf 
with  them  —  tlicy  lia<l  a  certain  nlimnns 
cli.iractcr:  the  ineelings  would  often  lie 
;  lu  ld  in  a  teiniile.  and  the  unity  of  the 
j  llieiiihers  -.i-aled  hy  a  i-iinininii  meal,  of 
I  which  the  lle>h  had  tir-l  lu  eii  nltercd  in 
I  sacrilice  tn  the  gnd  i>\  the  teinph 

II.    l-"dilied!  and  mined!    N'mir  kiinwl- 
eike  h,i-  de-triiyrd  Iiiin     For  the  weak 
I  man  perishes  through  your  knowledge. 
I  perhaps    hy    me.aiis   ul    ( «' )    it.    or  ninre 
I  literally,  111  thr  .•iltnnsplu  ri-  nf  y  ii/r  l 
;  ('i/.i,'!'  —        it   is  ;i   riiini'iis   inlliu  iu-e  tnr 
liiin.     I  lu'  man  01   bruad  priiu  ipK  s  nuist 
iiinsiiler,    in    luve,   the    enn-ienee   ni  his 
ii.irr.iwer  hrullur,  and    wliiK    In-  ni.iy  try 
til  ediicatc  it.  he  will  nnl  tempt  liim  in 
\  inlale  It      riie  we.ik  eoiisi  ieiu-e  "  m.iy  Ik 
a  li  ss  enlinlHeiied,  but  is  ci  rtaiiily  .1  imire 
aiillmrilative  fiiiidc,"  tlian   the  advice  or 
ex.iiiiple  of  aiiotlicr  man  can  be.  What 
aggravates  the  sin  of  this  inconsiderate 
I  example  is  that  the  man  who  is  tempted 
by  it,  is  not  only  weak,  but  a  Christian 
brother,  one   therefore  to  whom  special 
ccmsideration,  and  even  aflFection,  is  due : 
and  not  only  is  he  a  brother,  but  the 
brother  on  whose  account  Christ  died. 
The  man  is  rnnird.  wlm  might  have  been 
saved,  whom  Clirist  died  to  save.    For  his 


1  CORIXTHIAXS. 


57 


ij  lint  wlifii  yc  sin  so  anaiiist  tlu' 
britliriii.  and  wouiul  their  weak  con- 
scuiuc,       sill  a^aiiLst  Clirisl. 

1,}    U  liircforc,  if  meat  make  tiij  brutlier 


t-  ..ffcinl,  I  will  cat  n.)  llesli  vsh.lc  the 
w.irld  standcth.  lest  I  make  my  brother 


salvation.  Christ  sacrificed  Himself:  the 
champion  of  enlightenment  will  sacrilice 
iiotlimt;.  He  is  ctiKaKcd  in  the  futile  e.\- 
periineiit  of  eekinK  to  edify  hi>  lirotlur 
by  knowledge  without  love,  lint  kiiowl- 
iiii^e  alone  spells  not  only  coneeit  t  ver.  I) 
hill  ile^lriielion  i\ir.  ii).  |  1,,^  Mfse  is 
read  as  a  (|iu>tion  by  A.  V.  "and  ihroiinh 
tliy  kiiowledue  shall  the  weak  brother 
perish.-"  (/.ai  diroXcirai  (or  «i»6\\t'To« |  in- 
ste.iil  of  diroWi  Tai  ;ap\, 

12.  And  by  sinning  in  this  way 
against  the  brethren,  that  is  cai  e\iilaiiis 
whai^  1^  iiuMii!  Iiy  siiiiiinui  by  cnu-llv 
smiting  their  conscience,  in  its  weak 
sutc.  you  art  sinning  against  Christ,  i  t 
iiKiMHiKii  a,  ye  ihcl  It  whiiluT  a  kunl- 
IH  --,  ,  ,r  a  cnu  by  unto  oiic  n:'  ;!ii  !i 
o|  the-ie  ray  hii-ihriii.  \e 
(  Mat.  .\xv,  41).  I  .  .ilKl  e 
terrible  words,  ■  u  ueie  ui 
■■  that  the  ni.in  u ' 


ast 

dicl   II   in.io  Hie 
eu  lu  re.  Ill  lip  .re 
s,l\-  Jrstis. 
Ill-rs  a   liUie  oiir  !, 


stumble  should  be  drowmd  111  the  .Kpih- 
"f  the  sea '■  (.Mat.  xvih,  (u.  j  o  sihilr 
(not  ti-ound.  as  A.  \' ,  K.  \  .)  the  wi  ak 
is  cruel  and  cowardly:  such  blows  may 
destroy  (dwoWvTai  yap), 

13.  I'aiil  closes  bis  arKument  by  a  splen- 
did i)ersoiial  pledne.  He  has  knowledse. 
i>iii  In-  h  i~  also  love:  wherefore,  if  food 
causes  my  brother  to  stumble,  1  will 
assuredly  (oi)  /i^)  eat  no  flesh  forever* 
more,  lest  I  may  cause  my  brother  to 
stumble.  I  w  i>  e  in  tliis  short  verse,  .ind 
twice  111  ill,-  Ias|  lu..  verses,  the  hr,>ther 
is  iiieiitioneil  :  ii  is  tliis  lu  rsoiial  eb  inent 
tliat  turns  an  .uMdriiiu-  i|nestion  into  .-1 
vital   :,iid   |.r;u-|KMl   on,-.     Ih,-  ("..rinthiaiis 

thought    01    the    (lU.  slici,  :    I'.Hil    |l|oui;hl  of 

the  brotlur.    He  is  free  lix.  I),  but  he. 


Iiniiis  Ills  freedom  for  tlie  br,.ther"s  s.ike 
phir  .  ..I  tlu  dlltereiit  kinds  of  "  food  • 
with    s|„e;,ii    nierence  to   the  sacriticial 
llesli  III  (|iiestioii. 


I  he  question  of  the  leKitiina.  v  of  ,  at- 
I'li;  the  llesh  of  ,iiiiiiials  that  liad'l.eeii  ot- 
fcrcd  m  sacritice  no  lonner  exists  for  iis ; 
but  we  have  other  iiuestioiis  tli,.,ti,' 
iMrd-playmg,  the  use  of  wme,  et,  whuh 
present  similar  problems  to  the  (  iiris|i.,ii 
Colls,  !,  tie, .  ami  upon  w  hu  li  ^:.iod  men  .irc 
dui,l,<l,  I'.iurs  eoiiiisel.  and  even  his 
words,  ili,.ii«li  ,i.!,|re--ed  t.i  a  Very  ditTer- 
ent  situ;ili,ai.  s,,;)  .,p|,|y.  1„  ^.f^^.^.^  |,g 
s.iys  ihal  kih.ule,li.;e,  iiisinlit.  alone  does 
ro(   .,til,    ill,  s,-  ,|;i, -ti,,|,> .   tlii-y  ^-;,„  ,,„iy 

h.N  iiisiniit.  tempered'  with  love. 
1,  ./c-  /'M/^.v  Kf;  it  is  love  tli;it 


.1 


Ik  -elt: 
-Mere  kiui: 

I'Ut.ii.'i  !(/- 

str;i,-t  111 

hi  ,-ihi  rii 


SiK- 


1 

:ir. 


111, 


1  Ills 


lllll  ill, 
\  illlll 
ihe  |,r 

II.  Ul 

llier  li,i-  a  eni 
iiid  lu-  iiiu- 
respi-ets  lu. 


Ill,  111 

'■!i'!>  r-l;uii 
lirillireli. 
hr 
self 

as  I 

seek  to  tram  tlu 
will  not  smile  ii.  I 
not  to  its   rniii :  li,- 
the  broader  ouilook. 


:ire  n,  v ,  r  :ili- 
T"  -'!' "1-  tl:..t 
i\  "\  w \u>  w,.nl,|  .1,  ,-i,lc 
h'lii^iy  niii-t  11. .1  Hilly 
hni.  lu-  iiiu-l  l,,\e  tlii; 
11' 't  f,,r-,  t  tli:i!  bis 
u  lu,  .IS  v.,11  ,is  him- 
f<  ~pi  et  Ills  bniilu  r's, 
wu.    II,   wiii,  III  l..\e. 


Weak 


eoi|s,ieiu-e,  lnu  |u- 

(  will  ,-i|||y  It.  lint 
IlUl-t    s,-,-    iji.it,     V,  ull 

-    -   it   lost  s  nolle  of  Its 

aiithoritv  I  he  man  who.  l,v  his  .  \ampl. . 
would  enliRliten  another,  niiist  m.ik,-  sur,- 
Ihat  that  example  will  ii.,t  be^.  t  in, hit,  r- 
eiiee  to  moral  obli.i>ati. >ii,  or  l,,w,r  the 
'|n:il't\  ..f  Ihe  inner  life.  Tli:it  is  but 
poor  ,  iili-.alii,-mnent  wbieli  ends  by  destroy- 
ing the  brother  for  whom  Christ  died. 


58 


[Vu.  IX 


THE  Al'(  )STI.I".  Il.l.l  STK  \Ti;S  HIS  A  K<  ir  M  I'.XT  l"OU  si-:iJ' 
IJKMAL  i;V  HIS  OWN  I'KXriKl". 


\r\  i|.  >;;1p|1.  I  .mi  In  yi  HI  :  ■■■v  llii  ~ial 
1. 1  niiiir  .ipo-ilr^liip  arc  \r  in  iIm  l.i.ril 


ciiAi'i  r.u 

I     Am  I  liiit  .ill  .ipd-il'  ■■  .1111  I  iiMt  fill'?  \linr    .cii-w<i-    I'i    lliiiii    tha:    il.'  t\- 

I    II. . I    -.III   J.-!i-   (  hii-^   .i'lr   l.ori!?    aniiiir  iiir  i>  llii- 
arc  nut  jc  iii\  wiirk  in  ihc  Lmdr  i     4    H.im'   ut    iml   |«"urr  t-  rai   .iii.l  lo 

If  I  III'  nut  an  apu-lU-  itiito  utlu'r>.  |  ilriiik  ? 


I '.nil  I  hi-  .  //-.li/V  ( i\.  I-.?). 

Paul  'liuu-.  Ill  tlii^  >-Iiai'ii  1  tli.il  tliy  iirm- 
ciplc  ul  sili-iU  iii  il  lur  tin-  l)iuilu  r'-i  >ako 
uhu-ll  Ik'  li.i-  m:-I  '-r.il  iImum  (Mill,  lie  li.i- 
Iiiiiim  Ii  |irai-tK-(  tl  I'V  n-l'M-iiiK  I'laiiii  Ir.  .ni 
ihi-  (  urintiiiait  fliiirili  tin-  tnainti'iiaiici'  tu 
wliii-li.  a^  a  iiriai'li.  r.  lu  u.i-  i  iUitl<-<l.  .\ii<l 
llu>  !,  liiin  1' '  I  li  ;  I.  .r  ,1  iiiMiii,  111 
frmn  lii^  iiiair  ar.LiiiiiHiil  t"  tlic  (kliii-i-  uf 
In-  riu'l't- 

I.  If  Paul  ritraiii>  frmii  tip-  iiu.it  lli.it 
li.iil  1.1.11  ..II.  r.. I  t..  i.l.''>.  It  i"r  In- 
li'..ili.r\  -all.  .an. I  ii..l  Imciii-i  lie  i-  ii"t 
.■■I  lil.<  riy  I..  |iail,iK.'  ul  it:  I.t  am  I  not 
free?  .\ii.I  tu  >.i>  ii..tlini.i;  ut  my  fni'(l..ni 
a-  a  (■jni-liaii  man.  uli'.in  Clni-t  lia-  ri--  ' 
ill. 111.. 1  I'r.iin  li.  .ii.la:^c  (\ii.  -'i--'.il  t.i  all 
I  \ii  111  i'l\  iiiip.  I -I'll  law.  am  I  not  an  apos- 
tle, anil,  a-  ^lU'li,  ill  pu-.>issiun  of  s]ii'i-i.il 
riKlit--.  (  A.  \'.  wrunnly  n-viTM".  the  uriKr 
uf  tln-c  (Hii'Ntiuii-  (  N'ur  can  \oii  duiilit 
my  claim  to  iipustli'-liip.  for  I  possess  the 
(|ii.ilitu-ation  that  is  acknowlcdKod  to  he 
fsstntial  —  have  I  not  seen  Jesus  our 
Lord?  I'aiil  olaiiiK  lu  lia\c  had  iiiy-lu' 
"  visions  and  rrvi  lati. iii-  uf  tin  I.. .rd"  (j 
Cor.  \ii.  I  ).  anil  at  impurtam  ori-cs  to 
liaM'  Imn  a.Mris.M(l  hy  lliiii  in  .1  vision 
<.r  ir.iiii-.'  t  .\.'t-  xviii.  n.  xxii.  171;  he 
ri  lVrs  here,  however,  not  t.i  these  e\|ie- 
rieiiees.  hiit  to  ili.it  vision  ..f  the  Lunl  ..n 
1m-  «a>  lu  I '.ini.i-i-ii-  uliu  li  -tarted  him 
.in  In-  CImi-Iliii  .-.ircer  I  \rl-  i\.  iT.  nmi. 
S-iol.  The  apu-tUs  niii^t  he  witness.  -  tu 
the  re^iirreetiuii.  .iiid  this  wa-  tin-  .  \pe- 
rieiua-  tli.il  pr.'  .  nimently  e.  .ii-i  itiil.-.l  I'  liil 
a  wilii.---  Ill  ilu  nature  uf  the  ea-e.  Iuav- 
(■\ .  1 .  ill:-  |.r....|  i.f  111-  :ipu-ll.  -liiii.  lu  iie.: 
-iiliii'i'lue.  v\.i-  11. 't  1.1  V. '11.1  til.'  pu--iliilily 
of  .■h.ilIeiiKe  eun-i'.pi.  inly  I'a'il  dirn  t-  tlie 
roriiithi:m-  to  ,1  tiruuf  whieh  i-  heyuiid 
.-iliIiHl;.-      Ir-  .'un  ill  e-t.ahii-hiii,u 

til,-  .■hiM.-'i  ,!•  Ca.;:;'.  are  not  ye  your- 
selves ii'>"is»  my  work  in  the  Lord? 
I  111'  work  was  done  111  the  Lord  (cf.  iv. 
15'- 

a,  3.    Paul's  aposflcship  had  evidently 


lieen  ehalleiii;eil.  pu-sjlily  liy  th.  pailv  uf 
I'ltir  ..r  ut  l"liri-t  (1  ul.  .-ind  li.  -Iiuws 
llic  laliiily  ..l  tlie  ehalleiii;e.  Ili-  .l.ir.ie- 
l..rs  li.ad  II. . I  up.  II.  .1  lli.  ir  <  ye-  l.'  ilu- 
I'.iet-.  If  to  others  in  1';.  .>.  -  ..l  "ili- 
er-  -  I  am  no  apostle,  yet  at  any  rate 
to  you  I  am  .  n.  .  for  you  are  yourselves 
iiniis)  the  seal  .aii.l  i.;iiai  am  of  my 
apostleship  in  the  Lord.  This  is  my 
defense  to  those  who  examine  me:  ilie 

^\i.ril  njahpu'Oi  tiu'  siiiii:.--!-  a  -.  ni:  ■  'lu  i.il 
.  N  iiniti.iiii.n  (ii-e.|  ia  Luke  win.  IJ  ul 
I'llaii'-  I  s.iinniatiuii  "f  l'lin-t»  and  -Iiu\v- 
li.iw  -I  riuii-ly  r.iiir-  el.anii^  were  lu  iiiv; 
(  .•lit.  -t.  d.  The  this  puiiits  rather  hack  than 
|..rwaril;  the  lurinthi.in  church  (ver.  j) 
is  itself  the  proof  of  Paul's  apo>tle»liip. 
What  follows  is  not  a  defense,  hut  a  series 
of  claims. 

fn  the  followinR  verses  (4-1  Sa>  I'.'ml 
asserts  his  rights,  as  an  apostle,  clahorately 
and  emphatically,  which  m.ikes  all  the 
mure  impressive  his  ileliherate  refusal,  for 
the  sjospel's  sake,  to  avail  himself  of  those 
rights  05h-l9>. 


Til,'  Minister's  Nights  (ix.  4-'5a). 

4.  We  have  a  right,  have  we  not,  to 
eat  and  drink  ..i  the  .-. .-i  tlu'  i-Ii'ir.-h 
(cf.  M;irk  vi  lui.  i'lii--  ili.iptev  i-  e.'ii 
iieeted.  Iiy  il-  einpha-i-  .111  'touict,  uiili  tlu' 
1,1-t  'ef.  viii  1)1.  liiil  til.'  .i.|.l;i!uti  ul  i/mi:/.' 
-liuw  -  that  llie  .pu  -ti.iii  ..f  -  irnl'h'i  il  iiu-.at 
i-  nu  l.'im.T  iiii.lir  .h-eii--i  ii  Ilu-  oii- 
t.  \l  (i-f.  \er,  71  iii.ike-  It  iiit.im  lli.it  he 
1-  r.'f.  rniii;  I  ■  ill'-  niainii  naii.'i'  ..f  the 
iiiini-try  hy  the  ehiireli.  I'>y  r,  ,•  he  pn-h- 
ahlv  mrriiis.  nut  speei.illy  himself  and 
r..irii.ih.i-    (\er    (<),   hnt    himself   and.  in 

11.  r.il.  the  utiiers  wli.i  :issi-.t  him.  lie  is 
.i.iiii'ile— .  Iiuwexer,  lhillki^^>  ni'.re  partic- 
ularly uf  himself:  frum  \er.  i5«to  end  of 
chapter,  the  l-t  per-  .vni.i,'.  i-  used.  The 
chiini  of  the  riuht  to  eat  .nnd  drink  is  a 
modest  one.  like  the  petition,  "Give  us  our 
hrcad  for  the  day." 


Ch.  IX] 


I  CORINTHIANS. 


S9 


5  Have  we  not  pinvcr  to  lead  almiit  a 
sistiT,  a  wife,  as  well  as  other  apustlos, 
aiH'  as  the  brethren  of  the  Lord,  ami 

CVplias  ? 

(>  Or  I  only  ami  |!,irn,ilin<,  Imve  not  we 
powiT  to  fcrlic.ir  workiMK? 

7  W  lio  Kiiiili  a  warlaro  any  time  at 
his  i>un  iliaryo-  who  plantrlli  a  viiuv.iril. 
anii  iMtitli  tii>t  of  the  frujt  tiicreof?  or 


8  Say  1  these  thinns  as  a  man?  or 
saith  tioi  tlie  law  the  -aine  aNii? 

<»  l  or  II  i>  wrilliii  \'.\  the  law  of  Moses, 
Tlitiii  >halt  not  inii//le  ilic  moiitli  of  live 
ox  that  treailetli  out  the  corn.  Doth  God 
take  eare  t'l  ir  om  ii  ' 

10  ()r  s.iith  he  it  altoKetlur  for  our 
-akes?  for  our  s.iki  ■-.  no  ijoiilit,  tliis  is 
wrilten-    iIm!    he    ih.i'    j'l' 'iinlietli  sh-'uli 


who  ft  edetli  a  lloek,  ami  laletli  not  ol  the  .  plouyh  in  ho|ie ;  am!  th.il  he  tliat  thre-helli 
niilk  of  the  Hock?  I  in  hope  should  lie  partaker  of  his  jiojH'. 


5.  We  have  a  right,  have  we  not, 

not  only  to  marry,  but  to  take  about  with 
lis  on  our  nn--~,  narv  tour-,  at  the  expense 
of  tlie  einircli,  a  Christian  wife  (Ul. :  a 
sistt-r.  that  is,  a  Christian  sister,  ii.v  a  zcifr^, 
as  well  as  the  rest  of  the  apostles,  mo-t 
of  wlK'ni,  aecorchni;  to  tin-  iioIk-i',  mu-.t 
have  hitn  ni.iTrud.  ancj  aceouipaund  on 
their  toiir^  hy  livir  wm-;  and  the 
brothers  of  the  Lord  (  Mark  vi.  ,i  i  wlio 
are  certainly  to  lie  ih-liuum-heil  fri.in  ilie 
twelve  lef.  .\et>.  i.  l(i.  in  -pile  of  the 
fact  that  I'vUT,  who  i>  !a-t  iiieiilioiR-d  hv- 
ioiim-d  to  ih,;t  ho.ly.  (If  ihi-f  hroiher-. 
the  most  con-pieuou^  w:i~  James  ( (111.  i. 
I<),  ii.  <)),  leader  of  tile  Jeni-aiem  eluireli  ; 
and  Peter  (C  epha-i  separately  nientioiied 
hecaii^e  hi-  name  wa>  specially  familiar  and 
his  example  no  duuht  frequently  quoted  in 
Corinth  (i.  u). 

6.  Or  is  it  only  Barnabas  and  myscii 
that  have  not  the  ri^ht  of  exemption 
icom  manual  toil?  rp-nife<rea«  slll4.^e-ts 
mnmial  lahor:  it  is  u-;ed  of  vineyard  work 
(Mat.  x\i  jS)  and  of  tent  niakinp,  which 
was  I'aui's  work  (.\cts  xviii.  .3).  I'aul 
and  I'arnaln-i,  now  separated,  are  often 
mentioned  in  a--ociatioi;  ( .\cts  x\.  }o,  xiii. 
2.      ( iai.  ii.  <i  t. 

7.  I  he  ehnm<.  then,  whu  li  nii;:ht  have 
been  lejiiiim.ilely  nriiiil  hy  I'auI  wire 
thrie:  for  his  own  maintenanee.  for  tin' 
iiKiinten.Miee  .mil  travelinir  exinii-e-  of  his 
w  iii  .  and  tor  e\.  miii!;i  ai  manu.il 
lahor.  lie  priuiiil-  1.1  inMii\'  ihi -e  claiiiis 
by  sover.al  r.  a  v!.  i\.i!i  ai~.  lir-ti\.  I'\  a;:- 
alouy.  Who  ever  serves  as  a  soldier  at 
his  own  expense?  v^ii:^,  priiiHir;!, 
soldier's  1  I';',  ii,v.  i!-.,  u  ht-  /mv.  Ihe  (  hii-- 
tian  minister  i<  a  s.ihh.r.  wh\  shoulii 
hi'  not.  like  .any  other  -Mar,  ■  !';.;ii  a  ted 
by  tho-e  in  wim-e  lii  hali  'a-  ,  ai'  r-  ^l:- 
serviei  -  Who  plants  a  vineyard  and 
does  not  eat  the  fruit  thereof?  N  ih  .dy. 
lias  then  li  .  aimsth-.  w  lio  pkant-  a  eliureii. 
not  the  riyht  to  fare  as  wall'  Or  who 
shepherds  a  flock,  and  does  not  eat  of 
the  milk  of  the  flock?  I  he  apost!,  ,  ha- 
also  a  llock  to  feed :  has  he  not,  like  the 


shepherd,  the  riRht  to  live  hy  it?  The 

mav  sm;i;est  a  sji.ire,  or  Derii.ip-;  the  source 
of  his  recompense,  which  may  have  t;iken 
other  forms  (cf.  ia«Ui^  besid'es  milk:  but 
in  il'fect  the  meaning,'  differs  little  from 
tlie  ilinct  .iccusalive  hapnof,  point  of 

'he  \erse  Is  ih.it  workmen  h,a\e  .1  rii^lit  to 
h  -  rewai.led  tor.  or  to  share  ill  the  pro- 
leeds  of.   iheir  toil:   Christian  ministers 

I'lnn  no  exeeptinu 

8,  ga.  liut  for  this  view  of  their  services, 
there  is  hi-lier  warr.int  than  human  an- 
al,i-y:  ila  iv  i,  seriptare.  Do  I  say  these 
things  merely  as  a  man  —  wiih  merely 
aailHiiiiN  or  does  the  law  not 
say  this  as  well?  ar-ununt  CMild  al- 

ways he-  cleiieiud  hy  ;i  t|iiot;iiion  from  tlie 
•  •111  restameiit.  'I  he  l.r„\  which  cm  iie 
aliplied  to  the  whole  of  the  Old  Test.m.ent 
(to  psalms,  e.R,  in  Jolm  x.  ,54,  \v.  to 
pi'.piiecy  in  I  C'or.  xiv.  Jl  I,  is  here  sp.  cif- 
i  aily  the  law  of  .]fiis,-s.  that  is  I'etitateueh. 
For  in  the  law  of  Moses  it  stands  writ- 
ten. "Thou  shah  not  muzzle  an  ox  that 
is  threshing"  (Dent.  xxv.  4).  The  thn  sh- 
iii!,'  was  perforttied  chiet'y  in  two  ways, 
i  iilu  r  hy  the  feet  of  the  cattle  trea>'inK  out 
l!ie  Corn,  or  hy  ;i  sh  d.iie  driven  over  the 
threshinu  Poor.  "  The  most  coTmnon  mode 
of  threshin-  i-,  with  the  ordinarv  sl.ib  called 


)«('.•.)  i-y,  which  is  lii.iw 
a   horse  or   \ ,  !,e   o|   . . 
the  grain  is  shelled 
self  Is  cr.iund  into  cli 
iti:i!id  of  ^^.se';  not  to 
tri  ,ai!elh  out  the  c  Til  i 
I'a.   .'.IV  ■ 
■  r  the 
fr  Ml  till'  ll 


■  '',1. 
la.l 


r  ,iy 

It.   '11-    Hot  only 
ut,  hut  tlie  straw  it- 
hat'f  .  .  .  The  com- 
mn/;'!e  the  ox  that 
Iiti  r,illy  obeyed  to 


liy  1110-!    i,ariiiers,  ;iiid  yoii  often 
xeii  til, it  ilr.iu  the  mow  rej  eatiiip 
r  ,as  they  re\ol\f.    There  arc 


.ml  s,  liow  e\ '  r, 
rill  1111-011.    i  he 


who  (/i)  iiiu:- 
l„nid  and  the 


mn^anllv  pe.a 
the  ON  ■•  1 
I'.-  k.  IV  ;4oi. 

gb,  10.  .\ow  w!  ,it  Is  tile  !ne,attint:  of 
such  a  law  -  Is  it  for  the  oxen  that  God 
careth?  or  does  He  (ted:  <t  nerliaps  it, 
the  l,aw.  si  riptare)  not  clearly  firdi'Tu't,  hy 
.dl  fii.ir-i  say  it  on  OUR  accoum?  'h,i't 
is,  tint  on  iieaii's  .accoiitit.  lae  .  iMiit  of 

Christian  ministers,  such  as  I'aiil.   To  the 


60 


I  CORINTHIANS. 


[C  h.  IX 


II  If  ui-  li.iM'  ^Mwti  iiiitK  >'in  -iiint\i.ii 
tliini;~.  IS  il  :\  yriat  tiling  if  Wi'  ^Ii.ill  ri.ip 
Vi  ir  r.irn.il  llniii;^' 

I J  If  i.ihir^  lir  p.irt.ikir-  i.f  //;;.,■  p(.v\ir 
i>\iT  lur  iinl  we  r.itlur!'    N'lv  irilic- 

Ic^'!  \M'  have  MDt  ii'-rd  llii^  power;  Imt  -iif- 


I  t<T  all  t1iinK-<.  lest  we  should  hin<l«r  the 

t-i'sprl  ui  Ciiri<t. 

I(     |)ii    >i    n..t    kiiiiw    llal    liny  wliirll 

niini-tiT  ali"iil  lii.ly  tliiiiys  livi'  >>f  //ir 
\lhiiii;s  I'f  tlu"  linip'i''  they  which  wait 
I  at  the  altar  arc  partakirs  with  the  altar? 


fptolion,  "  U  il  fur  llu-  iiscii  that 
cans,"  Paul  dearly  cvpn  l^  the  an^wiT  A''. 
Il  In  just  as  plain  lli.il  ihe  mily  answer 
that  accnis  willi  l!  e  -pirit  >if  llie  Old  l  es- 
tanieiil.  is  an  aHiMiiali\e.  (I'^l  diies  must 
assiireiliv  can'  P^r  llie  nxen  and  ii"t  (Hily 
on  oiir  acciMiiil.  Iml  mi  lluii  iumi.  ( )ld 
■rcslaiiu  iit  leyislali' ill  uas  ii.iljly  iiiercilnl 
to  tlic  liiasts.  A  rikiliteniis  in. Ill  cared  Pt 
the  life  (if  his  heasl  (  I'mv.  xii.  lol.  (i.  .l 
caused  the  ^;ras•;  Id  ^row  fur  the  cattle 
(  I's.  civ.  Ml.  Ik-  wives  to  the  heasl  liis 
food,  and  tn  the  yuuii^  ravens  whicli  i  ry 
(Ps.  cxivii.  9),  anil  he  spares  Nineveh, 
with  its  "much  caitU  "  (Jonah  iv.  II ). 
Jesus  shared  this  view  of  the  dumb  crea- 
tion—  the  hirds  and  the  sheep.  Paul's 
question  here  is  touched  by  the  Rabhiiiisin 
in  which  he  had  been  trained:  but  th<nit:h 
his  intcrfrctatioit  of  the  (lassaije  is  hardly 
just  to  the  spirit  of  the  Old  Tcstatneiit, 
his  att^iftJtioii  of  it  is  siiiKiilarly  happy. 
As  the  ox  niiist  not  lie  inii//leil.  Imt  must 
be  free  to  feed  as  he  does  his  hard  work 
upon  the  thresliin«-tlo'  r,  so  nuist  the  Chris- 
tian minister  Ik  free  io  "  lat  and  drink" 
at  the  cost  of  the  church  for  vvliicli  he 
works.  Yes,  it  was  for  our  sake  it  was 
written,  to  wit,  that  the  plower  ought 
to  plough  in  hope  and  the  thresher  to 
tliresli.  in  hope  of  sharing.  This  is  liy 
some  regarded  as  a  citation  from  some 
lost  apoiTNplial  honk,  lint  llie  clause  is 
rather  r.rl'liiiialory  of  the  preceiliiiu  ipiota- 
tion  ("to  wit  that"),  than  causal  ("lie- 
caitsc."  as  R.  V.  takes  it).  In  that  case 
the  plouer  and  the  thresher  are  i)rimarily 
to  he  iiiiderstood  of  the  ox.  and  secondarily 
of  the  Christian  teacher.  The  true  reading 
appears  to  he  '"•i  6  aXoipc  (with  dXod*.  jiov- 
erned  by  <0€<X«i,  understooil)  i^'  rov 
furixfi:  A.  V.  rests  on  a  confused  rending 
Hal  o  dXowv  r^i  cXirtSot  lurixup  iw'  iXwiSt 
(and  he  that  threshcth  in  hope  should  be 
partaker  of  his  hope) — a  reading  appar- 
ently due  to  the  mistake  of  supposing  that 
furtx*'*  was  directly  governed  by  oifxiXn 
(ought  to  share),  a  mistake  which  in- 
volved further  alteration  and  expansion. 
The  principle  of  the  verse  is  that  the 
worker  shmild  be  relieved  from  all  anxiety, 
(iipiui  a :  he  nnist  he  able  t«>  cherish  the 
"hoiK'  of  sharinK." 
It,  la.   After  appealing  tu  scripture. 


Paul  now  appeals  t"  llie  cniniiii'li  sense  of 
the  Corinthians;  ;ind  liy  .iii  iliectue  jiix- 
ta|>osition  of  .M-  .and  I  ^M«it  i7m<'», 

i/iuii'),  he  produces  ;i  coiitr.isi  which  it  is 
imposMhle  P>  n  iipidnce  i:i  l-'nL;ltsli.  If  WE 
sowed  spiritual  things  for  YOU,  is  it  a 
great  thing  if  WE  shall  reap  YOUR  car- 
nal things?  r.esides  the  cintiast  liclwecn 
:C('  and  you,  there  .are  the  further  contr;ists 
lietween  the  si'-^iii};  and  the  rcating,  and 
Intwien  the  j/'/m/iiij/  ;ind  the  carnal.  The 
s'  wer  has  a  riRlit  to  look  for  a  harvest: 
surely  no  one  would  Rrudge  him  a  harvest 
of  so  inferior  a  kind  as  that  which  he 
claims.  It  is  no  great  thing  if  one  who 
brought  them  the  unspeakable  gift  of  the 
gospel  should  have  the  paltry  recompense 
of  •  'o.it  ami  drink,  especially  as  others, 
wii.i    less   cLiiiii,   IkiiI   enjoyed   it;   for  if 

others  share  in  the  right  over  you,  of 
which  I  speak,  do  not  we  yet  more?  for 

r.inl  was.  in  a  nniqne  si'  ■  .  the  father 
of  the  Corinthian  church  (i  ;,).  He  has 
argued  with  skill  and  forcv  r  the  right 
to  tliese  privileges  and  exen  'tions;  but, 
he  goes  on,  we  made  no  use  of  this 
right:  instead,  we  put  up  with  all  sorts 
of  things,  such  things  as  he  enumerates 
in  iv.  1 1  ff. —  hunger,  thirst,  persecution, 
the  contempt  of  the  world.  And  his  rea- 
son for  refusing  to  av;iil  himself  of  what 
he  coidd  li.ive  rightly  cl.ilmed  is  that  we 
may  offer  no  kind  of  (tii>')  hindrance  to 
the  gospel  of  Christ.  His  self-denial  in 
ch.  viii.  was  for  the  brethren's  sake,  here 
it  is  for  the  gospelV  s;ike.  Had  he  insisted 
iipiin  his  rights  as  a  Chri.stian  minister, 
the  'good  news'  might  have  been  misun- 
derstood: the  gospel  must  be  allowed  to 
shine  in  its  own  light,  and  no  conduct  of 
his,  however  innocent,  must  be  allowed  to 
ohsnire  it  (cf.  2  Cor.  xi.  7-ii). 

13.  The  argument  for  the  right  of  the 
Christian  minister  to  maintenance  he  now 
strengthens  still  further  by  an  appeal  to 
the  practice  of  the  priests.  Do  yxm  not 
know  I  cf  ver  j<), —  yon  wise  men  oneht 
to  know  —  that  those  who  are  engaged 
in  the  sacred  offices  eat  the  things  that 
come  from  the  sacred  place  (that  is,  the 
temple),  and  that  those  who  attend  upon 

{raprSpfiotTtf,  ci.   vii    ,(5.   ro  ei'TrdpeiSpo)'  t^' 

KvfUif)  the  altar  have  their  portion  with 
the  iHar?  That  is,  the  fire  claims  part,  and 


Ch.  IX] 


I  CORINTHIANS. 


61 


14  Even  so  hath  tin-  Lord  ordaiiu-d  that 
they  which  prcadi  thr  n(>s|nl  -houlil  hvc 
of  the  gospel. 

15  lint  I  have  itsrd  ikhu'  "f  tlu-c 
things:  luithcr  liavc  I  wrilliii  iln>c  tliiiiv;--. 
that  If  should  he  mp  d^nc  n.itu  iiif:  for  /.' 
'iCrrr  hillir  I'mT  iiu'  in  iir,  ili.m  that  an> 
mail  slioidd  make  my  v;lMryiiii;  \..id. 

id  I'mt  thoni;h  I  picuh  the  t;"-|><  !,  I 
have  nothing  to  nlory  of:  for  iu'ei>-ity  is 


laid  upon  me;  yea,  woe  is  unto  nie.  if  I 
preach  iKit  the  gDsipcl! 

17  For  if  I  do  this  thi»K  williiiKly,  I 
liave  a  reward:  but  if  aKaiiist  my  will, 
a  (hoiK-nsation  of  the  gosfcl  is  oominitted 
nni..  me 

1^  \\  !Mt  1-  my  reward  Ih.  1,  '  I  .  rily 
'liai.  wli.n  I  iTr.uli  the  Ko,].,!.  I  iiiav 
mak.-  till  L;i.-i.el  of  (.  hri^i  uithoiit  eliarwe. 
tliat  I  ahn>c  not  my  power  in  the  guiipel. 


the  rest  goes  to  tlic  friests.  Some  suppose 
that  the  reference  of  the  first  elanse  i>  to 
heathen  practice,  otlurs  to  the  Lcviles: 
more  prohahly,  however,  l»th  clauses  refer 
to  tlie  Jewish  prie>ts. 

14,  15a.  '1  lie  prmeiple  of  this  law  of 
the  oh!  eovenaiit — that  he  wlio  is  en«ai;ed 
in  sr.ored  offices  shoidd  he  maintained  — 
is  c  nhrmed  hy  JeMis.  So  also  did  the 
Lord  —  not  God.  hut  Jesns  —  ordain  for 
those  who  proclaim  the  gospel,  that  they 
should  live  from  the  preaehinR  of  the 
gospeL  '1  lie  workman,  said  Jesus,  de- 
serves his  food  (Mat.  x.  10)  or  his  waijes 
(Lnke  x.  7).  Jesus,  wlio  cime  to  "  fullil  " 
the  law  (iMat.  v.  17)  fnlfi'lcd  it  here  also. 
But  aa  for  me  t^-yu),  says  Paul,  I  have 
made  no  use  of  thcae  things,  of  these 
rights  which  he  has  so  elaborately  defended 
by  appeals  to  analogy,  scripture,  common 
sense,  Jewish  practice,  and  the  ordinance 
of  the  Lord.  This  has  been  his  settled 
practice  {Kixn/un,  pf.)  to  make  no  use  of 
them  —  a  more  comprehensive  statement 
than  <xpnffiM«*»  (aor.)  vcr.  u.  It  is  inter- 
esting to  note  how  a  word  of  Jesus  settles 
the  matter.  With  this  appeal  the  discussion 
is  closed. 


PauFs  Renouticemchf   and  Reward  (ix. 

I5l>-i8). 

15b.  Paul  li.is  arj:ne<l  so  warmly  and 
com  inciiiKly  for  his  rights  ns  a  (.'li'risti.in 
minister  that  the  statiineiit  of  his  refn-al 
to  .avail  himself  of  tho-e  riKhl>  eoiues  a^  a 
sudden  surprise.  He  has  argued  the  ca-e 
for  others  — the  minister  is  eutilled  to  the 
support  of  the  church  which  he  serves. 
But  the  Corinthians  net  '  not  he  afr.iid 
that  he  is  arguing  for  himself;  the  rights 
•which  he  has  defended  he  re'ini].:i-::e.  in 
his  own  case.  Now  my  object  in  writing 
this  (f)rpafa,  I  icrite,  epistolary  aorist)  is 
not  tiiiat  such  steps  (that  is,  for  my  sup- 
port) be  taken  in  my  case.  Not  I  had 

rather  die  than  :  he  cannot  bear  even 

to  utter  the  thought  that  is  in  his  mind  — 
"than  live  at  the  expense  of  a  church 


whieh  contests  my  right  to  maintenance" 

 so  he  goes  on:  (this)  boast  of  mine 

no  man  shall  make  void— the  l«iast, 
namely,  tli.it  he  priK-laittied  the  gospel  for 
nothing.  The  ahriiiit  turn  thus  given  to 
the  sentence  is  very  effeelive.  though  it  must 
lie  admitted  that  this  p.irtieular  kind  of 
elhp-e  i>  wry  iinusu.il.  if  not  iiuparall-  led. 
It  may  partly  he  explained  hv  the  faet  that 
Paul  is  dictating.  The  great  variations  in 
tlie  .\1S.S.  show  ih.it  tlie  early  t-anserihers 
were  perph  \ed.  Instead  of  oi'cVi'i,  presnp- 
p<ised  hy  the  ;ih.  ive  t  i  aiisl.it  i.  .11,  iva  rit  is 
read  in  some,  the  following  mtI)  being  read 
either  as  Hffwa-g  (siilij  )  or  Miwatt  (  fm. 
iiid  ).    If  I'la  Tii  hiiufff,  h,id  heeii 

the   original    reading,   the    irregiilaritv  of 
the  coiistructi..n.  though  not  without  par 
allel,  might  easily  h.ive  led  to  the  su! - 
quent  changes:  oi'-aeii  f,,r  iya  nt,  (m  i. 
one  hand,  or  Mfucv  (suhj  )  for  Ktvuati  on 
the  other  hand.   The   translation  woild 
then  be:  I  had  rather  die  than  tluit  uny 
one  should  make  void  my  /  ,.,;.>7  — the  same 
meaning  much  lc.ss  passion.uely  expressed 

16.  17.  This  boast  (lit  "matter  of 
glorying  )  which  must  on  no  account  be 
made  void,  is  that  Paul  preaches  the  gos- 
pel zcilliout  I  i>,i7  III  the  church,  not  sinii>ly 
that  he  pre.n  hes  _  he  eannot  help  that. 
For  in  merely  proclaiming  the  gospel,  I 
have  no  cause  to  boast,  for  it  is  a  ease 
<if  iiiKi/  — necessity  is  laid  upon  me:  yes, 
misery  is  mine  ( ht. |ati  interjeetionl 
A  /  •  1)1,-)  if  I  do  not  preach.  .\o  r,  «ard, 
he  means,  is  due  to  a  man  who  works,  as 
he  worked  for  the  gosp.  l,  mid.  r  constraint 
For  if  it  is  of  my  own  free  will  that  I 
am  doing  this  (th:it  is.  pre.iehing )  —  as  it 
Is  not,  f  ir  )r,\r<.<it\  is  I.nd  upon  nie — 
tlien  I  have  my  reward.  If,  on  the  other 
harid,  it  is  not  of  my  own  free  will — 
?■;  ri.o'    sl.l|^■   nf   aiTairs  —  I 

18.  I'.iiil  then,  neither  expiets  nor  de- 
have  had  a  stewardship  entrusted  to  me. 
•II!''  eiititi'd  t..  reward 

Fidelity  is  expeeted  in  a  steward  (  iv  2. 
where  the  words  are  similar),  hut  he  Ts 
not  eiitith  d  to  a  rew.ird  for  doing  what  it 
was  his  duty  to  do  (Luke  xvii,  lo). 


62 


I  COBINTHIANS. 


[Ch.  IX 


V)  I  nr  thougl)  I  III  friH-  from  all  mi'n, 
yvt  have  1  made  rnvM-lf  •'rr\ant  unto  all. 
that  I  miKltt  gam  tlu-  more. 

JO   Anil  tmio  the  Je«  *  I  lu-caim-  a<  n  ' 
Jfw,  that  I  minht  Kaiii  the  Jvw* ;  ti>  tiimi 
that  arc  umlcr  the  law,  a-«  iiimUt  the  law.  | 


that  I  miglit  ^ain  them  that  are  tmilt-r  the 
law  * 

.>i  To  thrm  that  an-  wiihiMit  l.iw,  a« 
wifhiMit  law.  (liciiin  ti"t  with'.iil  law  to 
(i.Ml,  liiit  iiiuItT  tlu-  law  to  C'lirist.)  that  1 
nii^ht  Kuiii  tliviii  that  arc  without  law. 


sirf*  a  n-w.iril   I'T  pnnrliiim:   nulfcl.  lu' 
Iiiilily  .iruini  ^  lli;it.  uinlrr  llu'  1,  riii^  I'i  ]>'■• 
iiimnu^-iiiii  -    I  "I'.v/'i/fii  i/    {  afd-^KTi  \   as  he 
II    w.i^  iin|i.  ,N>i|rIr      Nil   lu'   Iiii-  111-- 

n  w ml    What  then  is  my  reward?   It  is 

nil.'  «lmli  (Miilil  itMis  til  a  iinIiU-. 

hiimIIi>1i.  aiiil  wliiilly  >' m-ooratiit  iiiitnl  - - 
the  ri-w.iril  nf  ili-.]!!  twiiii;  with  ri'wanl,  of 
pn  .-i. -111111;   tlic  1    i,ir    in .tliiiii; :    it  i< 

that  in  preaching,  I  may  make  the  gos- 
pel HI.-.V.VC/1,'"  free  of  charge  u  i  Ad-  w 
.1.1),  BO  that  I  might  not  use  to  the  full 
)  Aaraxp^'atftfai,  cf  Mi  ,(i  >  the  right  that 
is  mine  in  priK-l.-iiimni;  the  gospel.  Al- 
fi.nl  fxplaiiis,  ••  What  i-  llu-  prospect  of 
n  ward  th.it  roiild  iii<liu-c  iiic  to  preach 
tin-  K'l-in  l  Kratiiit(>n>ly  -  "  n-yardiim  the 
vvliolf  vt-r-i'  (not  Miniily  tin-  lirst  c1.in--t-) 
.-IS  till'  <|iu  -li"n:  .ni'l  thr  .niswrr  lu-  liii'N 
in  till-  ■■  K-ii'ii'i^' "  ('•'(I'"")""'!.  Ili.it  1^,  tlic 
"  sal\ .iiioii  "  HTuuTu',  M  v.  _>_•  I  I  if  llu-  uriati  T 
ntitiilK-r  (N'T,  l!  i-  i-'il.iinly  -iKiiiti- 

l  ant.  in  a  i-i'iitr\t  ulii.-li  .li-.  -.i^-i .  ii  uard. 
that  tlic  wiird  sIim'iM  'h'  ri-]H-ati(l  no 

U  Iviii  :;m-  Mnii-~  i  \r.^  -■•n  ni  u.iin  i- 
,.|  ,  .'In  111  kiipiii-.;  unh  tin-  --I'liit 
1. 1  I  !  i  f  I  ilii--.  IK  M.  .",  wluro  ho 
spral.  .  I  tff  I  <  s-.iloiii.-iii-  .1  ••  ..iir  liopr. 
joy.  .  ^iry.  i  rnan  cf  i;lMr.\  iii-j  "  (  Mir  v ) 
.-It  ill.  i-.iiimiL;  of  Miir  i..  ;  '  _|i-sii-  'I  lu- 
.liiof  Mt-i-li"ii  1.1  iliis  vii-u  i-  lH:it  with 
M-r  ii(  llu-  llioiiuhl  -ci-nis  In  I  iIm-  a  siii-htly 
dilTrr.  ii:  turn  \  v.  iS.  I')  art-  not  >o  iiiti- 
ti  i.l-,  ,,  ii'u  ',(!  as  the  abovi-  intcrprcta- 
ti'iii  prf<ii]ip( 


7Vi,'  r,-rsiitilr  Srlf-.l!'ni-:^atl  'il  of  Zd'.l  li\. 
I'W.tt. 

19.    Panl   li.i.i  in'n    (\rr.  l.^-^i 

as  a  iiri-.u-luT  ..f  thi-  sro-pcl,  l  -U  lu-  did 
not  i:i:iUi-  n--('  id  lluni  (\\  \-.  if^l: 
li.  w.iN  trc-  (vv.  I.  I')'.  l'".t  111-  in.,-''-  I'll 
lisr  i>f  his  lihcrtv,  .Mt].t  ni,i'a'  luin-.'f 
XU.  >•■>.    r:':  \  O    ''\  .    and    !         li-    ''  d 

tint  lu-  iniialit  uni  liiiiii  For  icing  free 
from  all.  I  made  myself  the  slave  of  all 

,llu'  inxt.-ipo-.ilinn  Jrai  ru-r  najir  ||  i>  nii- 
],. .  1, .    ri-pr.  .d'-.  r     in     1-'iil:1  i-h  1  - 

M:  Mm    ■ .(   !ilu  r!\-,   !<:il    it    u:i-   that  1 

might  win  the  greater  number  i  i  t  liii-t 
and  -aU.ition  (  <tw<ti.).  \it.  unatrr 
tliaii  would  li.ivc  lit-cn  won  without  this 


.H-ootnniiid.itioii  of  himself  to  cvoryliixly. 
lit-  dors  II.  I  siy  1///.  his  only  hoj»c  is  ti> 
win  si'iiir  (  M-r.  JJ).  The  "  >;aiii  '  which 
i'aiil  f.\|n-cts  from  his  ministry  is  not 
money,  nor  even  maintenance,  Imt  souls. 

30.    He  pr<H-t-«'<|s  111  illnstr.iie  ilir  \  ririou* 
types  of  tiniidaue   to   uhuli    In.   lli.  free 
man.    siiliiniltril.    for    tiu-    jjo-jn  |\  --.iki-. 
For  example  ikaii,  I  became  to  the  Jews 
as  a  Jew  —  i,'.'-  a  Jrw.  for  he  wa-'  i 
a    Jew    in    the    ordinary    sen-e  —  that  I 
might  win  Jews.   Though  lu-  was  well 
awarr.  lor  evaiiiph-.  th.il  "  i-ir'-iniu-i^ion  is 
liolhiir;  "    (\n    i'(i.   Ill-  had    i  iinotliy  cir- 
ciiini-i-i  d  ■■     1  ..'KM-  ■■/■  /'.'i-  .'r..  >■  dial  \M-re  in 
those  parts '■  (  \i  t^  \  .i.  .1.  I'l    <la!,  v    I  I  )  : 
.-ind  lu-  I'liU  upon  Iniii  spuitii-.iny  Ji\vi-h 
\ov.s   (  \vt-  x\iii.   iS.  of.  x\i        If  1  To 
those  under   tin-    Nh-ai.-   law     not  so 
iniu-h  "til-  Jiw-."'  who  -If'-  .d-',.d\  nii'11- 
i  tioiu'd    (iiiilr---  It  h  -  a  i.'a-c  of  rlii  iorii'rd 
i  ri'l'i  1 1I i"i'.  or  ill'    liiiirr  lo  poiiil  l!u-  coii- 
tra-1    with  the  iu-\t   e'aii-i  i.  hiii  eireiini- 
,,-,d  pro-,l\u-     I  hi.-. nil.  as  under  ihe 
law.  though  I  am  not  myself  under  the 
;  law  —  as  a  Cli'  isiiiii.  I'aul  is  no  longer 
I  under    the    y.Ti/.s/i    law    ((lal.    ii.  — 
i  that  I  might  win  those  under  the  law. 
The   clailsi-  (f^         txirit  iiri  vSnof)  \as 
accidentally  omitted  from  the  commoti  text, 
.ind  so  from  .\   \'.,  owing  to  the  similarit) 
of  ending  to  that  of  the  previous  clans*. 

21.  To  those  that  are  without  the 
Mo.:  ii-  law — the  he.itlien,  as  opno-i  d  to 
the  |i-«'«,  who  have  it  —  1  hecanu  as  one 
without  law.  not  of  conr-e  that  I  am 
I  \v  without  the  law  of  God.  but  within 
the  law  of  Christ  d  f  dal.  \  i.  -•>.  that  I 
might  gain  thetn  that  are  without  law. 
In  di.ilii'i;  w-th  the  lu-.-itheii.  he  aoeonnno- 
il.it.'.i  1,  '  .  thrir  -i  nidpoiiit.  a-  wlu-n 
ill-  poiiii.il  li..-  |H-op'i'  of  i  \-tia  lo  liu-  lain 
from  laaMil  and  tr  n'l  -l  s,  n-  .i-  .-| 
uitiu'ss  1,,  (lod  (Acts  xiv.  i;!.  and  ^tid 
iiiori'  ~tvkini:!y  :it  Atln-n-.  wlin.-  1:  tooK 
In-  ti'\i  from  an  iii-i-nption  on  a  (ireik 
-  ir.  and  iiiioud  in  his  sfrnion  troin  a 
(link  port  (Act-  wii  1.  I'.nil  is  specially 
1  ret- si  lu-re  to  -af(-i;nard  himself.  He 
.],-..,!  for  thr  moment,  .-md  to  "gain" 
ih.-m,  the  standpoint  of  the  fii'0*ioi,  hnt  he 
w.is  not  n-.illy  iSi-omos:  he  acknowledged 
tlu-  iircat  !.!w  of  Cod  which  had  found 
Its  perfect  e.\pre.->Kjii  in  Christ,  so  that  he 


Ck.  L\] 


I  CORINTHIANS. 


63 


i2  To  the  ucak  iHcaiDo  I  as  wiak, 
tliai  I  iiiiis'lit  nam  the  wcafc :  I  am  made 
all  tliiiiK-  to  all  men.  that  1  might  by  all 

nu'ans  sasc  sdiiu- 


And  till*  I  do  for  ihc  giMpcl't  sake, 
that  I  might  be  partaker  thereof  «itb 


is  in  law  in  rctfi-cl  .•/  Christ.    Here  again 
(cf.  i.      iii.  jj)  the  connection  ol  Christ 
and  God  is  striking, 
as.  To  tiM  weak  I  bccamt  weak— nnt 

<ij  weak  (A  V  K  hut  rtally  weak  (cf.  2 
Cur,  M  as  thuiiyh  ho  iidI  iiu  ri'ly  iiii- 

<liTsti><.,l  hnt  -han-d  thi-ir  w<'akiii'>s  —  that 
I  might  gain  the  weak.   Tho  vm  ik  an 

the  siTii|iul..us  (VIII,  71;  ami  llhuinh 
th>,nii:h  knowU  iljic,  Paul  ri^i-;  ahovo  ihcir 
MTiipU',  ill  /(':  ,•  hi-  sb  iri  N  it  ( viii  1  ). 
I  !k  all-  Iiiit  four  1;  i^tr.iiioiiN  i>i  the 
polii-y    ih.U   K"V<TiiC(|  wlioir  iimn-try, 

til  iiui.t  I././/  111. Ill  ^MniMlhfliiM  ii  I'll  his 
own  KriHiiul  I  have  become  all  things 
to  all  men  i  roit  miau-,  //,,. 
whom  he  had  to  dm  I'hi,  ila-ikity, 
which  miKht  be  inti  rpr.  t,  d  .is  timral  in- 
difference or  even  as  tm  .  ^itmiik.  is  rr.iMy 
an  anxious  spiritual  syiniiilhy:  its  nnnivi' 
is  tfiat  by  all  meana  I  may  save  some. 
Hi>  efTorts  are  abundant,  but  his  h<>iHs 
are  modest — for  the  salvation  of  some: 
he  knows  the  stern  realities  with  which  he 
has  to  contend.  The  word  save  deiines  the 
word  nain:  he  saiiis  thcin  hy  saving  tliem. 

33.  Not  only  this  particular  policy  of 
aocoinnindatioii.  l.iit  ill  Paul'-  arts,  were 
dictated  hy  his  N.m-  tor  the  i;o,p,i.  And 
Hot  only  this  hilt  all  things  I  do  for  the 
gospel's  sake,  that  I  may  become  a  joint 
(at  f)  partaker  in  it  .!iid  ns  iiirsMiiL;s  -  - 
e-pccial!y  its  |i]r--!nL,'  of  -.ilv.ition  .  .tutctui, 
viT.  J_M.    In  hi,  I'tiort  to  oilurs.  '  ,• 

must  iiot  f..rt:it  or  lUKlcct  Ins  own  sa.\.i- 
tioii.  I  lu  sc  uonis  ari'  ih.cr.u-ti'ri.nl,  as 
IUn^;'  l  niiiark-.  \'\  t;r<.it  iiiodr^iy:  in-  ami 
is  to  become  a  sharer  tii7/i  oliurs. 


This  V  liole  passat,'!'  (ix.  I-J,U  is  written 
with  oon-idiralile  w.irnilii.  and  i  hi-ir.it.'s 
both  the  practical  wisdom  .md  ihr  s|,nii  ial 
greatness  of  the  anost^.  h,  (.;i;ir,  r.ipid 
lotiic  lu  ari-iies  for  the  maintenance  of  the 
ministry  hy  the  cluirch,  and  In-  .iryiiiiitiits 
are  in  large  measure  still  valid  One  who 
gives  his  whole  time  to  the  spiritual  niirliire 
of  others  oiiRht  himseif  to  \k  relieved  of 
sordid  anxieties.  Work  that  deeply  ti>iielu  s 
the  mind  or  heart  can  ne\cr  he  adeiiuately 
recomiici'sod  in  money,  and  it  is  surely  tia 
KrCiit  Ihiii^  (\<r  lit  if  such  workers  have 
then-  luid-  Keiuroiisly  supplied  hy  those 
for  whose  highest  welfare  they  do  so  much. 
Jesus  Himself  said  that  the  workman  de- 


serves his  fiKid  (or  w.iiie-  I  :  and  \h,-  eh  irch 
has  the  duly  of  iii.ikiiiK  a  nasonahle  ami 
not  ungenerous  provision  for  those  who 
'  serve  her. 

Hut  l',iul  himself  makes  no  use  of  tho-e 
rights  (vv.  I.'.  15)  for  which  he  has  arKned 
with  such  c>>nviction.   After  iiKhtiiiK  the 
h.itile  lor  others,  he  refuses  to  share  in  the 
spoil,  of  victory.    .\iid  he  refuses  for  Uie 
I  goNpel's  sake:  he  i-  fearful  of  offering  to 
j  •!  any  n;  .inu  r  of  hindrance  through  any 
!  act  of  In    i  ver.  To  accept  even  the 

in.'-t  iiu.ii;ir  remuneration  fur  preaching 
'  nn.nht,  under  the  circumstances,  have  rx- 
p.  -id  the  "k^oc.il  uiws"  to  tnisrepresent.i- 
ition,    .ni.l    i'l  :|    will    i.iIm-    Dm    ti,U  lie 
pre.lv  Ik  s  l)i  e.in-e  hi'  c.niiiot  li.  Ip  it,  .md  he 
'Ie-'  '^'s  iiii  r.  ward  l"i  ili.it,  ilu-  onU  re- 
;  w.ird   he   ileMir-   i-   ih,.   -.iK.ition   o|  tllosi- 
I  lor  wliov,    «  ,1^^.  ),,.  lien,,  ,  hiiiisi  if. 

IlUideiit.ely  wi'  i;et  :i  cnnip-e  of  the 
secret  of  Pan!'-  o\  >  rw  lu  Imrii;  pow  er  as  a 
preacher:  he  pr,  ,  hed  under  an  irresisn- 
lile  impnl-e,  and  with  tin  coii-eiousiiess 
that  a  divine  constr.nnt  w.is  u|m..i  hnn. 
"W'dc  is  me  if  1  |.re.i,  !i  no!  "  -  ili.u  ,s  i],,' 
stuff  of  which  the  great  pri.aliers  are 
made,  the  Luthers,  the  Wesleys.  the  White- 
tields  (ver.  1(1).  .And  a  preacher  of  this 
kind,  when  his  authority  is  challenged,  can 
n-iially,  though  not  perhaps  hivariably, 
lioiiit  to  r.  -  dt,  "  Are  ye  not  my  work  in 
the  Lord  '  "  1  \  rr.  i  1 

lint  iiotlniii,;  I..  Mer  illustr.-.tes  I'aill's 
greatness  as  ,1  sp  in^  1  ii.idir  than  .lii* 
power  of  ad.ipiiiiy  hin:-  \i  to  a!!  -..r|,  and 
e  .iiditioiis  of  111.  11  ;  .111'!  It  is  ti,  u  ill.  :  n'.uiy 
uIm  a-pire  to  l.e  K.rier,  t,,:  Thoiigll  a 
<  liri>tMii.  I'. nil  ret.riud  e. .midetely  his 
p..wer  to  look  at  the  uorM  u  i,  ihe  eyes 
ot  the  I  w  :  lli..i!udl  hnn  .  !l  .1  ni,n.  of 
hio.id  d  of  t'n  l.ro.id,  t  nni  d  he  c.iulil 
'nuli  rsl.ind.  :.-:d  lor  pr.i,  ii,  '  piiip..-<  s 
share,  till'  scrupN  s  of  tiie  n.i  1  o  nv  'nm.ied. 
Snch  he  i-illid  Hot  hi-.  !,  h  ii  |,!o!|i,  r,  .\ 
sniffle  ilh!-M-,.!:on  nia\  lie  !,;',, in  hoin  the 
situ.itioii  n.  ihe  ehiire!  io-di>.  |)et\nders 
of  the  iiiod-rii  w.  w  o|      ,•  ,.,,„  j,nies 

spe.ik  of  file  snT  ;  :,ri,-i,  ,,f  ortli  .dosy  " 
in  langii.igi-  that  k  liar-h.  discoin teon-,  and 
provocative  of  ill-feelmg;  hut  that  is 
I  surely  not  the  w.iy  i..  "win  som,- "  If 
I  a  man  is  to  be  won,  he  must  fir>i  h;-  un- 
!  derstood ;  his  standpoint  niiist  he  not  only 
i  intelligently,  but  synipatheticaHv  e.  lusid- 
I  ered.   The  weak  will  only  be  sav  ed  by  one 


64 


I  C'OKIXTHIANS. 


[Vh.  IX 


.'4  Kii'  W  >f  II"'  tli.ii  'li'V  which  rttn 
it»  a  r,ii  ••  riMi  I.  u  ciu  m-t  ivi  th  tliff 
liri/<  ?    Sm  rni".  >!■  in.ij  ulilaiti 

Ami  cvrry  m.m  that  strivcih  for  i ho 
ntaMi-ry  tinipiratc  iii  all  lliiiiK>.  N  'W 
they  tli<  il  t"  iilitam  a  inrniirtitilc  cri>wii; 
t»,t  »f  an  iiiciirnti'lil'Ir. 


jit  I  tluTcfore  fo  run,  nut  a*  nitocr- 
taiiily :  mi  ft^ht  I,  not  a*  oik-  t'lMi  I"  .ii.  'h 
the  air : 

r.ii!  I  kr«  p  iiii'Kr  'iiy  l«'il>.  M.l 
hfiiiK  It  ml'  Miliui  ti"iii ;  It  »i  tli.it  l'\  .my 
means,  wifui  I  have  |>riachnl  tu  <illur%  1 
myst'lf  shiMilil  Ik-  a  castaway. 


whi)  1^  tiip.'i  I"  w.  ikii,  V  In  'i"rt,  tin- 
tiiini  u  li'i  w'iiM  "  •  iv<-  ^'.iiii'  ■  1  *  hn-t 
iini-l  I. .1111  I"  In-  Ilii  ir  III!  Ill  .mil  -fr\.mt 
(Ml  111  1 ,  111-  iiiii-l  11.  .1  ina-tiT  III  tli.it 
(liMiu  ,i't  111  X'T  iMlity  wliirh  riiaWis  liitii 
to  ■•|ki  oiiic  all  tliiiiK'*  I"  all  iii<  ii. ' 

/'.;«.'".<  A",ii  .-  /  •>■  /.;/.•  i  is.  -'4 -.T*. 

11ir  lliMii'.'liI   limlrtl  .it  Hif  o1ii-i-  nf  viT. 
that  I'a^l  lia-  i.i  coiisi,!,  r  In-  .'«n  ^.'il- 
'".il'i'ii  .1^  vmII   i-  I'l.it  of  .  ill       1  \\"il,ii! 
.lit  III  i!i  I'-'ii  with  i.;rial  and  ::ial'ii'>' 

34.    Do  you  not  know       -  1  . "int'iiaii 

rirc         "f    >  '  •        .    I'i'  ^    ' "  -'i        '  Ip 

ktii.wi'u:  that  of  those  who  run  in  the 
race-course  —  llu'  sUitiium  wa-  a!'  I  .i't 
,-1  (|iMr,i  ..f  a  mill  m  lrnL;t!i  -  while  all 
run,  .11  >  one  gets  the  prize,    m'"    .  . 

Will  I'l.iiir.i m.iiiv  11  .miu'tiior^  uilli 
till-  --iii.'lr  umtur  I  111-  ( iriiitliiaii-  w.mlil 
In-  1 -)ir.  i,i]I\  t.miiH.ir  Willi  tin-  Utlimiaii 
n;nr  -  Il  Ii.iiil  111  will  till--  raci'  — all' 
an-  111  '  iriii  «l.  all  .'ire  li'iii|ii  rali-  (  ViT. 
lull  cuily  oiu-  i^  \  irt.ii  -  .iiul  it  i-  <(|iially 
li.iril,  ..r  iiilinitrly  liarili  r  In  win  llic  Chris- 
tian race;  il  is  iiot  ciioiiKh  to  enter  for 
it.  'Iherefoie  run  in  that  fashion  — like 
those  e.irne^t.  ti  iiiperate  1  •.  ■  i  .'51  riiiiiu  r-, 
or  i.itlirr.  like  til'-  -.iH'iT»-l;  l  '"'I'lulH'ir  — 
in  order  that  ye  may  attain  the  prize 
(  N"t  "  niii  ill  -I'  ll  .1  way  .ts  to  atl.iin  " 
wliii-h  «";■•''!  r.i'ii'r  lir  '■'>""f  haTa\afUiv  \ . 

25.  Now  ai  llu-  iit'ik  K'l'm^  every 
combatant,  ami  ii"t  ilu-  winiur  al"ti<'.  ex- 
ercises in  all  things  p"..itne  self-ccn- 
trol.  wliii'Ii  i-^  ni'Ti-  t!i m  nu  re  la-iMliv  e 
al.'Mii-iii  r  '  i'l-  mv^i  ill-  /Vi.v  '':,  ii  iiij.i/i  '' 
|-",.r  ii-ii  in  ntli-  In  f'Te  tin-  i-.iiili  >l.  lllr 
e'.tiii"  lil'ir^  \\<  r--  iiiuii  r  tlu  -truti'-l  "!'li.:.i- 
ti.'ii^  I'l  n  ii.iin  li  -  iii  r\  ii>  Mi'l'  l'^.  lu  e 
wliiell  tiiii;h!  ii.ne  'mpaif  il  tlu  ir  Mri  r,ij(!i. 

verily,  ili.  1  .  1  i  ;mu  1  .  that  they  may 
get  a  corruptible  crown  '-f  piiu- lra\>  s 
(Mich  at  this  tune  was  \hc  rewaril  in  the 
1-tliii  iaii  Lianu-N).  we  l.'liri-tiaiis  on  the 
Other  hand,  an  incorruptible  crown  of 
eteni.il  lilt   ( cf.  I   Tim.  vi  Ijl. 

a6,  27.  I'he  pri/c  of  tlie  Christian  race 
w.is  iiitinitcly  more  precious:  therefore  I 


for  my  part  bo  run  as  not  uncer- 

tainly  t  hi.  >\ol  u>u-l,-iiil\  '  his  course  w  as 
1  lt\ii':  he  saw  the  goal  ami  pre-^seil  >teailily 
anil  »lreniioiis|y  nn  to  it  Ih-  chaniic-  tin* 
itieiaplior  from"  riiniiinR  to  I»..\iiik.  I"  hriii« 
iiiiit  llu-  ulr.i  nf  llu  V  iijor  with  h1ii.  Ii  liic 
/"<•  mii^l  111-  ;i>-.iil"i|  So  (enipli  lie.  .I'ul 
.ilni'i^t  piciori.ili  I  box,  as  one  beating  a 
I'.i!  t  neiny.  not  air.  llu  l  lin-ti.in  ^tr  ic- 
-I'-  II. i|  a  -li.iiii  tiyhi.  hilt  a  liylil  uiih 
.  -  I  1:1  nil  wli'  iii  -iiii'ly  li'"\\~  tim  '  •Mi'i. 
r.ml    km  u     \»  II'  ri  1  1'    lu-    -].•  '  c      lu  had 

■  il •'.■■^\\t  w  -ill  il.  ,1     .It  I  I'll-  •    "  '  ■■■  >■  >. 
Hut  on  the  contrary  I  beat  my  body  — 
,11  /..  !  V      i!ie  .  n.  •!!>     black  and 
blue,   and   lead   it  away  captive   Ii'ki  a 
I  P  .1;  I    .  Ill  !.  lest  haply,  after  hav- 
ing heralded  -  ih.m .11  to  others,  I  should 
turn    out  to  be  rejected  myself.    I  he 
i'ii.i-.;ri  y  I'l  ll.e  U-H"'  -  1^  kepi  up  thro'iyll- 
nil!     llu-    pa--.;i.V      iirwridiu'     t'l    strike  a 
lie.nv  li'nw  ill  the  face,  lniu.ith  the  eyes 
i(i)ro.  uy).    It  i^  the  wonl  u-<eil  in  I.iike 
I  NViii.  5.  of  the  widow's  contiiuioiis  assault 
j  Upon  the  tiniiist  jiidne.    ( i'iro»-«ii;u),  a  less 
I  ^■^apllic  word,  J  I'lcss  u>uli  i\  is  also  read 
in  the  text  hefore  US.)    unpHat.  the  regular 
word  fnr  />'<-i;i  /if«.t;,  appears  hen-  tn  have  a 
flavor  of  iN  primary  cnnnntatii 'ii.  actins  as 
lirriilj — h>it>tt.     tlie  luLild  aiiiu niiiced  tiie 
cniulitinns  of  the  K-ame  and  the  names  of 
the  \  u  inrs :  ASohipuit,  one  who  is  rejectid 
U'rom  the  prize). 


'Ilie  -treimiMi-iu-..  ..('  I'a-.ilV  Iiiiuinli  is 
sinl.inL'ly  I'lii-u.ihd  hy  tlii^  na  ■-.  i;'-.  I  lu- 
i -.1  It  r. -ii.iiiil  «!,!i  li  la-  pr  uti^c-  1-  I'T  ilie 
^H'r.piT,  ~,ike  l\ir  iji.  for  nllu-r"-  -  ike 
I  M  r.  _'ji.  .1111!  11"!  Il for  hi»  own  ^,ike. 
Ill-  U'iik  I'-r  nilu  r^  il-.c-  ii"!  t  \'iii|iL 
liiiii  fri.m  work  upon  him^elt:  lu-  laci  -  the 
I"  ,-,^llilllty  of  1-is  ll!tiin,lli-|y  ln-lli!4  tllC 
pri/e  I  vi-r  J7  I  Tlicri  I'nre  he  inn^t  tiullt, 
tnr  Mill!,   with,   m  :!!!  ea.rn'.-^!!!'- -- :  his 

hody  is  the  enemy  (  Koni.  viii.  !.?>,  and  it 
\  nuist  he  a  light  to  the  litiish  (,3oi'Xo">a)Trw). 
I  I  lie  "hrui-inK"  of  the  ho<ly  mn<t  not 
'he  taken,  as  >.ome  extremists  have  taken  it, 
literally:  it  is  a  figure,  just  like  the  ruft- 
ning  of  the  race.    But  it  sihiws  the  deadjy 
earnestness  with  which  Paul  eni?a(ied  in 
I  this  struggle  with  himself.   The  struggle 


Ch.  X] 


I  CORIXTHIAXS. 


65 


,                 ,                      jf.itli.r-   \\.r,  under  thp  clotitl.  and  all 

•  "  ^'  '  '■•'^  "'  I  ,--..1  I-  tl,'  ,. 

I      M.HInM.H.   1.1.  till.  II,    1                  I!,.?    ill. It                A,., I  .,11  ,„„.,   M,,»t.,  ,„ 

>c  ^liotiM  Ik-  ignorant,  lu>vv  tli.it  ali  i>iir    tin-  ih'uA  .iii.l  ni  tin-  m  .i ; 


with  till-  lioily  and  all  that  it  -.lanfls  for, 
1'  II' I,  if  '.I  I'l'  »  ri'>u.,  .1  Ik.iIiiik  i.f  tiic 
air,  bill  a  vm<-i1iiik  wiili  i  Nlrmiij.  riM.liiti-, 
ami  iniplaiMlilc  f><v.  It  l'a:ir>  own  virm;- 
kK-  1^  »i»  sivtn',  till  I  iiiii(iiMti>  aiul  I'tliir 


nion  mii-t  xi-  i..  n  iIm'  • 
lluir  -triiKuIi-  aii.l  thci 
It  1^  iinly  hy  j.i  riiMtiin« 
at  liic  drfi'k  tiaDH'N  —  ilia; 


.llU  I,  lit  /a 


<l< 


lli.t  t.(k. 

'  lii:h!l>. 
V  iniu  r 


I  he  ciiniiicli"ii  lulwn  ii  ihi>  iiaraiirai  h 
and  the  la^i.  ob>ciirecl  hy  i!k-  iii<" n  i.f 
A.  \  .,  i'  MTV  iiitiiii.iU-  i  ■>"»':  l<  \  .  I. 
Paul  has  Just  been  >h<>\\inK  t!ie  o\.r 
wltelniinn  iiii|i<irlam-c  of  -t  If-th-iiiiiiiic.  lie 
himself  jiraolises  it.  nut  unly  for  iIh'  sake 
of  the  K"siul  and  of  others,  but  fur  liis 
own  suiil's  s.iki-  It  i  tiut  eii(iii...li  ti)  1  Iter 
iij-in  the  Cliri-ti  111  race,  we  liiiist  riii:  like 
li,  man  wlm  wins  i;  ,■  pn  i.  i\n-  cliris- 
ti.,11  I'l.iitliet  is  II..  sp.irriiig  lo-itist:  we 
ii'-'st  lay  aliniii  till  tin-  eiuniy  is  jiri.s- 
tii'i'  I  lurr  is  al'.Ka\-  tlu'  )iT\m  pi.- 'ilnliiy 
l!.a!  1.11.  a!:.,  ha-  i..  L'iin  \m '1  i'...\  .-ikI 
badly  i  i  luoii.  Steady,  str.  ini..  -  v 
I.iii'  e  an. I  ,  i  M  -.a  raiuT  will  al-iie  in.d.l.-  a 
niaii  to  "aitaii."  I  his  iiriiu-ii.!.-  is  stnk- 
iliKly  ill  •■11  .  .d,  I'aiil  V".  -  .'11  I'.  sa\.  in  ili,- 
htst.iry  l"  •  ii  lit  i  I.  1  111  \  -  Ill 
well.  eiiii  \id        'i.i'  1. r<  s.  .in. I  in  llie 

end  l!ir>  u.  IT  I.  ,  .1  ;  ,  ir  1.  .ii.  -  M.  a.  l.rd 
the  distrt.  Iii..-e  wli..  s'.ii,:,,,,!  .nid  -an" 
mer  tl'e  vietcry  at  the  Knl  S.  i.  iiis<r 
reaelual  the  iirmi'i  .  d  land.  I  lu-ir  ri.-.-, 
lay  scattered  and  inul.  .ri.  .-i-i  iipi.n  the  wil- 
derness where  diey  iiad  l.l.n  ed  the  ;i,".-tati'. 

Therefore  let  the  C. >riiiihi.ins  take  In,.!, 
and  not  iH-eome  like  them  Kl  bini  tli.il 
thiiikelh  he  st.inilelh  take  heed  lest  !ie  fall. 
If  l-r:;,!  f,!l.  .ind  I'aiil  eonkin|.!ates  i,,r 
bin  -  t  it  I.-ast  the  possibility  of  a  fall,  K  t 
tiu  (    :  nili Mils  ln  ware. 

r'nither,  this  discussion  r.f  aiu-ient  Israel's 
sacramental  expirienees  of  bai  tism  ami  tiie 
slipper  prepare  the  way  fo:  tlie  di-i  iission 
of  the  Christian  sacrament  and  what  it  in- 
volved I  \    I  t-xi  _?4). 

i-S.  riie  l  oiitr.-ist  in  vv.  1-5  !-  1"  tui  .  'in- 
()//  -  ir({rr«t  (ive  times  repeali-.l  «li..  Ii.id 
enioyi-i|  hiyh  privileee.  ami  the  \  ■  ry  smkiII 
minority  (only  twei) — oi!«  if  roit  w\tio<rt 
(ver.  5),  who  had  been  saved  from  de-  , 


.stniefion.  This  iii,iy  b,  brou^lit  ,„u  m 
I  nu!i-Ii  Iiy  or  ,'     u  .i       .  \.  :  For 

'  l  oiisjileritlii  tin-  d.ii'...<  r,  to  uhu  'i  | 
l.a\e   Jiist  idllldid.  n|   ii!liiii.ite   i .  | a .  .li.ilioii 

.7>— I  would  not  have  you  igno- 
rant, brethren  iihi-  ktii.I'>  a.!.  .  .  b.  tore 
the   uriM-    waitiiMKi     this   phra-e  o.eiirs 


s>  \eral  titltis 
iiitrodiit'e  an 

flllKT    Hot  .1. 

be  lijiioii  .1  I , 


i  t  I'ai: 
iitipor; 
I.  i|'i,ii.  b 
I  K 


>  pi-l! 

siil.: 


.  usually  to 

I .     \N  1 1  •  I  1 1  Is 

'    o\..  n   .  •     .k.  I\  t.> 

I .  that,  though 
.  .  1    inder  the  cloud 

III   I  \  \iv. 
JKh  the  U  .1  Sea, 
iiernsclves  bajiti/ed 


ALL  our  father  m 

;  will. !»  siTd.d  •' 
and  ALL  [      ■  ' 
and    ALL     1   ,  . 

1  .  .arr.  i  o  r ,      \jnXn      i   , 

M  OSes,  and  ALL  drank  the  sanT"  st^iiitual 
fond  and  ALL  drank  the  same  spititiul 
drink  — for  all  (Ii  u  \  they  kept  drink- 
ing  ,.>,.,,„.  in  I  t  I  '  a  spiritual  rock 
which  oii!.nu.i::>  followed  tiam  i  and  the 
reck  was  Christi:  thmiv;!!.  m  -li. n.  ,,•  ' 
our  f.ithers  etii..yiil  th.  privileges,  yet 
not  with  the  greater  part  of  them  m 
d.i-d    only    with  (  ,1,1,   an. I  J..-I,iia 

I  Niiin.  xiv.  .^o)— was  God  well-pleased: 
S.I  .lispl.  ised  uas  I!,,  that  II..  d.  ir..v.il 
th.  Ill  -  for  they  were  laid  prostrate  in 
alh  in  the  wilderness  t  Nuni.  xiv.  id). 


t.r 


I 

itli.  rs  of  the  J 
..I  lliiiikuii;  of 


r- 


ehiireh 
I  '  11,1  i 


::t 


th.. 

r.ith.  r 
.is   .  tie  with 
-   th.it  whi.-h 
11.  Ji  ).  .111.1  i- 
•  I :.  .11  u  it!i  til. 


111. 


.T. .  -ii 
I'>  illu-tr.it 
l-'ael.  b  it 
al-o  i'lti-iii 
//;.• 
iC.'.- 


...I.  M, 

I  .\  er-li.i. 
!.!  b. 
be  n  ;•. 
■  f  thf  l« 
<.  the 
till-  <• 
I.-.l  t. 


I' 


t!  .  V  V. .  r 
I'.it  \'r. 
eus  1:1  the 
.1'  111.- 
an.-i.iit  I 

fLtUl  i.-.l 

s ;     1  I 
III- 
\ 

lb.  in 


s'ru-tly  the 
is  proiiablv 
f 


.III'  i(ii</  III 


..I  'll 
I  .1:.'. 
..I  .^.a 

.In  iiie 
.Iii.-M 
s\  nib 

tlu-  .V, 


i  • 
f. 


'  th,  ms,-!:rs  uiitu  luift 


lurih 
( 'liris..,iii 
Isr  i.  l.     I  iic 
tlu.ir  ni.ireli 
v  nu  ntioned 
1.  •;;  ot  tiie  Ued 
lb'-  .l.'ii.l  w:is 
<  1'^-    i-v.  .V)). 
iDi..'.-;  t!ir 
-11.  .-.  s-  fill 
'  \  li; 

-  M-.l 
t  It 

:  -111  : 


tb,. 


KS'll. 


1 1 1  .a  r  1 
r 

-  th. 
b,,,: 


'1  he 


■lilt 

by 

■..  as 
In 
or 


ini.l.lle 


V..a-e  i  i-\irTiaai'TO  i<  d' b'".  raf-.  !v  eb  :-  v:;  {o 
imply  thrir  cons.-nt  (ef.  vi.  iii.  aii-l  is 
nnd.aib',.|ly  t.>  be  preferred  t.i  the  e-t-ier 
..(tTMff«7,(rai'.  wbi.-h  is  read  hy  some  MSS. 
I'.y  iliis  .  \p  ri.  n.  r  they  aekiiow!e.|ge.|  their 
alleui.iiii-.  I  \'..s,  -.  uave  themselves  over 
to  his  I,  .1,!.  1  iiip.  and.  in  this  sense  u-rre 
haftisi  J  ini/,.  him.  as  Christians  were  hap- 
tized  unto  Christ.   The  analogy  iKtwten 


66 


I  CORIXTHIAXS. 


[Ch.  X 


And  did  all  cat  the  same  spiri;.i:il 
liu'.it  ; 

4  An.]  .li.l  .ill  ilrink  the  -.im.'  ^|.iritn.il 
(Ir'iik  .  t.  r  llu  v  (lr:ink  of  ili.il  -inntii.il 
H.Kk  ili  .i  follo'wi-d  t»K-ni:  and  that  KtK-k 

t  liri-l. 

5  I'.iit  with  111  •      '  1  ■'   "1  I  .  ■!  v\a> 


udl  pl.  a-.  (1:  fi>r  they  were  overthrown 
111  llu-  uiMiriHs-i. 

(,  Nnw  tluso  tilings  were  our  examples, 
i,.  I  Ik-  iiiit  nt  wc  should  nut  lust  after  evil 
tliinijs,  as  thov  also  lusted. 

7  Neither  i>v  ye  idolaters,  as  tx  r,'  some 
..f  tluin;  a-  it  is  wntttn,   llu-  i>e<>i>le  sat 


trail's  txprruiii-i'  :it  tin-  Kr.l  Sr.i  .md 
baptism  Is.  Id  llu-  iiUMl.rn  iiiiml.  >rr:.inily 
not  vt-ry  ohi-c.  I  li<'  I'^nil  a  i<l  li'f  .i 
ri'pri  -i  III  llu-  u.-r  r:  l~r.ul  iiiicK  r  l':<- 

oiH-  and  tlimiii;!!  llu-  ollur  "ii  'Iry  laii.l  - 
tlial  IS  all.  linl  I'aul  i-  mtn  i  -l.  .1  la  i  >'  i'l  j 
<l<-l>-i-tmu  anal.i-j,ir~  In-lwi-rii  aiu  u  ill  I -r.:rl 
anil  tin-  ('liii-lian  i-linnli.  ami  m  lin.livi,' 
in  Ur.u  l'-  liiMiii->-  aiilu  ii-ali-'iis  <d  C'hri-- 
lian  -ai-raiiu  III--  and  (-.\ih-i  u-nct--- :  C  lir:--t 
lliiii-i-ll  u.is  jiii-int  tIiri>iiKli"iit  tlic  wilder- 
Ill---  w .-null  Vint;'-.  ai-ocirditi«  .»<.". 

3,  4.    .Ill  (III-  till-  Siimc  stiritiiiil  f<^->a  — 
ii()"i  llu-  same  as  we  Christians  eat:  lint  all 
alike,   each   ate   the   s«uiie  as    tlic   ..lli<  r, 
though  the  results  were  so  diffi  ri-iil   i  i  t. 
S)  :  ami  all  drank  the  sumc  sfiriUt.il  dnr.k. 
The  food  and  the  drink  are  tin-  iiMiiiia 
(Kxod.  x\i.  1.1  tT  t  aiul  the  wat.-r  .-l  Uviilu- 
dini  (  l-.x.'d.  \\  li.   l      '  at  llu-  ..in-  .  lul  ot 
the  waiuli-rnu;-.  and  "f  K  mU-s|i  (  Nnni.  xx. 
:.'ff.)  at  the  nilu-r.    lint  wliy  llu-ti  sl^n  itu^il ' 
'Hie  ui;iiiiia  and  tlu-  w.-itcr  an-  rcjiri -nilial 
as  luiraiMilons :  the  iiiann.i.  i-.i:    is  in  I's. 
l\xviii.    J4.    I'ii'hI    tViiiii    lu-:i\.  n.    'I  lus  is 
part  "f  till-  incaniiii;.  Inil  n- 't  llu-  wlu'lr  "t 
it.    'riir    nnrai-nl'ins   ni:iiiiia    u  is  iiiirmlrd 
t(i  |,,,inl   ii!-  n  lii->"ii.l   It -.  if  tM   llu-  rr.Mliii'^- 
aiul    -iislainini;    p"U<T   "I    (i".l.    '"Ilr    l<  il 
llu-(-  Willi  inaiina  tliat  lu-  mmht  ni.iki-  llu-.- 
kiU'W    llial    man   .l"tli   lU'l    live    I'.v  liri-ad 
all. nr.  lint  1>\  ,-\ .  i-\ lliiLi;  llial  ^.r.  .m  iK-lli  <>\\X^ 
,,f  tl-.i-  in.in'lli  i.f 'j>-li..v.ili  .l.illi  m.in  live" 
(|)i-iit.  viii   ,il.    'l  lu-  manna  li  id  a  fl-:r:lii.i! 
\aliiv:  It  was  a  ti-slimcny  to  ;i  splnri-  ln-- 
yond  that  of  natural  and  sensuous  expe- 
iii-iui-    11  1.    ii.    U  •  ■■   so  also   the  water, 
str-H-k  from  tlie  lliiity  roek  (of.  I's.  Ixxviii. 
i;f.  I.     Tiu'  fooi!  and  drink  wiTe  intended 
'o  sustain  the  sti'it  as  well  as  the  hody, 
.and  to  stri-iiRthen  faith  in  a  spiritual  ordiT. 
Indeed,  these  tliiiiRs  were  witnissis  n.>t 
much  to  ail  ordi  r  as  to  a  f  >>'■■' i'"<''' - 
prestMU-e    of    Christ.     Tlio    watii  wliuli 
tht-v  dr,ink  came    fi  ^'in   .i  .^fintudl     <  . /.• 
te/iiV/i  f.<U(Wd  tlu-iii  .all  tlu-  w-iy  .i".'  lU.:t 
rork  i:ot   only  typilicl   hut    a.  tn.'.li>    u  \s 
Christ.    Tills 'thoniilit  may  li.ivi-  1. .  "  -n^- 
Resled    to    I'.iiil    hy   tlu    Ji-wisli  iriditioii 
tli.-il   tlu-    |si:u-litis   were  aoi-. imnani.-d  on 
tlu-ir   iiu.r.-li  I  \    a    r.  • -  k  "  ;.-lol,ii!:ii.  Iik.-  a 
bee-hive."    wliuh    rolU'il   alti-r    tlie  cani]!. 
The  use  of  the  word  spiritual  shows  tliat 


I'anI  ilul  ii.>t  himsi-ll  lit.rally  a.l.  pt  this 
i;roir  ..|i;.-  tradition.  Imt  la-  al'|H-ais  iii  this 
'|..i--,iL:r  I..  lia\,  ,-ul..l.t.-.  1  il.  llu-  Iliaillia 
ami  llu-  w.iur  ithoiiKli  oii'.y  the  latter  is 
sj,<-cith-.illy  ailtuU-d  to  in  thi>  cimneetion) 
are  inaiiiusiatious  of  the  wonder-workiuK 
ini-si'iK-r  not  so  nnich  of  (lod,  as  of  thrisi, 
.u-corilniK  to  this  passage.  This  implica- 
tion of  Christ  in  Israel's  early  history  is 
wry  rare  in  the  New  Testament:  for  an- 
other illiistr.ilion.  if  11  1.  xi.  Ji<.  where 
Mi>ses  in  KKyiH  luars  "tlie  reproach  (if 
Christ."  C. -nsuli  ritiL;  the  pn-i-i-dinii  refer- 
ence to  li.ipn-m,  aii.l  111.-  s.,ilis,-,|iu-iit  a!ln- 
tjiii!  td  til.  l.-'id's  supiu-r  (  vv.  Kit.  I.  it 
seems  lii..;hly  pp.li.ilile  tliat  I'.'iiil  ret;ar(led 
llu-  f...  .,1  ami  drink  of  the  wilderness  as 
.s\ml...lu-  ..f  lliat  s.,ippi-r. 
'  5.  Main  wen-  c.illed.  Imt  few  were 
clu.-<-n.  .\ll  were  priviiemil,  all  hut  two 
were  destroyed.  ] list  as  ill  the  (ireek  r.ices, 
there  were  iiiany  competitors,  but  only  one 
w  inner  (  1  \.  -'4  '  ■ 

6.  Tlu-  -iiiMtion  ill  aiuieiit  Israel  bids 
lair  to  he  n  p.  .lU  d  in  Cormih.  .-ind  that 
st..ry  w  as  wniti  n  that  we  may  take  warn- 
in'4  '  r.iiil  n.  IS  on  to  point  the  mora!  more 
iNpheilv  Now  these  things— Israel's 
initial  privileges  and  ultimate  fall  — were 
made  examples  for  us  (rather  than  tn 
these  thiiv^s  llu'v  /-ni;.-;/  M^r-V  of  us)  to 
the  end  that  we  do  not  lust  incessantly 
(lit.  /'.'  not  lusters.  f'7rirti-/u»7Tdt)  after  evil 
things,  as  they  on  their  part  t  1  lusted. 
Ilistorv  is  too  apt  to  repeat  it-eU":  Ihry 
and  the  fatlurs  (ver.  it  .in<l  the  > 
firm — antl  se>  the  sin  roIK  on.  niiii  ss  we 
allow  ourselves  to  he  l:iu-^ht  hy  the  f.ite 
of  the  fathers.  Tlu-y  lusted  after  the  K""d 
tllillijs  of  |-;.UMit  w  inel-i  they  li.e!  h  II  hi  - 
hiiui  (Xntn.  SI.  -I.  3'-  -"d  Coriiiil'-aiis 
I  ar.-  -imil.iily  tempted  hy  the  at'- letiotis  of 
the  lleil  ill.  11  life  which  they  had  nominally 
ahaiidom-il. 

i     7.    .\fter  this  ^ener.il  w;irtiin'j.  Taiil  now 
j  ;  n'Mu  r,!|i  -  the  t.-mpl at i. >ns  in  det.iil.  hirst 
;  an. I  t'.!i,.!;ii'u  -ital  was  ul.il.itry.    Do  not  be- 
I  come  idolaters,  as  some  of  them,  that  is. 
;  ,|„.  l-T-,K  i:i.--      I  lial   w.i-   til.  ir  I-.  uiptatioll 
as  it  stands  in  scripture  i  I'.xo  l.  xxxii. 
11.  "  The  people  sat  down  to  eat  and 
drink,  and  rose  up  to  play."  on  the  occa- 
i  sion  of  their  makitig  of  the  Rolden  calf  — 


Ch.  X] 


I  C'OKINTHIAXS. 


67 


down  to  eat  and  drink,  and  rose  up  tn 
play. 

K  NcitluT  let  tK  I'lniniit  luriiioatioii.  a-> 
sotiK-  nt  thi-ni  oomnulli  .1,  aiul  fi  ll  i;i  oiu- 
(lav  tliri'C  aiui  twriity  lli.'iiNainl 

<J  N\-itliiT  li-t  u~  Irtnin  I  iiri^i,  a^  miiuo 
<if  tlu-m  al-(i  tiMiipti  il.  and  vviTi-  di -.tr.>>  i  il 

1(1  N'litlur  iiiuriiiur  yc.  as  sinno  of 
till  111  aKii  iininmiml,  an<l  were  tlestroycd 
of  tlie  ilostruMT, 

II    Now  ail  the<e  tliiiiKS  happened  unt" 


them  for  cnsample-i :  and  tlu-y  arc  writ- 
ten for  our  ndnmnitioii,  tiixm  whom  tlie 
eiuls  of  the  world  arc  come. 

Wherefore  let  him  that  thiiiketh  he 
Maiidetli  take  lu-.-d  lest  he  fall. 

1.5    Thrre  liatli  mi  temptatiini  taken  y<>n 
liMl  <iu-li  .IS  :s  cKinmon  to  iii.iii 
t(  faillifiil.  will)  will  nut  sii!!i  • 
tiiiipli'.l  ,iliii>c  ye  .ire  al.!< 

w  itli  (111-  lc"iipl,itt  'i;  .i'  .  iii.iki' 
escape,  that  ye  iii.iv  lie  alile  to  he 


tint  (iod 
to  lie 
:  lint  will 
a  way  to 
:ir  It 


and  no  less  is  it  yunr  temptation  in  Cor- 
inlli.  I  he  |M,iiu>il  n  tVrence  l  i  im/hi^;  in 
coniuctiiiii  with  iiliil.itry  recall>  the  lirna.l- 
ininik'd  hruiiier  v.hn  -at  at  t.iMe  in  tlie 
idol's  temple  (viii.  mi  ami  rt  i r.  i-pectively 
condemns  his  ci>ni!iu't  as  pranu-al  i  '  i!.itrv 
(cf.  vi  r.  _'i  1.  W  lu  tiuT  till-  pl.iy  ( i!,.//,  oi 
Mxod.  .\x\ii.  ig)  t'"'k  ;i  lie.  nl  >  fnrm 
or  not,  it  is  nut  w  ilhcnit  -i-^niii  liin  r  th.it 
the  apiivtle  nniitinils  tnririaii'Mi  miinc- 
di.iti'ly  alter  idMl.iiry  Ni.     I  he  wor- 

ship (if  .Xplir.iihto  ill  I'i'riiilii  eirtainly  in- 
volved ininmraiity,  tiiiiiiv;li  it  i>  li.in'.lv 
likely  tli.it  a  Christian  woiilil  need  to  he 
warned  against  participation  in  such  a  cult 
as  that. 

8-10.  Nor  let  us  commit  fornication, 
as  aome  of  them  did  with  tlie  .M...ihiti.|| 
women,  as  recordcil  in  Xnm.  xxv.  I 
This  immorality  was  also  the  result  of 
idolatry;  and  the  end  of  it  was  that  there 
fell  in  one  day  twenty-three  thousand  — 
twenly-four  thousand,  according  to  Num. 
XXV.  g.  Apparently  this  is  either  a  slip 
of  memory  on  the  p.irt  of  I'anl,  or  an  error 
(it  -Mi.ie  transcriher  uho  nii-tiMik  5'  I'cr  -/. 
Nor  let  us  put  the  p.itience  of  th.  Lord 
to  the  test,  (ef.  N.ii.ih  \ii.  \,\)  as  some 
of  them  did,  when  they  complained  that 
they  had  been  brouRht  tip  out  of  Kgypt  to 
pencil  in  the  wiideriie---  (  N'mn.  wi.  4-*i; 
cf.   xiv.  jj),  and  they  were  destroyed  ; 

I  d7rui,w\i  i'7-o.    yr.'ipliio    r,  ;;.|'  i    by    the    ser-  ^ 
pentS.     Tilis  te-tinii  fit  tile  ilivill''  p.ilie'ire,  ■ 
tins  eha'.K  n-iiiii   "t   tlu    w;,;*-  li...!. 
akm  to  the  uiiCH/wrii;.,.  ,iu.ii!i-t  uhuii  I'.i  'l 
prneee'N  to  e.i"Moii  'he  f.  ■rilithi.iii-.  Nor 
murmur,  as  some  of  them  did  on  many 
(H-ea-!oiis   let,   Xiiiii.   .•  i\     j  > .  hi!  ii; 
tienl.ir  on- tlie  oeea-ioi;  .  f  th,-  r.V  I'i  ii  of 
Kor.ih  I  \mn.  \\  i.  .ji  >.  and  tney  were  de- 
stroyed by  the  anuel  destroyer  ( Nnm 
N\i.   -ii)--!'))    uho  (1,-tro'.        ill,    |"ir-t  hoiM 
(if  the   Ki;yptians    (h;\..(!.    xii    j,5),  iiiiiiy 
I-r.n'iti.'-    .'ller    the    pi  e-nniptnon-.    -ill  of 
n.-iM.I    (      Sam.    wiv.    \i<)    and   tin  .\-- 
syrian    host    in    Ile/ekiah's    time    i  Uai.ih 
xxxvii.    36).    As    the    mnrmurinR  for 


which  I-rael  w.is  thus  punished  w.is 
at;ainst  Muses  and  .Xarmi  (Num.  xvi.  41) 
it  IS  piissihle.  tliotiith  the  point  should  not 
he  i)re-.-eil.  ili.it  tlie  tirirninrinn  against 
V  luh  he  i-  cautioiiiiin  th,'  (.ormthians  is 
ai  ini-t  himself  .md  In-  fellow -workers  - 
■•Keli,  lor  ex.imiile,  a>  the  ch;ilIeiiKe  >f  his 
apo-tle-hip  ii\  1  (1  In  f.iviir  ot  this 
view  is  the  fact  that  he  .iddre-ses  his  cau- 
tion I, ere,  ,1-  111  viT.  7,  ill  the  second  pcr- 
-oii,  w';r:  ,  ,,.  Ill  \\  S.  I),  he  iti  'liides  Iiim- 
s<lf  with  the  (  oriiitlii.iii-.  There  is  an 
:iin:o-t  weir.l  it.t.iOoii  m  tlir  ^.l"un  nut 
ai'Twc.  liini'  ai'i'-  tune  l-r.ul  iir.il  and 
puiii  hrcl-  .i:!i:lar  -in-  .'111(1  .1  -iiiiil.ir 
f.ite  .are  po--ihi'itie-  for  the  t'  ■riilthl.ilis, 
linle-s  tlky  allow  thr:n-il\,  ,  t.i  he  admoil- 
i-hi-d  (  fot  titaia^  v(  r    111  h\  th. 

1 1 -13.  Now  these  things,  one  after 
the  other,  i  uuf'i.  a\  vt,iatvfr  1  happened  to 
those  men  by  way  of  example,  and  they 
were  written  once  for  all  i.i.'i/.v/.  opci 1 
for  the  admonition  of  us,  unto  whom 
the  ends  of  the  ages  have  reached,  l  .aih 
.lye  has  its  nwii  end,  and  ilie  end  of  all 
is  the  a.ne  in  which  I'.i'il  was  writiiiR  — 
I  lie  aiji  ti-liered  in  hy  Christ  and  preced- 
iiifj  His  >e(-ond  eotnim;.  The  Christian 
eliiircli  wa  the  heir  of  .ill  the  ))a-t :  history 
.■iilminated  in  it.  .aiiil  liie  ie--oMs  t.iu.nht  hv 
the  pa-t  Were  for  thi  ehiireh'-  .uhnonition 
Consequently.  ,1-  ;i  f.,11  1-  only  i,.o  po— 1 

lile  (witne-N  the  hi-lory  of  .ineieii!  l-r.ul 
i  '-t  alluded  to)  let  him  that  imagines 
he  stan.'s,  ,1-  the  l 'oniuhi.ni-.  «ilh  llieir 
proiii  to  eoiieeit,  im  is;ined.  bcwarC  Icst 

he  fall.  I  h.;t  i>  the  :.  --..ii  of  llie  pa-t. 
lliit.  tlioiii;!,  till  re  is  the  ehanee  (.f  falliny, 
there  is  .il-o  III.-  eh.in.-.  ..f  ..\.-rconu!u  : 
f  or  temptation  has  n(  t  overtaken  you 
except  such  as  men  ean  bear  (  h'  im - 
i(,  and  '  '  (1  .  God  c.  n  be  trusted 
not  to  let  you  be  tempted  i  eyond  you 
strength,  but  with  fh"  tempt, n ion  he  w 
also  make  the  way  out.  so  that  you 
can  bear  up  under  it.    In  .  i'.m  word-, 

there  i-  ik  t'd  of  \ii!i!  :;ee  (.^XfTiru'i  on  t.n. 

part  of  man,  aii'l  taith  in  the  Kraciuia 


68 


I  CORINTHIANS. 


[Cn.  X 


14  win  n  fiTf.  my  (Uarly  l)fli)vc<l.  floe 

fn.-  iili.lalry. 

Ik  I    -i.i.ik  .-f*  tu  wi-c  nu-n;  ui'Ik*'  >•' 

wll.ll  I  v.is 

It,  I      <  iij.  i'i               ■■      U  A  ■   !  :•  -. 

i»  It  in.t  till'  i-i •mtmiiii. '11  "I  lit    ill  I  "! 

("Iiri-t"'     ilif   tirt.iil   vvliiih    uc  Irtak. 


it   iii't   ilu-   coniniiinion  of  the  Itmly  of 

17     1'.  r   \' (•  /'.•iiijij   Itl.l!  >     I'l   li'.'.,'!. 

I'lu-  l"i.l\  :  t'T  \vi  .in  .i.l  iMlLiUir^  i>i 
th..t  lr..iil 

iS  1;,  h..!  !  1m,i.  I  a!!iT  til'  \]'  -h  :  arc 
I'..'  i!n  \  u';ti!;  .  '  ••I  llic  >acrttu-<s  par- 
l,ik>  I  -  "t  lilt-  .'il'-ir  ■ 


ami  tin-  -iii^-'Ihn   p •  I  •  i- 

will  w.it.  h  l!i.-r  u!i.i  h  tl'mi-i  I\.  V 


Paul  li>  liiM  .!  t;..  t  il  l  .  '':«  ' 

nril'T  of  tlmii:^  w  1-  i  >  ii  ■  .!i  '• 

i!  u  1  r:\  ■''  li  -  '■'■<  ■  li' 
,!,    ,  .  I.  '       •  ,    .      :1    :    1  ■:    «■  :  !i 

il  ,    ,11,1  .  ,  .f  !h.  ■  •  •  I'"'  •' 

V,  "-i-  till-;  tr",i-  "f  I'lir  •  n  n  av'r  ;ii;il  ' 
,  N ,  !  V  II    :.  .rv   li.;-  i'--:i  ,1  m  '  -  1' 

,,,,.!"  ami    i!~   i       ;  -  ■>'<■   t'T  •>-     '  'I  'ii' 
,  wMit.    ,.|'    !-■  !•  "~    lr,-:-'r\     !i!:',im  l\. 
„,..,,•  <,r  1.      ,  I  '11.  >      ii  ■  "It  ai!  Ir  •  •■  v 
11   iii.iy  In-   -.ii'l  :   '.'  ,  >.■  .'        >'        '<■  ' 
fU-.i         IIS  /  .■>■',■  ."i '  •'■'■',■« 

/'•■I-  Clll"  iIl/lJ!  ■       I'    1  \  1  r      111.        Illl~  -lltl"!! 

illii-.ti;ii<^  llii'  -  'Inlarj  nilliti  iiof  a 

.,|  il:,  |,  :-!.  /  .■.■••II',/  II. 'I  !i.i.  ,■  \  i( 
i^:ii,>'(;/i/.  I"  ,  lii:  ,11.  \\  I-  an.-  ri'ttiiiiiU  ■!  "t 
till'  iiti>-!i,>'i  "I    1.  /',/,.'   \r  »•■.'  '■•■<■/ 

--what    D.ivul   ,!ii!:     Ml    1' ■■   pa-t  a 
i,f  iti~triu-t  1.  11  a-  il  a  rcv*- 

ialiuii  «>f  till'  wav-.  of  (i'mI  Willi  nit  11, 


I  Itr  rr  th,-  /V  K.'lt.i-.'  iv..  IJ-J.-t. 

14.  I  !h-  pri  \  '  -  iM'  -  !  .ii.'i  w  .,~  a  L'l  n- 
cKil   vv.iriuiit;  a'j.iiii-l      '    ,1  .i.i.',  r  "t    ri  - 

an, I    iii'-ii-    ii.iili'-il.it'v    .1  u.irr.iiii.', 
aL:.iiii-t  .1-  \ .     ll    w  ,1  •    tl.i-        lali  .^    '  t 

Is-.,,  1   I'lai   :,  .1        t'l,'   I  nii.M'i.  :i   It!   \.  r. 

.i'i,l  li;i'  tii-i        '.'i,-  i"  ii-  -iH.  iii,-  \^  i!'i- 
fiu-     i..n.    ••  i  >••     !  •  •     •       ••••     I  '-" 

t  I,  r  r  1,  It  1  ;  ■■■'..!  I'  ■■■■  ■>  'll  ''  tl" 
11,  \l  -iiti,,!!  -ill!  Iicjin  .'I  II  "ia>  lio. 
J.    M.;:.-     .iipi-.,-r.    tl.i     !  i^l        ".ui:    ,  lid-  » 

,  :        ,    w  i.l-     Wherefore,    my  be- 
loved. Hce  from  idolatry.    \hr  |,.i:tuiilar 
111'. Mil, -11  to  wliuli  till-  < 'iTiiriii.i'i-  VM  u- 

,  .  |.  .  ,1.  .\  .1  ..  .1-  \\  f  li:,>.  ■  ••  ,  11  '  '  ?  II"''-  "II 
M'l.  ,1  pri'lial'ly  that  in\"'\'il  iti  ■t.ii- 
tii-.:  ill'  :r  111,  ml"  r  li'p  in  I'.iii.iit  .  Inl,-  1 
wlp.-h  ^^"ii  w.i-  I' III!-:  I,'!  I'\  ...iii'i:  ■! 
I  iri  n'lp  .1 1'  '1  -  '11  a  -.1.  T  II.'  ■•  ,1,1-1  I  '  if 
tivipati'^n  111     ■'•'1  a  ;     all. ii;i;li'-t  111- 

funipatilil,-  will  p'.i!  ;.ati.  "  Ml  tin'  l."lil\ 
viipp.  r.  ,in.|  ilii-  ■  ■  "  '  '  ^  -  ■  •'  'ill 
pr,  a'    ,  ,1  nil-  1  '1'  -~    l!: '    '  .t, 

15,  16.    I  speak  an  to  men  of  v.  1 

sense:  jttdge  of  my  statemenu  for  your- 


selves (i'i'»i!i  A-  t'.T  ill'-  \\':.!'.  .it 
liic  iii-liiiili"!!  ,'f  till-  -nppi-r.  .I>  ■      11  1  --,  '1. 

•al  uli  ili  I-  riiiu,  Uii"\Mi  .,-  the  cup  of 
blessing,  tlu   i  ip  which  we.  r  ii  ili,- 

,li"'.li   ..I    l.ii  .'i.  "!■   p,  v:  .ai~   till'   pr,  -iiliiii; 

iniiisfr  "II  1,  h.i  i  bless  (tli.it  i-.  tin- 
.  :p  I  n ,  r  u  'i  ■!  w  <'  ,  •11'  r  a  p'  1;  "i 
I'  Hi'.;    •.  I    M  ■'  k  \  --i        »'  \  ■> 

«i'\„-, TjTMi    does  it  II 111-  ,  !ip>  not  con- 
stitute   a    fellowship   in    the   blood  of 
CHRIST.        1     '  ■:■]'.  ai.y  III. .III!'  r  'if  f.  l- 
■  1-  -i.-i-  .  •  r.  iM'  -  As 

for  the  bread  wliich  we  break,  does  it 
not  constitute  a  fellowship  in  the  body 

of  cn  K  1ST  ?  I  III'  I!  :p  1-  nil  nil,  "It  1  In- 1  (ire 
llh-  liri.iil.  a-  in  l.iiki'  xxii.  17.  l'),  lint  cf. 
.'(1  It  1-  ii"t  inipi'--iMi'  tliat  liu-  .-.•tf  ./ 
:h:,-.<siii-^  w.!'-  1  clli-il  fri'iii  nitc  "f  tin* 
Clip-,  ul.ii-li  l  >r<  liic  -  iiiu-  ii.ani''.  in  tin- 
p.i--"'.iT  li:i-l  :  till'  I'l'l  ii.iim'  w.!-^  c  ii- 
f,ii;-.|  ami  i  r.!!i  ■!' >riin  il  I'V  ih.  M, --iiiu  .{ 
(  Iin-l  'lu"  i»i'  .'-  "1  f' '.l"W-!iip  arc  li,  rc 
-lii^ci -t' ll  lai  ill., I  the  nunili,  r-  uilli 
11  ;h,  r  —  |.\     .       -i'  ;       .'''i  •intii:  in 

.•..nu-    •!.  til.  V  .-.r.   1."    .        .'  .    'Im  1'  .It  "f 
I  til'-  111.  111!.,  r-  Willi  t  iiri-t  :  lli.it  w!'-.  't  lli'-y 
I  -li.iif   '.n      .11:11'.  11        1'.  .i    !   t'  ■  .'.   '  ■"  a 
!!',  i-'in.   (h'li    liiiii-i  li    ill    II  .    -  .  '  iiri.il 
.i-p'.-l.  -Mill"  li.T,'.  l-v  till    |.;..  il  -i.i'l  ami 
tin    li.  'Iy'  In-  Im-!1.     I  i'.c  a--.  .,     • '. 'H  "f  tl'c 
iia  ii'l,,!  -    witli   I'hn-t   i.-  .1-   r,    1   a-   ih,  ir 
<'i.,li  .11   ■,'."•!!  I  a>  !i  I'tli' r.    "  I'.  p"\\,r 
,.'  •!  c  .'^.u -"I  ••  i-  ii-'i'artc'l  l,,  tlu  ni  i"  ,' 

,.  r.nm  M    .ii"!  ilu  y  luC'tiic  .a  iii   '';.:   I 

a':,l  a  ft'  u-lnp  in  \irt  i,  .  I  tii.  ir  i"'n- 
1  I!  11  ri'l.it:  -11  t"  linn."  It  1-  t  nari  ly 
,  >li.irir,._'  in  :i  tilt,  l.nt  nr'.-ti  will  .'i  I'l  r-"n. 

17,  18.  'II.c  -irc--  "f  .irL'Hin.- nt  lic-i 
'i,n  till-  f'!!..u-!:'p  of  tin  ii'iiii!"!-  witii 
(  I'.'M.'.'.  will  !)  1-  in,'"inpaliM''  willi  their 
i  i>  tl"W  !i:p  wiih  ilcni,.n-:  ••!-■  \~  p.ir,  11- 
I  Tii''t!c.illv  iinl'c.iti  'i  the  niip'.riima.  "f  'I  'ir 
jr  'l"\v-ii'|)  will  '.lu'  ail. 'ill.'  li;.  ir 

1  ,  .  'IMll'  .11     p.U  '     'I'-it  :■  '11     111     ■  I'l  l! 

I     Scei^^;  there  is  one  bread,  we, 

r'l.mv  though  we  he  ' 'i;  ii:,iir  are 

one  t)"dy,  for  we  all  have  a  share  from 
I'M  the  one  bread.  \L;ain-t  t'<-  irr  .  - 
11, ,11  iii  .\.  \  aii'l  k.  \'.  r'f,,r  I'.'.  !"  i  ;j 
in.iny  ..r,  oin'  l.r,  i.',  .I'l.l  "ii'  !,,..1\  \  \ 
"  M'l 'Iil:  that  Ui  .  u .  .ir,  tr.i'u.  .lu- 
">!ic  bread,  one  body,"  I'I   \'  1.  the  f\trciiie 


Ch.  X] 


I  CORIXTHIAXS. 


69 


!•)      \\l;..t     v;,y     (  'lu'Il- 

tli.it   the  1 

.•1 

^  .■ 

iMiuiit    ilriiik    i!  1-  ri 

|i    I'l  tilt- 

anMhiii^;,  ..r  ili.it  winch  i> 

■•lllTcl  III 

I  ; 

1  i.r. 

!.  .111.1 

'In    1  lip   i.|    ill  \  ll-  \-, 

.  itirii.'  lu- 

t\cc Ic .  111.  .N  1^  .i;u  liiiii^  • 

(Kr:  - 

■1  '!ii-   Lor. I'-  i.iMi,  . 

ll.!  .'I  iho 

-M    Ilut  /  .f.jy,  lli.i!  rli. 

whii 

!i  tin- 

l.i!  Ii 

lit  i! 

Ml. 

(  It  lltill  N     --.H  I  It'uT.     till  \  -.1 

>i  lt;.  r    til  1 

loils 

,  "■' 

•!  .  1 

and   r.i.t    u<   l.-.l:   :ii:.|  1 
>  I'   ■■111  'u'll   l;.i\  1    !.  r.  ''A  -111] 

«.-.:!il  111. 

tll.lt 

1  il^j 

'  .it  i- 

Ui    -If. 'ii^.  r  !;i 

Ultll  >\i\ 

iiiljir.iliiil'ility  i-f  hrt\uf  lu'iin:  nsril  in  two 
oiltirily  liilTtTiiit  v.  n^.-^  in  oiu-  .li.  it  \.r>i' 
-•in  till'  t'liriiirr  li  ilt  t'lktir.ii  :\ •  Is .  ;ii  tin- 
I.IMir    liliTili       li-.iy   !h-  iir^.'l 

-',11,        iiiiivt   h,,,,-   It..  |.,r,,  :  ' 

I'im.iIm-  I  I\   \'. :  Mil-  i.,in.,kir-,   \    \.i  ,  /  ' 
wi.'ilil   ri.|iiri-   till'   ■.iinplo   i;i-iiit!\f  «a 
I"  'I.I    ar.l    Ki  ll.  t  r  :    i'    h  i-    it-    l  .  1 

f..ric.  .ii'ij  iiiiluMti  -  tlu-  -..'■.r.'.  lii,  t.i  i.i; 
/'•.■m  uliuli  the  iii.'tiiIi.t-  In  M  t  l;.  tin  r, 
/l.;;  .  I  ,i;  ,;  (M«Ta.  »\u,M.  I  iutl  i~  tin- 
hnn.l  ulii.ii  liin.l-  thiin.  To  il!ii-tr.ilf 
this  pi. lilt,  r.iii!  ,1-k-  li>  rent  1 1  r>  t.i  con- 
sider the  ritual  ].ra  tui-  ..f  tlu'  Ji  w-.  Israel 
after  the  flesh  tas  i>i.i>o'-i'iI  t..  tl;.'  -i.iru-i.il 
Israel:  cf.  (ial.  vi.  \<\  iv.  ..j.  I<..iii  li.  _Hji. 
Do  not  those  who  eat  the  sacrifices 
have  fellowship  in  the  altar?  (lit.  ".irf 
'''1^  II. 't  i-i . mil, uiu. -ants  (if  llu-  altar'"i 
i  :  '  ji  Wire  litvly  lioiiiul  to  c.-i.-li  ..tluT 
li>  the  particiiiaii.iii  in  a  oiniitr ti  in.  i! 
ami  t'l  tlu-ir  (i.i.l  liy  tlu-  r»-i-.>siimi«m  nt  a 
(-1  iiiiiii.ii  alt.ir. 

15.  20.  P;;il  li.i-  1.,  ,  II  aru"!:!,.^'  f.  .r  t!'.- 
riM'ity  of  '.In-  i'. 'iniinniidii  li'tA.i'i  t'..' 
u  .i-lnpii~   ,111(1   thi-   i.i.ml      1    '.  ■  r   u  r 


I  and  I  do  not  wish  you 

to  have  fellowship  in  demons.  li.  liin.l 
t'li-  1.1..!  t.i  wliu-lt  till-   r.iKan  --iirty  s.i,-- 

I  !■  .  .     t>    .1    irtt.lltl    .i.  '11. .Ill,      I'.'Wrr:     .111. 1 


•  W  II  •  p.irtl.  1(1. 1'r  111  tl 
■t  !i.  .       If  1 11;  It.  .!  Ill  ,-1  lllN  : 


iti.i.il 
ni'.ti  Ultll 
I  K  iiii 
1  It, 


:  i  '1  w  1  -  oh- 
'  t  ';;i;  ii  wiii 


t' 

a\  •  !    .11!.!  \\:\ 

I'     ■  I  '     1 '      !    »  I  ' 
I       21,    22.      >".-il  .1 

'  Ciiri-t      I      •'■    v«'  iv    ,,        .  .  ■  ,!    „  ,    .,  ..  .. 

I  1.1  -tX    U  M    I'i,  ...      \       ...  ...    .    .  . 

tw.i  til  l-;.  '      Ye     •:  ■      catin.it  ilimk  tlic 
Lord's  cup  and   the  demons'  cup:  ye 
cannot  share  the  Lord's  table  and  the 
demons'  table.    \  i  lin-i-.iM  .  .un  ■  .i  Imi.l 
Itiini-.If  ?iv   a   s.il'-in-i   ri'li.-i!   t.i   a  pow.-r 
ul  i.  li   i.   tin-  ctu  my  ol'   t'liri-t    (cf.  the 
w.'f'T  111  M    ici    Or  do  we  hiv.  t!,.- 
1  '•tiip'.!:iy  .111.1  t!i.-  ait.!.i.  :i>  t..  provoke  the 
'Lord  to  jealousy?  i  f   I).t    ^wp    'i  i 
'  /        /    i.f  •   !.,.  t,  .ll.  1.-..  ..-nri-  i-n 

•      '•...«<•'»  •    V-  r     JI     I  t!-.,  .,;,.!  ll,.. 


t. 


11  iv 


:ip    i-t.iMi-lii-.I    Iiy    til.-     -:,.Ti'i.  i.,i     !,,,il.  |.! 


'■■ill.t  t  lirut 

Are  we  stronger  than  He?    S  ir.  :\  w.- 


\  iKitiii.i!  iiil'crcncc  woiiid  t!:.,i  h.  .it- 
liil.iil.  .!  r.  ,.!  'y  t-.  tin-  id"l-  ;it  tlu'  !i.  ,.ti,.'ii 
li.i-'-.  .iriii  '  .  h  i.  ,iT.:i  l.  m-  iiicI  i\iii 
4.  ilii  ri  i-  i;  1  ■. !■  1  ■  ■!  • '  ,  •  '  <..!,. 
KM.-ir.l  .lu  iii.^l  llr  ■  I  '  ■    ,  -m- 

tiii  ics:  What  is  it  then  that  I  attirm? 
That  a  thing  sacrificed  to  an  idol  is 
anything?  t  >:\.,y.\  >  \  .-t  t'n-  ..itth  .in.l 
all  its  cattle  .ar..-  the  I-.ird'-;.  :■:  .1  ir.  .it 
will  tint  ati'c.'t  .i-;r  st.indiiin  u  ;h  (i.  .1 
(viii.  Ki  Or  am  1  ri-.rtiii'.;  that  an  idol 
is  anything?  <  .■rt,.!iily  not-  il  I  I....- 
alri-uly  c\;i'ic!!'.  d.  nicd  (viii  (i  But 
«!iat  I  ;i.-.crt  is  th  -.  t'lit  t!,. ■■r;.'!i  t!i,- 
I. I'd,  the  iK.M...-  !t-.!t.  1  •  ■■  til.-.- 
sa.-riticcs  .1'.  ii'^.iK.'  :i  ri'.il  t.  il  .  '  i:-  wnh 
(Icni'iii-.  i  1  -  '  ■  .  '  1  11,  r  til.-  ;•- ri.ii-r.lMp 
of  S:it:n!.        !,  ,•  t-  a    Ti  \M-Ii  Iie- 

'i.  f  winch  l':i!il  -h.ir.  .1.  n  ..'  .  yi--  -i.  and 
i';'''u'ncc.  .111.1  w.r.'  i-in'ciilN  ri-.  i-.l-d  a< 
t!'.'  lii-iiir.  r-  1 .1  h<  It'-.  "  ,  ■'  •  I  ■  1  r.  iv, 
4.  l-Vh.  II  .-.  I  .  ••!  •••  ■  ■  ■. .  tht 
sacrifices  which  tlie  he.-ithen  ofler.  they 
offer  to  demons,  and  not,  ,i  i  !  '  -  iHx 
tli-[i.i>cd  iicr-i'ii  nsiyht  ni.iini.iin.  to  God, 
—  a  quotati.in  from  l)<-iit.  xxxit.  i?  (cf. 


|.:,.  11. 

iii'.p'i. 


ill  It 


p.  w  .  rfi:!  (  111  ;-t  1  i  f   J  I .r    Mil    .?  1 


with 

It       ..f  the 


d  I.'. 


II.  I 
I 

I„  ,  I- 
\  ri. 

i  t!'. 

i  ai' 


t' 


■  I    .,.  • 

■f'.t. 


.  h  ..1  ll.  , 


ti'i  WW  i;i\  N  i!  I'.i'il's 
i   I  \  I.,  ii  t-    ..f  t'l,- 

t  'l',.  ■  'h.-  -  1.  ■  111.  ■  '■■  ..-'I  t. .  ri  .1.  111. HI-, 
•'•  I  it  l!ir..w  di.  «..r.|  -p.  ir,'..  r.  .d 
:i  .i-ii'.ii  with  tli.m  ai'  ;i--iM-i;iti. m  in- 
1. I '  w  lh     t'l.  r     i  I    w -111].  with 

(hi;   t        1  hi-      |.  .r..|      .1      t!  .      -..f..-!..!.  'it  is 

|. 'liii.  irar\ .  h  't  th.-  p;  r„  ii.',    I.,     iid  Paul's 
•  if.  !';. 'll       inT.Ti:i'i'  i:!'x  'rnc      \  (  hri-ti;m 
M  --'   '    t  :'!rntiiv  hi.i:-.  !f      l.-,-'  i,f  .ill  in 
1    1.  I'i  :ii    ami       '.  inti   (•!..•"  «  r      with  in 

,'! 


n'!l!L.'!\  llllln- 


l!'i'  I  .  '  ■    w  hirh,    !;■  'W  .  \  <  r 

i-.  Ill  111  i-vpr.  -  .11.  .,11-  ;ui!i-(  "tiri-tian  in 
jfliiir  oriKiii  ;ind  prc^iip|Hi>iti.iiis,    Tlie  bond 


70 


1  COHIXTHIAXS. 


[Cu.  X 


j<    All  iirc  !.i«  lul  I'T  in.-.  I.iit  all  |  W  h.if >«i»-viT  is         in  the  shambles 

;,t<-  iiMt  ,  N|.c,lirnt     all   tlntiiiv  an- |  f/i,!/  f.il.  a^kinu  no  (|iirsti.m  for  coiiMiftice' 

I,  iAl;il  u<r  iiK'.  Imt  all  iliri^s  nlilv  ; -.ikc. 

.  J    l  .t  11. i  ui.ui  •..  i  k  111-  ■■\Mi.  lull  tM'ry!     J>    I  '.r  t!ic  t  artli  is  the  Loril'^,  and  the 

II.  Ill  ..iMilit  r'-  .-..-ri/z/j  I  fiillu-N-  tlK-n  .'l 


IhIi\''"  '  !in  !iir-    tiin-l           a    i  /im.(.'m>i 

),..;  ..  ■    .  ■     ■         I    !.:.'•!    ■  'll')    .1    ill  - 

!.  .\      \ ,  '       ,    :i' !     .    ■ ■!!      Ill  tlif  u '  'I  II- 

,.|    |'i..i.  t    l<,iin-.i>.    '!li<-  ilaiiU'T  wlii.li 

I'aiil   <li  .fl^    ;ii   llii-    I'.i-Mii    -  int!.-^   u  1- 

lli.  .  .|      tu-  ..|  l.r-'',-  1  ;  ■■  .1 

;  \i  :\,   .in  1  .  I.;.'.  ,  ,1   J  .          r.  .-t 

C'lit    11,,;:      •     't:.      1  ■      !   •  -  :l  ult'i    1  '.,L\,-'  - 

i>  II.  t  i!'  i:  ,           ■!•  >   '!':\  .!> 

s. .  !-',  ■  ll'.lt 

r.i.,         ,  .     -  ^     li:..-.     |.ti';-  ll.l.  - 

]i;irr  I.  '  > 

W  I'll.     I    •  . 
;,t   iT.  : 

t!..  :ii  .  !.  ;t  :     ■!  ^  V...   ^  ■      .„  , 

|I„  ,M    !.'.     til,-  -     :         ■  -  'r  ■  ■: 

■  il         u  III  Ji  r  s,  1  ,-1  -       :   - :  r-  Ilk;  .•■  •n-lr.r: 

IMlJ     |.  .1  i-i     .111    I!..      W  ■  :     ■    |1  ■■■        ■    !     II-  111. 

.iii.l   j'U  vt-ni-    Il  :■     1'         ■  ■  -i 

I  liri-I  ■■    .  /  rf.  -  I'l' '  .      •'.    11    i'    »;•(  ' 


-  -  v\:ii  ■ ' I! .. 
•     ,-  ,i    ,1-     :  vv 


III.-  i 


■  ■  Li'  .-'ty  I  \.        \t.  1  I. 


'1  111-  1.1-1  ri.  1!  wV  -i  r\o  I"  inlf' ..liu'.- 

tli<-  11.  \t   •■-••!!.  uai.li  il: li--.--  til.    1, - 

).;;ntll.l   V    .  i    1     \  TLT   ill   till'   ■•1"  11   111  Ills'  t  'T 

i-aliiiy   111   .1  I'll*,  .iif  li  n-i'  nil  ,1"   lli.d  III'! 

1),-,  II      ..!|.  ;  ,  il      111      -...-I    Ir  1       |. .      n|.  .1  -  I'll 

i-:i>i-  i-s  I  -  -  ntia'lN  .lit'trt.iit  Ir.iin  lli  ii  .1'- 
I     -1    •!•«•    l-.-t    -.vti.Mi.     Ill'     i.i..;  1- 
1 1    :  i:-.    .,  ■        ■         Ml.  .il    .-!!'•''!    ■ "    r     11-  - 
I  :  '    I-'.  .   \t-!    t'inTi'   i"   j.ail.ikc  "f  i* 
\v  .1  -    1  >  -.  ;  -!,  'I    .!-    .1    pi  .1.1  i.  iil    iK  Ilia!    .  ■! 
1  liri-i.  «:.::•  lit  ri-  -  .--Il  .-. ''I'l  1.  t  i-  l..!iT.i!'lc-. 
I  111-  ililt'i  r.  lu-c   I-  ill, it  tlii  ii-  It   \'.  '^  I  .I'  11 
,.t  lU,    i.i,  »,' /.I    .•.  m  a  wliii'li  1111- 

I'li.  i!  .1.  I'll,  r.iti'  .111.1  l..rin.,i  ,i--.H-iati"n 
v.  I'.li  .1.  ill. 'I'-  ;  li'  r.  i;  i>  I  ..ii'ilit  m  ''  i- 
iiiirki!  .  r  I  . it.  11  ,•'  a  tri.  in!'-  li  -u-v-.  wli.  :■• 
I :  ;.■  /  '  ii.'ii.'  .1  — I  ■  '11  Willi  i|iir-  .1110  i\\  1  ■  - 
1-.  .ili-i-M,    '•;.'  'il.    Ill-  .i!  I  in        t  iki  ii  I'  r 

ull.ll    il      -     11   -Itil.    .1-    .1    L'llt    ■  t    t'i.     I  ■  1 .1. 

I.I  uli..!!i  .,1!  till-  i-artli  lHl.-m;<  (\ii.  J'.l 

I'.inl  11  1-  .1  k.il  It  ri  till  liiiit;.  a^  lu-rc, 
III  |.>iiir-  til. it  111  liail  ili-fii^>.t  il  liit.iri-  icf. 
Mill.  ■  '1-1'.  ■;  III,.,  \v  h.i'  1-  .  .11  .  illii  r  i;!  I  niiwl^ 
pri.li.ilil. .  ill. It  ills  l.-itiT  vva-  lint  a!!  'iti- 
|iii-..-:|  .,!  I. Ill-  tin;.'  1  he  .-i-i--  lu-rr  i!i«- 
vit^M-il  W'.-i'-i   li  •••r.ilK         •  '    'r.  .|'i.  !il  ••< 

»-nrr<-ii  .-•<••.•         <  •••  « "'ir- -tiafi*. 

anil  ).t..l'.il.')  I'. ml  li.ul  li.  ■  n  >  \iir.  --ly  rc- 
<Iit«-»lr«l  III  thiir  Utter  In  »ii''Cii->  them. 


23,  24.  All  things  not  in  themselves 
I  ni>relirii-il>li  I  -  nil  a>  iiiiiTunirinn,  torm- 
'ratii'ii  \v  Vtt  lawful:  for  iiir  I  foi ) 

ill  till"  I'iaii-i  .11. il  the  next,  have  been 
w  ri.iiL:liill>  iii-1-rt..l  'ii  tlu'  te\t  iimler  the 
iii'iii.  lu  1-  . .!    \  I  !  i    ■  ■    ilir  |i.  Tit  was 

I li.    u  -' 1 1.  : I  11  . -1    1  '  ..li  -  i ill.  r' y  tor  his 
.  i\!i    -  iK.  .    I  I  r.    1  r   'lie   s.iki-   of  otliiT- 
\r  lirii-...-  .11'  but  they  are  not  all 

luotitable,  1    .  iJ.".v;'.'^ .  .c- 

, .  ,  All  things  are 

I  lawful,  but  they  do  not  all  build  up  tin' 
j  .  Ii-iii  h  i  i.i  '1  '  I  I  ■  -Ill,  as  111  M.  IJ. 
I    1  III. IV  -'li'i" ■     •'.  .1  .1..'    -  -',.1  ■i''i' 

'      -.,!,!    I.\    liii-    I  ■  ■!  :n!ii..,!i-.    ri-li"lii'.;  piT- 
1         .1  fi  i|  1  lit   w  -i'!  •-!    I'.iiil  :   the  siu'- 
;,'',:■       I  ..  1-1  -    will    -i  ■  n    li.-    Ills    n  loft, 
i  \\  .    ■;  i-t  111   i.!.i..!i..i  t..  Kiiiil  our  liherty 
■  '  '    ilu   ihiirtli's  -.ike,  e-i'iiially   for  the 
.1    .if   till'       rill'-'!.  .IIS    livollicr.  I.ilierty 

h.  a  tr-'-t,  t'  i- '1  iinsi-lli>.lily :  let  no 
I  man  seek  im  i.  ;>  his  own  i;'i.  .«l,  but  iM-ry 

1  11  .1  ..  that  of  others  i  lit.  ili,-  •■tlii-rt. 
I  i  'il-  ri -ti  h'tii '11  of  Iil'i-rly  hy  eoii~iiItTali.in 

i.  .t  ..tlii-r-  is  il'ii-t!  i:. .!  ill  lilt-  M-iiml  i\ir. 

I     25,    26.     X-    :.'i    iii'>r;i'!\    n.-i'iil  •iiiii..^s 
'  ,ire  I"  ---iMi  .  w  In  ! '    11-  -  -  -■'  ■  r  '■  •    I  '      r  is 
i  1  "111  .  rii.  .;    anything  that  is  sold  in  the 
market  >      •       eat,  without  making  any 
investigation  for  conscience'  sake.     1  i 
!  . -t  .-!.:  1  .11  1  11 .  'I   tun  iim  I'l'i-t.i ■ 

1 1-  I -  .1  I  .11.11^  11' '  i|l!r-t-'  '!■-.  ail'l  lll.lt 
t'  -r     ';,'      -ill.'      .11     '1*-  -li--  ''  ii."i.-.     tli.it      |s.  to 

kii-;i  . '-ii-i'ii  111  I  li'i!!  |ii  iiii;  ili-tiii  li.'l  .  or 
il.i  .askiiiL;  no  ii'-.-t;' -ns  tli.it  .-iii-r  .-iit  of 
0.  iii-i'ii  lit !' ills  si.-rii]ili -.  (a  I  s,  ,111-  jin-ii-r- 
aliif  I'.iiil  i-  .s^^'^lIli^  to  il.-i'.-iii.im-  the 
r;-'ii  •  iil  -pirit  :  I'.,  i:^.  '  li.i|i|iii\  I'ir.irks 
"  -s.  r  :  -I'i-iiv  is  i.ftiii  more  iniiiri"'!-  than 
-  'i<iiin  i'>  '  raill  1-  here  tllinkiilu  :ij.]i.ir- 
inli  v  of  liie  e.  .ii-.'u  iii-e  of  the  seriiji'.'.o'ls 
liv.itlier  I  M  r  Jii  W  here  this  is  not  in- 
\.  l\ii!,  t'li  I  III  i-ti.iii  has  a  rialu  to  .!:,■'! 
Ills  ii!,,  rt\  for  the  earth  is  the  Lord's 
and  the  fulness  thereof —  .-m  ..nv  n  i!    i  .1 

li.ij.|.\   .i|.i.  i  .ili-.'ii  I'l'  tin-  il  \t    I'-  \\  \  I 

If  the  i.Htl:  .iiiil  ,i!l  til. I!  tii's  it  i-  (l.id'-, 

li.ithiiijr  is   v'..iiinio!i  or   iiiu'it.in,  .ii!.!  the 

llle.it    s.HTIlli'eii    to    nl.'l-,    .Is    It  is  really 

(iod's.  Is  as  [Hire  as  any  other. 


I  CORINTH  FANS. 


71 


27    If  any  of  them  that  Ik-1icvo  imt  Iml 
vou  /i>  a  tnisl.  ami  \c  he  (h-'iH.x,,]  i,, 
what<i>«'\tr       Mt  ln-tDrf  ymi.  c.it,  .i^'niiik 
ii>>  iniiNii'  ii  inr  ciiii>cioiico'  >aki\ 

.'S  11  any  iii.iii  ^.ly  titit'i  yon,   I  h:s 

i'*  clTiTnl   111  ^.UT'IM-.-   \:-:U>  .  ,,t   •  .t 

li>r  hlN  >;,kv  th.it     l.ut  1   ;|.  1.  -    ,  i- 

Si-iriii  i  ■  s.i!,,  :  I'.ir  1';.  r,i::!i  i.\  LolI'.-, 
.iii'l   t!ii-   !  !:Iiir      ill.  : t 

Jl)      t  .  ■Il-I-U  IHT.      I  l!i;IU-  I.U1I, 

hut  ><\  til'  ii!:.!  :  !i  I  •,\h\  \>  \:)\  liln:-;. 
j:u!m.il  111  ;iii..t'iir  oj, //.'',(  i-i .ii-i-u  ni-.- - 

.?(»    l-'ir   It    I    Iv    Krai-f  !•    .1  [MSt.iK.r, 


Whv    .1111    1         i!    -!•■   •..  t!   .-t    !     !    •  >»i::,h 

1        f  ihatiN  - 

.U     U  h.       :    •!:,  T.  J..-.  .  .. 

Iff  wli.ii^iu'. .  r  \.-  ,:i  ■,.  «}..rv 

|.'t  (i.'il 

I  ( in  !■    Ill  iiii-  •  ,  •     ■    (  ,  t(ip 

I  Jl  I'.iT     !•!    t'l.i-    ( 1.  :.v  •    ■     '  .  !';,• 

.  imt.  li  ..('  (ii.il  : 
I      v5    1  ~-u  I    |.;..,-,     ,,■!  ■, 

:         ^ .     I   ■•    «.  rkt!u    W..  ■    ■  a  m    f  ■  |.tt» 

t'  •■    ;>r.'rit    .  t    iti.iiu.    t;...r    -V.  ■.     111, u  In- 

'v.lV,:! 


27-30.    Sinii'.ir'y  if  one  of  the  unbe- 
lieving Ciiriiit!ii.iii~  invites  you  in  I'.i-' 
111  r.  and  you  make  up  your  mind  to 

-     I':  -  1  ..|    P  •'       •■  •    \  Ml. 

!■  :t    '      ,■,,!,;■       ■  .  ■  any- 

thir.g  that  is  set  u,  n  the  table  >■  u 
in  i\  eat.  without  making;  any  investiga- 
tion for  conscience'  sake,     i  lie  t     I  • 

t-  1.   .l!;'!    11    till-   i]';r^':i'll    .if    ll~   ■  :   .   11  :- 

111  ,1  rai- .  .!.  t!.>-  «■'  ! 1,111  t;  .1  ■  \: 

But.  ui...i     ■  .i.         ■   '  • 

If  some  body  say  to  you,  "  This  has  Vi'-cn 
offered  in  sacritice."        1  tip        S\  i  1 

.1  M-  u     I '  1  I'l  '111 .  ;\  r  .,  ■  1:      ■  lii;  \\.-~  v  ■  ,■ ' 
i '.  1^-  '  ■  .    Ill  ;,',I»-l:i  \ '  r  u  1 1.  ■  il'   i:  ' 
l^.rt  .1-  ■   !  !u    (  l;ri-|i.ni  :      :i  ni";  r  j-i 
liiiiii   tin-  1    -.  r  i|'';!.  ii-   I  !■:  ■  • 

liM  .!!»<  r.  a»  It  !>  / .  ..1  1  '  •        •■  r  I'm'  i 

'■lillT.  A.      It    III  i>    111-    :itu     1         it    ,     1  •  •■ 

wii'iM  h.isf  t: ..  ■!  till-  A  I  d  \  "I  '  •  , 
thiin;        r;ti.'.  /.ii.  i;.  t  rm-  , 

A,i,  r,       ,,tl.  :  .:     I  ,    !   :t    i  .■    ■■:        V  i 
<!       ti  1    !  ifir  w.ird  i-iit  .  '       i-  :•  :>  •  !•• 

W  il.-',  I'     .      ■  .  •     '  • 
1      1>   ;  i.I  li;,il  lii.    !':■  ,it  ^  .  ■    ■  : 

I'    .iM  1.'       !'■.!  ;,ti.  '    :  ■ 

;  •'.<  >\  '•>   >.-"r  .  •••       t.  dvi  n-.t  1,  .it    ' , 

for  the  sake  of  that  man  wlin  ;:j'.-c  the 
information   and   for   c-m^  'in' 


L-r  u  i'  In  f  r.     V  why  am  I   •     '•.'  evil 

spoken  of  in  regard  to  that  tor  which 

I    .•-,<^'   o«er  thank»?  -a   ■  ■•.'.If ''rf 

■  It        .:    >■          •!.    Il'    It  .1  u'-h 

•ii.itik-uivitl:;  ■'  I  I    I  111-    i\  J  .  .,;  .:  -  .111. ill 

iia^  .in\    n^.'it  In  -i..  ,ik  .1  ii  - .   it  1 

I'.!''  ik'-  •(   -  ii'li   I  ...1.  •    ..ii.riiii;   "1,1  -t 

■       '       ■                  !■  i-m.ii.:^ 


I 


X.   jl-XI.  I. 


I  .III 
I  > 

.:  I.'. 


Whether  then  ye  eat  •     !  •' 

•     ■  or 

lirink,  or  do  anyihin^ 

li  I  all  things  t(i  th« 
ry  of  Gild.  -.^  ■■, 


science,  1  mean,  nut  your  owt:.  I  ;it  the 
other  man's.       .  ;  ir  - 

1-    i.iu'.  1-    .1,   y   1    .lu'    t!.  .      lor  why 

my  liberty  nt  !.. 

t'-i-  il!"  ■  .1  HI.;  i<i  .1  J.r..:h.  r,  • 

t!u'  til -t  p.  :-  1'  i.i  judged  by  another 

conscience?  ,  i-  ,     ■   ,  1  , 

■-•  •■•i-.'-'L;    i>hr,i-i  .    !.:-vh    -••        r   t':  it    '  .• 

.    >».  t,  ;  •■  ,'f  •     1:  .1-  ■'.  ttf!.-  ..'•-.•I'M 

t-j.  -    .1!!.!    ]n  r~.  ';it"u'.    <-iiiiNiii  II.  ■  X'li.i'.r 

C' ■•  -.11  nrt   1    ,v    .fTi  i't  my  art-..;;,  '  it  i'  , c; 

I'"'        .1         ...'I         1.  .r  nil-    uiiii  ijiv  i.M 

■■•  ■  ■   <■  I  .!'-'■     t.i  I'v  i'S.rn.  1    .t'li  iili.r'v 

fur  ./    .\ii.!  if  I  on  my  part  partake 

of  sti.  h  {(MtA  thankfttUy,  that  i^.  by  ^aymi; 


Give  ti.i  .."i':  e  fither  to  Jeu- 


Greek" 


ir  to  the  chuith  .  t  Gml 


I'- 


ll.. !•  li' 

tl  .       .-1  .. 


•r  to 


1.1 


*iii  1  k-  1.     .ill. I     tlii-f     \\::'.  ■■■  I 

I' ill!'-    .  iW!    Ml,:.        even    as    !  ,|l^o 

please    (t!;at   i-,   a.-.-.inini.i.l.u.'   1;        t    i  .. 

i\  jj  1  all  men  in  alt  things,  not 
seeking  my  own  advantage,  but  that  of 
the  many  icf  \i  r  .-ji  that  they  may  be 


72 


1  CORINTHIANS. 


[Ch.  XI 


CMM'TER  n. 
1    Hf.  ye  filldwrr'i  of  tiif.  cviii      I  ahn  am  of  Christ. 


saved.  \'>":i:      h-.-         \\\\  I'rnrM.-i- 

(a/Mir/iuJ »  ,1-,  u '  .1  i'l  .'n  '  .  in  ^  'I 
alti'i'l  '  ■  i>.  Show  yourselves  imita- 
tors of  me,  as  I  on  my  part  lami  , 

of    Christ.    Uil..    l.ir.lM.l    liMl     ilim-cll.  lull 

Ijavi-  lliin.:!  !■  .111.1  '.T  cllar..  'I'lic 
jjli.iy  ,,1  (,...1  .iilil  llli  K««"l  <"^"i««»') 
(if  111.11  1.  1  ail'  tlic  uvo  nia>ti-r-iiHi- 
li\t>  ui  lin  l!iir  CIiri->tian  lilc. 


It  is  siRiiiticant  thai  the  phrase  for  ccm- 
ii  iVrnt"'  .V4ii(',  wliii-li  miiir^  llirof  tinu  ~  in 
this  pa-^aRc  ( vv.  ^5,  J/,  jS)  shonli!  n  l(  r 
til  Ihr  i-o'l-ilciui-  <<{  otlliTs  [rrif  roc  fr.jjoi  i. 
Chrisliaiiiiy  i-  ah.a\>  iim^nUriiiK  tlic  other 
mii» :  and  in  evi  ry  di  lii  .itc  pi  .ililcm  his 
foii^cuni'r  i~  a  t.i.t..'  will  as  itiiiKv 
Si"UH  ami  !lii  clmr>'li  li.ur  l..  he  i-iiitii'd, 
but  llit  y  arc  i  dilu  il,  not  by  know  ledge,  but 


l.y  iviii    II.  .111.1  til'    i;  I  man  will 

1.1-  I'll  p, in. 1  I.I  rr-tiiii  lii>  li!.<  ii\  I'.r  lii.> 
lil..|lur'N  N.ikc,  .\l  tllr  ^.illlf  Illlir  lll.ll  llli- 
,  i  rl\  riiiiaiii-.  am!  (i.ii  vvli.it  sci'iiw  ilu  nn.rc 
.i|.pi . 'pi Mil  mil  rprilaii'.n  i.i  \  v.  j.j,  .U''. 
Taiil  is  as  anxi'nis  to  ili  lend  the  lilwrty  of 
the  one  tiiaii  as  the  fim^i-ieiu-e  uf  the  other. 
Tlie  earth  is  the  Lord's,  and  the  fulness 
thereof,  ami  t!)e  more  the  scruples  of  the 
narrow-minded  hrotlur  arc  ilispelled  by 
clearer  iiivinht  and  RrowinR  charity,  the 
wider  will  III'  the  raiij;r  of  actual  as  will 
as  of  till  on  lie. d  liliiTly.  till  all  iii"rally 
liiiilral  limits  will  be  possible,  lint  in  the 
iiu  aiitinie  it  w  oiir  duty,  in  matin  -  lii  il  do 
not  violate  priiicipli',  I''  .Uioiniiiodatf  our- 
selves ■'  ill  .ill  ihiiiKs  III  all  nu  ll."  Willi  the 
hope  and  the  ami  of  winninK  and  saving 
tliein.    This  is  the  true  Imitatio  Christt. 


74 


I  CORINTHIANS. 


[Cm.  XI 


THE  CONDI  C T  OF  PL  BLIC  WORSHIP  (xi.-xiv). 

C  11  AIM  I.U  11 


J  N'Av  I  |ir.ii-r  >  'ii.  linihti-ii,  lli.it  yi- 
r«-iil«'iiil'rr  nif  iii  all  llmiw».  .mil  ki  <  p  llio 
lifilmaiiii^.  a>  I  ilrlixrnd  tlnni  tn  >mii 


Ihil  I  WKiilil  h.i\c  >"U  kiiovx.  tliat  'he 
lu'.nl  of  i  vrry  man  (  Iiri^l  ;  llio  licaci 
i.f  tin-  wiimati  ij  till-  wan.  aiul  the  head  of 
Cliri^t  IS  (ioil. 


Aftvr  tlu-  (lili'-iaii  ih-rii-^i.m  tin- 
Clin-lian's    ril,i':..u    tt.    i,;....iH>    .iml  ll'i- 

,11    l    ull-  ,.    \\ill-  ll    il    ".1-    lllilr;  ,.■  Ill  .1.    11  1^ 

lifni^.  '  I-  al"i-tlf  -ll'''!!'!  luiii  II'  llu- 

f., 1,-1, 1,1  ,1,    .  I  i'  Uii-  i|iu--ii>iii  III  ir  ii-  Will 
-1,1],      iii;.    u..     r,.,    iii'^r,  li.ii-^aty. 
all  ;■'  -  li-i'l  ;,;i"'An  i.ii  ;ii  ,  • 'imi-i  ii"ii  uiili  llu- 
ruiiiliirt    III    I'  li'lli'    \v  !  iiiii      I  1h-  Wi'Iiiiii 
liail    ilaitiiiii    ami    iiii'>i'!    an    tiii-i-i  tiily 
|iriiiiiiiii  iH-i'.  ami   t!  i    Li^i'l'-    ^-ipi'i  r  Ii.mI 
iin  n  ailitiiiii^ii  ll  ll  111  a  ri  iiiin  I   i"l  > 
lllilii  ri 'lliitiv;.     lull     ,1; -.  •  .1.  I  I  ■:       1',^   '  |'i" 
Ci  ,  iK  llli  It  l.in    I"  :       '    ■    'I   '    '  ' 

.■111. I   I't!,.  1     .    1111,  .1,  .1   u  '.ll   ihi    p-iiri.-  li:,- 
!ii,  -  .  1.    ..■    l''.     ,  \'  1 .  ;  .     •  I 

v|,.ii!.|.,'   ^;:!i  .     aii.l  ll       \  ..N   '   v.:   \  .  .;i-- 

,  :,     .    !'  .      ,1:-:M.,1     ,|.  Ji.  l.-l.  1  .  •  I     '      '  ■ 

ll,  1  -  .ll  1...  i  h  ir,  li.  .iliil  ll.'-  Ill' ■■Mlll.lr.,^■,■ 
^Ullt■l  ll  .1  n>  .1  1"M' 


2.  K'ii.r....|  1-  .-.  .iiiiiii;  ;  I'ailt,  Willi  lli^ 
«ii-|. .111.11  \  t.iil  III  1  4  1  -iiiki«  a  iiiilf  lit 
.'il.i;:\   at   tli,'   iM-miiiiiiii;.     Now   (111  *«  lie 

p.,..-,,  til  a  11.  w  -ul.inii  I  praise  you 
that  in  all  things  ye  Ii.im-  rniM  hIh nil 
ami   -nil   remetnber  me    i  .  'ii"*«>, 

and  111  ii.irii.  il.ir  that  ye  maintain  the 
traditions  just  as  I  delivered  them  to 
you.  Ill;-  iii1"l:>.  .i^  I  '  i  n  >iiii  .-'liii;,-!-, 
1  .,>    l..i\r  |..  I  11  .    r.i-;..ii'  •!  I>\   -i   i    '<  rk  in 

1  ..iiiillii.iii  1-  I'.rii  '     'i  '    ^  'to't 

'    \-  \M-  arc  al.-..i\-  .il  •  i  n-  !■    '  H  ^■'iii' 
I  "ins    «<•     •"•   ai    i-i.<-   >     1   l>>  -'ill' 

\      .,■   .  ,;    •    ,  II    -  !  ■        1  !    I      ill.     >  ,  lllf:  I.I 

,v     i,     .  I'       .ill!;.  ■■-  ■  1" 

!       J        ':,     i'         (  -.  -    .  .1  .\  1'  ill.. 

(.,,,_     -    ,..      .  ,    r         •     ,   ■  I  ||,- 


il  r-.K.  :.  ,ji;.; 


M     J    1'  ' 


1  ;  1    :  i  r    '    •  .  . 

u..nl  f.  : 
, .  iiiir-tl.  .1  |. 

!■  I.  I  -      1  ■ 

,:i-  n'  l!  . 


j.l,    -  ,11. 
,,1  till  r  . 
ii  -  in:.-!'. 
.;.  .,11  !i  , 


ir;  -  ,  .111 
•  '    !  1.11. 
...  .l.iiil.l 
.'I 
U'-,  .  II 


r  1,1. '...(.u  I  1,.  ill,.  C'triri'h  I'S  I'  .il: 
-•u  i.  .1  ■■  ti..  li'.'.il  "  1.1  ll.  ••  tt  I    .  \-. 


1.1. 


till  I.  i- 

li.ii  ii'.;  w.. 

■  !-  u.  :, 

llli:  .iti-t 

thiiij-  .... 
1,  1  ... .  u  .i 

1,    i  .    :.  ' 

"  lilt  IT 

11           I          ■■  1. 

t!!.  1 

, .-'  'J 


■•  ha. I  i".'- 
..  ir 

.  .  / 

I  :•  V . 
1 


.;.  wliiti-  tlir  -.iiiu-  \M.ri!  I-  11-1 1! 
]  I.,,  !i.  I-,   cf.    \i       1     1 1  It'.' 
■..  !  ill  ill.   1. 1  ■    '    t   ■  ■ 

f,. ..  |.,-.  -    ■.  -..  ill  it    I '    ■  .  ' 

.  ...»   '  !OI-        ll..'.:  tl 


ll 


.l.,.l  ..I 

N;.r.  -  In 


w  It 
I  4  ' 


(••■!1- 


111' 


1,  11 


.I'll  11 


But. 


iM'i-.  ...  p  

.  I  '  1  1  * '  *  \     w  ■ 
.■ip]-!!.  •!    1>\     I-'.  ll- 
li.1!1L.'I  I'l  'li-     H  .1\  - 


-.  !  ,  .11.  a- 
,!>  rMltrr- 

-  desire 
to 


,  , '      ■  kn.  'W  •  ■       '  '.    I"''     ■       i  -1 

•■ t^  V.  ll     .  '1    :  p  ■  •!:.!  . 

I  .1  .,„.  h.  ,  a-  <  "iri-.  •    ••        •        [.■■-   '  \  • 

■  -  V-  i.:!,  .1        n  il;,'  "t    -.-I.,  t.!"  i:    \     '  <   •  ■ 

■    ■     '        1.       pi  ,   "  -.',..  ■    .   ;lu-t!lilllii;        .  I 

'p-i  111 ! ''I'l;  .111. 1  p — il'ly    -\-p--'.   wli.  ■■■   11      ..ll  ' 
111    ill    ill    ml,  r, -.1-   ..t    t„.-iii,i\       -iiM'l       I  111-  l'.. 
"  ,•' >ivi  li'if--  aiiit  I'r.lii."  lu  rli.!]!^   aN'    t"r     '"1  h .  '  ^ 

tilt'    t  !*."  11 

t  ill,.  i;,,-|ii  !,  I'.iiil  iiitt  r-  a    have  ttu-m  kiinw  that  of  every  man.  t  liris- 
wufd  111  warniiiH- 


ti.iil  .i.  il  '".iklar. 


'!  .    "1   ■  ■ 
•  •    W  "111 
-.   ar.:  tli.it 
a.,  riKrvJ 
-  ■  -  iii'i-t 
]>.:■  -  p  r-ilv 

.  t'.  .."iii;i 


iki .  Ckmt  is  the  bead. 


Vii.  XII 


I  COKINTIMANS. 


f  if 


4     l.-.ttv  I':  1^  !  ^  '1 

li..\ini;  his  In. Ill  lii-li 
lu,,.l 

;  \',s:\  1  \i  T\  V,. .11.. Ill  i!  ..• 
Jir.'l'!.!  -u  I'l    v\  (    1;.  ...i 

in  :i.  .'T.  l!t  !  .  r   1;.  i.l     !■  i 
1.1 11    ...    1  ' .    - V .  ;i 

(I    1.1   i(  ••  ,    «   t!  .  ••  !  •    1  ' 


f  ( 


:!  II  1> 


1  r 
I.  I   i  «  r 


1.1  I 


f  ■  I !  - .  I  ■  :  ■' '  --Ji 

while  the 

man  is  hcjil  ol  wuitian.  .uid  Gxi  is  head 
of  Christ  1.1    ill       I     III  •      '•  lit 

yj'i:.!.'.  ti   .III.]  111. Ill   ,ir.    ,>i ;  .!.■ 

|i.  l;  r  :  •!  ...!-lv'-   :•.   \  .  r     II     ill  !.  .  'i 

.  ■  •     I  .   ,    ,;;l^    .  I  ,  ■    •  \  1 

i-Iir.:.  li.  ll  ■  .i.ln.  irv  .U-!in.  :;-n 
l!„-  X  -  i; M  .  lii.-'  i:;..ii  1-  i,.  ...!.  ..11.1  ':r 
tr  .\  iM,,:i  u  -1  n..'  ■).!'  .  1, .  • 
-  iii.i.  >  .  m  r  ri-  lll  ili  t  '.1 1  U  •  rl  i 
.1  '..ir.'  I..  .  .i!:.ii;:>  w  ill)  1 11..I  1  l"i;l.  1 
fi  1 

4,  5.     \-  iii,:ii  li.i-i  till  '.   m!   .  r 

^rjii  1  •■  T .  Ill    Dii;  - 1   11.  .1    u .  .ll    .1   -  \ '  '  •  '■   ■  i 

v;.|.l;n-.i.  11      !.  !!    ,  -       ■  l;    .1."-    1  .   -.1    I      n  .  ;.. 

.ill-  IT  1  • '  \\ .  ..r  -  r!    ..  " '  i-  '■  >  . 

li,.    .  i    Any  man  praying  or  prophesy- 
ing    ill.-  .\i  u    i .    .1...  1.1  ;'■  ■!'■  .■  I  -  ' 
wli.i  1-  iii-;i!ii  .!  1..       ..k  i\   ]■.!      1  .  !i!i-  .• 

viith  a  Vfil  h:i:-t;iiif;  (If.vn 

frcm  hi>  he.ui.  ilisj;ra>.es  his  he.i'l.  . 

'  .    ,. .   ■  1:      ;       ifk'  n  "f  ^'itii-  1-  •  '1 

l-.ll!    «      .!         II  •  iA_  th,-  -..•..!!.! 

f..  V  ,  III .'  i  ;  1.  <i ■  .1 '.  i -  ;:t  '  •. 
••  .  1,:    ,1..'  -  ^,  •  ■  ■     ■  ; 


t  !' 


.;  •.  1 ... .  1  !  ■  '  fur  she  1 .  n.'.e  .iiul  the 
same   ,is  the   woman   wh  •. 

•1     ..:  ■!     ,1  ■      ' .  IS  sh.iven. 

I     ■  ■  •      ,  1  ■      u    1 .     1        .  '  I '      ;  '■■  <  \  '  •■  .1 

I         '      '.  .'1    \\         '.v    1 '     ;      ■     v\  .1 

1  1     1  \  .       1!.;  ■       l'.  •  .    I  llll^llll- 

■  !■  1  '  .'  i  1  v;  ]■:  li  r  !.  !!:;.  -m  -lir 
u..  '1.1    -.  •  111    ;■■   ll.    ;  Ill  r   tl-  111  .iti 

.i''!;!'.!i  ■,  will.  .  I:.  i  M  1-  -ll  iM  ll  i  \  w.iy 
I  ■!  I  <  ;       \      111     111     .1   •  ll.    !:■  -.t,  r-  'i  ;in.l 

T.    .11' T.I,    1;,     |,,f;,  rn     .\  ,>>;,.,  in.    -U  AV  . 

tl'.lf    "  '     11    1'    II. 1  .       t      ./..•    til.-!    l!  ■    .  t!.-* 

'     .  r        M  1.  jiiirf  l!ii  iiHiii'tivr, 

f).     I  ■  -              1,1  1  ■  ,  •  t    ■  A  . 

!       ,  ■             ,   For  if 

a  woman  is  unvcilcJ      ■  .  ■  ni-- 

■  ■  '  ■  let   her   '  I 

cut    her   hair  cl.jse 

'.^  r.Mi..M.ii. 

!!-.   .  ■  r, 

.  -   V    y    '     ■  ^  I  .    I  .■  ■, 

liuf  if  a  Is  .„i.uc-!ul  till  .1  woman  to 
h.ivc  her  l  .iir  vut  il.ise  or  shaved     .i  I 


I  \'.   .  •      ,      .   \ ,  r     :.  •   '!  ..iMi  ; 

,-.   ,.11  1:..                 1:..    1...  ,  '      1  :  ■ 

•.iiiu  .;. .11!.:    .  .r    •  ^   .ill.   :i   ti  .    .;'!  :  :■■'!  t- . 

r  •       .  .  .•;    1  .:■  ••    ;'.  t::.'    \  :  ••  It 

!  iiii;      .1  ;!      ..-■\  i...-  ..  '  ■'  - 

...    ;  '  .   ^        :■  .!  .   !  1:1  .::-L'- 

I-  -I  ,    •         .M  .  .  r., 

u  •        .:  -^!..      .  ;  :;!.•      ■    i.  ■  -  u 

And  any  woman  prayini;  or  prophesying 
with  bare  head  ..  •'    h.  ■:: 

IS  I'.  I  r.  . :  I  dis^rJuCs  iier  head,  v.'.'!.  r 
(\,  r       I      ■    !  .Ml    I     ,  :        .  M 

!.    <|    •'  'I  •V*      1  ■  -CI  :•  •    •  I  .1 

\\.'ii::.'i  -!•.  ,iU:v.ii  !•■  w.'h  '.    '  ■    ■  ■  '. 

w.i-  nil   "111'  '^V'.  -.-r,         I!    v\  I-    i  !.-■ 
fi.r  liT  til    !'4.ik  ill  p'll.lii-  .1'   .I'l  v.'''iu'ii 
•.li.iiili!  1.1        in  Hi  .  hiir.  !i  i\  .         '<  1 
ii.   iji  I;  .\\.\.r,  .-.n  .k-        •.'  .."'i 

tlir  iir  III'  ■'!.  -IV      \ .  .1  •  ■!    11  .!•--.■  t''.' 
veil.  -jr.  .•!>    .>.•  !■  •'    t'  .•     •••  ••  •• 

tif        11   -p.  ^.kiiii.;  ..I      '     111-  I'l  ■  U  -      .^.1"  I 


r  .  11   let  her 

cover  her  .self  .■ 

'      7-     Ar  •■  •::  n 

T.  :!  ■  ■ 

For  man  '  uut;ht  not  to  have 

his  h'.id  t  ivered.  sceinj;  that  he  is,  i-, 
; .  ■  -  .  "  the 

iinai;e  "  and  glory  of  Gml :  :    ,  1,  .| 

:     I    -    'l-.'ii  1  I'f         r  .    .    I      .  ,1  -l,,. 

'■  •      r    .->■    t  .  -I    1-     '  ■    :  111 

!      .:        II.  .!  !  I,,. 

!  '  I'  •         Ilut  the  woman 

is  the  glory  •   :         :!,  hi- 

'•  ■'.  of  man,  i-  •  •  tin- 

■.'!  '';!!.  -     V.'  ■    'l  !.■•!.    k;.     |.     .  nh. 

:!•!.!    ,1-       -1.        -llr    .. I..     A     ir  •' 

ttk-.  1;       -ll,..'./.  -   h.  r    -'i'..  :       1  I:,- 

fi-rt-.-  ..i   th.    .-i:  t/. III:.  HI    I   <i  i";.i'ir.-  i- 

\\\  :■   ^^•  .;,  |..  .!.    ti   .-•    t  •      .  •'....ii:', 
II'  -t        t'l.    '  ■    r.  1  ■.  I     •  •■    ■  •'  . 

•■■St       .     '  ■l.-'^      'll   '         '  .|" 

<      ■■  n  .,.!-      ■■  I  1.  ;     1  •      .1   111, m 


76 


I  CORINTHIANS. 


[Ch.  XI 


H  l'..t  lllr  Mil  1^  ll"t  iif  till  W.. 111. 111. 
liilt  t)u    win. Ill  .if  ihr  iliiin 

I)  Nii'liii  u  i.  llir  mail  rn.ili'l  f'T  lln' 
w..n;!  i,  1  111   Hi.    wiMiaii  l"r   (lie  mail 

Ki  I  i.|  tl.i^  i.iiisr  iiuk:lil  ilir  wmHi.iII  I" 
liavc  i">»ir  'ill  hi'r  luail  iH-iattM-  i>f  llu- 
aiiKi'l'- 

II  Nrvi  rtlii  !i  s-  iii  iilii  r  i>  the  'ii  I'l 
Witlliiiit  the-  w.'Iliatl.  Ill  ill  el  llu'  wiilii  .ti 
wittiiiiit  till   tii.iii.  111  till-  l.iinl 

IJ    F'.r  a-  tin-  wniti.iii  i.i  •  (  tin-  niati. 


rvrti  »o  is  the  man  aN"  liy  lIu'  wmaii, 
l  ilt  all  llmiKH  "if  '  i<«l 

I.I  JikIk''  N'MirM-hi-  is  II  imiii'ly 
ilial  a  vviiuian  i>ray  uiltn  <i"iJ  iiiir\>v « ri-i| ' 

I.J  l>fth  tint  iM-ti  iialiTi-  it-rlf  iiach 
Villi,  that,  if  a  til. ill  li.i^i  1'"-:  h.iir.  it  i* 
a  -lianic  iintu  liim"' 

i;  IJiit  if  a  wi.min  li.u.  I.'HK  li.i  r,  it 
I-  .1  clnrv  III  lur  iiir  lur  li.nr  i^  Kivrn 
hir  fi.r  .1  (iivrnnK 

ifi    lliit  if  am  man  M-ini  ti.  Iif  cuiili-tl 


,iir  (Trail  .1 


8-iu.     I  \s. 


i-Mii-  f..r  tlif  \\i  ar- 


ill;;  ..t   :Ii.    Ml!,    «  •ii  .n  Crc.ilril  U.'in 

111. Ill  iMi  I<i  iiiit  /  '  liilil  <  viT  <jt  For, 
niirriiiv;  tin-  i-rratinii  s|.ir>  in  <!.'  ii, 
man  it  not  from  woman,  but  woman 
from  man,  Imhil-  fi'iinnl  >'i  ■ 
riti<  For  also  man  was  not  created  for 
the  woman's  sake,  but  woman  for  the 
man's  sake.  t..       Ins  luli-.-r.    I'lr^t  tin* 

111. III.  ill.  n  win. Hi  in  ■  ]  ■  '  r  !  ■  ' 
Wiilll.ili  111  tilllr  .  '■■I  '11  iti'l"  ■  '  '  ' 
111;.    |,     I'i  i     t     On    this  account 

the  woman  ou^ht    lo  mVh         i'      ir  ti 
,,■...!;(  v..  '.  I'lV  o  'liVi:   \t  >    -  ..  to  have  ilio 
,1  .luthority   upon  her 

head,  by  reason  of  t!'e  ani;els.  wli  ■  .it< 
.il'l'..!'  ■  •!■ 


Ill  I'll 


<•       ■  •!     1  111-  .llMIl 

1'     i.  ,,;   II  .1  iIm-    >  \.  •  1  t.,!.'  '  -  :  .  • 

,  r,  ,1!.  ill.  I'lil  1'! .  .  lit.  ill.  'ii'.'li  1111-1 1  11.  :it 
llic  [..il-iu-  wi.r-':  "I  til.  cl.arcli.  In  iv 
I),  .iti.m!-  a-  VM-ll  a.-  i:  .11  i-.ii'.  rK  x\:;li!i 
till'  p.illutu-  f.irtiiiu~  of  llii-  a|i. .-Il.s,  jn-t 
a-  luir  a|ili.iiiiilly  Ihcv  w.itcli  ilic  oiiiliii-! 
..I  -.iii  wt.i-liiiu-rv  \ii..|lur  |i..^^il.',.'  i\ 
l.;.iii.ili..ii  ..f  l!iis  .litViciilt  nlir.-i-.-  .--.r.'i.,t; 
II  v::h  llu-  >|.iry  i.f  <"n-r  \i  j.  i  ■  -.'i'  lT 
li.  w  Inch  t'--  .inu.  i-  fi-11  ill  'U  n:  I 

W  iitu-tl -.  till-  itr,i.li>-.iti..il  ''.  t<-  li.  r'.;  lli.tt 
wimuii.  w!;.'  .■i]>]"  ar  iiini-i!nl.  m.iy  hi-  the 
r.iii-.   .-f  ---''i!.it  1.  tiM''iiti"i'- 

n.  12.  \l  t'i'-  |)..iiit  I'.mI  t-  .  iK.-  HI' 
i-,  >,:l\  .  -■  .;■■['  i\ini;  lii^  ,iri;i:!!i.  lit  -..iiu'- 
x\li,,t  it  -  .liitt  I' i~  'i<<r.  t.i  .:r.i'h.,M  c  l!i.- 
...i„,.-,t..v  -  :  I  M  .  ..M,,i;  .,.-.!  yet  t'  ,it  .!■  .  - 
,  pi  ■  1.  i  '  -  r  .'ir-  '.s  ■  t'  l- 
neither  is  woman  apart  from  "'.an  nor 
man  apart  from,  woman  in  the  Lord. 
In  llic  <  l:i  '  li  111  M'-'  '"'  I'"  ■'■  i-  •'  iii'ilii  'l 
ili'jM  n.ii  tu-.  .'I  ihi-  s.M  -  m  ill.-  I'lin-tMii 
.11,!.!  I...|l>  .-.ri-  iucv-^,it>.  I'.ich  1-  till-  C'lii- 
.  ■  1  ;  aii.l  i-iMintiT|i,irt  "f  ih..-  nthrr. 
I'or  just  as  the  lir-i  woman  w.i-  mailt- 
from  the  man,  so  n-nv.  in  th.-  onliiiary 
coiir-i-  of  natnri-.  the  man  i-iitir<  t'.u- 
wurl,!  through  the  woman:  tin-  t"ir~t 
woiiiaii  ovvcl  her  luinti  to  man.  all  <!ih~c- 


i|'i.  lit  nil  II  invi-  their  l>i  tm{  tu  wnnii-n: 
and  all  ^  mi  II.  wntiu  n.  .iml  things-  arr 
from  God.  h.ivi-  tlmr  -inirn-  I'M  m  lliin. 
.111.1   ilijirliil   li]".!!    Illlll      llrrr.   '-v   mir  of 

In-  iI.  II  I  .'1.  I'.  -.  I'.iiil  1ilt>  till-  iiMtl.r  ..•!! 
,,f  i!  ,■  II. .'i...  .1  1-  ■titti.\.r->.  .-iiiil      t-  It  m 

.1  L.r.'i     .r.jli  .  •  1    111  ' 

13-15.     ll'it  .ill..-.;.  •  '1     '  S.  rip 

fi-.  .  r.iiil  li-i-K  th-il  111  1  '  ■  -  il'  '  -'I'l"  a^ 
.1  .   •'  >•  CMiiint'  "I    .       I    •  !   ■       I  ..r!i"'i!  ii>, 

■  •    1     ;.,    Ill,  ,r  '        -   1  ,1     I'l'  ■ 

Ju<i>;e  ye  amun^  yourselves:  is 
It  becoming;  foi"  a  woman  t.i  be  unveiled 
when  she  prays  to  Got!?  '  : 
t.<  (.1/  Ik  i-'i'r'i-  'III-  nil-.  1  t!il:!i.  •  •  l  In 
c  .1  ilili-l  I  N.-t  i.r.l>.  li.  >\iMr  .!■  .  -  111 
'ii-  .t  p. .111!  t"  ill  it  c.iiii 'iNi.in,  I. lit  aNo 
t'  :  ,  i'-.v.ir.l  .'111.  r  ..f  think;-  wliuli  \\  f 
,  '  1  .  \\  !i>.  does  not  even  nature 
I'stlf  teach  you  that  a  man's  long  hair 
is  a  dishonor  to  him.  while  a  woman's 
is  her  glory?  for  h.  hair  has  been  given 
her,  a^  w.iin.iii  s  ptrmaiii't  mit  ipirf 
iV.iornii.  instead  of  a  covering,  ami  to 
^ii\i-  till-  piirp.i  1  1  t  .1  \  1!  111!-  .ippt.il 
111  niittirr,  a  f.'ivoii'  w  'll  of  .\ri-!iilU-'s, 
i~  .1"  1..  i-tili.ir  Hit.  •  -  •  w  •!:.  I'  l-'t  -  ••' 
I'.i--! 

16.    iiavini;   iitl'..!    hi-   .iri;!;;!:- nt  tfiii 
til.-  'tatii!|i..iiil  i-t  -.•111!  !■      .  vt'.ii;.  S.iip 
t.n,  '!  .i::'!     I1I1--I.  r.r'l 

l.riir.-  -  t!..    '  \,:  i  i  ir;  -.  -  ^   ■  ■ 

i  ll.  Now  if  any  one  ;.resumes  to  he 

contentious,  WK    "  "■  have  no 

such  custom,  nor  Imm  the  churches  of 
God.  nil-  I'.'ui-  1  n  111  till-  .ihr-'pl  inii- 
I'livi.'il  .1  ''i-j.i.-i.  ■n.  i.-i  t!'.  1  .rl  't  r.'itil. 
.1,  ,.    lij,  111-   M  •  M    r        'j-'  I'ht* 

,i|.|  ,  :ii  .  |..  'I--  Inni  !■  -■  th.iii  iii-f«-i-  Hi" 
li,i-  i.iii-iii.l  llu-  ih-.;i--i. -11  .1-  I'.m:  .'I-  111' 
1-  ui  u-tomrd  to  ill!  in  v;,-li  c,i-.<.  ami 
1"-  arcnmi'ivt--  an-  -ittiilir  P.  t!ii>-i  h.-  i-m- 
plu-.  t  l-t  ttlu-rc :  for  i-\,impli-.  in  hi-  i!i«- 
iii-.>i..n  i.f  tilt'  mairtt ii.iiict  nf  tin-  mmiviry 
ii\    1-141     In  .>■«,  <'i  .       ■  in , 

III-  i!..<  -   II. .1   111.  ill   till'  cn-i.im  1.1   1" -ri: 
r..ti|.  lit ;.  .11-.  I. ill  ..t  .ill.  •wniL:  w  nitu-n  ' 
imhlio  liart   in  tin-  wor-hip  tmvi-iltil  lli- 
iloi-s  not  Ik'Iicvc  m  tiu-  custom  Iinnst-lf,  nor 


Vh.  XI] 


r  t  OKIXTIIIANS. 


tion-.    wr    h.ur   i-'   >ik1i  millur    1  ■    u  l!i.4t   v<    loiiu-  loni'thcr 

tin-  ,  li  tr.  Ill  -       "i'  '!  II.  t  i.^r  tlic  licttcr,  Inii  (nr  tin-  wiifM- 

I'    \-'\\  111  till-  tli.it  I  il' I  !.irr  u>it  <  V  II 


is  It  |ii  ti.  .!»  iiiili.ip-  tilt  I  iirintlu.iii- 
think,  li--  '  tin  r  iliiiiilu-    ,'  til'  i.i-i 

tun  Honl-   Irll.j   ,i  •  l  it. 1111   -.  ill  lllllllv    I  i  tlu' 

Ciiiifliisiiiii  ~  <|iiitf  in  r.iiil^  ni.iiiiirr 


'I'lll-.  -iMi^ul.irly  mil  ri  -iiiik;  iji-. 'il  nt 
tin-  ii-c  i  t  (Ik    vill  l.ir  vv..ii!tii  winii  tlir\ 

.111  t.lkllli;,  .1-  I'  llll  tlimk^  till  \  -!rMlM  11. .t 
t.l'l.'      I  \1\  1     I'f'   llllln  111  Ill    pill'  1 

WMr-llIp     1-     Imtll  H'llliili      IIiMIl,     .11!. I 

very  in  .ir  in,  ilif  luitri-l-  nl  tin  iiiniK.ii 
wiirlj.     In  .1  ni'iltrn  miiiil.  iii..-t  nl  tlif 
argunifiit-  t>j  «liiili  I'aiil  -ii|iiMirt%  In-  >■  ii 
teiilion   arc   <li-tiiu"t!y    iiiicmu  iihiiik  Hi- 
<li -i  ri|iliiin  111   111. ill        the  ijl.'ry  nl   li  il 

Wlllk-     WUlIl.lll     I-     nlli>     till-    Ijlnry    nl     111. ill. 

tli.is  iiiit  (-niiiini  ml  :'->ll  !n  ii-.  ii.  r  i-  i! 
aiip.ifi  iiti>  111  till  -I'lnt  nl  '  11 II.  1  _7.  .\.  r 
Wimlil  till'  ii-i-  wlii.'li  111'  iii.iki  -  "I 
atu  ifiit  111  lift  w  -tnrj  lit  the  iTi  atinii  .  'I 
wiitii.iii  Ir.'iii  iii.iM  -.iii-t>  .1  11!  '.I'  l  l  iiiiii'l. 
iinr  111-  \!iA  lii  it  111  ill  w.i-  lint  III, I'll  t  r 
unin.iii,  I'.il  i'!i:>  «. '111. ill  t''r  ;i:.iii,  '  •,• 
|il!!.i-i  I'li^i.  iiKi  'in-  ..•i^imn  ii'-.  in-'..  ■  ii. 
.'H'.tliiT  \v'  r!il  til. Ill  niir-,  II  i.i'''\  \.r  I'l 
liiir.i   >.  "the  \vniii.,ii  niiijl.i  t..  li.iM'  ,111- 

tll"ll!\      llpnll     lur     111    I'l    I'll     .l.rn'lllt     "t  till 

.ii!i:i  I- "  1  I  111-  -nil.  r.liiKil I'.n  nl  w.  iiirii 
I'nr  uliii  ii  r.iul  1-  111' ii'liMi.;.  ami  wl  i  li  !;•■ 
carr!' >i         1  ir        in  ii'.  -cnln'   ini    i' .  in 

-llclU'i..   -11111-   tn  II!'         '11.11   ,1  I  .«,i    i'  ,1. 

than  till'  uri-at  a--i'ni'  ii  in  i  1  i',.i  i  iti  -  ri 
jS,  tli.it  ■■  till  ii-  cm  lif  nil  mail-  .iiiil  tciii.ili-, 
fnr  .ill  ari'  mii'  in  Cliii-t  Ji  -  i-."  .uul  r 
than  the  •ii!'ii!--ini!  in  tliii  vir>  I'niili  \t  tli  it 
"  iii'itlu  r  i-  wmiiaii  witlmiit  man  n-ir  man 
wilhi  'III  "  .  'iiKiii  III  till-  1..  .nl  " 

lint  uliili  ll:i'  .11  i^'iilii  !it  •  nf  '  IIMV  ho 
lllii""ii\ '.sj.  ill-  I'nin  I'l-i' '11  -  1  .  t  .  Ill' 
riKli!.  Iiliaiiy,  tlu  re  i-.  m  itiu  r  nii!i  i-  'i 
fi  mail',  .ill  ari.  nui'  in  (  hri-t  :  li-  i  i  i  .i.!  r..  •  . 
di''tiiu''inn-  111  tui  Til  tlu-  -..'M  -  -:Ii-i-I  .ni'! 
nin^t  lu'  11  1-. '.^pi/i  i|  l\i  lii;i..ii  li-  •  -  w.l; 
In  i('-|ui't  till-  ■  •  UN  1  iitmii-.  !!iii  ■-  uliiil  '.i.i' 

(-n!l\  1  n'!'  .11-    tin  lll-rlvi-    an-    ..plm-iil    In  fr- 

li!.!!.  ■!!  W  111  !  Ill  r  a  u  "i:  ,ii  -In  .ill.  1  .  T  -In  .n  .! 
imt  \i  I  ar  a  >  ri i  u  !i  ii  .n  !■  in  -  - 'iil.'  .i  i  • 
iiU'i  111!:;,  Ilia  V  i  in  a  \  i  ry  in  -  njii  in'  iiit  iii.i!  - 
Icr  t..r  an  apn-tli'  t  i    li-i  'i--.  r-;ii  i  :.ill>  .iii 

ali'-llr  ulml.iiil  -.  ■  \'A]>f  -tr  i  i  \ti  r!i..| 

tinrt;-  i\n  I'ji  I'.i't  .'..ii  -.iiiiinL;:)  in 
-!L;iiitu  .lilt  in  nil  r--  m.iv.  ..n  . 'r.'.i-i'  ii.  I'l  .'' 
the  uravi'-t  iiii|>iirta!iii  Only  wnnu'ii  nl 
the  lowct  type  vvoiilil  aii|H'.ir  iiintiUil  in 
(.'•iniith  :  ant!  :i  (  lin-ti.m  wnnian  v.h"  •Inl 
SO  woiiltl  cxpo-e  her-i'lf  .iiiil  her  reliKi<>n 


I'l  till-  .  1  r'.i-nty  n|  iiit-iim!.'r-t  imliiit;  I  liat 
1  11"  il  .1  (|i|ili' .iti.-n  I  I  liit-lMii  IiIhtU, 
111   ti!,i!    (mMn  i'  It   ai;.  .     .   -M  ..iil\    li  nl  '.i 

li.ii 111 .  I.  I  'I  li'  I  -  I'  1  I  r. .A  t;     It  w ' .  ::  I 

111-  illi'Ll'il'r  ,!i  lli'li  1  l!  ',  ,  I  \  .iiltrrriit  .il 
I  nil' ,m  1      .  .1   .  "II   ..'.11.  1^. 

\i  nil.  -i    ''        I    l'  ■     ■    -1  Ml.ll    1  i|'l.l'll> 

I't  'I'l-  '.  M  .,  i'  ,  '.  1.  'inii;  ..1  -11  -I  nil  I 
I  «i;ii     I-     -1  1  liny  I      .iinl     ii.i!  ite 

1  1?    '.I  '''t  .  .  ,  .  ,11  -  :,|.  t .  .!    11  i;lli  -linu, 

I'l     iir.ii  ' 1.  ,i!     1  ,  i',l  1,  I     I  !,i  1  ti  ,iii|\  in.iy 

I    IW     I.  '     •  '  !      'n         .'  :  '  .  11!  ',  n       l.'it     It     f.  ill- 

M'lili.  II  1"    l;i.    .  V  n  ..!i  1  '  '  1   . .(  .1   prnii  n-lr 

tiiml.illii'iil.ii  I     ll  r.!'  t  .  i    .■i  'i  t\,  riiri-- 

ti.itiitv  \m;1  iiintiiin  ,,iii|  tfaii-lnMii  it 


Till- 1.  './.I  .suff''  <  '^1  ir-.u'. 

!  ill.    -ii!|...!,    .!       Hi;    Willi    l!ii-  .iliii-i'^ 
n  '  !  il    .  i  .ir...  ■  '      ■:    I'll-    I  nl  nitlr  111    1  ,  '. 
lit  I'l'  'I      t'   I :,      1 ..  i.  !  -    Mippi  r,   1     1  |. '  ,  !v 

1   •'!,..  II. I    ■.\l!'!     tl.i     |.if\:.in-    -nllnll  ill' 
!'!.•!  ill..  :i;;i  n-  iL,  n  ,    i;  ,i     ,  ■  ii;  i,        ,  \\ 
I  i'  ■  \  11.  '1:  ih  li     ,'     li.    .'i  .■•  ■!  i::.  w  '  ;  'i 

I  '  '  :  1  ,.ii ,  -    .111    II  nm  i    t   in    I ' 

!■'■  --■  .nli:..  -  lit  till-  .!.  1  '  '1-  in  ■  .■ 
i'l,  i'iii!\     1 'li-'nii ill-;.!  I'.i  ll  .it  lln    >  ]. 

r  '.1-  a  \!.''itiiiii  m  '  m-  ilirtiti-.n,  ni-l 
,!-  tlu-  'iiuiiliil  Ml. Ill' 11  u  1  ri  ill  aiini'ii  I. 
Kilt  t.iite  ll  a  pi'iniiiir  -"'inimty  .ilmiit 
I  ji-  ill  -  ■  ;  -  -1.  .11,  '11.111!  I'l  ■  in.,4  ■  ■  !  I  -'  .iiii  t  iiiii  - 
111  .'i  ririinn  -i.iti 'y  r';ii!i'i..n  ,i-  mil  .i- 
in  tilt'  jji  111  r.il  Ini.i-  nt  It,  uinrli  -.inm,  !i.  w 

I!!!U'll  Illnlv  -rllnil-  In  I'lii]  «  ,i-  ti|,'  nln- 
.I'.n-f   tl  ail   I'll'   I'tlliT.       1  ill     nil,'   u.i-   .(  VM 

I.iii'.ii  1  I  m-tiiiit  ami  ii.itnii  .  tin-,  i,  n 
iTiiiii'  ai.;.iiii-t  tin  l..iril  llim--ilt,  fnr  uliiili 
lir  uy  ;.nii!-liiiii  n'  li.i-  ,ilr.  ail>  I'.illi  n  l\i  r 
.till,  ami  till  11  1-  il.iiiiirr  nt  a  j Illl^;IIleIll  >it 

r  ' .' .'  1'  mill.    I  \  rr  i 

'lln-  |i.i--.ii;i'  .lU.i  illn-tr.tti  -  .•nlmir.iMv 
ill.  i.i-'ial  .iiiil  1 K  I'.i-inii.i!  ii.itun  nt  r  111!'-. 
1  ;!  I'l-  111!  -nil  iim  miiiiulinii-  r.'.iiiM' 
I',  till'  l-.T.!'-  -iiiii.i  r,  \' 111' il  iiii."  t  r  -n 
Inni;  i.'i!t!..!ii-.|  tin-  |.!  i.  'i  .  \\:,  !i, 
r.  .il's  .  'Ui  t'li  i.riuin  l..  t'lr  -.■.iml,,;,  .'!- 
.  i  S  '  ■!  ,it '.  n  -  '  ■  till'  (  .  .r 111' il i.ni  i  n 'ir.  h. 
uiniii  r.iii!  1-  iii  Ti  11  li-'irni:.'  I  In  \  .iH' 
.i'  ■  .niT  .1  ri  '  i^.  .iiii  .1  n  .  nil  I  ;  .ni.l  wi- 
i'!i..jlil  m\.r  ii.iii'  li.i'l  lilt  niniltl.  I.'i!  i-.r 
•  ,  ,,,..!.,,  !i  ,  !  1, 

17.    Now    in    giving   this   charge.  It 

1-    illfticilit    In  Niiy   wIlelluT    I'.Uli    lllr.lll-  lllr 

iliariie  wlu.li  he  I1.1-.  iii-t  umii  rry.iriliiiv; 
the  \eilins;  ..f  the  wniii.M.  .ir  ili.t  i.vli.i.!! 
he  i-  iilxjiit  In  K've,  reKarilin«  the  seemly 


Moocarv  msouition  tbt  chakx 

(ANSI  and  HO  TISr  CHART  No.  9) 


78 


I  CORINTHIANS. 


[Ch.  XI 


i8  For  first  <«f  all,  when  yi-  omu-  to- 
jU'llu-r  in  tin-  church.  I  Iu;ir  that  there  he 
divivioiis  anioiii;  >oii:  ami  I  partly  lielii-vc 
it. 

i<)  I'.ir  til.  p.  >l  1"  al-.  Ikti  1.  - 
aiiioiiK  you,  thai  tluy  wIikIi  irc  approv iil 
ntav  1«'  iiiadi-  niaiiil\>t  ani"ii:.;  y^'U 


JO  When  ye  conic  together  tlurifure 
mill  imv  place,  this  i~  not  to  i  al  the  Linl'ii 
^iipi>er 

.'I  If  ill  caliiii;  i  \ei  v  ''iir  lakelh  be- 
f.  IT    I  .'/,.'  '<\\u    -ni'iMi-     .■iinl   line  is 

,  hungry  ami  aiiotlier  l^  ilrunUeii. 


e,  I,  l.r.iti.'ii    '■t    till-    sii|,iHT     that    a  man! 
nniM  e\,innr,.    Imii-ilf  (\<r.  -'Si   ami  waiti 
ffif  hi-  ii.U'l.li"!   (\rr.       I  ;  on  the  wh-ile. 
the  foiiiKT  -eenis  the  inoie  natural.     I  he 
tir-t  woiiN  .,1"  the  new  p.ii  .lur.ipli  eoniu  rt  j 
the  i.ne  ehariie  with  llie  ..iher.  !ii:it   I'.iu!  i 
ha-  the  furnier  j.araKraiih  in  numl  i~  p!.iin 
fri.ni  hi'-  repetition   i>i   'h.    u-i  l  | 
(t'lraii'iO,  ver.  l"l  whieli  !■  ■  k'-  li  ,> '.i  wv. 
2.    'I  lu  re  were  many  ihiiii;-  uhu  ii  lie 

eiiiiM  prai>-e  the  ('MnnlliMv-.  •  il  - 
one  in  jiartienl.ir  --\vhii!i  ''.-'iv'"!  the 
-h..rpe--t  <-en--:i'  :  .h.eiull  I'av,..  !■>  \--'.:U- 
nmler-tali  nn  t.  ■•■  '  ^  '.^  -  i''  >' 
thini:  I  do  not  prai.se  n  lli-  miih..! 
ceiiMire  i-  r<l:ili\e  t..  th,  ,.it!.h;.'  ..n.l  ■.»- 
Miit-  lit'  ihi^r  iMiMir  r.n  i  iiii'-;-.  Ih  -  t'l'  , 
saer  ,ii    !  ■         ;  ■  ■  -■''^  ■  ''';t 

in-  I  !     •■.■I  VI.  that 

your  mectin>;s  do  not  tend  to  losi  \.  iir 
improvenient.  ut  to  ■  ii  deterioration. 
W  lu  n  I  hi  ;  11.111-  i-o:n  iu'.4ethi  r.  t!u-  re-ult 
-li..nlil  'rr  that  tliey  .himiiu'  heller  ;  !I;  icul.  | 
thr  ( '•  .rinlhMil-  htr..Mi.'  W"i-e  Ihey  ,ire 
cnlliini  .1.  i;i.|  !n  hriitli.  r!y  fetliiiL;  low.inK 
i.iu-  .iiMihir.  .iiii!  in  i!r\..noi!  1..  their.  i-"m- 
m.iii  1,01,1.  h'it  ill  ijriiii  .iihI  >eltishne^<. 
'li  e  ap'-lle  e.'iiM  tv 't  |ir.ii-e  that. 

i8.  ig.  For the  m-m  ral  ehame  I'aitl 
1.  preii.iied  to  silt>)".rl  hy  p.irlK-nlar-.  whieh 
he  ha*  imleeil  upon  lu-ar-ay  ( ci*.oi  i..' ) .  Imi 
which  he  ha-  ii"  u  '.'<I  r.a-.in  to  (|,.iih!  - 
in  the  first  place:  i  -  phi  .  ;  i-  if  ' 
follmvod  np  hy  any  irrttra  i  in  tiiv  -..-.mi.! 
placet,  an. I  p"..-ihl>  I'.inl  i-  i;"!  ll  inl.iiii; 
f..r  the  11'. .111.  Ill  ..f  .my  -•  ;  ■  1  •  ■! 
Mipielit  eh. Me.      1  h..  n..;y  !  ■  -'iii|.lv 

n-ed  to  !iilr...|'i.-e  ih.'  el!.,rL'e.  a'  .l  1" 

.ji  !  it-      r;..-i,  ii.it  ir.'      I  '           w  1'"  ii  .ini 

t.::'i     that    ihi-    p'lr,,-.      r-  ■  !•   -     .1     ■.  i  ..n.l 
eharu.-.  .        i  «.  l.  r  '\u   tir  !        the  -elf 
(vv.   i;  l.ji.  ail'!  lii.    -ie..ntl  1..  llu-  ,i!.''-. - 
in  c.  .vti.  el'   II   with   the   -!|.|»  t    •  I  . 

,,r  -h.'  til  -I  the  u  Ii' .  -n  I  \  '  i;  - 
(I  1,  ;,:i.l  1  .  till-  ;ih-!-.'  .  f  -I'ii- 

itiMl  L'.;'     u  hu-h  1;.    pf  ■>■.  .  -1-  '•'  'I'- 
Ml     IImu.m!.  wliill'.r  a  -..-..ii.l  .h.iri:!-  1- 
.h-tiiuil\  ill  \ie\\  or  n..t.  1  hear  -  hi-  in- 

'       .       .....    .  .  ..I'i    .■...■.!.:■,.•..  -.•:  .    I  df.O!  u.' 1 

.,,,,1  ,]  ,  ,  I    !       •     !         i  -umle  inf'irniaiit 

that  .It  your  mfctinss  in  church  mot 
,    .  .  1 ,  ,    I,  •  |!.,    i  hri-tian  ,i.<u-m!l\) 

divisions  exii.t  among  you.  ilivi-ion-.  ii..t 


.if  ;in  int.  Ileetiial  or  (l.icnt.itic  kind,  thoiigli 
they  e\i-ted  too  ti  lol,  hut  tho-e  more 
hateful  <h\  i-i.  .11-  hiiilt  upon  -ucia!  di-tinc- 
l  i.ii-.  wliuh  e\pre--e(l  theiii-el\.-  in  l<rae- 
|:  ,,i  ,  i  .nil  iiipl  tor  th.-  p.  ..r  (  \  .  r  t. 
r.iul  ha-  '.nl>  too  i;.....]  i..i-.>ii  t"  -n-p.-et 
t'.ii  hi-  inf.  .rniatinii  i-  n  :.  .  ii  ii'  i  .i  1  "I  it. 
At  h.i-i  -..M>  .if  :t,  and  I  partly  believe 
it.     F"or   .  'I    .  .  'iir-  .    Ill   .1  .'i\  i-'.  n- 

are  iiuvil.ihh  (.1  M.ii  \\:n  71  .111. 1  there 
must  also  be  parties  among  you:  aipo'it 

h.i-  II.. t  \et  lllr  ill  \  ■.!..!'.  .1  III.  .lui'm  ..f 
'/.'ii.v\-.  11.. r  I-  It  i  \i  ii  A.  .  1  t  .  I  \\\  -1, 

jji.     It  i.riiii.iri'\   iii.il.  ;il'  -  .  /i  .111. 1  its 

II-.'  ii.  r.  -li..-A-  l;..u  ii.iMr.i'ly  it  iiii^ht 
)n-s  int..  the  i.'Ii.  r  m.  amnu-  'I  he-e  di- 
\i-;oii-.  h..w...r.  depl.  .1  .ihli-  .1-  thiv  are. 
M  '-ve  .1  I'.niiu  piirp..-e  t!i.  \  .'irr  ivirt  ..f 
,  v,|,  r  .if  thin.'-,  in  order  that  the 
reputable  among  you  (lit  tli..-e  tli.it  .iro 
•  il.pii.vedi  may  be  shown  a-  -n.-Ji  The 
]i:irtie-.  while  they  reveal  the  de)ira\ity  of 
onic,  re\e.il  tin  le--  the  e\.iiienee  uf 
other.;  r..  .u--el.  however,  regard-  ver  i<) 
n<  ironical.  "The  I'nrinthian-  tuny  have 
Ml!Ji.;e-teil  that  tlie-e  c.uiti-'-  ill  the  elinr.h 
ha. I   the  .idv.infaL'e  of  hriiiuim;   out  who 

h.  i.i  ri'jht  I'M  hi-  -i.le,  r.ud  .-..liient-  him- 
-,  lf  1' ''li  r..!iK-al  rep.iiil..;i  .•!  Ih.at 
,;,,IU',  .".  •  ■•  "<■  He  lia»  .I'l.  .d\  t"!4 
11.  what  he  hi  ll'  \ of  p.iriv  e. .i.'.  ■'  •  in 
the  church.  ■  f  iln  ir  h.iriii  .in.l  11-.  !e-  11.   - '" 

20-21.  1!.  .l.'.'-n.'  .111.1  -.'.,■!  1. -pint 
of  which  li.  h.;.  ill-'  ei.iiip'.aiii."'  lihl-- 
ir  iti  .1  w  i|!i  -|.i  l  i.  I  f'lr.-i-  in  tin  .  '  ii'lni  t  .  '" 
ill,'  (  "1 .1  iiiil'i.iii-  111.'  e.  l.'hiMI  1' III  ..f  the 
l.iv.l'-  -  'ni..  r  It  W.I-  e..iiiiii.ii  ill  llie 
(;r..U  iM  :l.l  i.f  t!i.-e  d;i\ -  t'o''  miild-. 
,'.,],-.  ,,r  ...i.li-  .  ■•'iiii.l  h\'  a  .•.'iniii..u 
ir.'eii-i.  |.i  .hn.'  i.".'.l!.r  .il  n  "j'l'ar  int.T- 

i.  i'.  '.  -..  th  II  ill.  1.1.  . I  .11'  a  e.. mill.. 11  meal 
;i,  till-  1  \;  rr--:i  .11  ..l  .1  ei.rp..rate  -tnrit. 
u  .  .'il.l  hi  .."L".^.  -'.  .1  t. .  ihi  1  "iirmlhi.iii  t'hris- 
i  .iii-  a-  Wi  ll  h>  the  n-aye-  of  -ociety  a* 
I'V  tlirir  ih -ire  to  c .miiieni. Tate  the  la-t 
-'.].pir  of  our   l.i.r.l     Till-  chiireh-Mipiier 

r.  h  ihK  touk  )il.ice  orii{in.iIly  onee  a  week, 
n  the  tirvf  day  ( .\ct<  xv.  7\-  "le  love- 
1.  ,.-(  tliiv  ei'Minion  111e.1l  wa<  called  (ef. 
Iiiile  t.'t,  v\a-  .ippareiitly  followed  .  -"iiie 
think  preceded  1  hy  the  celehratii  n  •  t  the 
l.dr.r-;  -upper  The  •-u|>per  wa-  condiieted 
in  -lull  a  way  at  Corinth  that  it  was  110 


C'H.  Xl] 


I  I  ORIXTHIAXS. 


79 


What!  have  ye  not  lidu^is  ',  i  t.it      j\    |  .  r    I    li,i\>    rr.<i\i.|   of  thf   1. ! 
.-iii'l  I"  drink  in'  i>r  ilr~|ii~c  no  tin-  ih:u-h   ili.it  \(!iuh  .il-.i  I  ilrlr,  .n.l  mu.i  you,   I  li.it 
..I  ll'i'l.  :i'.iil  -liaiiu-  till-Ill  lliat  lia\r  imt  '   llir  I.^'iil  .K I'n    •  •i.i,-  ir..i;hl  in  which 
\\  liat  -liall  I  >.iy  toy'iii?  >iiaU  1  [nai^c  ymi   Ik-  w.i^  ln;ra\r'i.  t'Mik  I'liad: 
in  tliiN?    1  jiraisc  yt'U  not.  : 


lovc-fva-i.  or  I.oril\  -iuppcr  at  a!l.  It  was  drinking  in?  Snii'>  ilii  \  wttlil  not  )>rinj{ 
s.iiii  alpii-i--  a>  ari'  i-cuMind  lure  that  lati-r  ,  their  Xfi  licaltliy  apintilc^  t"  llu-  oliiircli 
li-d  to  the  hvparatii'ti  of  tlic  !■  ivf- fiast  from  '  nii-<-tiiit  if  thvy  h.ul  Iu-m-v^.  in  ulitch 
tlic  l.'irtl'-  >npin  r  .iml  i:hiiiiati-ly  t"  tiiL-  t!i.'-i-  .i|'pilitv>  i-oiild  Uv  ~.iii-li,d  I'.iit.  as 
aboiiiiuii  I.I  tin-  i-i;:ur  .i.'.nKrlln-r.  lii^v    arc   in   pmiit   i>f   t.ui    \ri\    uvil  oil 

l  lils  .■.n.'lliill  i-  I'i  1>  loiiim'ti'd  with  10'  *xoirn,  pi i-<  ininciltl\  lh■•^■  ;>  .  /i,;.  ,-. 
the  l.i«t  icf.  oi''  and  lir  d.i;ii.r,i'r  rcpit  i-  ■  \  iT.  JJ'.  llu  n  llnir  iinl\  iii..l:',.  ,ip;n  irs 
tion  of  iri  n,ixo,uti'u'i'  ifiu/f),  1  he  di\ i^i"iis  '  to  ho  lirlilic  i  .itc  roiiiciiipi  ni  ilic  .  irmli. 
till  ri'  dii  '  ir.d  inaiiii<  »t  ilu-m-i'!\i'^  in  th.  ir  Or  is  it  that  ye  despise  the  church, 
fil.'ir  i  II  '  I  1^1  -'Mijirr  \:  ■■ '  <iii  'l  id.  u'luli  i-  11- 1  iii^tilutioii  of  iiLni's  I'.iinidim;, 
In  your  ci.  i'.  h  gatherings,  then,  by  no  I  ■  li;.  l;h.i;  rl.-iiih  of  God?  i;\  'in^  dm 
possibihty  is  it  the  supper  of  THE  LORD  !  iniKil  ti  rin  tin'  .ipi^  iN-  --i  ■  -  in  'lu-  min- 
that  ye  are  eating.    l-'.itluT,  "  i/ i'j'  nf/ /•■■.v- j  ^;].irim,'  l)-;'it   t!:.  '  .t  ..i 

.vi.\.-  to  lai  til-    Liiid'^  -iii'|n-r";  "v  "  tl-.it  [it-  iiK-iiil»r~.    And  are  ye  afTronting  the 

1.  <  li.it  .111  r.llnil,'  n!  till-  l."!d'->  -  Ipp'  T  '  [poor?  tind.  t"  wllolll  tlk  c'lliri-ll  I'lliiMi;-, 
ill  rilluT  i-.i^f.  till-  .-irccllt  falK  "ii  mpiim'i-.  j(  ini-t.  \\\.  ■  f..!i!i'l.  .l  t'lr  -.u  r.iinrnt.  .-ind  the 
l"ai'li  i-.iiiu,'  wlu-n  ho  pli-.i-M-d,  and  .itr  l  y  p^nr  "!;•■  wi  u-  i  l:.  -i  n  in  he  "  lir:r~  i.t  the 
hiiii-o'l;  II  u.-'^  tlim-lori-  a  /■m;,;/,-  Clipper,  knii;d"iii  "  I  JaIlll■^  ii  51.  wcro  ail  alike 
iSioi-  Snirior,  l,iit  lint  a  Mippcr  I'f  lIlC  Lord.  I  lllsuUi-d  III  ihiN  n  li  liv.ilion.  I  he  |M)or 
'I  lure  ua>  im  >on-c  of  cinnmiinily  ah- nit  I  .i re  iiiado  to  ful  >l!aiiu-  hy  their  siipcr- 
it  eitlier  with  one  another  or  with  the  eilioiis  treatment  at  the  han<l>  of  the 
Ijird  whom,  it  was  supposed  to  cotniiieiiio-  chnreh  l  hrsc  -.^  Iw  hii:  r  the  class 
rate:  not  with  0110  another — for  the  rich  <iunl  rather  than  the  individuals  (oi»),  arc 
showed  no  coif-iileration  for  tlie  ixnir;  ami  clearly  the  poor;  it  would  Jie  jejune  to 
in>t  with  tlie  I-i.rd  —  for  the  w-liole  man-  arniie  from  the  oiMa%  oi)*  ixtrt  at  the  Ih- 
rer  of  the  celebration  was  a  scandal,  and  uinninv;  of  the  ver^e.  tli.it  the  reference  is 
tot.'illy  lor:,  ■rthy  .i)  lliiii  i  ver.  .>7l.  It  to  "  iho^e  wIm  h.ivr  iv  ■!  1  ii  (.■  v  1  "  I'aul 
wa<  110  -  ipin  r  ..f  the  1-ord,  for  every  1^  'orri.wiu!!y  ih.Ii.m  .mi.  hi:i  hi  speaks 
man  hurries  to  take  his  own  supper  at  with  tine  self-ioinrol  What  atn  I  to  say 
the  meal:  that  i-^,  there  w.is  n.i  z.-j.'/;iia;  to  you?  Am  I  to  praise  you?  Ih-servinn 
for  one  atinthrr,  ,1-.  i'anl  l.itrr  in-  .  f  pr-ii^e  as  ymi  ni.i\  I"  I'l  nthr'  point., 
joins  (ver.  ''''t  'he  rich  ni.iii,  a^  -....11  i  v.-r.  JK  in  this  1  1  '  i-  d  .i 
a^  lie  arrivfv.  h.i-!,  11.  cun^i'inf  uh.it  It  \'  rv  ^iri.'iN  ..ni-  it  1-  I  do  not  praise 
has  hronviht  (  Tpo\a/iJdi'fi.  ;mii,-ip,itr^  nlhov^  v.ni  I  i  f  v  i  171,  a  in;!.l  h-kI.  1  ■  i  it.  iiu  iit  : 
in  t.-ihn;:;  it  1  ^.1  a--  t"  he  iindei  no  oLmlm-  Ii.  r.  .i'l\  i-  .  .I'l^  -. .  foi:.  .111  ..ifiiiM-  is 
ti.ui  ..|  ill',  i.lini.;  it  with  the  poor  in.-m,  w  h  >.  \...;-  1  ..f  pr.ii--e,  hii!  ot  filnke 
riilikr  llir  ru  !i  11!. 111.  1-  iierli.ips  I!.. I  Ti.  •-•.-r  23.  !!.■  i-,nin..|  .11  ii'.-i..|  i!i.-  I'.iriii- 
<.f  hi~  tinii-.  .-in.l  lu.'i)  111-  c..nip.  1  n<  ilii.m-^  ;  f.  r  ihr  ti.i.hi;..ii  wh  .li  !i.-  h.i.l  re- 
coiiK-  l,il<  r.  W  hen-  tlie  meal  w.i~  <  1,  "i  rri\cd  from  tin-  I. ..id  .m.l  h.nidi  d  on  to 
■-ni'li  a  -tr.i-.jhii..;  fa-hi.i|i.  it  i-  phiin  tut  lluni  w.i-  of  ,i  ditli-ri  nl  kind  ir.iiii 
t!u  re  i-.in  h:i\.  h.  .  n  Ifh-  pl.ue  l.  r  pr.i>ii  tli.it  to  whi'li  th.  y  ueri-  e.  .1,  l"ot  iniii-.;  For 
ill  .!  f  r  -in  \-,..;  .if  -..r.-iii. 'ii  as  for  me  ~o  lar  .1-  thi-  !i.idili"n 
winch   ..ii'.^l'.t   t..  h..i\e  ace  .nip.iini-.|  r.    (\v.  is  coiicenied.  he  i-.  the  loniu  el  iiii!  link  lie- 

2.  ?-J.s).  so  that  from  e\ery  point  of  ^•^w.    t,\een    the    I   'ld    and    tliiin-   I  received 

the  celebration  w.is  a  s.  iii  lal ;  and  while  from  the  Lord  that  which  I  have  also 
one  is  hungry,  another  is  drunk,  and  tiiis  delivered  to  you.  The  preposition  o»o 
at  the  most  solemn  meal  of  Chri>ti.iii  -  inpi)  iiidicitci  in  a  Retieral  way  vunrce 
hretliien!  not  onK  hrotherline^s  and  hos-  or  oriRin,  an<l  does  not  necessarily  imply 
pitality  forKotlen.  hut  even  decency  thrown  ^  the  direct  persona!  communication  which 
to  the  winds  —  iinle-.v  indi'ed  we  ad^ipt  a  wmild  h.ive  heen  ^iiijcr-ted  hy  napd ,  to  f.ir 
milder  iiHrriirctation,  "■Irmk-;  tii  -iatii  ty  "  .1,  the  prep. i-ii! Mil  i>  i-oiicerned.  I'aul's 
aa.  Ill  tlie  light  of  ...1  vli.K-kmv;  .1  ..(-.m-  111.  .^^  1.  d-j.-  .  f  thi-  i!i-.|itiition  may  have 
dal,  is  it  any  wonder  then  ihe  apostle  r.^t' d  -!in|i'>  up.  n  .ipo--to|ic  tradition.  Hut 
asks  with  iniii!;nant  irony.  So  ye  have  !  the  whol.  i..iie  of  thi-  context,  and  the 
no  houMt,  have  ye  not,  for  eating  and  v(  rb  waptXaiior,  which  iieeiiis  to  point  t>ack 


80 


I  CORINTHIANS. 


[Ch.  XI 


24  Ami  wliin  iic  li:i<l  ^wvn  th  ,  he 
riki'  it.  Mil  sai<l,  Take,  cat:  tin    in  niy 

(ly.  which  is  lirokcn  for  you:  this  do 
1  rcimntliratKc  of  mc. 

25  After  the  same  ninniuT  nl>o  Iw  fook 


the  cup,  when  he  had  supped,  sayinn,  I  his 
cup  is  the  iKw  testametu  in  my  blood: 
thiH  do  ye,  as  f)ft  as  ye  drink  it,  in  re- 
membrance of  mc 


to  :i  (Ictiiiilf  lii'-tnni-.il  lUiM^i'Hi,  r.itluT 
siiKK>-t  lli.il  I'aiil  li.iil  rivil.i- 
ti"n.  a>,  li'f  I  \.imiiK-,  in  .1  u~i"n.  In  tlic 
vrry  similar  mimhu-i-  111  n\.  ,5.  I'aiil  sini- 
'-.iv  s  111'  "  n  ii  ucil  "  1  >.iiiic  uiMil  »  ciTIaiil 
Inilh-'.  u  nil. lilt  iiiriitiuiimK  ihcir  ori>;iij. 
1  ho  iHi^iiiii'  loiuli  here  .idds  a  warmth 
aiiil  ^iiUinniiv  tn  his  st.iii'iiuiil.  "All  that 
hi'  luaiil  about  Ji'-ns."  says  Lictzniann, 
'•luKirt  .•iiul  after  his  cunviTsii.,,,  appears 
to  hiin  as  a  Kift  received  at  Daiivii^cus  from 
the  I.ord  Himself."  l-ike  a  Jewish  rabl.i, 
Paul  passed  on  his  in~lruction  from  hi> 
Master  to  his  pupils:  with  a  true  sense  of 
the  innwrtaiK-e  of  such  a  "tradition"  from 
tlie  .M:i>ter.  he  H' t  .  nly  received  it,  luit 
also  (Kail  deiiveri.l  it  delivered  it,  too, 
to  the  \<iy  piojilc  wlio  were  now  >o 
flasir.intly  (!isreuar<liiii,'  it  (iM'|'). 

23,  24.     W  lial  lu'  lia.l  riei  ivid  .•md  de- 

liv,n,l  ua-  till-,  that  the  Lord  Jesus 

(ii.'i  (  Ini-I,  I'Ml  J.Mis:  tlic  iiH'  ol  111- 
f.irlliK  iianie  rarru  -  11-  li.a  t"  i-'  ilain 
Hir.it  'li;-:-rual  lait-i  -in  the  night  on 
which    He   was   being   betrayed,  took 

bread.     I  iu-    iini..n'.  in    Ii  n-i'    ( in^pe5i<'!«ro) 

VjiapliualK  Miiiiii'iii-  u|>  tlu'  whole  scene, 
aiul  in  tli>  ni.  ;,!',-n  ..i  111-  lntra\al  i>  a 
l;iti'i!t  n'  likr  "l'  tin-  (.'"nntliian  di'-ordcr-. 
Silli  ly  tli.y  lia.l  .ilto^niIuT  fori.;.  Iteii  tlie 
l.iiiiitic  ciionm-laiK-.'s  atinilinu  the  orii;iti 
..|  ilu'  iii-titntiiin  of  the  .'^'a]•|ur,  or  thiv 
I-.. Ill, I  never  li.ue  ciUlnated  it  with  smli 
indi  ceiu  y.  It  wa'^  One  who  wa'*  lumi;  hi - 
tniyi'd  w  ho  ile-m  il  to  !»'  1 .  nu -ii'..  r.  .L  ami 
this  w.is  how  tluy  wiri-  n-it  rtiili.  rii  II  ;n;' 
Ho  |..ok  liriail.'  and  having  olicred 
praM  r  "(  thanksgiving  i  >  ■  1 ;.  ' 
on 'llie  ni'.;Iit  of  hi>  /  ro-,; v,;/ ;  tliai  Is--  '.  lu 
amid  treai-lu  ry  >.  He  brake  it.  i  he  lin'.i.i 
wa-  I'M'h'  11  1'  r  i!i-!r:h:it'.  :  hi  ri  i-  an 
other  i.H  I  I .  "1  nr.  .  .1  •■  .  I  i;:;  -.  V.  !  " 
never  tlionuht  ol"  ill- ! '  ih:it |.  11.  hiil  /.'  .'.' 
..'./)  miKi  lii.i  or.  If  Mi'"ri:  I  h.  re  coiihl 
lie  no  iiL'Ti-  !l.ii.'railt  ciitia-!  til. ill  th  it  Ih'- 
tweeii  ihi'  I-  'li  s  -iini..  r.  ai..l  lh>  ( 
t!ii.iii  -iiiipi  r  I.  ■  •  •  ■'•  I"  •  '  ■ '1 
the  art.  I!.'  .  v;  '  •  ■!  I  I  h  '  < 
lire. Ill  and  said:  This  is  my  body  which 
is  for  you  i-n  _■  ('  !■  \  ji  '  It  1-  i>' I'n 
that.  .1-  I.  11-  1-  -t.iiiihiii.'  th.i  re  m  the  l!i -It 
before  Hi-  i!i-i'i|ili  -.  tlu  re  e.in  he  no 
tli.'uch.t  .'I'  t!'.'  hi.  a. I  hi'iiLj  I",  r, illy  II'- 
h.  mK      h"t   it    r,  II'-   \-<\    "1   !•  It 

was  broken,  and  broken  oil  their  belialt. 


.iiiil  iniplieitly  on  behalf  of  all  who  sustain 
the  rilaii  .n  of  ili-ciplesliip  to  Jesus,  there- 
1. .re  oil  behalf  of  tlie  Corinthian  converts 
.111.1  of  us.  I  rue,  the  ori}{inal  text  read 
simply  t6  i/vip  ifiiir,  wllich  is  for  you; 
ii\un*t^p  (broken)  is  a  later  gloss,  which, 
however,  is  cpute  correct  as  an  interpreta- 
tion. The  breaking  of  the  body  is  a  ref- 
erence to  His  death,  which  becomes  more 
explicit  in  the  f. 'II.  .u  iir-:  alhi-i'.n  to  llis 
bliKid.  I'aiil  here  liy  iiiipli.  .11  i"n.  .inil  111 
ver.  j6  directly,  reiiiinils  the  -illi-h  .iti.l 
tlipiiant  Corinthians,  that  they  .'ire  11.  .t  ..nly 
ceh  hr.itmu  :i  suiiin  r,  hut  eomtiK'inor.u ing 
.1  iK'.ith.  \\  h.il  ji  -ii-  h.i.l  il.iile.  Ills  di-ci- 
]i1i's    wire    t"    il..  —  t.iki     the    lire. Ill,  v;ivc 

I  thank-  ami  break  it:  this  do  in  remem- 
'  brance  of  me,  ami  tni-  ih.y  \\<  re  to  <lo 
U'ontniually  '    r.'.f.  iinpir.iinei  on  <\ery  i.c- 
ea-ioii  on  w.ia'h  the  snj.;..  r  «.i-  1 1  iehr.iteil. 
I  h.    ..hieet  of  It  ;ill  w.,-        /..',','■  the  Jiar- 
ticip.inls   ill    iii'iiil   ,  •  aail  e-;ieei.illy 

..f  III-  lie, lib  l.ir  them;  tin'  (  ormt 'liaiis 
-h. .«.,].  b\  ihea-  e..i..l'.t  at  the  .-iipiur, 
tb.it  tii.y  Wi  ll  t.ir  ell  .'i-h  from  remeniber- 
iii'^  I  lim  ;in.l  I  li-  ili  .ilh. 

25.    In  like  manner  also  He  took  the 
cup,  p:i\e  thanks  .ind   ^:ive   it  to  thetn, 
after  supper.    In  the  ori;^iii:il  ceKbr;itioii, 
the  eatini:  of  the  bread   w.is  apjiarei'tly 
p.irt  of  the  coitiinoii  meal:  it  was  whiU- 
l!uy  t.,1-.-  oitiii:^  tli:it  He  took  bre.id  (cf. 
.M.irk  Mv.  j.M.  a'li!  at  th.-  c- .nchisi. .11  of 
ithe  nieil  111   '  ik.  -  li  e  sytr.  •  .'.ic  cuii.  say- 
!  ing.  "  This  cup  is  the  new  covenant  in 
:  my  blood."    .Xs  the  bread  repri ii;i  1  the 
''v.       •    the    w  'lie    n  pre-  'it-    the    Id. .. 
..  ti'e  t.  '""!  the  -tateni.  i.t  .'.  •    '•in  -  ill 
,  \l  ilk  M'.    J  1  '  Mat    \\M        .      ••  I  111-  1  the 

,        .  .f'  u  11.  I  '  -  ii:\  'il  1  of  the  e.  .i  eiiail!  ." 

lii't  the  -t.i!.  iM.  a!  ..f  I'aiil  i-  |ir:ictu'a!iy 
iileittie.il:  "'  Ik  -  eni.  1-  the  luw  eoMnant 
I -lan.hnir  or  e-t.i'.ii-h.  .1  1  in  niy  bl.>...l." 
in  ,ai'i .  .1  .kill.  .'  ith  ih.'  ( 'M  I  e-t  iiiient 
i'lea  that  in  .1  >  .M  ii.iiil  h.  tMn  n  <io.l  .-mil 
iiiill  the  shi'ibhiii;  of  hli.  ..1  i-  lU  i  i --,'irv, 
I  111'  I/.  I  :  .'i/,;ii'.'  i:iaiu'e-  b.i.  k  t"  ilie 
'jreit  ].:  I'hiiy  ..f  JereiilLih  .5I-.U' 
who  i>roi-l.i!nieil  f.'r  th,'  e.iininu  iliv-  a 
e.  iven.'int  wliu'h  w  .  "ihl  .ju.ir.iiite.'  .1  imuer- 
-,il  kn.iw  li'lii;.  of  t  i'Mt.  .-ni.i  :i  cmjiiete  for- 
i;i\eiie--  Je-iis  el. 11111-  th.it  in  ;!iiil  tliroimll 
ill-  ileath  till-  eoveii.'int  b.a-  been  estali- 
'h  !m.1  111  the  (,rei'k  word  «ia#«jKn.  atten- 
1  tioii  is  directed  rather  to  God  as  the  at- 


Ch.  XI] 


I  CORINTHIANS. 


36   For  as  often  as  vt  la!  this  liroail, 
and  drink  tins  iiip,       tin  slu  w  tlu-  Lnrd 
di-atli  till  he  cotuc. 

-7  Wluriforc  wlmsotvir  sh.-ill  cat  thi> 
linad,  ami  drink  litis  cup  of  the  Lord, 
iiMWiirthllv.  shall  he  guiltv  of  the  liodv  atid 
M.umI  ,.t  "tlu    l  .  rd 


Hut  let  a  man  ev.iniiiie  Iniuself,  and 
Ml  let  huti  eat  vt  that  hread,  and  ilmik  .if 
that  <\\\i. 

J<>  l  iir  lie  that  eatetli  anil  druiketli  un- 
worthily, calelli  anil  druiketh  damnation 
til  hini>elf,  not  disceriiiiiK  the  Kurd's  iMnly. 


ranker  nf  it,  than  tn  its  mutuality.  This 
do  (take  the  eii|i,  gi\e  liiank-.  and  Jiiss  it  • 
fdund  I    ci'iitunally    (/''  .  .v   niiperatu  e  ' ,  as  1 

often  as  ye  drink  it.  in  remembrance  of 

me.  S"!ne.  hy  lemUrinK  ^trietly.  as  i'it,-ii 
as  yr  Junk,  rel'er  the  niinnili..u  (generally.  . 
ti>  i\ery  neea^ii'ii  on  wliiih  men  drank  in 
Ci'i:"'!!:  le'l  the  M'n]H-  nl  the  wuriU 
cK.ir!\  meant  to  he  limited  I'l  the  iKa'asiims 
on  whieli  they  met  to  eelehtate  the  l.i'rd's 
suiilur.  'I  I, e  repetition  ol  tlu-  words  This 
t/,'.  .  iiriidiico  a  very  si  h  inn  effect. 
'Ilic  account  in  Luke  xxii.  17-jo  ce>rrc- 
sponds  more  closely  thaii  that  of  Matthew 
XXV  i.  26- Jt)  or  M.irk  .\iv.  2-"-J5  to  the  ae- 
cotmt  of  I'aul.  It  is  nnteworthy  that  the 
wiirtls  "for  you"  and  "tins  do  in  remem- 
brance of  me"  arc  peculiar  to  !';i!il.  and 
are  not  found  in  the  evangelists  (e\eept 
in  Luke  wii.  to,  20.  «here  the  true  te\t 
.■ipjieat's  (ir:'-;m.i'  y  to  have  stupped  at  J  ins 
IS  ii!V  ''i/i   f!  \ '  r.  These  words  cue 

the  li  aM,  wlneh  is  sacraniental,  a  iiuinon  d  ; 
eliai.u-ti  r.  ! 

26.     I  lie  w  .■nK  that  l'>ll''U  .are  ap]>enilid' 
hy  I'aiil  I''  li  e  iiiMiitiinui  aiiiiii  lu'  h.al  r,  -  | 
ei  !\   '1  t'r  iin  tlu-  l-^rd,     lie  u        s  tn     .  ke  ' 
it  ::le!!!  l.-ntly  t'laiti  tlvit  'i       •• '     <i.  "  •■i 
the    l.^rd    tit.it    lif    ti.!-t    i~    mteni'id  to 
comtltelltiir.ili  .  ii  ilireetly  t!i:,  ha-  the  i  !'t<  et 
of  vI...vm:  e  w't  1!  a  tr  •.v»-ly       t'  .;'         :•  ;»  ! 

1 :        1  ■    Ill- ;  ■  :  ■  ■  \ 

For.  as  I'lten  as  ye  eat  this  brcrul  and 
drink  ih.e  cup.  it  i';  ■       .  -        ■  the  | 

death  of  the  I.ord  that  ye  are  dcclarin^j.  I 
The  ea.imy  at'd  lit  iii'i.iir.;  «.is  a  r  a:  -..l 
of  the  iin.;i!i.d  -eriie.  .Hid  \v,is  ih  Ti''  a-  ;:i 
i'seii.  in  one  s,  n-i-,  an  .aed  d  pro>  l.iiiiaiioii  i 
it  is  ni'iieei'-s,,ry  theri  lore  t  i  ri  -j.a  d 
KaTa',',i\\tTt  a-  iiiiperaine  (  "  proel.imi  "  1 
At  the  same  time,  the  choice  rif  t'lis  «  ed.  j 

and   the   .an.ah  uy   of  t'a    I '  ■:  1  r.   \\  '  -e 

riti's  the  f.at''er  h.ad  t"  e\;':im  1..  '  til 
(  I'!\od"S  \in.  Si,  reiiiler  it  ht-l  K        '  ^'  le 
th.it    tla-    eereni'iny    \\  .1-    ac>-  'i    liy  ; 

So'iv   w  .     ■    •  'II  'he  p.i-  ;.  .i.'i  -      1  he  ; 

lire, 1  I  .■  ;  ;:  1-  \^  me  ui  t'  '■.  -a  Ntiih-ii-'  they! 
w '  "-e  01 '\  iv.e-s.irv  until  He  come  —  .nfter  i 

Ii..  e:i:,i,:   m   j.  r  im        :  :  U-   -tier-  ! 

tluoii-  'i  he  lilt.  1  I  ll;s  e.iim'C  u  1-  'in  i 
know II.  h'lt  th  '     i'-i-i!"  w  ;  ~  ,  ■  1  ■  rn  : 

this  is  suRRested  hy  the  oim-sii.n  i.l  ai'. 
37-29.    If,  then,  the  supper  comiuetno- 


rates  the  ihatli  of  the  I.ord.  aii\  \  tot;ition 
ot    I's   spirit    iim-t   he  .1   peeiili  irl>    hi  inmis 

otfeiise  Consequently,  any  one  who  eats 
the  bread  or  drinks  the  cup  of  the  Lord 
unworthily  -  tor  <  sample,  m  the  -1  Itisli 
and  yliitt' iiioMs  ni.iiini  r  ile-eri''i  d  in  \ir  _'I 
shall  be  guilty  of  m  Kii.iil;  the  body 
and  the  blood  of  the  Lord.  A  st.iienient 
liki-  this  lends  s.ihk-  coniiti  iiaiiei-  to  the 
\ie  v  th  it.  for  I'.iiil,  the  hiead  .and  wine 
were  very  much  more  than  synilMils.  and 
th.it  in  «ome  mystic  seiisc,  I'lirist  was 
really  present  in  them,  lie  does  not  s.iy, 
"  Such  a  one  sliall  be  >;uilty  of  disoludience 
to  a  most  so'enin  injunction  of  tlu'  I.ord," 
nor  even,  "sli.dl  he  Kiiiliy  of  dishonoriiiR 
His  death,"  lull  "sliall  he  k'imIiv  of  His 
hody  and  hlood.  "  as  if  tin  y  were  in  ^oine 
IHCuliar  sense  idi-iitilied  with  the  enihleiiis: 
.iiid  the  ure  it  sin  uhii-h  l.niiiis  "  j luk'-iient  " 

1  tl   ;i  11; all    is    111-    fallate   to   dlslllli;!;         he - 
I  \X  e.-n   the  li.  '.\    I'l  .  ,:d   .  X   ihi-   -epp.  r,    ,'  In.  Il 
I  1-  ■■  the  h  m1\  "  i  f  riniM.  ai'.l  oi.li:  |,i,a.|_ 
!  '  ■  .  r.  -'1)1.    Sn.'h  .a  \iew  o a-.'l  l   not  to  h.- 
'    ■;n'tii;inly  d i-ii ,1  - -.-d  .a-  in'i".  -'M  .  'li.iak;li 
|ii    la  rt  !^:il\    1-   \<-\    m   t'-e    s|,,i!t   of   Je-iis  ; 
-t    th.'-'.    can   h'-   11  ■  (["a-ti'ii   tliai.   u  hat - 
■  '.  1  r  ii'i  .'i  I'li'lerlit  s  tile  parti. "il.ir  e\pres-i.in 
.•f    I'.ml.  Ills  e-s.  1  1  il  III. ami;'..:  !-  that  the 
cl.ath  I'f  JesMs.  ui;!|   a'l   lliii   t',,t  itniilied, 
lua-   na.-t   LT.ive'y  di 'la 'i  ■!   \<\  .an 
'  -•'.:;  '\   ei  !.  hr at  1'  II  ,1  -  1 1  ,1  o|   u  la.'li  the 
I  • '11  lit  i:  .Ills   h.  id   h.  1  n  x'liitv       1  lie  !■> 
I  av  .e.|  tli.    yilt  1  f  ■  i''':  .111  -      n  ..    «  a  -  t'l'- 

|\'...e  of  -elf  e\a'!'ii!.it;"!i    But  let  a  man 

I  .ir''pi.-irot    i-    m"re    wei...;lit\    tlMii  «»it<TTot 
'.  aild   h.i'.  1    hi  .1.1    put   himself  to  the 
i  proof  —  t.  st,  hy  t  .irii. -t  laai  i.l.  i.i!i.'n.  Ins 
'attitude  t..  tile  siiii.  r  ,iii.|  t..  the  de.,th  of 
tile   I.ord  wl'ieli   It  ei 'iiiiri  I.  ■  T.iti ti  stimr 
Ihitiisill  not  on.'.'  f.'T  1".  i'lil  i  -'  X\  tiiiii-  h.- 
p.iri.iki  s  uf  il  .'    >    i-  'Ml         I,  and  so, 
I  .'Iter  siiel:  .1  s,  'f  ,  .  I'l  ',.  of  the  bread 

let  him  eat  and  of  the  cup  let  him  drink 

-aj  iMi  ill.'  si  i',  Is-  ie;"t;"iori  v.lreli  iir.i'sts 
;l'ie  narratixe  witii  .1  •  '<  ni'i"-.  'I  -  own. 
!  For  he  that  cateth  an<l  drinketh  1  the 
i  i.orre.'i  .'/•  ■''.    '  ■•    \     \'  ,   .  h  ■  ■    I'r.  .111  \  er 

!  _'~  '  eateth  and  drinketh.  iudumciit  to  him- 
i  self,  if  he  does  not  distin^juish  the  body 
I'f  'he  |,,.rd.  .IS  r.  pr,     ■  •'.  .!  !'.!■'   i.,  d  and 
drink  of  the  holy   -nppii,   ir.an   .ill  niher 
food  and  ilrink    The  rendering  of  tpitn 


I  CORINTHIANS. 


[Ch.  XI 


V>    lor  tlii>  cause  many  <i»<'  weak  audi  \Vhoreff>rc.   my  bri-thrm,    Nvhen   >  <• 


!.ii  kly  amiHiK;  ynii,  and  many  sleep 


mie  |.>:-:etliir  to  eat,  tr.rry 


t.>r  ai' 


l'  I'.ir    if  \\e   wMilil   juil^e   i>«rselve<,  |  ollu  r 


t    Anil  if  aiiv  man  li!n;!;er 
ar.'  ,  at   Immo;  lliat        ."ine  H  't  i..i;i''lu' 


V.    -liimM  n"t  lie  jii<lK<-»l 

ij    lint   when   we  are   iuik- d.   \m    ..     ,  .        •      ,     ,  n  i 

chastened  of  llie  I. or<l.  that  «e  sliuiild  not  i  e.mtleinnation     And    tlie    rest    will    1  set 


l.!M    .  ,t 

ins.o 


be  eimdennu-d  with  the  world 


m 


oriler  when  1  cume. 


in  \  \'  liv  ,1.111:11. is  jMcii'iMiiy  nit 
f,,!  ;ir;.il  ;  lui.il  I  .  1  iniiatloii.  -'u  ll  as  that 
w'.nli  1-  iiiiiid  "111  to  the  world  I  vi  r.  .5.') 
I-  ill,  \.  ;y  (liiiii;  which  such  jiuliiintiits  as 
are  d>  m  i  ilied  in  the  next  verse  are  designed 
lo  oliMate.  Slill,  the  wariiniy  is  serio-, 
eri)ii.4li:  for  the  '•  jiidiimetit  "  has  already 
falUn.  not  only  in  tlu'  shai>e  of  su•kllls^, 
1)111  of  dealh.  upon  tho-e  :Jii<  ii>  liis- 
III,-  /'.'(/.v.  (the  IkIUt  i.m-  oniii  T,.r 
Aipioe.  of  the  Lord),  tliit  is,  upon  tli'  -' 
who  make  no  distimiion,  do  not  di-.  rim- 
itiate  !)ilw>en  the  holy  In. ad  and  ordiiia.ry 
iinad  Koinan  (itliolus  have  ar-oud 
iri.iii  1!:.    .  '   III  \i  i    _7  leats  llii-  lirrad 


,Ut.  Its  ideals  and  its  destiny  (condemna- 
l:on>  were  <litTereilt  from  those  of  the 
(hri-tian:  the  Coriiilhiaiis  had  not  dis- 
cnininateil.  If  tliey  had  —  or  rather,  if  Ui' 
had,  as  I'anl  says,  by  a  cnnrteoiis  inclusion 
till  V  should  not  iiave  ben  siii1\  rinu_  as 
iiir>  are.  Now,  if  we  had  been  discrim- 
inating ourselves  fi  ,  m  llu'  world,  we 
should  not  have  been  suffering  from 
ilie-e  judgments.  I'.iu  an.  r  all.  these 
iiid,L;n!iiHs,  terrilile  as  -oiiir  of  tluni  .are, 
ai.  by  no  means  tanlanii ■v.nt  to  .'.  tin::l 
I .  lal.  iiinatioii  ;  tlu-y  are  d!-ei;>' iiu  .  iluiiuly 
d' ~i'.;nrd  to  purify,  and  to  sa\e  iron;  i-  'n- 
lU  iiiii.itioii  I'll  the  iirvM  da>   of  llie  l.-ial 


drinks  tin-  i  ip;    \    \'   w  ion-'.v  >in.l )  that    But  when  we  arc  tims  under  judgment, 

■    le.  coin-   it  is  by  the  Lord  we  are  being  disci- 
bnl  I  l-r-  i  plined.    1  li.   e   are   tbr   tuo  eon- 'laiioii- : 


the  i>;irlakin>:  of  the  br.  ad  ab 
niiniioti  in  lOir  land.  is  .I'i' c|rali 


w!u  1. 


)M  — a-:e  llu-  ral'iii:  !  lli  ■  innii-lmu  "t  i-  ili~i-il'iiiir.  and  it  citnies 
ipan  tin  l.-;d  (wlhtlMT  C.o.l,  or  Cliri^t, 
w  bo^e  Snpi'i  r  had  lua-n   s,i  dishonored*. 


and  llie    Irnil.im;  uo  t.,ei'll»r   lit.  v\ 

jSl      1;     aiiv   II-.-   ibi-   .imniniilt   i-    f.ill  -    ,  -            -    ,.  ,  , 

,.„,„.■    .     ,i„.    II. It     lollow    that.    b.-.  aii-e  i  llie  ob-.al  ..I  the  dlsciplme.  s|>tii  thoii<;h 

,nn„..;i';\   1  ..1 M : p  .1 1. m  m  one  .Kni.  iu  1- ,  u  ni.iy  be,  i>  that  We  may  not_be  con- 


demned with  the  wicked  world,  in  the 


a         w-  ribi,  ]•■■  I  lapaiion  m  on  \  one  eU 

nu'iil'  «..iilil  1"  an  a.le.piaie  d' '  ari;e  -.f  dav  wlun  tlie  Lord  co:n.  s  ,n  .nul'.:melil. 
,1,..  tw  .■onin.iinii  11  .  .bl 'u.at  loiis,  which  ^  33.34-  Taiil  -am.  up  the  disciiss-.m 
je-n-  ,ba'Mia|ii>  e  .  .rdiiLit.  d  !  ol!,  M,  with  ;m  e\ h.  irt.i!  1011  :  allrr  tiv  ^' 

hotiu'  bad  I.mIi  d  !■>  "  di-cern  1! 


30-32.     >onu'  hail  l.Mirii  i.>  (li-ce 
b  ulK  '■   of  the    Lord,   in    I'a-   s,  .,-0  .di..\. 
d.  M  rib.  .1    that  is  why  ir.ar.y  among  you 
are  sick  and  weak  and  not  a  few  are 

sleeping  liie  sleep  of  death.  I  his  is  tb.' 
form  lb. 11  the  imlL^mi'ii!  I...  k  < '.  er.  jm,  aiul 
It  fell  npon  a  yooil  many,  lloii-^.i  s.--- 
Hesl-  lh.it  bt  hin.l  lhi~  stai.  ni.  m  Ii.  -  tlu- 
mi.-.>ti-.  ioi'-  f.  elinir  t!'.:it  ll  i  .  vd  .-.  n-.-- 
i|ii.  ih-.--  w.vr  -  a-.ly  J. 10, !■-.-.. I  l.\  lb."  n'l- 
\\ , .;  -In  |.  , ;  1  .  . Mi  1  II  in  lb.-  I  ".-'-.u'-d- • 
t..r„l  .111.1  .li  ini.  ilii-  w..'il.!  I.  ii.i  -''i.;  ..;! 
lb.-  \  lew  lb..l  ibi-  I  .'-.I  w:i-  -  -pp..-.  I  lo 
b--.  in  s.inu'  r.  lb.i  -u:h  in\-t!--.il  s,n-s.-.  in 
lb.-  .  ruiil--  it  1  .  .| a.rS  ■!!  .1.  ■■•-id:  -  .  e. 
b--\\.  \.  r.    -vioi     lew  .-h    !,,  "    •'.    !■■  r---;.it.! 

Il:,  ..•  ••!.!.        •       a-  '  .  :  -  -.        ii|!li.-h-.|  .  X- 

tirii.ilW  .1-  r,  wire.  a  ;  i:-bini-"t  for 
sin  .S.',-./-  -a  ..I  .'f  Cliri  '  n  Jrith  i.-l. 
Ml     M.    I     lb.-    i\     I  !  '       I  in-    -ni    V.  'a.-li 

_   '  J:      !  A      .1!     l.l.k  ■-! 

di  ■i-rimiiiati.  .11  .li-'nt:  tw-.  .li  i  i-cl  i. -lis  ;  one 
b.,~  oi-l  b.  I  n  nu  nti.iiud  (\er  -•<i>,  the 
,.t|i,  r  li.i.'  a.  I'll  :i  failure  on  the  i.art  of 
ibe  (  I  v.  ■  all-  lo  distiniinish  .i.lripiati  ly 
between  them-eUcs  and  the  world  tvcr. 


'i-rn 

wiird-  of  the  l;ist  f- w  v.-r-e-.  la-  -'m  .d^s 
111  a  ir.-nder  tone,  eallnii,'  them  hi-  c.'/i' .-n. 
So  than,  my  brethren,  when  ye  come 
together  i  .a  ■■  v<.-.l  i-  in  w,  i^.  joi 
to  eat         1    r      -  i-^.  r.  do  11."  -.-!!i-lily 

,  !  v\':a'  \  a  b  :v.-  I---..-'  t  as 
1,1-  tli.it  !s.  a  pnxa'c  ---a 
..1.1-  -bill  wait  for  one 
li  ne  Christi.ui  v.  i:!  1.'  |i.i- 
.  bi-  w  !  1-  v.; 'nine  bin-  i  f 
a  n.  .|  I- til.  -a.  niai!i--s 
ah    o-aali!    .-I'-.v.iy-    t-.  cliar- 


;n!ii  i- 
• . -n  a-  \ .  !i  .1 :  : 
].<  r.    n..:'  I'a-  1 

another,  lb.- 

la  y  .    a-i.l  v'- 

iaw  ,ir'"\  .  la-  -a  ' 

a.a.l   .  aaU  r   v.  'ii 
f  a.  ■.  ! .  a-   ;i   riMi-tian  assend.iy    <  s-\    .jo  », 
j  b--t  .-f  a.'l  tin-  .-.  I  b':,ji,.n  ..f  tlie  -'ip- 

I  p-  r     In    ir.    lu-    will    tliiiik    of   tin-    1  omI. 
ir..!'.r  ib.an  of  the  snpp--r  .  it  -  prani'y  . 
j  nil    i.  to  coiiiir. m- ■•  .ih-    Han.  n-l 

;         1"  la  .  r     I  L,  r.  !•  a .  if  a  man  is  hun- 

^;ry.  let  liim  dine  at  home,  lest  your 
meetings  issue  in  judgment:  the  sort  of 

li  11  •  i,-a.  .1  a  in  ula.b  w.r-  common  in  (".ir- 
inlli  I'oa.ld  ..n'y  .ml  in  one  vv;iy.  in  the  siart 
of  iiid.mnents  that  had  already  befallen  the 
cli'irch  (\i-r  .?o).  In  this  terrible  sense, 
till  y  wo'ild  "meet  tniietlier  for  the  worSC  " 
(  ver.  ir).    There  are  other  matters  aflcct- 


Vh.  XI] 


I  CORIN'THIANS. 


83 


inn  l'ul>!!c  W'lr-ln])  .iii.l  i>i>-.tl,ly  tin-  i-"in- 
imiiiiiiii  -iT\u-i'.  ii;  u'  uii   W:  .  li.i-  I'.itlur] 
iii^tnu-ti.M-.^  but  the  rest  I  will 

arrange  when  I  may  come— he  hiiK-s 

to  COtllC  MHin  uv.  KJ). 


Circitni-t.'iiK'i  >  Ii.iM'  --I"  clianiii'il  that  thr 
partii-uhir  al'';-!'-  uliu  ii  in  pi  mt'i  tlu- 
i-iK'1>rati"ti       til.   l-'iiil'-  r  at  l.auith 

arc   II. ■  ii..";li'n-   l.i.la\.    \vl  l'aul'> 

vwiiiiini;^  ..ri'  n..i  willi.^iit  tlinr  p.iiiit  i\vu 
l",  ii'  1  \i:r\     m  i  vu  i'      it     ihf     i  !r::\-Ii 

Un.l  ■  t-.  t!iv  IhUiT  "  u«.T.   171,  ht 
our  cditR'ati. .11  aii.l  iniprnMiiuiit.  ami  ino^t 
ul  all  the  >.  ■li  iiiii  si  ivicc  wliiih  coiiiiiu'iiii> 
rates  tl»c  diath  ot  our  Lord.    It  ought  to 


I.  ,-  ,1  1  iini.Kiiii 'II  ^crNiii'.  111  '!i  with 
llnii  .mil  uitli  iiiif  aiiiitlur,  in  I'liii.tli  the 
pii  i  iu'o  <>i  ■■  tlivisiutis "  (vt  r.  i."^!  \\a> 
parf'llv  i.livi..:i>.  .iiu!  iiiviT  1-  thr  ilui-n.' 
vpu  it  ^.i  l.itti.  lit  liiic  a>  Hi  tl'.at  MfMir  which 
ua^  ii.  -.,iiiil  I.'  uMiti'  ih-vMpi.  -  111  ...111 
111!  in<  .rat  iiik  tlu'  (lyiiii;  \\^^Tk  nt  tluii  .-.■ni- 

II.  . ,11  I. ..1.1  t  >n  t M  1 ;.  ..i\a-i..i;  ..11  wiiich 
the  Siip]..  1  1-  ■  1:  ..Ii'.l,  tlu-ia  liire.-- ;;n«l 
till-  i::i|ila-,i;i..n  1-  t'a..'  it  will  11. 't  lir  mtfe- 
.(■n  iit    (\iT.  j'.i     ■  tlu  rc   1-    iikMiniln  nt  nil 

w!i..  pat  lu'.p.ae  tlu-  il'Hy  ..l  pii..r  seli- 
i  \ati!ii!at!..ii  iwt  j.^  I  that  It  may  ho  eii- 
t.  ri.l  up. Ill  m  a  -pirn  nl"  thriNtuin  fellow- 
ship ami  al'tei-tiiin  lnwanN  the  other  par- 
ticipant-, ami  111  Initnhle  yratitnde  tuwariti 
the  Lord  wlio  gave  lliinscit'  tor  us. 


84 


I  CORINTHIANS. 


[Ch.  XII 


SPIRITUAL  GIFTS  (xii-xiv). 


ni  AFTER  I  J. 

I  Niiw  fiiiurrniiiK  >iiiritii.il  ^'i/ZJ.  liritli- 
Ti-n,  I  viOxM  nut  have  ><mi  innornnt. 

J  Ye  know  that  yc  wire  (kiitilts.  car- 
ridl  away  unto  tlusl-  dumb  idols,  fvcn  as 
VI-  were  ird. 


.1  Wherefore  I  give  yi>ti  to  understand, 
that  no  tnan  s|>eakinK  hy  tlu-  Sjiint  of 
(iikI  callcth  Jesus  aecurMil:  ami  lluii  no 
man  can  say  that  Jesus  is  the  Lord,  but 
liy  the  Holy  Ghost. 


After  till-  i|!u>tiMn  nf  llu'  Wdiiiin's  \ril 
;inil  liii  ^iipin  r  lia\.   Im  11 

ihr  iii  Ki  pli.L^c  111  |iii1iIk-  w(ir>.ln|p  l" 
(.  l.nni  ['.nil's  all"  ntion  was  that  iiivulved 
ill  the  iM  iiisi'  of  s]iiritiial  Kifts.  Here,  as 
tlu  rc.  thi  rc  had  been  unseeinluiess  and  dis- 
ordi  r.  I  lie  services  had  not  always  tended 
to  edilieation  (xiv.  Jk  ef.  xi.  i;);  all 
things  had  not  been  done  with  conielim  -^ 
and  order  (xiv.  40).  The  rias..ii  ii,,t 
far  to  seek.  The  mental  and  -I'lii'"  '!  • 
ohition  which  had  hi  eii  created  hy  the  iu  w 
nlininii  e\l>re»s,(l  itself,  in  the  eseitaMe 
(  ,n  >  k  1'  11')"  i  iitu  iit,  siiuietiiiu's  in  vein  iiu  iit 
aihl   ill!;  ua\s,  whuh  were  !■> 

tile  j;eiH  r.il  aih  ant.iye  (  \n.  ;i.  In  their 
CC~ta~\.  the  lu  w  i-niiM  i  ;.',  Wii;'!.!  e:.u  n!.ite 
niiiiiti  IhuihU'  sMiiii.!-,  •■-','(  ih  uiui  ("liciii 
as  the  ciiri"!is  phr.i-e  r  iii,  let,  \iv.  i.s-i'ii  ; 
M '!i;ili!iies  tun  "r  th'ie  w.i;:.!  -I'e.ik  at 
..lue    (MV.  aii.l   li;e  edil.i  .iti. 'ii  wliieh 

is  the  ni'l  iif  imhiic  U'Msh.ip.  w.e.iM  lie 
>;r:i\ei\  iiii: "  rilK  il.  Au.iiii  ihi,-  i;iv  ,ii  \a- 
r.  !\  111  ■■ l  if.i.il"  v;iit^  IiiI'Ik!  in  eri.i'e 
i|:\i  lu    Aieii  the   meiiihkrs    (\ii,  J^<; 

,i    ];:   his    ,■   :..ue.l    h!-:h.r  WmiiM 
.     ■  III  iiifi  :  .'f  I  Ml.  -'I  »   while  tiioso 

,  i  nil-. -[.■  ;:. .lis  ai:, mullet. ts  niii;lit  IiM.k 
•,']H.:i  ihi  i.i^elves  as  iisele--,  nr  he  jeahms 
Hi'  the  nihil--.  I  he  sitii;tti"ii  ealleil  Inr  a 
wise  WiTtl  trnni  l'a:il.  Whitlur  ihey  h.ui 
C'lii-iilltil  !;'iii  or  lint,  we  il"  ii"t  kiii'U  — 
)ir<i|iah!>  till  >  Ii.icl;  lint  he  eK  .,:!>  mi.  ii.!- 
thi-  iii-eii--:.iii  i.i   spiritual  1"  :n:;;i 

one  <'t  th.  yreat  dri-n-ns  ,.1  lii>  leitir 
(lor  T»P'  at  the  Ixginnini^,  cl.  vii.  I, 
25,  viii.  I  ). 


Thi-  T.St  <i  /•.  «,•...-    il  '  V  //it-  Stint  vf 

(,  I  ' 

\  c  c^ri er  spirituiil  uift^ 

I  r.:t' ,  ■    i'  i;i  ]■  ■  '  brethren, 

I  do  not  wish  you  to  be  ignorant. 
Kii<>\vlei!i;e  on  thi^  inuiil  iiirjlit  Very  e.isil> 
be  nil-cure  nr  eniu'iised  .s>pirit-pn-ses>iiiii 
was  a   freiiuent   phetionieiion   in  Jewish 


and  lie.iiheii  reliniiii;  ininhty  wnrils  might 
he  spnUi  II  and  miKhty  \vorks_  tlone  by 
persniis  iiiuler  certain  s|>iritual  inlluences: 
the  question  was,  how  could  it  be  deter- 
mined wliether  the  spirit  that  inspired  them 
was  di\ine  or  diabolic?  Ji^iis'  tiwn  works 
were  attributed  by  the  scribes  to  Heel/ebub 
(Mark  iu.  j.m.  Ilnw  were  phennmeiia  so 
«li-tuii;iii-lu  il  -  I  hi-  pnint 
clear  up  for  the  Cnrui- 


lie 


t' 


similar  t 

r.iiii  wis 

thi;ms. 
2,  3.    You  know 

appeal  li  1  th.  ;r  Ivimu  h 
you  were  heathen,  you 

we  ha-.e  In  -■:;iii:>-  'jr* 
led  away  to  idols  that 


au;iiii  the  f;imili.ir 
J. —  that  when 
were:  app.ua  inly 

\\  : I !  1  (1 TT T/ ivn  oi  I 
inihke  the  luiii^; 


I,  1.  had  no  voice,  according  as  you 
might,  on  each  occasion   linipi.  uiise) 


happen  to  be  led. 

iire.icll  hitwiell  their 
liresiiit  life  then  they 
r,.  v  .-li  e  ( 'liri-:  :.tn.     1  I 


Here  w  .is  a  ]> 
I'nnner  .at:!!  I'.uir 
were  /'/(■(■■,' '..  i;,  imw 
le  id  -1-  wiiieli  ihev 
were  dniuh 
ell  in  their 
-s,  and  con- 
li  were  siijt- 
staiid  lieliiml  them  were  demonic, 
r.nl  dixine.  That  is  why  I  make  known 
to  you  that  no  one  speaking  in  the  pnw  er 
.and  iindi  r  the  inlliu  iiee  of  the  spirit  of 
GOD  says,  "  Cursed  be  Jesus,"  and  no 
one  can  say  "Jesus  is  Lord,"  unless  in 


thi  11  w   rshipiied  aiiil  eniisahi  1 
1  I's.   cx'..  71.   the  nraeh's 
ii.iine  Wi  re  often  uliseiire,  iiseli 
tr.idietnry,  .and  the  jmuers  whi 
jinsed  t 


the  holy  spirit,  \\  -a  i-.  e  -pirit  ni  (ind. 
i  ;,e  li  ne  1'  -1.  ih'  n,  nf  ;,  uici's  pns-i  ssinii 
'>  the  siij.jt  ,,|  (;,„!  is  ills  afil'ide  to 
I  si:s  :  hill  ac.ain  we  -ee  hn\v  iiitmiilelv, 
1  •V  r.i  d,  Ji  :'-  is  iinnlv,,]  in  ih.c  id.  ,1  of 
tin,!.  It  wie;;d  h.irdlv  hi  il.  .(  Cliiistian 
.iss,  inh'\  ti:  il  any  niie  cn'::i|  cry  n'lt.  "Je-iis 
he  ar.ilhi  ni.i  .■■  ihis  cry  inns(  h.ive  In  eii 
I'l-a'heii  nr  Ji  v\  -li.  I  In  re  Weie  le.iiiy 
ways  in  wliieh  thi   siiiiii  was  sMppnsrd  to 

r:l;ni:l.  s!     lis,  1}         jiTiiiitlo;    n'h.Ts_    1:1    i  i"st.il'i-^ 

I'liinli  lh'.;!h\    s|„i>a..  s--|i:Tiiii.-   t,  -t  nf 

tine  -pinl  ]in-,i  ss|, ,]].  h  'Wi\er.  w  .is  iint 
t'-.i-,  lint  Iinnihh-  sn!  niissinu  In  the  an- 
tlinrity  nf  I'hrisf  and  inteiliueiit  vamfession 
<if  lliin  as  Lord  (cf.  Mark  ix.  .?8f.). 


Ch.  XII] 


I  CORINTHUNS. 


85 


4  N'ow  thcro  are  diversities  of  gifts, 

hut  till'  sanu'  Spirit. 

5  Ami  thin-  arc  (litTcrcnccs  of  admin- 
i>tratiiiii>.  Iiiit  the  >ainc  l.iiril. 

()    And   tlnTi    arc  (llvt•^-ltl^^  <'t  ii|iiTa 
liut  it  is  till'  >ainL'  (i"tl  uIikIi  wnrk 
fill  all  in  all. 

7  l')iit  till-  niaititi  -tatioii  of  llu-  Spirit  i-< 
given  ti>  I'M-ry  man  u>  prutit  witluil. 

8  I'dr  til  1  IK'  i>  nivvn  l>y  tlif  Spirit  tlii- 


word  of  uiMloin;  to  aiMllur  ilie  word  of 

knowK-tl>;f  liy  tin-  s.mii'  Spirit ; 

()    To  anotluT  taitli  li\  llu-    .mu'  Spirit; 

1.1    aii'iliiir    the    K'tl-    I'l    lu.iiiii^    |i>  the 

>anic  Spirit  ; 
j     ii>    Ti.  .iii"tlur  llif  uorkiiiv  miracles; 

t"  aii'illur  pri'pliccy;   !"  .;ii"'l:.r  ili^ccrii- 

iiiK  of  spirit-;  to  aiiollicr  (ii.ci.v  kiiuli  of 
;  toiij<iic« :  t<j  aiiothvr  the  iiitcrprctatum  ff 
'  loimiio ; 


Spiritual  (Jifis  .U.m.v  and  .'  iiriVi/.  Ilul  I'lU- 
in  Source  and  I'urpose  (xii.  4-11). 

4-7.     The  siipninc  ■■itnal  i>'i>- 

sc>-ioii  ha-  ju-t  Inc.  .  There 

are,  however,  divisi  than  1/1/- 

/■.■(, -Ill  .-.v.'  cl.  the  iiar'ic,  ■   r.   11)  of 

■•piriiiial  endowment.,,  u'  the  same 
spirit;  and  there  are  u' visions  of  minis- 
trations, but  the  same  Lord;  and  there 
are  divisions  of  activities  but  the  same 
God,  inspiring  all  these  activities  in  all 
the  different  tyjies  of  Cliristiaiis  (vv.  4-'i». 
The  Trinitarian  i-<incei)tion  seems  to  shine 
throtign  this  st,ite!iu"'t,  cf.  2  Cor.  xiii.  14. 
The  eiiilowtneiiis.  the  tmnivir.itiotis,  ami 
the  actixitics.  are  the  same  tiiiim  conceived 
troni  ilitYcmtt  points  of  view.  II.'  ii;.!'  w- 
incni~  arc  -^ifts  of  the  si>irit,  winch  take 
the  lorni  of  .tcr/ci'  i"f  in  i!iy  km.!-:  phi  ) 
prcscrihcd  hy  ami  reiicli'  ij  to  the  Lord 
(that  i-,  t'liri-ti.  and  ■>'. !  ;ch  arc.  from 
aiiotlicr  point  of  \ii'-\.  cxi'i >■--  ■  Ji-  (  t  .-in 
iimnaiicnt  di\iiic  iwLi  ty.  .\-  it  worked  :ii 
ail.  even  in  the  Ka-t  i;il!.d.  tin  rt  -Ii'  "M 
he  I'c)  room  i..r  jeal.  ;  ii>t  .1-,  ew  il 
in  the  tiio-t  shifted,  tl'.cre  -h'"i!d  hi'  ro 
room  for  ]ii;de,  for  it  1-  !';,it  wo'kitli. 

But  to  each,  t  .  li..   h  i-t       w,!;  a-  to 

tiie  ijii.ite-.!,  is  giV'.il  coiitni'io!i-.'y    i|.r(  -  i 

the  manifestatiori  of  the  spirit,  uin  h  < 

pri  -e-   it-.  It   1!    -.."le  w,;y  !hro'i'-:li  in-y 

(  i"  .''..ii    I'.  •  !■  ,    !'';;  \'i 

ti  11  1-  with  i  view  to  that  which  is 
profitable,  not  so  nmch  to  the  iti.li'-idii  1 
liiinsclf  a-  I.i  the  whoU'  Imdy  of  wliich  he 
is  a  iin  inlier.  the  church  ( \iv.  12,  2(1). 
dreit  gifts  are  not  to  he  a  source  of  y  idc 
to  tlicir  po--essor,  but  of  profit  to  ihe 
clmrch. 

8-10.  Paul  now  proceeds  to  emtm-  rate 
the  ways  in  witicli  the  spirit  maiiife-t-  it- 
self to  the  advantage  of  the  clmrcli  F"or 
to  one  through  the  spirit  is  given 
the  word  of  wisdom,  and  to  another  the 
word  of  knowledge  according  to  the 
same  spirit;  to  a  m.-m  of  another  t\pc 

fUth,  ntovinir  in  tiie  -I'liere  of  ai-.l  m  the 

power  of  the  same  spirit,  and  to  another 
gifts  of  healing  of  various  kinds  (fa^Mtrwi', 


pill  I  in  and  hy  im  .ill-  oi  the  one  spirit, 
and  to  another  mighty  nin.iciiM.e.-  activi- 
ties, and  to  another  prophecy,  and  to 
another  power  to  distinguish  i!  .  v.in.iiis 
spirits;  to  .1  mm  of  another  t>|.e.  v.iri.eis 
kinds  of  tongues,  and  to  another  inter- 
pretation of  tongues  iw.  S  101  1  he-e 
\er-e-  all. lid  1;-  .1  \cry  iiitere-tiii'.^  yliiiip-e 
mill  ilie  nriltii.irioii-  a.'tuity  of  t!ie  I'oriii- 
ihi.iii  eliiiieu.  Ihe  i|;;<-iioii  in  ,\  he  r.iised 
whether  tiiere  is  any  kind  of  order  in  this 
li.-t.  A  similar  li»'t  of  spininal  eiulow- 
tneiits  occurs  in  \cr.  2>*:  hut  that  li-t.  with 
it-  first,  si-Ciiii,l.  third,  then,  lli,  n.  is  clearly 
intended  to  sn-i^c-t  order  of  importance, 
roiiinioii  to  li.ith  li-ts  is  the  placiiii;  of  the 
"tongues,"  at  the  end,  and  there  can  be 
little  do'il.t  th.it  that  is  siiniitic.int  of  I'aiil's 
ri  .il  opmioii.  I  he  t  'oiHithuiiis  111. idc  much 
of  it:  r.r.il  Iiint-  th.it  i(-  n  ,d  p'.ie.'  1-  l.i-t, 
liot  lir  t      111   decidiiiL;   whether  am  di'iih- 


<  ;  ;ite    1 1 


is  oh 


itl    \\  S^-lo, 


[■1.  -dice   of  iripui    iwit'iout   <V  i .   twiei'  111 

■  '.I'  nud-i  of  -o  m.my  ri  pel 'li' .11-  .'i  aWw  (V 
h.i-  t..  he  l:iken  into  aec  'int  I'  i-  po-- 
-ihle  th.il  'h.'  clKinye  w  1-  iii.ide  -;m|'Iy  for 
\:iriely\  -:ike ;  h'lt  it  is  oi-t  :i-  |.r..h-i!.lc 
t'  it  It  li.i-  a  di  .  |ii  r  111.  lUm..^.  i  -|m  ei.rly 
w::'!!  we  note  th.il  i  ,u  li  •r-iiw  i  m.iii  nf 
.i.iothir  I,  I  d..e-  r..i'i'>  inir.  .li'ii  f  a 
^.T'liip  tli;it  dity<  r-  perci  piih'y  from  the 
.  llier.-.  I  he  c.i-e  II.:-  h.  .  II  \\  lipi:l  i.\  I'l.o 
f.  --or  I'lndlay.  '  I  h.-  r. .-:•!-.  th'ti,  fell 
mto  tliric  di\i-!oi'-.  of  t'.'....  t".'.'-.  and  two 

i  !•  .'Miln  1-  r. -;ii  tniiv.  with  Xx-,af_  iriunt, 
-,.\u.'.Tfr,u  |-|Heeli.  I'.iiih,  l..ii'^;ii-]  for  ihcii 
til'.-,  the  tir-t  of  which  evhilni-  th..'  Spirit 

,  w.irkrin  tiui-Ujih  th.-  itlfelhueiu'.',  the  -ec- 

■  111. i  in  diitiwclton  ,".i(n  till'  intelligence, 
*.'in.|  the  third  i>t  sup,  '- u-ssi.^n  of  the  intel- 

hi;ence,"  cf  \iii  S.  Coii-idcriiig  the  ent- 
pl:,i-i-  placil  hy  IViiil  eii'icr  in  the  epistle 
.11  ('liri-ti.in  :ci.>./  it  1-  ii;itiir:d  to  fiiij 
II  ill  the  tirst  jilae.'  h.  r--  I  In  di-tinction 
tietwceti    :,iS{:.  r-         '  .  '  j .r, v 

j  i-     that     tliC      t..''ll.  r     \.     i;:-  ..',;  ],..,, 

•  d,  .  p  ii'irp.  -.'  oi  (,.  ..1  :(-  ,  Tiiliii.li,  d  in  Cliri-t. 
til.'  Ill',  r  I  -  !'■;.  inti  Ih  i'tii.d  .ippr.  h'-nsi..n 
of  th:-.    Of  a  ihtYi  reiit  t'.pe  j-  tlic  gronp 

[in  which  faith  predominate ■..    As  faith  i» 


I  I'OKINTUIANS. 


[Ch.  XII 


1 


II  1,111  .1.1  t'.HM'  workfth  itial  '>n.-  ynil 
ih.'  -lit-. nil'-  Sl'iiil,  liiM'lii.u  1"  <\'i>  111.111 
.SIM  r..!l\  .1-  111  «ill 

ij  i.,,r  .1-  I.o.lv  1-  i.u.-.  .iii'l  li.it'i 
lii;niv   iii.trlM  t-,   .iii.l  ..'t  iiih.  r- 

lli.il  (.IK-  1.  ■'>.  liiiiii;  i:i;i;i>.  iiic  ■■'i''  h<'i\\  : 


I!    |.'.,r  liv  >>nt-  Si'irit  .irc  \vi-  all  ''i]'- 

|,  .,',!             ,.':ir   !  .  '.l-.  .      111  liiiT  '■.  '• 

I,.  ■       ■.  u!.'     ■  ■          '     '"''I'l  '  '     ■"  ■ 

an^l  L.iM-  I'n'i  all  in.nlr  'Imik  nn,.  .■no 
S)iirit. 


j.|,l   1,,  .         .  v.'u  |.  \i  1  1m  .1  nri'i"-  r<  lr.^i'''i-- 
H|„  ' ,  .  !    1 1.  !.    M   1. 1  ,  ,.!■  -  1  -i-  .-la.lv  ••• 
1..    IV.  '.  -ir.n-r 
It  ili.i-  lui!   Ill  .1  i  i:ii.:"r>    l'>  it-'ll: 
1,11!    ill,-  ■■..111.  M    iimIm  -   11  'I'.'l  '111- 

l.iilli  li.  ir  Mill  mini  i>  isi'l  'liat  wliu'li  jil-- 
titi.-s.  1.1!!  ill. it  r. liiili  nial  v-  a  man  t"  'I" 
iiukIiI^  liiiiiK-  ' '  1    \l.i'-     • -'" '  V' 
t.iUr    llir    -1"  •  '    1"'"'  '■  '" 

«li-r,i-.-,  i.r  II  ir.a>  t"-  |..  A>r  ..l  .i  l.'..:i'!i  i; 
'  •  .,!,    -1  11.  r.ii  kiii'l     111  ill"' 

VI   il    n..lK~    .1.    r'-  I 

I  ,  I  .11..  !  '  l.r  1.1.1  1  ; .  .  .1!  u  !i. '  i-'iiiM  -1"  .i'> 
u-iii    ,  11'.    :ii'.  ll:'.:'  lu-  .    aii-l    |...u.  V. 

.1,',  ;,,  1:111. l:  !■■  Ifi:li  iii;ji.n:\  li..'iir  I.. 
|i  1,  1!,.    .111.1  I"  r.ii  i  \    ."■■ii>  i.  li.'ii,  I" 

•  .ll,,   1.  .1  1^    (  \u.  Jl  I  >.      I      I'  ''i' 

•  ,       , .   .,M          .    -■  .  II   I  '  I    M.     I      '  iii.iii.\ 
,  ,1.,  .  ,|"   -  |,;r!i  |.         ■  -1.  '11  .  .iiul  :iii.  .till  r  .1 

(1,,  1.,  ,,.  Mi.  1  f.'ii.  .!  u.i-  'l.<-  t'''       '  ' 

•«(.»'<  •!;ll»i'-i't  "Ii'llur 

til.  ir    ..iii.-i  i!.\itu  <•!•  iliiii.  .inc. 

11,,-  l  i  t  .,.;i..i!l.  in.v-.!i  -  'i.^ii.  >  .aii'l  tlu-ir 
n::,  •  l  l  \\  liali  m  r  in.i>   l"-  tlu'  ra-i' 

111  \.  1-  II.  lluri'  is  11.1  nasi. II  t.>  >ni.ii..M. 
il^.il  l!n-  r<  u  ia  iu-i'  inn-  n  l"  \\h-  \>"\\i  r 
■  .  -]n,ik  111  (..rciyii  l.ini;iiaci-.  In  ni^  hiI- 
:ikiiiL;  \Mtli  ti>iii;iH--  is  i  . .ii.'/m'i-i/  t.i 
>Iii':ikinu  ill  .1  fiiriii-ii  laimr  r.-.  .  "1  tluTc- 
ii.rr  must  ilsrll  liaxc  lu  i  li  -  >lit- 
fi-rtiit;  ii'.r  mi  ilu-  n  tiniu'i-  I"  li.iU-i-- 
Imlil  .'.|  (".  111.  Iiiis  (  Al  l-  \.  .('.i  <.r  tli"' 
.li-.-i].'.--  at  {•■(.lii'-iis  f  Al  t-  \i\  1.1  i-  till  r-- 
:iiiy  111  I.  --il>    l..r.  I'ru  l\   in.  s;u  Ii  a.i 

rit(  i].ri  t;;lii  .ii      \1I  '<  ' '       -  1' '  ■  l"  -'- 

I'l'^  w  ith  !.  .imni  -  ;n  I  ( .r    \  \    U'  •  !" 

111  it    il    W.l-    .111    .  .-st.lt!.-    -:!■'  TalUH     Ml  >!f«M- 

t,  M-:''  '.  ■.   w  ':■>  li   !!;■■   S'>  ''k.  v   Inn'  - 

.  ,  1:   11.,-'  t    I  \u     '.   1,;  I   ..f  in'.^l;'.   n.'t  I"' 
n  .  niU  i  PI  .  1    1  \n.     I.'>  I  ■-  ll"-'  : '    '  ' 

I,',.'-.,-,'   /;';.•    '."'.:)(,.'    u.is   .a   uiti    "f  llm 
It    1;,,..    l„-,  n    -ni-.^cs|.  ll    iV.d  till' 
Ml  in:'.'    :.r..l    in ■ -n' i-! ! ii; i ntt.  r..'u-i  s  t.i 
uli„  !i    ni.n    \\.  '.     n'..\.'.!    nn.!.  r    'iir  iii- 
n,.,.,;,,.  ,,|  t'li-  lu  u  nlipi..!).  in.iv  liaw  lutii 
..  I.,  r. 'i -ti:u  si„  i-(Ii  :  lliis  1-; 

...  \'  ...... r-..\   n  ■    v:i     .,   ■•  I!-..;-!.  I 

s;.,  ..k'  ui'li'  'l!if  t.  n-i.  s  nr'  .I'l-.'.  /'  "  I'mt 
t.,  I'.ii.l  V,,  s.  ii-.i!'..'!;  !  a  cilt  is  n  .im>lit 
uith  mn.  li  ilanwir,  .iml  link-  l>iMtit.  to  ih.' 
.  Imr.-li.  .m.!   U\  u-.-  lif  .U-lik.-r;iU-!y  puts  it 

l.lsl    I  \  \      IK.  1. 

11.    Ilu-  eills,  lluMi,  an-  many;  but  tlio 


'  sjiirit  «liirli  tlirv  111. nil',  -t   M'l    7'  an. I 
,  uli'i  a   tl:.  \    .1 .'  ni-i'ni  .1.   i-  '•"•' 
I  .  ,.i  ,       I'm    ]..  .mt.  « !ni-!i  li.is  ;.!rt-:iil\  1.  .  n 
;  .1  ciil.  iii.iliy  m.uk-  111  \s         ''   .w'uii-  |!'i. 
j  t;ilts   :irr   /•';»■, .|(^7(.   in  iir.  ■  '    ^  - 
I  tin    .  Ill-   M.'.l-n  '    1     ]■■  "■■  '  ' 

I  »•..!!.!•!  I. .11     In  all  these      •■  •      -     .  .  it 
is  the  one  and  the  same  spirit  that  is 
avtive,  dividing  to  each  severally  as  lie 
I  will.     It  .-nl  till  '-111-  .ll  1..   k.i\'  "t"   -  aoi. 

pri.K-   :,n.l    -.  ..!•.':->    .:ni-.-  "  'l   ">  'I'l' 

I  ,i  '1  Ml.  .11      1  hr  -I'lril  ili-'i  ilirt.  -  an  .-ipi'i  "- 
.jift        ,-,r. /..  nii--in..;  iimiu- ;  the  -pi'-lt 
,,i  .II,    u!i  1,   i-  l...un,l  iM  m.ml.st  it-tlt  in 
,     I,  11  ,  n  '   r  1  \,  r.  7».    Ili-  '1m'-s  this  iinK-i-d 
,.,  i  I  ,■  ,,,,  ,  i.'i!  ''.it  iImis  iiMt  iiu-im  lapri 
]\  :     ILn-sp.       tin- .■,i]i.,.-itu  »  uf  i-.ii'tl. 
!  i|.  ilin'..;     with    i-.R-li    SifiUM'-y.    /'ii;  d'r/.V 
'  I  '^ip  ) . 

I 

/■/).•  (7ii(r,7i      ,1  A'.'./v  With  Mcmlu-rs  ( xti. 


ilu-  i.ni-  -i  "'it  "'ill  it^  11  any  and  variid 
ni.ii'ifrst.i!!  11-  lU'j.  ♦>  til  I'aill  the  iiii-:i 
..i  Ilu-  ll. ..K  uiih  Its  iiiatiy  iiuiuIhi--.  tmd 
tills  ili..i'.>.:h't  h.  .iiM'hi'  i"  i''i-  >'!' "' 
i-lr.irrh.  wli..-,  \ari..ns  iimnl'.is.  lik,  th.i-e 
iif  till'  li..,ls.  sli,,iii,l  w..rk  in  h  irni..'  >.  cu-li 
,,;  ,1,  |,|  r,-.'  ;.'i.!  i-.-i.lri'.'.it'n^  !•' 
,;  ,'■  ,  ,  ,,,  .1  .    y/,  .  -. 

12.  13.    For.  as  the  body  is  one,  and 
has  rr.aiiy  members,  and  ALL  the  mem- 
bers of  the  body,  many  as  they  are,  con- 
stitute ONE  body,  so  also  is     T'  •  '\ 
-h-.'iM   i\|..it.    /';.-  Iinl  — Christ, 

ri  i;.-riK-il  ,1-  ilu-  luTs. .11  :1,!\  wliMsi'  iiii-  i< 
in  1  I  ll  anil  ,i'l  du-  niriiil.,-r-.  .-ntd  who 
•111  rill. r.  CMiistitnlis  ih,  ir  niiily.  it  taki-s 
all  til-.'  till  ni'n-Vs  t"iii-llu'r  Im  tnakc  tin-  Miie 
1  ...ii.  For.  as  a  matter  of  fact  iio'  i.  ALL 
of  us  were,  in  .iinl  niuK  r  ilu-  iiitln.  ncc  of 
ONE  spirit,  baptized  an-i  thiis  iiu-oriiM- 
i.i'.ii  into  ONE  body,  whether  Jews  or 
Greeks,  slaves  or  free  men,  and  we  were 
tlnis  ALL,  liy  iMir  hai'iisiii  —  not.  as  si.mi.- 
sn|ii...st',  tliiiiiuli  '111-  I.. 'Ill  -  -ii)iiHr  —  made 
to  drink  of  ONE  spirit,  i  '1,  slav.-  is  ;i 
tn. 'nk.  r,  a  liniti.  ..f  tin-  I..  .ly.  •  ■'  ''■--  tl.an 

ill,.    I'l-.-i'    IlKlll,    till     liIi.N    n..    1-     ■    -'.ill  •':<• 

li  w-     I-"acli  niriiilu  r  is  ;  i.  l.iti.l  t.'  the 

wlii'le.  and  tlurefiire  from  this  point  of 


1  11.  XIIJ 


I  ruiaNTIllANS. 


M7 


1,,.,' 

.  v\l'.,ll 

.    1, Mr. 

.  !  % 

.■.1  \' 

.1      \'  ■■■  > 

.1  t 

l-  U. 

•ill'  '.    t.  .  ' 

1,    .  1- 

, 

It  .    Ml"  '11 

-     !  i  i'.  -■      «  1 

■   1  ,       >v  •• 

!;  •■■•Mr  ; 

'l  .ll'.l 

:  t 

.  ..■....,.!. 

1  ..1  !  '!n 

r.  1     _|  I. 

r  ■  -T  .  .  ■:•  . 

1  ..  II. . .!  . 

14  l"i>r  the  boity  i*  li'>t  "lu-  ninnlKT.  |i  ;       .ii    I'.t  !   n.  u    .11, •  lii,  v  in.inj  nuiiilHTS, 
iii.ti.v.  '  t  I'  M      ■  ''■"•> 

1;     li  tlir   i..,  t  I  j  i  tli     ivr    .-.liri.-  v.n'-'  IliC 

n-.l' tlu'  h.i!i>l.  I  .mi  n-t       lii.  .  1-  1;    !  .■  I,  I  lnv.-  11..  11... I  .1  r;. .     ,:••!  ..\;.mi 

tlu-n-I.Tf  I'.'t        iIa'  1m..1\  •  jtiM-  1..  i!u>  lit!.  I   h....   1..  1:.  .4  ..| 

1(1    Aiiil  II  tlif  i.ir  '.-..11  ».i>.  r.'A'.i'>r  Mviiii. 
.nil  n.  t  liu-  ly.-,  I  ;ini  ih't  ..(  ili.-  !.■.■!>.  i>  ;  N.n,  iiiiuii  iii'T.  nt.  t  1!..  t .  .if 

II  til'  r<  f'Ti  iml  I't  thi-  \i'<'\\ 

\~    It    ihf    wli.  !■■    '••"I>      ■  '.  .i'l 
w lu"  t hi    111  .It ii'c  '    If   I '  ' 

;»(•',■  hianiii'.  uh  'I    :.  ■  .•  t'"     'i.  vi. 

15  r.ut  V      I.       '    ■'.  -  • 
cvi-rx  ■  'I'r  .  ■!  till  111  in  'l;i  li.  "K .  .i~  r  ! 
pi. .1-1.1  liiiii, 

K)    .\ii.l  -f  ll>i  \    vM  ii'  ;iH  "111-  n.,  ni 
wJht.-  :.v.-.-  ti.i-  l..i.!>  ••  ■•   !      ••!  'nfi  !•:■■•         i!-'  " 

view      .imi  I'll-  1-  till-  I'll.  HI  -.-■ii"  111.-  1111  11. .it  1-  I'll   ,!:\  11..  ii.'..r  ot  tlrn.-  ' 

Ii..I!.iIli-.       .liM'li.i:   li-     ulr..'.     II  i>     <m:  \  ,i  i,v 

latsM-cii  till-  iii.ii:!'  I-  <>1   wr  iH-io.    But,  a.s  it  is,  God  !     .  '  .1. 

(1.1   ii.it   c.iim;.    Ni.f    tii<-   iiiii'.iii.iii  ■    .1-  1-1.1.11                il       ■    ■        .;    ..li!    p  im.il 

i-r:i..  .1  ti.  i..i|';i-ii'     .  It-  i".  .tnu  .  •  ■  li  w       t' 1-  ,       I,'  ii'i  "           ■        -       I  I  I'l.  •■!  .. 

^iiirii   Hill  11.  rr    •         -  ;•     '1    !  i'    .        '  ^et  'lu'  mfnilii.T  ^,  ■    t  -invlx  .1  1 

.L  u'.iv  ..I  U,i:  .  KVEKY  SIN- 

14-17.'   For  indeed  the  body  is  not  one  GI.IC  ONli  ot  them,  in  the  hoiiy.  as  He 

member,  but  many.    .Ml  ;u.-  m  .       v  wishetl     n  •.        i    -Is     •■  ••••••>• 

liu-  -1:.,.-.  tin-  i.-.l:i>  -.I--!;        :     V.  ■'■  '■■■•■i  •■■             '  J  ■■  !  :    ■  'i'; 

,',       1    ,,]    ,,n,.    v..i:i',;      ■     '  .           :  ■,    '  I           ■    '    II  '      Now  il  tluy  wtic  all 

ii'il     if,  !■  r  I  \  iini  1.  .  the  loot  sliouLi  sav.  .  ne  rr.enibcr.  where         :    tlu-  b.  tlv  ' 

ini.l.  r  "liu-   •I'lMi.  ■     11  r.      i;               ■  .  ■      ■          .  .         ■  ■    .  lli.V  .>s 

;,,      ^    t  iiii.|i.      ;,•   v.ir''          Bic.iir.-c   I  it  .     there  are  many  inemlii-rs.  but  •  -.c 

am  not  a  hand,  I  am  not  of  ilic  l)..ay."  body.    \  '.  ;  \ 

that  li.  v.it  .!'    ■  does  not  keep  it  fi  .:n  ..'it  'l..]       !       •■  ■  n  ,  ■  1 

being  a  m.  »  n.  r  of  the  body.     M  n-i^.    I  ■■!'  n  .  m  ■  t  r.  u.ii-, 

not   *"7i.    li.  .11    !••    !.  ■       '■  ■  -  .1  ■        ••  ='  •  !i:--->.  ••  ■ 

iir, -•:  ■■      Simildfly.  if  the  ear,  i:i  ii  i-t-  im^Ih  .it;.  ;i,  I  .■:  ir. i-       ^  l:  ii-. 

„l;„.t   :       .    ••:    II     .1,  should  say,  "  Be-  .-nul  r.!.  k-  •       n  |.t:-;.      The  eye.  .-i;.-  .•• 

cause  1  am  not  an  eye.  1  am  not  of  I'u       -\  ii  ,.i..:<      .n  ■!  n   •     ■  ••t 

the  body,"  that  does  not  keep  it  from  I'l    !■  b.  u  i-i  t,  i  ■  .  v  ; 

being  .1  iii.ii;lnr  of  the  body  (\.r.  i'  >.  '  -  •!■  t-  •  ••>•-••'•■        '  ' 

Wlnili-M-r  th.-i-  imiii!i.r>  111. i\  .<.;\,  •  i'  i.'m:i-t  say.  i.^r  ii;-- .  ....  to  the  liand. 

l).!..iii:  1.1  tin'  I....U,  aii.l  tliiN  an  ni.':  1.  11  "I  don't  need  you,    nor  asain  .,.!■.  the 

«al.|i'  I.I  i^-  i-..iiiii'.-ti  11. \  man  m       '  head.    ;    1  '-'i       '  .■•  ••rn.  .!..  ■:.■    .  i-, 

able  to  h.iiiiiU-  anil  .....  Iml  lir  tu- '1-  a!-..  -  .\  to  the  feet.  "I  don  t  need  you.      1  u 

to  111    ilUc  to  u.ilk  .1--1  to  li-..t     ••or.-.  •  "  •-  ••!  !•  •        •  '••    •■•     •  '•■• 

(liu-iitlv  aii\   .li-.-onl. ::.!.!  u  lb  o.ir  i;i:t-  •••"•!   '  ■        ••        •   )'  ■     ,"      ,'"  '  '"  * 

or  oi'i-  fitiu'tioii  I-  oi':     i  :  1'  ir  ;■.  :•••«■  mi;'.  :■  v\  ■•  .  ■ 

li-nil.'.-.  I.tit  It  I-  ii.-.-<—  ir%      111.  :.  '   r       ili.-  1  "..'.>  •     '•    •  •  •.  /      "  •' 

'1,  .     '      iiimian  !".,;..   ;-        !:,t  i.„  -ii  :.    >..  .  I  r.       '  '       !     ■  •■  '  '  !> 

1.,.,       nib.  r  -1T..I   \       •  .      ■:.i;>r  111  till-        11. 1  :i!fiiil-.  r  1:;.-  .iii--  '  in.-  .'t 

diurdioi  m  tb.  b..,A.  n  ,,  1  :       •!■■    ■  :■  ■  •  -  oun     •!-  ..r\    ;•  ■  .v- .hm ;  ..i-- 

fiinctioti.    ilT    v.-iill        ■              '    ■     '  ■                         '  '    •'>,  '  , 

nr  n-tro-it%.    If  the  body  were  altogether  11. -  :  ■.••    >..  ...      r  i,r  •  •  tb.       ■•  ii 

eye    where  «  u!  !  the  hearing  b  r    If  >  b  r    '      ■          ,  '  ,  ^  '^^  'l"*^" 

altogether    hearing,    where    ,-.    .'1    the  rather  the  secn.mEly   feebler  members 

smelling  b.--  1  m  v    iT'      \  v;l.ii...  at  i'--  of   the  body     v.b.-lur   b.-   m.  m-  miWi 

hi.k-..ii-  l.ii-iiri-  of  a   b.>.lv   uhhli   ua-   all  .i^.m     .1-    tbr    la  .irt    aii.l^  bmu-.    or  tin- 

CM-  or  ,n  1  ir    -bow-  l!o«'  .  .111  -•   I'.rii  i-  .Tcii.-  .ib  ■■!.  •!  to  by  ra  a^xv^o'-a  „,  mt. 

to  tcadi  that  .i./  the  iiuiniK  r-  ar.  ia-ci  --ai>,  it  1-  iiiij.. ---ib!.  to  -ay     are  necessary 


88 


I  CORINTHIANS. 


[Ch.  XII 


haMiiK   wniti  tiiiii.    .iluiiMiant  hiMiour  U> 

iIt.iI  f'.ii  t  \\  liii  I; 

..^  I  ill,  r.  -I1..11M  l.i-  M"  ••i-biMil  III 
tlu*   l".il>,  lli'il   ll"    iiiiml-.i-  -li',til<! 

iiavf  llu'  ~:mM-  ..if  ■  n.    L'l   .iii.'tli.  r 

j«)    And         llu  r  "lu   111.  iiiIm  r  -nit.  r. 
llir  iiu  inlii  r-    •  •tl.  1    u  ill   1!  .   'T  ' 
Ikt  Ik   li'iiLMirol.  all  ili>-  iiuiiil'rt>  r.j.uci- 
with  it  — 


the  body  of  Christ,  and 

nil  mill  r^  111  partii  iil.ir. 

jH  Ami  til  ill  lialli  •><  1  some  in  the 
.luinli.  firxt  a|M.Nii,>.  «.<r..ii(|arily  iiroplicl*. 
iliirtlly  U-aclurs.  after  that  iniracK's  then 
yiils  of  hi-aliii)i:>,  litli»,  go% eminent*,  di- 
vt  r^ities  of  tongues. 


(\ir  .•-•>  What  at)  tii-^iiirali"n  ti>  tin 
weak  111- iiiIh  t  t.i  ii  arii  lh.it  lu-  i>  ti"t  "iily 
toliraliil.  hi'l  '  .  r.v.v.i'.v'  ami  \\hai  a  nhiilM' 
to  the  »ti'  I".;  <!'  he  reiliiiiiU<i  that,  as  111 
the  Im.iIv  in  the  i-hiin-ll.  the  w-.ik'r 
inemh(  r  i-  ii"t  "iiK  not  to  Ih-  deitpiMii.  hut  i-* 

VVorlllV     ..t      -l.r.  ,,,1  ••111..!!     .in.!  l'-''"'^ 

And  the  members  of  the  body  which 
we  fancy  to  be  relatively  less  honorable, 
we  invest  with  more  abundant  honor  I'V 

I      '      'li'-''    and  our  uncomely 
\,i  ■ ,  1!    members    ■     '  1  \  enjoy  !  ,  .  '  'li 
iiiL'.  a  more  abundant  comeliness,  while 
our  comely  members  have  no  need  t  m  r. 

,.,1  ,iH  ill.  ■>    .idi.vtu.  -  di  M  Iil.i; 

ll',    ,.,111,    .  tiMii^  iiiid  I-  .li!l<  ri  ill  |i.'Mil- 

I-    1h         iM  'i   -.ir>.    li -~  li,-n"Kilil>-, 
i;  ',  T,  '\      iiir\ i)..oi  I  i«  well  illiislr.ili  d 
,i,t  ^  i-,,i,.tM »;  {.>7t,()ii,  1   ill  Kev.  xvi.  t?, 
J4-27.    Mi  ii'U    •lu  .iUiiiK.  » very  iiu  tiihiT 
of  til.'  it  iMltiU  .1  iur<'«viry  fiUH- 

limi  iMf.  1  I-  li.'ii"r.iMi-,  ;md  tin-  eiMll  .  t> 
101.  .■Dil  l  V  .mil  n>:/|."/. .!■,■./  mi-noiiui  -; 

for  tlu  '  uhi.!.-  I-    I    ^-     !'  rill!  li.ir 

tnutiv  .-iv.i'.d  h\  <  ■....!  I  hni-.  I  Nay.  but 
God  tempered  the  whole  body  together. 
givinK  to  the  member  that  suffered  lack 
an  honor  that  was  more  abundant  1  m 
li:,  .  K|.:.iii  , .!  Ill  \ .  '    ...!  I.  that  there 

should  be  no  division   i.  /       »   in  the 
body,  but  i  .itlu  r  that  the  members  should 
ei.niiir.i.uiv  ii'ii-..!;."!  ..  ii  -ii  exercise  the 
same  care  over  one  another  1  \  \     1.  -  - ' 
11  .fi/.WAiu   i\rr    J- I   i~.  ni  .1 

;,,  ^  1,.  ilif  ul;..Ie  .  li.  i.t.  r      1  lu-  ( '.Tir 
1!  ,,,    ,     ...  ,  I,     l-\  ,     I"...    Ill',  iir  t" 

.|    ,  M'   ■   .  1   ii;Im   llii  ir  .•.HI. 
I  M     I      .   !!    w  J-   (■  w  n    t  — 
l\   i;if     uliuli  -Ii.'mM  1i;i\c 
I.     I  he  ell.  .  t 
line  a-  wi."'.l 


-  I 


•ll. 


until'  1 
1  T.  .1  i 

Ih-iu  ''iI.  "l  ill.  eliM'.  h  . 
\\  1!'  Ill  ill.  1  luiii  h  v\.i~  llu 
In  |.,,  n  !l:  il  uitl;m  the  l...dy  h:id  ll'e 
,  \,  ,;,  1.-,  .1  li  i'i.t,  .T  the  f.'.'t,  in  nii~- 
t.ik.ll  lii!l!iri!>.  lelll-.il  t..  d..  Its  \s..ik 
/  i,  M,  ;ii''.  .<  ii!ii.>'  iiitnn.itely  am!  e..in 
|,l,ti!y  i,;'t  '  .'  •■"<'  .iM.'C'r.-'  ll'it  :iin  .  x- 
|ieruiu-e  iiiN  im  niln  r  iir'-!  '  ■.i-'  n.K 
and  iiuvaidK  sharei!  1i>  imm  And 
if  one  member  suffers,  all  the  "tli  i 
members  w-.  ni..re  than  -ympathi-'e 

this  Is  the  Kt  ■'■■.r.l  that  transliterates 


•'ic  (ire<  k  W'.rd  ns.-.l  lu  r.-  m  .-irdaxt..  hut 
I  .e  |Mss,ine  helps  us  t,,  leel  U.  .w  t.ir  niir 
\\iiif.ilh\  li.is  ll.iveled  11.1111  11-  .iimill.d 
nu.tnini:.  Ni.«  it  is  hltl.  iiu.re  tli.in  a 
si.rt  .'i  e\terii.il  .1  iMinn-i  r.it  1. m  tli.-  iiu  ,111- 
iiiir  lure  Is  tli.il  tlu  ..tlur  iiuini.er-  lU't 
III.  rely  .ire  s.-m  |,.r,  tun  ;u  e  .illy  suffer 
with  tlu  .iltluled  111.  mil.  r  I  :ns  is  true 
.ri..;ii;li  ..t  llie  pliysu.il  . .rn.im -III  —  a  paill 
in  line  ii.irt  in.i>  ..i  i-<'  the  wlmle  ln>dy  to 
vM  iilie  hilt  h..«  r.ir.  is  sneh  sympathy  in 
li  ini  iii  1.  :i..w -hip  ;  and  |iist  as  rare,  if  not 
11. r.'  r.iri.  is  the  .ither.  where,  if  Ofie 
member  ia  honored,  all  the  other  mem- 
bers n.it  merely  off'-r  coiiKratiilations,  hut 
...  tiiallv  rejoice  with  tiu  recipient  of  the 
■ri.ini.r.'  Tlu-e  s-.-niiiiei'-s  of  symi>athy  'k" 
tw.  eii  the  •iieinliefs  ref.  r.  of  .-i.tir-e.  pri- 
iii.irilv  til  tile  l.ndy;  hnt  I'anl  is  tlnnkinic 
i.f  lliat  .1  .r  li  ■!>,  whose  sehisni-lm  illK 
iiuinlier-    -!  I    -.'    I>!t!e   tindersland  their 

1  11;.  n    Now  YE  tmphatio  are 

the  body  of  Christ  and  members,  each 
with  his  ill.itt.il  part. 

iS.  I  he  sp.rial  parts  allntte.l  to  tlu-  va- 
li.  :;i-  III.  mill  r-  :.ri-  11. 'W  d.-senlnd  ui  i.r.ler 
..1  imp-  I'.in.  i- ;  and  tin-  .ill-.'nu  nt.  iik.- 
.1,.,!  ,,)  r  .  .].'  ...  ..|  the  pl.\  -i.-.i!  h...ly 
,  ,  rr.    i,'^  I    1  ■     '\    .  -I  -I. nil.  .!    I  •"""'■i'  in 

l,...h  ea-.  -  >  And  some  pr..l>..li;>  I'.inl 
vi.-aiit  III  e..nli.iiie  wi'h  iiiiJ  .-,'/u  hnt  he 
,  ii.iii-.^,  s  i!i,  ,-...;-iii.et'-.n      /I'..'.  .<■.'.  etc. 

God  appointed  in  the  church  i.  r  its 
vr  .iit    i\.r    -I   first  apostles,  th.nu;!!  in 
-  .  llu  r  s.-iis, ,  iiulijini;  hy  their  sorrowful 
■-,r-.   ii    s.inu.l   if  Cii'd  hid  ;n>l>ointed 
ii  im  I.I  ll.-  !,i-t  (i\.  •»'..    The  iif'>fll>'s.  here 
..-.  ,1  n.  it    111  lis  i;.  neral  sense  of  env.>ys. 
hnl  in  its  hivdu-t  st-nse,  come  first  .is  "ilie 
Witnesses    of   till'    li\ini;   <."hri-t.    .ind  the 
;f.-iinder-    of   clm'ehes  "    (\Ia--i.-1.  cf._ix. 
j  1^  J  •■       ..me  lit  tin-  ipiaiitu  .it .- 'IIS  of  an 
|..pi.s'       Second,  prophets   i.-t    yer  ini 
I  wliii  pr. ■el.iinu  d  the  truth  in  .111  in-pirin^; 
..;i,!    ( iii'i'i-i.is'u-    way.    in    disiinetion  to 
third,  teachers  «h..  t.  nipi-rately  de-.  i  !  ped 
llu-  ir.|''.  I  111-.,  r  in  a  u  i\   tint  .ipp.  ali  .l  t.> 
ih,     ml.  ''.  I  t     Then    t  -'l.e.\-    a       ru  -  nf 
,,|V.,-i-    ,!e-.-ri!..-.|    .n    ,.1  -I'.iei    t.rii:-.  -ni;- 
.4.-11:11;   that   tl'.  -.-   uii'-   u.re   n-'i    \.-t  -> 
d.tinitely   associated   uiili   particular  per- 


C'H.  XUJ  I  COKINTHl.^NS.  89 


ag  .trf  all  apostles?  art  all  prophet!)?  -p.  •  n  i.uii-iu'*?  iIm  all  inirrpr«-i? 
«r»*   al!    ttacher*?   orr   all   workm   o(      ii    Uni  i.^m-;  .■.irtu-ily  ihr  U-»t  k<<'*' 

miracli-o'  aini  )i't  "lu-w  I  uiit.'  voii  .t  iiiitc  excelU 

JO  Have  all  the  Kif<>*  of  healinR?  (1<>  way. 


sons  a*  the  three  already  mentkmrti.  Mi- 
r.ifitliiu'i  powers,  then,  gifts  of  hmltng 

(plit  ;  ef.  vir.  fji  htlps  "T  a  more  Kt  in  ral 
kin«l  (in  Act^  x  i.  .ts,  the  ciirr»>|Miiuli!iii 
verb  irri\an^»irtt:>at  i>  ummI  of  hfl|>iti«  tin- 
nick,  ami  hrouKlit  into  connictiMii  \\'<\t  tin- 
•vord  of  that  "it      iiicirr  III. -Mil 

Kivc  tli.in  t.i  rii-nvf '■  >,  governments,  -kill 
III  ilirii'liiii:  iir  f-iL  fiiifi  tlir  clini.li,  a  -kill 
wliuh  I  hr  i-r>wt:illi  fil  into  tlii  iillin'  nl, 
villi  r  lii>li"ii.  in-t  .1^  till'  "  111  Ip^ '■  may 
liaw  I"  !i  t!i'  pr't  'tij.i-.  iif  tin-  lUacmi-; 
and  I.I  :  li.  ri .  .1-  ni  ilir  previous  list  (.v«t. 
Ill)  kinds  of  tongues. 

39-313.     i'.inl    .  .  lb  i  '.Ir-  ■    i;;7   tl:.  -f 
ami  tM"'^  .iri'  lUi  i  --.iiv     t       nn  iiilu  r  iIits 
II. il  in.ikr  .1  li".l>    i\.r    l')i.  n.'r  i|..r-  i.  ■ 
t>pr  Ml  -|iii  -li  i;  ni.ikr  .1  iliiinli:  1.. 

till-  ,ip.'-lir-  nil. I  tlu'ir  pi. III'.  >.i  .iN.i  tli.i-i; 
wli.i   ^pt-.ik   wnll  toliKin -..   lunnliir  tliounh 
tlifir  ({itt  may  lie.    The  (ollnwinn  rliftorical 
«juc>tion'.  art',  as  is  natural  oiioiiuli,  not  an 
exact  repftmon  of  the  ki"s  jn-^t  im  iiimiu  iI 
Are  ALL  bpostles?  are  ALL  prophets? 
are  ALL  teachers?  are  ALL  miracle- 
workers?  (or  U»-.  prolialily,  /i.;ti'  all  niii.u- 
ul.'ii^  pnurr-.  ii-.ulinn  tlu-  tnildwinv;  <voi  'o' 
iiacki.  have  ALL  gifts  of  healing?  do 
ALL  speak  with  tongues?  do  ALL  inter- 
pret?   .)//  tlir-r  iM'i^  .ir."  ii.ir--.cr\  ;  >tt  he 
has  jnst  liini.     111  ln>  ti>.\i.  .irr.'iu/.  ric,  that 
they  arc  n.'t  .ill  ol  r./n  (/  iinp.>rti.iu-i-.  Soint' 
ari-  i;rrati  r  t'  .iii  .'li;.         t.:u!::ir4,  f..r  r\ 
aiiipli'.  iiri-.ii.  r  tli  iii  t.iiii;ii.  ^    .  •  I.  \u 
j;    ,   tliir.  1    -    I:.-  .i.!\i-i-  l!u  ni   r..  covet 
-■■  .,'li'\  ,ir..!      n:  iir.:";i-K  i  fr,  s  r  .  the 

GREATER  gifts.    I      t".u-i  that  <—!  li,i- 
.•i--ii.;ii.  .1  r'.'.TN   iii.  iiilirr  In-  pl.ii'i-  with  n 
H.inl  to         lap.ii  ily   t  i  f.  vi  r    iSi   i-  n.  'l 
meant  to  he  a  curb  uptMi  aspiration. 


Til.  tn.i.l.rn  chnrch  must  diiTcr  wi.l.ly 
from  tho  rliiirrli  of  Corinth:  we  have  litllf 
that  corri'sp.iniK  to  Kilt.s  of  henlini!.  and 
tiot!)in«  to  till-  ^ift  of  toiiKUos.  Y<t  tluro 
are  vireat  principles  <loniin.itinK  the  di^- 
Ciis»iiiii  in  this  chapter,  wlio-o  appluahiliiy 
to  the  church  of  Christ  will  ni'v.T  It  e\ 
haiisfed.  The  conception  ..t  tlu'  iliiirili  .1- 
a  iMuly  with  in<-ini«Ts  .ipini  ln-n.u  .i  i<u'\ 
very  rciii.>t.'\  'ii  th...r\.  rni.l  Inri'lv  ,it  a'l 
in  prai-li.'.'.  I.i  lli.-  .a.  i.ii:.'  (  l"-i-n.iii  .li  :r.-li 
Tlu-  liiliir,,,;  -111-.-  ..I  til.-  phr.i--  ihuur 
mi-ii:'-.'  hi-  h',i,,l,,i  11-  ti.  ih.  1'..  '  'h.it 
one  who  bcar>  this  name  ought  l.>  la-  a 


linih  t>f  his  church:  without  the  service 
which  lu-  Is  fiitt-.l  t.>  reiiili-r.  tin-  cl.  ircli  i» 
lili  ompli  ti-  |-MTy  inriiilii  r  miyht  to  prr- 
i-riit  hi-  function-  ..th.  rwi-.  he  ini|ni\ - 
.  i  i'-lu-s  tlu-  hie  .'I  till-  I  Imi.  Il  —  and  liis 
lui  ti.iii    1-    1!.  ti  riiiin. I  >    111-    .-a|..i' it\ 

I  hi-  iilpliy.i!i..n  n  -I-  up.  n  \  111. -n'..  r  . 

r.iui  miul;.  -In  1 1>  -,i\ -,  "  lli..-r  «h  li 
-.-« Ill     r.  I  iIim  Iv     tri  I'        .iri-     ii,-. .  i  .ii 

I  hi-  iiiii;ht  t..  Im  .it  ..i;      ,1  . .  .n-.  .!,iti.  .ii 
.111    in-|iir.il  II  .11    I..   1'..,    .It    -1.  '  ..  r  iji 

1  111-  rluirili  lu  i  .l-  .Hill  .  .m  .1-11  .1  ill-  .  vir\ 
\.irirty.  an. I  i-Mr>   .niiliii  ,  11    ■  '.i 

And  uist  a«  ihi-  iiu-'ik.ii  ."in.ihlv  ..i 
th..-r  who  :ir.'  I.  --  .,  iin,  •■■  ili. 

ilninli,  -till  iii.irr  '  pri.K  nl  '  ,..-i-  wli.i 
.in-  inori-  en;.. I  .  ni  '-t  l  it  il  i  '  ;>)ii 
(  M-r.  _'5  t  111  it  cm  Ik-  iiitroiliin 'I  ritu  .my 
church  IS  cri.i'i-.l  l.y  the  spin!  which  s.i>-., 

■  1  li;n  (■  no  lu  cd  of  thee."  To  Ih-khi  W  illi, 
tli.it  is  not  true.  Each  lu-eds  every  other, 
and  "the  weak  are  m-ccs.ary."  Mitt,  apart 
from  that,  the  rtally  Christian  i|.u--ti.in  is 
II. it  wli.  thi-r  1  h.ive  tiecd  nf  otlu  rv,  Imt 
wlu  lh.  r  ill.  y  h.iM-  11. -1  .1  .  I  iiii-  I  h.-  yif's 
.It  tin  ir.ir,!  .mil  -|>;!i!  at.-  i;is-n.  ii.'t  t.i 
1„-  siltishl>  h.  .  i!-:-!.  li-i-  '  .  h.  !-i  .1  >  ■  Ihr 
./(/mJII/i/^-.-   I,     .'        I  '/111,.'.  ~i        I  111  Il- 

ls r.>.iin  ami  ti.  .  ■!  111  l!;i  i  hiirili  lur  llu- 
licst  that  Wi-  li.i\i-  iiild  kn.iw  .iii'l  .-in  .in 
liiit  peiutra'iiig  the  van.  us  utiMtu  -  uf 
all  her  suns,  should  be  manifest  their  unity 
of  -pirit. 

It  1-  ii"t  uiiiMiit  mti  ri  -t  th.il  I'.uil  puts 
till-  -pr.lkini.;  with  ti'lli;!!.  -   l.i-t     lu-  .im  -  -.1 

'will-.    .111.1     Ul     lllll-t     -!l|ip.l.i-    th.lt     l|.-  lli.l's 

-11  ilrlilii  r.iti  !\  1  hi-  «.i-  till-  ni..-t  -i  ii- 
-.iti.iii.il  i;ilt  iir.iliil.K  P.-  (  'rinthr.in- 
wiri-  p.irtii'ii'.irly  prmiil  ut  it  111  li.i-  ih.- 
tirst  pl.uc  111  xm  1  1,  and  s, .nu-  oi  tluiii 
ni.iy  liavf  ti.irdly  coii-iden-d  a  |irr-..ii  a 
(  hri-ti.in  who  diil  not  p.i-,-<---  it  -  Itnt  the 
pr.'piT  place  for  it  1  ;if  the  lu.ttom  It 
was  as  a  rule  111.. ri-  exciting  an.l  cuifii-iiiK; 
th.in  edifyitiK.  ;tn.i  it  w.is  a  ■  'ui;  riiiiuve 
from  prophecy  an.l  ti-achiiiK  he  signifi- 
cance of  this  for  the  modern  church  is 
ohvioiis. 


Till'   //VMI.I    1)1    ('''.iMi-   .if    l.i'!,     ( \iii  "). 

This  w.>iii|.  rlrl  iirii  m  pr  u-i  nf  I  've 
ha-  t.  r  it-  hackur.iui'il  tin-  .h-  .r.lir  .■!  the 
1  |irii!ih;aii  i-liiirili  II  w.i-  .1  uilt'  il  ilf-r.  li, 
hut  gilts  without  love  are  iiulliiiij;.  This 


I  COKINTUIAXS.  [*'n.  XIII 


|an.l        Ki  -   1<        ;  iv  A  ih- ••^ii  I  ii..v.'  all 
C  li  \rii:K  1,1.  I  <--'::I'!  r.iii.".o  iii..iiiu..in.,, 

I  ""^  ;,,.„i   |.,;nc   iim;   charity,  it 


l.p  ;  ! 


.i,    il„.    irn'li    tl  .•!    I'.i  -1    -.^i      -  '"'"^ 


):,,„;,■  |. ,  IS-   til,      .  I-.  !•  v-i  „.  •:>.>•  «. 


i  lK  ->  I.'..,  -  ii; -Itinv.  lit, 
,!.  ,-.  'It  --t  .1  .,!  •!  -  ii->- 
I,   v>  lb  n  i;        li'      '1,     i  ii-rr.  as 


\Mti.  th.  "I  ■'■■■■■•■■■>•  •  '■  •'■^  "  J  ,.  ;■  ,-,.,1  ,.,„„i,„, 

,,,■.;.,.,,„,,.,;.-:  i!„  ,  ■  :li  iu  !;,,.!  till-  Lilt  l>int- 


1!      I    ■  K 


:l.  "l;'  ''.  < 

,1  ^  u  :  ;       -   I  ■■  ',  !<•  '111.  \  ,i' 


],,    ,    {<■■  '\  \~\   .    ■    :  :i  "I  li:-  aiuiinuM.  -  i 


Mi.  iS)  lu  .li4  u.  t  i!  lll'^.  It  fi  iniu-li 


,    ...   in-  h.aU.  lU..  a  !  I'i  I    i :  .>'H' .  ^""l  t!.i>' 

,;,  .,.!„.,..  a,,.!  ..,!t  i-U..  a  o.iti.-.-m  ot  .1^  .--uii.,1  nuimv  a 

:    .  ,    ,  .    ,'-,,.;,i        Hu    |.  i.  •    l.  .-l   un!'--  ti='-  t..!i^ar,  ^s,l■.■  ii,;.  ri,r>  Iv.l 

,:;,\,V.  ;„  \,i„i,  an.l  a^Ha.n.-  Iv-  5;-     W  .Ui    iw  n-..l  o.un.^y 

,„:!,    ;.:iN    1.1--;;  u>-  ai.   P>r-  m.       .    I  aiil  i.-    t...  -l 

„,,,,    ,   ,,  ..1,        ■■    I,.  .1.  ,1  .\,-.  iili-n    iMa  u  iK'V  111  l,'\c  I"  1"    111-  "v.ii 

•■  ,1  1,,:  >..•'].    i    2.  3.    And  if  1  have  prophecy,  that 


'"xn.  ill.,  'in '::\vr,:,'':::,:'i.  111';.- 'i"^';:"n.., u:.u-h 

1   -iv.ii..    i.   and  besides  i:..'    (  iin-ti.iii  tniM  \v  .n  -  ■    ' , 

1  i.,,..  1.1-,  .K.i,  >..a ...  c  ,./  -i.>  in  ici.  Ml.  lui.  and  i,  i, 

,  .  ,    .    I  point  out  to  you  a   know  the  mysteries  .  .        '  ' 

way  of  exccedmj;  excellence.     I  li.'  /  . v.   >U,..n.  eveiy  one  of  tncin       ;    '•  ^ 

.    .;„„    lii.    >i.;.M    ii.-.-!N   1-   11.1   I'll..;:.     and  11  I  11..  .  all  ....  .    .  '  \'' '\ 

■   ■  ■■    ■     I  knowledge-  n.  ttul  i-.  I«  - 

,„  u.i-,:  .  -  .'ill.-!  -"..I-'  .-.  I 
J  r.  K  ....  !■  '    :  ..«  ..t  «       :  an  tr  a!!.  I>.;t 

m  u  ,  .  ii  11  •  <    1-        ar.'  to  in-  i  \ 


h,  1,    1.  L,.,!.;.  .1   a-   a    u'-it.    ;....ii.  I 

.     !V-      \:,-      !,,   ■       -ll    •      ,  'i.ll  i.  1. 

;,,,,!  -..!  :■■  ..I  !i        1  ■■-  I'V  ini|.'a-. 


..    ,.,  .         ,    .>    ..•.II,.!  .,|..T,    I    1:..\<-  r.Mt 


■-     ■  -iud  if  I  have  all  the  n..      ■  r  a. 


,1 


«i„  ,     ^,.  ,1       .  ■•,  ,,  I  at  ..ti..     .M.      '  so  as  to  remove  mountanis,  n..t 

,1,  ,    !   *,-.  .    ■  •:.    '.     .  •  I  V    •    .  ■"•  <•"•••  '•■«•  ■ 

,  ,  .  ;     ,     ,  ,      h  I  ^pcaU  :  tin.  otlur  n.r. -ni.  m-'^.'^.-..  ,  =  ;..  raU^ 

With  the  ton^ui...  ot  !,.tn.  yes,  evta  of  ,■■../•■;■■:  V., j-jw A" 

anRcls.  and  have  not  LOVi:,  I  :.m  lu-    _  .     '  ■  ........and  have  not  LOVh 

come   M     i.  :   •  '   1.  ■     a  souna.n-;  1  1  am  nut..,n^  ^  '  V  i     '  , 

brass  or  a  clansmK  cymbal.  ^  i  !  ^  |  ^ , 'i  i' , ^'.-'i'vN  'l.'  h.I^ 

f,'M,;.n  i,M-r  |..^  '  'l^-.i  -i-i'/  ''rV:'!..,'.^':'"  ^  i'  i'-  ul  ,a.,;ia-,-y  all. I  I, nil.  tlai;;  u.r,'  a!-. 

:  •   .'.  .         ■  ,  ,1,  1  ...  ilu-  chi:'.-h  ..f        mh  "lu         .  VI. 

1  .,.^,1  ,  .1..    ..  ii.'i  ^  1:..  -■■  'i:.i^  " 

,.[1 ,1   .    .  -■  1  .  n       ,  .  ■  .■  -  1  ■  u  I  r,-  nil  -  I  . '   1' ' > '  ■ 

11,. I  .    i:.  1   liu'  -p''-.An.,i  if  I  dole  out    i..-^   in   r..—  !-  -r 


1..,, :.  ■  -  i,!-:.i..ii.  ■-,,■.>■  ti:..  i  r. 

I  dole  out    1       ill   i'i"i  -'  1- 
.,       .  I    ^.  1-  ill  1  ,i-,a',->.  a.  a -  •  ■      '  all  my  substance  t..  th.  n.--.... 
I         ,..|  .i,c  -'>... 'i  .1  111.  n.  w        an.i  it  1  ,\-  u  :■•  ti.rtiK-r.  ;••■•>»!••• 
'  , ,.  1    :     :     ■  .  ii.  -iial  S've  up  my 

body  to  be  burned         :  .   ''  ll.li.vv 


aiui  have  not 


I..,;  •!.,;!>    .i'-  '   In    nil         !v  '■>"■  I" 

rV';-".;'Ji  ^  i  .'l';^.'  '' love!  I'im  n.t  a  wmt  benented.    U  li:,t 

r,^,,;,i:,i  i;.,'    -.:.-.,:=..n  tMn;-   j.^.r  1.  v..    L...   i  ..I   t"  t;.un  In  ln^ 

1,~„„    „-    ,h,-    11,         ,    .,.:,.u„:,nt    ...    r.    '1.  1....  1..  ...Mi.K   ^..n  -  .i..'.,i:,.. 

.....      ...  „.  r'.  t,;.)    ].:•:■.     t\r-l       \-'       i:il.  I.  -f.-li       .d( tl.lt  r.  >•       fa-llIHI  M 

'V      |.   ,      ,■   ,1  '    ,.    ,!    .i'.,,     ^..,.,,1    '.,        .. ''rjt'Oi^.a    1    r  1-   J.  tl  xijtTa.u.u.  /,;.if  / 

r\  ,f ,1:',    ;  ...1      v,.t:.nc  --a-  •  '  ,n-  hiu  l....-tmL..  a-  ti..-  .Ul.n.t.  aim 

,;,.-;.„..!ui,,,  u. ............  i---n. :.!.!■.   .  f  ■  M,-,.i.-,-.  i-.i-.r  .,.,.ru.c 

,,.    ■     ,.    -y  ,!.-.-ii--i..ll   •  1    r       --M-    11.    la  •-  .   .     .       •  ■      ,     ■     '     .  ^ 

ch    Ml    Nvhcrc  It  1=  lU't  iia  nil,  ..ltd --lie  i-    .k-ds  aini.lilu,iti..ii,  iiu..;^..  .1  lui^a.  l-^'  de- 


Cu.  Xlll] 


I  C'OHINTHIAXS. 


91 


4    Charity  siitTi  rrth  Intig,  and  is  kind ;  I  \s  In  iIkt  tlirr,-  In-  kiiciwKil^;c,  it  >1m11  van- 
charity  cnvicih  iic'i;  charity  vaiintctli  not  j  i-li  .n\.i> 
itxlf,  i-i  iii't  initTcl  11)1 


w   klii'U    in  "ir. 


1"' 


D.ith  11"! 


nn~.  '  ;nly.    I'ii.  -\  in  p.irl 


Sfiktth  ii'^t  Irt  own.  i>  ii^t  i.imIs  pi 
voki'il.  tlniikiih  It'  I  imI  , 

(■     'sriMK-clIi    II"!     Ill    iniiiuit).    bill  ri 
,    .  -.'A  tlu'  trutli 


ICI      i'.Ml      ulull     til, It     ul'ull  j,.     (lllllil  is 

■  Mil,.  i!:>ii  that  wiiK-h  1-  111  pin  >h,ill 
Imik'  away. 

II    When  I  was  a  chilli.  1  >pak<-  as  a 


-  IW  .iri-tli  all  iliiii--,  I'l  lirvi'lh  all  ctiilil.  1  uiuh  r-lu...l  as  a  >  IrM.  1  t!i" 'li'it  .is 
tli'iik's.    h..pitli    all    things,    iiulunth    all  .  a   cliihl :   hut    wlu  n    I   1..  >miik'  a   ni.ni,  1 


tliiiii;s. 

S  (.  li.iriiv  iu  \rr  faiU-tli :  hut  wlu'tlicr 
tlhir  hi-  pr.'phicif-.  they  -liall  tail: 
whether  //i.-ct-  be  tuiiKUcs,  ihiy  sli.iU  ctasc  ; 


imt  aw.iy  iliiUli-li  thim;- 

Ij  |''or  iii'W  \\i  -.I-  I'li'Miuli  .1  t;l.i-s, 
(i.irkly;  hut  Ihni  l.iif  in  l  i.  r  lunv  I  knHW 
in  part;  hut  tlini  sliall  1  k'l.iw  ivui  as 
alsn  I  .ml  kiiiiwti. 


■  in!  cii'l'ii  nil-     I';'-  iliMhiiiir.il  n.iturf  of 
•.lii^i-      iiliii,'  •   III!-   ihiiii   t"  tlu-  ih>;iiit> 
111.  Ill  wirih  ilu-  alHtiK-f  ut 


frmlril  !'\  TTapeSii'if  TO  jn  \  J,?  Willi^ut 
i  \\!i,rr\iT  uili-  a  in-''i  'i'l'  >.i'"r-li'''  ^ 
lu-  iii.iK. lu-      ib'thim;  ami  u.ini-  U'-tliu:-  .i  pr^-c  p, 

liiil  wh.it  1-  Imvc  -  . .  iiitit  i  liuK  particles,  ami  tlu-  r-  i-tilu'ii  I't 

in   4-7    I'.ml    .litiii.--    l-v.-   hy   sh.iwin^   v  ri-,"""?  in  vcr.  4  aii.l  ol  ^t<i^Ta  m  M-r.  7 
piivit-v.  iv  li"W   it  hili.ivi  .  .lU'l  lu-K.ili\i!y.    .i.lil  ;i  cc-rt.iiii  iiillity. 
how  it  il'"-  lil  t  h.h.ivf.    Nil.:.    \ cly  love  is       8-10.    \  >i-cs  S-l.i  ,K-rriI..-,  111  s.tiul.irly 
slow  to  anger,  lit  iKiti' Mt  tritipi  t  :  pci-itiv.  Iv.    rhvilmiu-.i!   trr-rs.   tin-   al-nliiii;   ii.iluii'  "t 
slu-  is  kind.    Ilu-  ii..;atuf  is  .l.--j!"w.   Love  never  at  any  time  falls,  "  hut 

vrlupi-.l  at  U-iiKth.    Love  is  not  envious  1  ■  ..  r  r.ni.iins  vt,        .t.       ■      11  am!  uii- 
<ir  it-ali>ii.s  of  otlu-r-  wIiom-  K'"-  aro  111.  .1  c  ,  move!.  ahii!;iiu  I  1  i  - 1  lli.o.l  i;  an. !  111 
hril'liaiit :   s!u-h  emy   is   iiiilo\i  Iy.  thniiuh    :!ii>  -In-  olY.-rs  a  .-ti  '  :■      >        '  '   '  ' 
then-  i-  ;iiiol!u-r  >  iivy  ( not  of  pn  -ons,  l,i't  L  .tt-.    -o    otti-n    air,  ,■•!>    .il  ' :  ■!    i  '     ■  ! 
of  tliiuvts  )  \\!iu-h  is  vo-y-m  ii(!a!Mv-  (\ii..;M   |  /  .  / .'.  .  , .  t    uurs.  a'-  '    '■  ■ 
l.o\,-  does  not  play  the  braggart,  is  not  |  .o\\ , ,  v  tii.  s   ni  i\  ' 

puffed  up.  does  not  behave  unseemly,  j  oi  K  ;  ■  ■  r  1  But  w!u-!her  tt-.ere  he 
coniiiiits  no  1,1,  ,,  h  ..t  v.  or.,!  •  I-  prophecies,  they  shall  be  dom-  away:  or 
does  not  -iiri-i,:\  seek  the  things  that  1  tonuucs.  tlu-y  shall  stop:  or  Imnvled^;?. 
are  her  own.  Im!  'ciiM.hr-.  hkc  1'.=  -I  i        1  it  shall  ho  done  away:  for  ■  •   •  1 

,  •,■  I  ill,  ,  ;■  ,  •'    ■-;  ,1,  ,,-jour  knowledi;e  is  but  paitial.  aiul  our 

'    .       \,         ■         •    •       ■    .  -!  ,■  i  prophecy  is  partial     -i:'!::!  , 
does  not  let  herself  be  provoked,    .s'..  !•!;•  :  ■       -     i,    .mill,.!     but  when  the 
,    ,  I  -h    takes  no  account   perfect  is  come,  the  partial  shall  be  done 


of  the  I     '  wrong 

m-,-  ii  ■ '.  >■   -Ml,  m.  lit  -   a;  .■   .  \ 
iiMi'    >!  ill 
in  iniquity  — 


t'; 


t..  tlie 
■  t  the 
t  ;'t;'l.  d. 


"r  pi.  -  lit 
p.lti.t 

I.  mp,  ,1 ,11  s 


h  ..        th.       away.  IV.- 

1-.  illlill.;    of    1  '  r   I  .    '  '  ■  . 

tii.i.i.  she  has  no  joy  i  ■ '■."■■•'i,  \., '  ■•  ,1  ■  ■  ■ 

oi  ui    •        '  :  ,t    (•■■::   ■  :    '    ^.    ■  '  " 

hr  It  -  11. itiir.-.  \.  \r-  h.  r but  she  rejoices  '      !  .     '  ;      "-■  pt  :•  • 
with  the  truth  — truth  in      n.  1  tl.       \    r-  j.  ■•  lu.y    p..!"  .1  a!-!  • 
ti.-iilar    CIir-tMU    tr-»h.    h.  !••    1-  r---::!    I.  |  v  —  (>n'\  x  .!  •!  •  "tsl  '•■  '  > 
Whin  t':--  '.r-U  ts  tr  •.iy\A\.v  I.  <    :■'  •'.   '-^v.nw'.-  ■'.■>■    w  ■•'>',  t.'%. 

'I  :  I       ■  -■      ---^   1"    ■•      'y  I  i-n.-Ai,  -M.-    1  ■  •  1 

v,I,,!   I,.,,.  ,],....  are  sp!.  ti.!-.n>  cm',..,'         ,     II.    12.     I'     1    ■  i  --'r  :, 
si\.,    .  i,h    h.  ■.r-ii'ii'^'    will    an    eji-,!i.iti,    r  fr,-  .  f  th,  .t 
ir.u-r'n    ALL  things  she  beats  I  ra '!  1.  r  I  h .  i  .  n-h.-i-'v  ei  ,' 
,  ,  :  ,-.vi    ill   the   -eii-.-   ..f  t,,!erat.  -.   ALL    -umi. ■  ■  ■ 
things  she  believes,  ALL  things  she  hopes. :  tr  i,-. 
ALL  things  she  endures:  th.  ie  i-  i,  '    r-?  ,  speech  was  a  child  s 

winch    slie    will    Ilol    h.ar.    l.eliex,-.    l|.,p.  .  ,l',    -  ■-■i,  i  ■!  •     '  ■ 

tn.iurc.     Mer  :;le  I-  a    !.  ■■    ;     •  ■    .-  V  ;^'-'  "\ .T  .  f 

tile  iiitlmiue-.  h-i'  ]'\''  ever.tni,-  t-.lmy  re.isonint;  a  chihls;  h  now  that  1 
her  nature  with  .  vervth!'  -  t,.  di- ip- •  -nt  have  hecoire  a  ni.m.  I  ha  .  ■  '  .ne  away 
lur  slie  will  hr-h(\.  ':  •  ■!  h  p.-  tl  ,  I  with  the  thintis  of  the  child,  1  f  rme 
and  endure  the  m..--  h.  .■  i-  t'lt  wh..h  ''.s  are  p.--  n-K  ah  ih  •!  , .  .r,„,->^*„, 
inspires  toleraice,  /ui'/i   tm  man),  /^>^•.  pi  rf. ).         ilu  ciiiircli.  in  ih.  pr. -eiit  :i«.-. 


When  I  was  a  child,  my 

•.  h.-I.  o.-l 


1  COHINTIIIANS. 


LCii.  XIV 


i.i  And 
tin  >f  tlin  c 
chanty. 


siunt'i.il 
jiri .|ilu  . 


iilii.!.  til  l.iiili.  li"lH-,  i-lianly, 


,1  -1" 


lail  tlu  HI 


all  -I  <■!  tlu 


CHAriKR  M. 


.ii:  ■  r    <  Ii.ii  i!>  ,    .mil     iK  ~ii  • 
\:\;\     ta'lii  r    tl'al     \'  nia'. 


1 '  aiL:ur    -pt     - 

(,..,1:  lor  11..  man  na.U  r~taii.lrlli  liim,  how- 
li.  it  m  llu'  ^pnal  Ik-  >|nakilli  tn\ sttrics. 

I'.iit  Ik-  that  iir..i>lu->icth  >l>iakctll 
iintn  iiitii  to  ciiilicalKMi,  and  v'.Nlii>rlati<>n, 
and  OMiifiirt. 


,  ih   n.  .t   rail. .  nu  n,  I'lit  mil') 


i.  in  Its  na^..tlI^.  an.l  It,  uili-  ai.   -a,tal.I>    hav.    n,.  nf.ral   \.,a..-;   tb..!  li..«rwt 

,,,         ..,,,„1„,,.,;'    l.a.   :ii   lla    ai;.-  I.,  o.tii.-.    .|n,nt.    Latii.-.l.  .haialal.a    a    ir.au  may 

,1,,  ,11  :a:..'    a-i.l  la.-   ua\.  aa.l    1...  il    i--..-   Lc-  n..t   ill.-   -al   .-I   In-  a.li..n, 

,1„.  1,,!,,.  .,1  |„i  .  !   1  ui'll..   !.-n  l..r    I..-   i>  a   ni.aal  iwr    j..  ti.ai 

,-vir  lulnnd.     111.  i'     -      v:"  i'  >-.'aiia-t  Ik-    «i;!i..tit  lie  lia>  iiu  part  in  the  i-lcriial 

|u.  ,  II  I!  ):i  11  -  p  a  l  al  -tat.  >.  and    ..rd>  r, 

II,,.    -  .       ,-,         :■      1  -  ■  •  ■      a     (  \.  r.  lul. 
For  NOW  we  see  through  t  -r  /  v 

,n  a  mirror    la.    m.i.ila>-  ninr..r  .-i  lUv     /■r„/'/j.vy  />..''.-/    Hum  .sr.-.//./>i.c  11 
:„ui.i.l-.   uia.h   dal    n.,1    r.-'nt    u.ll     l!.i-  /  .ai..;i..-.v  .  MS .  l-J.^I. 

.1-  .iM-,M.iT..  in  a  riddle,  .  ,  , 

r.,tili,ij  a.n.  wall. .at  >-l..n-  'nic  •lisnisMun  ..t  -piritnal  t-ndownu-iits 
}.,._',„■■ -1,  ,.,ai. ..l  ..utliiK-:  tlu-  pliia-v  1-  wln.  li  «as  inti-rrnpt.-.|.  ..r  rath,  r  ilinmi- 
a'lm..M  c-.rMai!>  -■iL;urM.d  l.v  tlu-  .U-MTip-  ,  iialid.  liy  tlu-  iH-aifiliil  )Mii.-i;yru-  ..n  i..\r. 
"ti.,ii  ,.|  M..  .  /ni  Niiiii  \ii  S  wluri-  tlu-  i  lun-  ri'sniiud.  and  tin  lain  m  .mi.  -'N 
s.  ,„„,,. ^Mit  UM  -  tlu-  -anu  word  ( .\.  K.  V.    that  tlu-  .-ndnvnu  nls  v  ,i  >    m   imp. .nam-.-. 

.l.„k  -p-'alu-.-..  111.-  -M-.inK"  r,-:i,  hv-ro  -I.-m  a- ■!..  >!.  w  nh  -po-ial  n  l.r.-r.o- 
f.M.il  t..  1-   a-  tlu-  o.nt.-Nt  M!«:;.Ms.  m..n-|t..  tlu-  «m-  .  l  pf-plucy  and  -iK-.-ikm:;  NMtli 

,.,utu-nl,irK  tlu-  nin..n..f   1.     la,'  THEN,  '  n  ..i^-.-.  -      llu-  .-hapt.r  i:u.s        a  -Jmip-.- 

ulun  fhri-t  o.nu-.  .mr  face  \m!Mm-  la.rn,  ,1  i:,t..  l  .  a  nitliian  M-rMr>-  ,-l  pal.a-  u.-r- 
dirertlv  to  Ci.d'.-;  face,  an.l  om  k.i..«l.  d^L-  :  -hip,  vxlmli  uas  m  ry  i.iil.  r.  iil  Inmi 
of  lliin  \mI1  W  imnu-.li.ii.  .  ula.li  i-  ,m-|..Mr  oun.  I  lu-  p..mt  iii..-n  uliuli  I  anl 
iiuvsihK-  now  f.ir  now  my  knowledge  is  i -ir.-mnm-ly  m-i-i-  through. .iit  iln-  paia- 
Kn.lnal    (  ^a-' •    ami   partial,  but  then    I    ur.q.li   i-  a-   il>  ijrn,  ral   aim   i-  tlu- 

shall  knowCod  well,  even  as  1  was  also  \  .iiiu  aii.  .„  oi  th.  .  liar.  h.  :i.  x,n  i..u-  p.ii  t- 
well  known  nt  linn,  on  tlu-  cMr  in.in..r..  lam-  \  .ni>'  a.  •  .  .r.hi'-.;  ..-  ih.y  o..mii.ia.-  i-. 
1,K-  dav  o|-  mv  .-..m.-r-iiin  to  Cliri-t  ( .  i,  nut  aim,  IV.pla.y  inan  ih,-  p.-mt  ..I 
\\\^  w.  w.   m  r,-    \,ila,.,l.,-    th.iii    .-luaknik;  with 

13."    Tlu-  diltVi.  iua-   l.,  t\v,.-n   th.-  p.irli.,1    i. .ml^iu a-  it  >  -  .ill i  1  .ali  -  m.  .ta-. 
^  .      .,  ,  III,,  ^.|,,||,,,,-  1„|U,  -nnply  and  tlat 

iir.-illv  with  till-  Pursue  love  — tlu- 


ami  tlu-  i>c  rl\rt  h.;-  Im  n  am-,.ly  ilInM -. .ili  d 
|,\  !>;,.  t'|.j-f,  .  ,.i  th.  tiii'd  .ami  tlu-  iir.Mor. 
t',  !h  ]•  .  -  -  -  toiii;!'.-.    pn.plu  c>, 

,        luit.  as  It  IS.  there  ABIDES-   i  i 

,    . ,  ;i  ;n  t;  ■  -  w  h  -r  <  \  >  r  —  faith, 

hope,  love,  THESE  thri-e  .  i  i  I  h.  -  i  ' 
11. .t  tlu-  oth.  r  li a.  i-  I  :  '  ah.  .-y.  tomziu--.. 
ka.  ul.  .II:.-,   m  y.  ^  I-     i  -ai.l   /i--,"''  ^' 

iii,,i,-  .ipj.i  1  pi  Mil-  to  th---  u-.iM.  hat  ih.ay. 
t,.,.,  -h.,u  ih.-  .ihaUi'L;  d.  :ai>  ol  1..m  : 
l...rh  .1-  !'a--t  in  •■•.il.  and  li.'p.-  a^  .  \- 
pn  l,iii.-\  oi  I.  . --i-.lm 111  i-oiiu-.  But  the 
(greatest  of  these  is  love,  Im-.m-.-  Iom-  i- 
th.  yroniul  aiul  iii-pii  .,1  i-'ti  of  tlu-  i-llu-r 
two,  I.. VI-  /  .-/ir,- .-//i  ami  Ih'prlli  I  vi  r.  71 

.™/  r-r-"--/:      .  ; 
Ih.-   l."..n   .-nfot-.-.-.l   with   -m-h   h.-anly    -.an.t    Marilmil    iiilts   in   onUr  that  yni 
:,n,i   .lo.pu-iu-.-   thronghom    ih.-   ,h.,pl.r    1-  m  in   pi .  l-:  a .     h-,t  ;  .-■  a  ,  t  111..--  ..I  .ill  th,- 
,.,u    vxhuh   tlu-  .Inm-h   ami   th.    a,.hM.I:-..il    -,:ilt     -l     P!--l!a-\        I''-  .'ih'h-'-- 
,u-,-.l  I..  Ik-  .-N.  r  k-arim,K  "  hv  h.-ail  ■     th.it  |  pmplu  . y  at  tlu-  v.-ry  iK-Kiiiinnu  ..1  tlu-  di- 
iiulottm.-nts  ami  -iTvicc  utim>t)ircd  l.y  luvi- |ai»ion.    i-*    stnkniK.    and    MRinhcant  o» 


:, ,-, ,-  .1,  -.-1  ih.  .1  m  v-li  Mil  i  his  Is  not  a 
■  p.ii.iu-  yiu.  lai!  tlu-  spirit  ill  whu-h  all 
tin-  \, in.  Ills  yitl-  of  till-  i-linroh  iiuinln-rs 
,.1,-  t.i  l.<-  i-M-rci-t-d.  riiisiir  11  tar  ni.ire 
i.ini.--t  word  than  siniplv  "  f..lio\v  alt.-r" 
.i  f  I's  vsni,  ()».  'I  Ills  p.irsiiu  of  Iom-  did 
r.it  si||i,  t--,  ,K-  tlu'  iu-.-.  ssi!y  f.ir  tlu-  K'ft-, 
f.ir  I'.iiil  -.i>s  aiiani.  as  lu-  li.id  sai.t  I11-- 
f..r(-  (Ml.  .<!  '  tli.it  tlu--.-  w.  r<-  t.i  I"'  i-'-v- 
.■t..l    -  ill  a  t;.'.-.l  -<  "-.■.  of  .-..iirs,-  :  f..r.  ni 

tl„.  lud  s.  II-.  .  /.  .  .■  ..-  .  -V  II'  I  .  .  .  '  I  Mil 
41-  but  a!  ih.-  -.am-  Imu-  covet  the 
spiritual  (giftsi,  all  th.  i.;iii-  imnii  a.-.l  in 
<-io.  but  more  th.m  .-.n^  .  th.a,  that 
ye  may  prophesy: 


1 

V' 


Cu.  MVJ 


1  (((WIN  rill  AXS. 


93 


4    lie    til  l!                   "1          ""i'"'':'  "  •'>*   n     '.ni"ii.    "I-    I'v   Isii-wUil:^. ,    .t  by 

tuiiKUc  f'l't'<tl,  hmiM  li  ;  l.m  Ik-  that  j.r..plu-  ,.r.  iili-Mny,  ..r  1  •.   .!.  >  i.  m> 

>k-ih  cuuwth  ,1,0  ciutrch.            , '  -  ,\"-«.                I  ; 

:    1    w-.nl.l    tli.it    v.-    all    -l'->ko    with      ..md.  u  ;i,  mi.  r  i.i-r  > -r        ,.    .       |'  '  > 

,\'r  Kr.-a..-r  :s  lu-  sh.it  ,.r.,i,Iu-Mr,l,  than  1;.-        '-  Un..un  una,       (..l-.l  .T  Ikup-I 

lat  s  ,c  .k.tl    wnli  toiiLiul.  cx.q,,  ho  i,i             L-r  i,  .1.,-  nun.,..  >  -^'V' .'T' .U "V  '  ,he 

•  ,rc,.  that  ,ho  church  ,»ay  ncc,%o  c.hl>  -       !.  ul...  ^h.iH  I.rc,...rc  hnn-.l,   ,..  ,ho 


^,  N.nv.  hn-.lir.  M.  it  I  .onu'  'in'"  V  '  "  ^"  !iU-«i-;  .  '■^'■'l"  ''> 
MH-akini;  xmiI.  t..ii^iH-.  what  -ha'.l  I  l.r..|.t    tlu'  t.-MKiu-  ■   ^^   f  I      im.h  r  .|. ....1 

ynii    c.xl-.  p,    I   >hall       A  to  y.m  other   h.,.v  ,1k.I1  n   1  .■  lo^ n  u  lu         M-k.  "- 


l'ai,rs  hi«h  estimate  -.t  ,t  ■  .t  I'f'H'hetic  KiH.     ■  in^  l._  j-k •  ^r,  i:,..t^ 

;;:';,:;t^h;.''unr,,r  '  „:;.  Uery  one  of  you.  w,th  tongues:  but  I 

'!    ",:!,- 'ilJni^iiun,',  ,....,.l-y   u:-h        more  that  you  prophesied 

aM  „-...rc  ,h  ,n  «•  t,--ii.  >.  >  •i-t  h.ro    u,  "kUt  that.    U»  /-.'■••  ""'0 

For  he  that  speaks  ..n.il  i-r. .Imk  yihn..  Besides.  _  he 
with  a  iiRue  does  not  speak  to  men  ,  that  exercises  the  g.ft  of  a  prophet  ,8  a 
-for  nobody  understands   .lit    /i.-.,-.,  i  ;  greater,  h.  -n._..'  -     ''T^'";;  J" 

hitrt-but  to  God:  ,.  ii.  l-.lv  „.»l,  rM.m.I>  ;  than  he  who  speaks  with  tongues,  un- 
h,n    thru  ..l,x-.-lv  lu-  h.i^  nu  IH'Vvvr  .h-  ;  less,  a-  a  in..'l.r...  m  :  i"  v,:!:,  -;i'''.''^" 
iv  ,     .  1  V    1,;   •!.n«u-«a.i...,;  but  inl-a...   he   interpret    m    order   that  the 
;^it  !,-ilv.  an,!  «,.h..iu  the  ,.anuM.a,.nn   church  may  get  ed.,Kat,on     1       .  .  r.  h 


vMin- 


ol  hi^  uiuUT-t.m'   .     .  ,  , 

speaks  mysteries,  \\lii-li  HI. ly.  111.U-..1.  -Ill'  i  M'-i-;t-  ii,,..- 

VuCu.   ;;ra;:^i,;:'n,.;::i:  ."  ;J..n,,,yL,.,,,  ,.f  ...o. 

e.hfy,„«.  he  Who  exercises  the  prophetic  •-  '  -  -T;;.:;,  '  And  now. 

Rift  speaks  to  mer     .u  ■!  tii' •  ,  ...  1         1    i-  ,  1,  ,:, 

arealH..vin,-hh.-v..rO:T     ed.hcat.on:  brethren.    It   1-      '        •    ,  .  ,1    v^.  ..;. 

'  i..  »^      ll.-i.l-  -   ..liti.i  I-mil;  "...  ..l.lu..l:..n  I.,  in-,   i-n,  •  «f:.-_ 

,„,:.  also  exhortation  and  -:!,  ,11:.  ipr.-taifn.  ..r  .!•• 


consolation.  \-.  „.  .ho  ^-.i".'.  ••"'>      >..nr  ,.r. -.„,  d,,,..-..:!..    P-  •!:•>  ;  ''  !;  •;; 


'',"'  .■!?  t''!'"r'.in'.--  arV  -haU-ii'iip.  an'.l  !h.-  come  to  you  speaking  with  toiiRues.  what 

s'„:-,,u.nl  o.nUMr,.-.l.  .uul  thus  tlic  church  good  shall  I  do  you.  unless  I  speak  to 

,  you  either  in  th.-  u  i\    1  a  revelatton  or 

■         1 1,.  )„,..,    i'  lrl       .iir.  iu!  i!..t  of  knowledge  or  of  prophecy  or  of  teach- 

„,  .l.pncia-;    Ih,-  vu^u.~  ini.hb.  cf,  v.r  ing?    A  a  u--:  !  h.  a  .|:. -n.-  .■■■• 
,S  u  1  .  1.  Ih-  th..i,k.  I  ....1  l..r  th.-m  1  .-I.  x.r.  iirani.  at;.m    uhuli    h.-    u.n-,I,l    ...';  ati 
aii.I   ho   h.  ro  cmoodos   that   he  that  f-'t  •'■!:■  t-u::.    -m  . «..  „M... 
speaks  with  a  tongue  edifies  ^  - ti. a  ..t  ,ntr,:..-f,-.al  ,,pp>.  h.  mm....  o,  ,,.^uh:M,  h. 
c..ur-o  ,i.f  cliiittii.  I"  which  hi.  nuu\-  «••"".  ""i-"'  ' 
n„„.!.lh^ih!o-  hilt   himself,   ovm    ,h..u^h  ui-    ..r   pr..ph..>     hnt    n..   t.,...  !.:.> 
thov  niav  not  ho  wh..llv  intolligihlo  P.  him-  w    'hi  h' Ip  a  p.  tp'.  s.-.I  p-  ..!;  .  .1 
self:  (of  he  fooN  that  it  ,s  nn.lor  ,ho  1.1        7-9-    I"    '    -  '  -  "•   ''j^''  >' 
tluonco  of  ,ho  spirit  that  h<-       tn..\o.l  •■  i_. .  -! r  ,1  !■  ■;  ■    '        ,   ii  '.    1  •  :i  .1.0 
utterance.   But   h«  who   czerctses  the  ^  tuiihty      umuurprticd  iuUfc;uo,  a>  .jiily  »o 


94 


I  COKINTHIANS. 


ICu.  XIV 


10  I  111  re  ;in  ,  it  iii.iy  Ik-,  mi  many  kiinN 
oi  III  ihc  and  none  of  tlu'ni 
iS  will;. ■lit  ^innilii-.ilhMi. 

11  I  lu  ritiiri-  It  I  Kimu  nm  tlu-  iiicm- 
illK  ><(  tllO  \i>U'i',   1   !<ll.ill  lie  liiilo  liiiii  tli.il 

siK'akt'tli  a  liarliarian,  and  Ik-  that  !<|K.'akvth 
shall  !>,•  a  liarliarian  unt'i  nio. 

I J  I'.viii  Ml  yv,  fiiraMiiiifli  a^  v  an' 
Zfalmis  (if  s|iiritiial  nitls,  Mfk  ;liai  >r  iii.iy 
fxci'l  til  the  fililyiim  iif  iIk-  cliiirili. 

1,1    W  litTi'fiirf  K-t  liMii  lli.il  ^(uaki  lli  m 
an  u II L- no:,.  II  tmiHiii'  |ii  ay  tliai  lie  may  in 
U-rprit. 

14    I'lir  if  I  iiray  in  an  uiikiU'wn  tuiinuc. 


!  iiiN  ^|lint  prayi  tli,  Init  my  iiiidi  r-!aiuliiig 
I  IS  iminntiiil. 

j     13    \\  lial  is  it  ilun  -    1  uill  pray  with 
|llir  -pint,  and  I  uill  pray  willi  tin-  nmlrr 
j  staiuliiit;  aI>o:  I  will  Miiii  with  tlu'  >pirit, 
i  ami  1  w  ill  sing  with  the  undiTNtanding 
I  aNo. 

I'l    I.Ui-.   whin   thiiii   slialt   bliss  with 
j  tlu-  >|iint,  tiiiw  shall  li    that  <)cctii>ii-tli  the 
riioni  lit  till-  nnli-anu-d  say  .\nu-n  at  thy 
I  (divine  "if- thanks.  sci-niinn  he  understand- 

<  ill  II'  '  \v  li.il  llimi  sayist 

17  r tlioii  verily  kImsI  thanks  will, 
lint  till'  utlii-r  is  nut  t-tlilii-d. 


nnuli  suiiiid  wiiln'iii  -cii-c.  Inanimate 
things  —  pipe  or  harp,  for  example  —  if, 
in  giving  forth  voice  they  yet  give  no 
distinction  to  the  notes,  make  no  clear 
<listitutinii  lutwien  one  note  .nid  another, 
how  shall  the  tune  be  known  that  is  be- 
ing played  on  the  pipe  or  the  harp?  The 
re^nlt  will  lie  lii-u  ilili  riiu-iit  and  e.  •nir-i.  .11 
—  a  tmie  whiJi  1-  im  tniir.  ih  for  fur- 
ther illustration,  |.i  -  fi..iii  •  m  ;  r  ,  t 
p.  u  1-  t..  i!;,ii  I  I  V.  ;'  if  the  voice  that 
the  trumpet  gives  fi  rth  is  not  clear,  who 
will  get  ready  for  battle?  .\. >  ri  .il  -tiir- 
ii!:i-.  11  1  iiiiuritii  il  ai.-|i"ii,  i-aii  i-i  iiu-  ii.nii 
i:m;:Ii  I'li-ilile  -..iiiul-,  Your  Case  is  ex- 
actly  the   same:   if  by   means  of  the 

tongue.  ;■  ..|    -     lid.  you 

j;ive  fi.rth  a  word  wlucii  has  no  clear 
sinniticance,  how  shall  there  be  any 
knowledge  of  what  is  spoken?  for  you 
will  he  III  -'u  c"!i'iili.'ii  oi  p..  pli  sjieaking 
( t.'«."  «  w  t'.i  p  iTtii-  I  «.•/  .'  '  m,  II  I  :  •  r.  J  I . 
I  111  into   I  the  I   air     .n  idle  iiioimh  i  \- 

11.-  '■.  .^lld  ).r.  itltl'  -s  u  :•  '■.[] 

10-12.  I  i.'iii  inplii  .d  i>'.!\iliL;  liji'^i  11:11- 
sii  ,1 !  111-!  r  mil  III  s.  It  p.i  -  -  .  -  1  ■ '  tic  ^.  I  in- 
mc'y  Co!:!ii-id  -■•  iiid-  oi  l.'i,  ::;ii  l.ni- 
Kiiai;i  -  There  are  ever  so  many  kinds 
of    Voices,    i-li-aily    li' re    npial    tii  lail- 

^•i(ii.<.-,s-.  mayhap,  in  the  world:  '.''"i-ai  is 

.•ipp.iri  nlly  pri-terrvd  lo  -, \ii-ii<Tai.  In  e.iii-e  oi 
till  .iiiil.iv;iiit>  lit  the  l.ifi  r  m  tin--  eon- 
11. . ;  'II ;  and  none  i>f      ,  m  is  without 

voice,  I  <•  »!fn:l;.  .i-.-.  I  -r-  -..vi  -  '  .1 
T  :  .,  a  ni.  ..'i  iie,  1  r  1'.  \\  .".\ 
-I'e.ik  .I'  d  :  .  ,il   1;;,  111.    Well,  tlicii.  if  1  do 

not  know  I'n  ■  ,-  (Su-ami  1.  i'  it  1-.  ih.c 
significance  of  the  voice.  I  shall  be  a 
barbarian  to  the  speaker,  while  the 
speaker,  m  hi-  1:1 11.  will  be  a  barbarian. 

Ill  I  1-  rel.iiioii  to  me  if  »""'.  .'!  ' . -,  . 
r.ii'u  r  til. Ill  111  iii  v  M(i/,.,ii(,-i:.M .    Your  case 
is  exactly  the  same  loiru-t        i  .nt  .1 

\  t  T  ij  I-  .111  (ell.  1  o!  \  er  o ;  .  !  '^..'v 
■>  1  u-iriiT)(t,  T  u  i\      -     ,,i       It  y,,, 

nnniti  Ilij;ilily,  yoii    will   he   as  liarhariaii.s 


'Hitliin  the  ehni-eli.  wlun.i-  i'  1-  \.i'ir  d;il\ 
'  lo  idiiiy  II.     Ilureioie.  jince  ye  are  cov- 
1  eters  lei.  M-r.  11  of  spirits,  -.pintii.d  ^:iiis 
ai.d    iorees      perhaps   they  h.id   111. ide  this 
eiaiiii  III  their  letter  —  seek  them  with  a 
view  to  the  edificatton  of  the  church,  in 
order  that  ye  may  abound  m  them.    I  he 
order    Miyi^i-sts    tli.it    this    traiislatinn  is 
j  more  cornet  tli.in  si'i-lc  tliat  _vr  iiuiy  ii'ni'und 
'  l'>    lit,-   i'Jin,itlioit    t't    the   iliuitli,  tluiu>;h 

the  latl'-r  is  not  inip.  issihle. 
I    13,  14.   Therefore,  since  ton-nes,  un- 
iiil.  I  pri  !•  d.  contriluile  iiothmt;  to  ediliea- 
!  iioii.  let  him  that  speaks  with  a  tongue 
pray  that  he  may  interpret  (i'a  henii;  a 
I  li ml  of  purpose  and  purport,  and  c.irry- 
1111;,  III  sueh  a  e.iiil.  \t,  llie  -  nre  aiiihiLiiiity 
.1-  ihe  I'nvjli  h  l'ii.:t>     '>-<\\w  vnpjuw,  th.it 
,  /■   'v   11.  re    m:ist   \,v    ml,  1  ;.ri  t. .!  \  1  ,,y 

t--ii,ju  .V  "  oi'  1:  ,•  li,  M   \ ,  I    .  ,,11.1  1- 
111.  ii  \\    .'in    .'i-.liii.ir.\    pr.i.M  i    lor  the 
I.::!'    ot    iiilerpri  1.1I1..11.    .-so  .\.i..r.|, 
'■I..11-'  .1.  s  .      "ulieMt..re      ht      liini  uii.i 
spi..lolli  with  a  t..n-.;;ie.  in  lii~  pr.i>er  lor. 
lull.  11  pr.'S  iiii;  1.  >|;;\c   til, it   he   iiia\  iiiler- 
Irnt."         d   there  i-  11,.  al.s..'!!te  11'.,,  -^ity 
j  u  ii.v   pr.i\,  r   III   \ ,  r.    i_t   sli,  ,■.;,]   „„  j,,,:. 
!  I'l-i  'y   tile  s  iii-e  lis    ill    N  •  :     I  )  ,  and. 

Ill  the  C'.tU.  v.  th,  more  II,;'  1..!  exp'una- 
tioii  of  the  w.  riN  \\.  iM  he  e..iisid.  r- 

lim   the  ilidefeasiiile    imp.  .rt.iiu-e   of  illlilli- 
jUihle  spi-ieh.  if  the  ehm.  h  is  i.i  h.-  edili.  .1. 
jaii.N  one  who  lias  li.e  ^^ln  of  t..ii.:ii.s.  >h,,i:hl 
hn.iy  for  the  ii  .wi-r  of  interpreting  tluin. 
For  if  I  — wnh  his  tisn;d  tact,  lie  makes 
1'  1   .  .-e  Ills  own  (el.  xi.         :  wmiid 
ii..\.     hieii    less    coiirti..ns    and    skilful  — 

pray  in  an  .-t..'..-.   '.lellmihie  tongue, 

my   spirit    in.h  .  .1    pray;  —  it    is   a  real 
pr.i\er  -  but  my  intelllKcnce  is  unfruit- 
,  ful.  hecanse  It   we. ./A  ii.  ii.-n.L;  for  the  editi- 
:e.it!..ii  of  nihi  l  s     l-er\..r.   if   it   i-   1..  ).,• 
I.r.el'ea'ly  h.elpftil  to  the  chnrcli,  n    -1  h.- 
'h  •!  Iiy         I'le.  •■  .     th.  Il-  tr-s-t  1  e  i„,i,.{ 

i5-«7-   How  then  does  the  case  stand? 


Ch.  XIV] 


T  rORIXTHIAN'S. 


95 


l8  I  tli.iiik  Illy  (ii>( 
tiiiiK'H  -  111' II I-  tlian  yr  .ill: 

Ii»  \\t  111  iIk-  iliiirili 
spi'ak  live  W'TiU  uitii  mv 
that  /'V  i"V  ; 


I,    I    speak  willi 


I    liail    rallii  T 

-  ..  .  uiuli  rNlatnliiiL;, 
iinv;lit  ti'.uli  others  aN'>, 


ihiii  let!  ihir.isaiul  wurcU  m    ui  unkii.'U'n 

ji>  lirrthnn.  I>c  ii"t  ihililri'ii  in  iiiuUt- 
^t.iiiiliiii;  .  hiiuhi-it  it!  iiialuT  he  yc  clllldri'll, 

hilt  ill  ^lIlll^■r^t.llullllv;  '><■  nil  n 


It  stamls  thn- ,  that,  in  piiMi.-  wur-Iiip, 
I'olh  spirit  ami  iiniul.  t\r\  'r  .hhI  iiii.:;i- 
mMU-c.  are  Tinis-.uy  I  will  pray  with 
the  spirit,  but  I  will  pray  with  the  in- 
telligence also;  I  will  sing  praise  i  ^aWdi-, 
nri^iually  nt  tin-  iii»l Mnin  ni.il  ''miliiii- 
liiillt.  tlini  ..1  liie  vMiii;  il-illl  with  the 
spirit,  but  I  will  sing  praise  with  the 
intelligence  also.  App.iri  ntly  /"'.jy.  '  an.l 
/"it;;.v,'  ucic  the  tW'i  ill  n  it 'n>  ii;  wlii.h 
spcakiiif;    with   innuiir^   ihu-i!\    inanili  ^ti  il 

itM'If.      rill-    llM-    lit    llu'    lllIillll^ClK'C    i>  .lll- 

snliltily  iiuunilniit  iipiui  llm^o  who  t.ike 
any  leading;  p.irl  in  piililie  unr^Iiip:  for, 
if  you  —  the  i-tTi'ct  of  ilio  ar;.;iinu-iit  is 
iK-ililllfiud  liy  this  iliriol.  ii<-r>iiiial  ap|u.il 
—  bless  <iii(l.  offer  ymir  pra\iT  or  s  tii:  of 
thank-ni\ iiii:  to  liini.  in  spirit  .n^.  .,:■.] 
withont  tile  aiiplieatioii  oi  \  .,;r  n;-  ; 
Hetice,  tliinl,  .  t  the  man  who  fills  the 
place   of   the   uninitiated    (»  dfairXwun- 

funics  early  ;n  the  ^i  iil'  iii  e,  in  ;ii!\ani'e  of 
iriit).  Hy  (SitairTj?,  struily  a  pruate  pi  r-oii, 
or  a  in. in  wiili  only  !,iy  ;ini|  not  e\pi  rt 
knowliilee.  \M'  iire  alip.innlly  hire  to  nil- 
(ler-I.inil  .1  <  lii  i-lMii  who  I  .i~  no  espi  rii  iiic 
«if  tonc^^i  ~  aii'l  no  ],.i\\rr  t  ■  inleipret  tlu  :n. 
ri'e  uonl  /■.'i,-,  ,•   (  r..!r,js  I  hem  pre>-eil 

'■o  a-  to  -ui;!.', -!  th.ii  ei  rl.im  -i  .i!-  ueie 
ri-ir\eil  for  llu -.e  pi  opU-  in  ihr  ehnr>  h 
.•i--eniMu  s  ;  more  proLahlv  it  i-  Mie  lii.;  :r.i- 
tue.  not  tile  literal  ii-r.  tli.it  i^  here 
ine.int  -  f'-<si!!^'ii.  I  hi-  <.''iwT»)«,  ;i,  a  I'liri-- 
tian.  I       to  he  eon-nli  r,  il,  he  eonu  -  to  lie 

tiiitieil:  hnt  how  is  he  to  say  the  en- 

toinarv  Amen,  wliuh  follows  ;i  p'.i!'!!e 
p'  ^\ .  !■   '  \'i  h    '  iii,  (i,  ef    Kev.  v.    14".  at 

your  giving  of  thanks,  since  he  does 
not  know  what  you  are  saying?    i  ii>  re 

sonietliiiiu  almost  linnioroiisly  lirastie  ;iho:it 
the  i|nestion.  The  .lin.n  ti.is  ni>  nieaniii:;, 
iMiless  thf  prayer  li.-i-  heeii  intel'ii'i ntly  fol- 
loweil :  ;mil  ih.it  m  the  case  :is-inii.  •!  i- 
iniliossihle.  a-  the  pr  iver  u.i-  ilietat' i|  I>y 
spirit  onl>,  vviiiiiiiit  til''    ■  IV.'.    .  i 

iiitelliui  n '1  For,  so  far  as  you  e  nn- 
cemed  (">'■         your  thanks,  ivii.g  is  all 

very  well,  but,  u'un  the  elnueli  II'..--. 
\on  ;ire  not  th.'  ..ii')  pti-ou  t.i  e..n-i.I.  r: 
lluri  1-  the  other  iii.m  .1-  we'!.  :inil  li.  ts 
not  edified.    W  hat  \  .n  .!•■  i-  '.  i^.u',  iki-  h- 

i  ei" !.  .iMlil.  .    i\.n    ...1/,    h:'    i'"t  e.lilyii'.L;. 
;uiii  the  ehiireh  meets  f..r  eilitieation 
18-30.    .\Kain  anti  asain  the  arKunu-nt 


h.  is  s,  i  nil  •!  t..  ti  n.|  tou.ir.'s  .m  .ih-..'  :te 
■  li  pr.  1  i.it >ii  .  t  ill.-  ui  I'  oi  t.  .ni;!i>      hiii  it 

I-  I  oi  -o  I'.eil  !i  I-  th.'  h'le-i  'l.  .mil 
ill  k-  ii.  .l  ;  I  ■  I  thank  God.  I  speak 
with  tongues  more  than  all  of  you;  heie 

ue  i;.  t  .1  ^iJiep-e  ..f  t  pim.Tliil'v  .e-t.ilie 
elen.i  lit  m  tin-  n.itnre  .  t  I'.iiil      But,  i!i..:i':h 

.1     111. Ill     Ill.H      s|„  ,,t^     ,',  .     (,  ,,/     (X  ,1       J  I  111 

t.  .n^e.       .1-  . ,    Hi.  .\ .  .!.   |  li.  \    .11  e   .  .1    11. 1 

II-  .  in  the  church:  '  •  v  I  !.  I 
would  rather  speak  five  words  with  my 
intelligence,  that  I  might  mstruct  others 

also— the  .'//li-r.v  are  ,il\\,..\s  in  I'. nil's 
mind  (ef.  xer  i-i  -than  »en  thousand 
words  in  a  tongue.  Spe.ikmn  m  the 
ehiirell  slioiild  he  i;o\eriud  hy  the  de-iro. 
Hot  to  cre.ite  a  s|.||v,,ii,,|i.  Imt  ;o  tirmliiee 
111  elTeet,  .'111  iitst'Ui  t\r  etTeet  :  r.i:her  a 
-  nti  nee  tli.it  helps,  th.ill  .111  nr.iti.-n  tint 
mere'>  eve-tes,  llii-  e..nti--ion  shows  ns 
the  sp'eiiihd  hal.m.-e  of  l'.,n!.  lie  had  a 
di  i  p'y  ee-i.itie  element  in  I  -  n  .'  re,  ar..! 
ie-i,itie  e\p(  ru  nees  are  .i.  kn-  1,  N  .l_;ei!  in 
-'  (or.  \.  I,?.  Ml.  14;  h  !  lie  w.i,  u,II 
aw. ire  th.i'    'he  ,iefi\e  i-v.'.'-e   ..f  iin.'h 

i.  :rnee  w.i-  t!'.-  !;••.•!, 1  r  ir.in:!.  ..f  the 
spirit,  .in. I  w  ■  ■  t  '  -  'lu il.l,- 
e  lit'  ;'i-:t;..ii-  t..  i.  '-.i.-n  1  !■  t  hrti-ell 
r.  -ol  iti  1\  a._',!!iist  thi  e. inti  nip.  r.iry  t<  nd- 
<  ne;.  to  id.  ntily  'he  -pint  wiiii  1  \ir.i..r- 
din.irx.  the  \i..liiit.  !'•.■  .il.n.  .t  in,d,  .ind 
I  roelainied  til, it  ii-  ii..!.|e-t  in.itn ti -i.il loii 
w.i-  ill  ;he  or.lm.iry  .and  noriii.il  i'\irii-e 
of  inti  nn.^ent  p.  A.  rs-  not  a-  .1  H..ii.!ir- 
working;.  h;it  r.ilher  as  an  ilh  fioie^   '.  i.e 

ef.  I  i.il  V  Jj  I  I  hi'  ("..riPllD.in  p.is-i..ii 
?..r  till'  o-'er*. ill. Ills  111  spill!:. .il  th:iii;s  111- 
uen|'>  ( iir>c.\'.'.oi,  hi  rl.'n  ,11,  ver.  jo  1  l.ut 
I'elih.  r.iti  !\  ehara.  n  n  1-  as  ehiMi-h. 
Brethren,  do  not  show  yourselves  chil- 
dren in  mind,  but  if  >..!i  .ire  to  he 
ehildri-ii.  let  It  h.'  Ill  .iiioil;,  r  sphi-r>-  in 
wickedness  be  is  babie^i;  in  mind,  how- 
ever, show  yourselves  full-grown  lef  ii. 
'.  Ill  I',  h;.  pM  1.  iin,:.  M..-  i!:.-  ,,-•>,■  men 
■ii.  v  el  lini.  .1  I  .  ;i,!.  i;.  in  wor-hip 
!:'i:i:li  h^'hle  ai  d  iineih  I \  "; f,  •  r 
\;i  I'  l  r  a-prel  of  ih.-  ips  •  ti  hri.  'ly 
.'i-iii--id  in  vv.  31-25.  n  in'.  '  .  •• 
. 't  nv;!:.  -  :.i>.|  pi  ■  •]■'■■■  .  v  i;;-  •  • ' 
-t.ii-.l  u  111).  •••»  t!:.  ]  ,'.<•  of  I  in"v, 
w!i.t':!T  .-i-  'rr..!.-.;-',.:!!'- .1  with  il  :  ';..-tilp 
to  It  here  .It;. nil  "n.  -iiperi.  .rity  iif 
prophecy  tn  toiiynes  is  deiiiDMstrated. 


1  COKIXTHIAXS. 


[Cii.  XIV 


ji  In  till-  1,1'.'.  il  i-  w  1  !ili  n.  \\  i.;.  " 
1. 1  .  'Ill  r  ti'ir.:!!.  ■-  .iml  ..lli.  r  li]'-  \m:1  I 
.p.  .,k  rill.  I  ihi".  )ii  ■  '|ilc  ;  .mil  ■  t  .ill 
lli.il  will  liii>   11. .1  I;.  ,11  111.,  -.iitli  llii'  1.1. ril. 

W  I',,  r.  I.  .r.'  !..ii'us  an  t..r  a  sik'n. 
iii.t  t.i  ilu'iii  ll'.,:  !■.  1  .  \ .  .  I'l  t  I"  tlii'tii  tli.it 
ln-Iii\<-  iiMt:  lii'l  pi  ■  .I'll,  -v  iii'.i  ,v.-/;.-///  ti'it 
for  tlutn  that  Ih  Ium  il  I.  hut  li.r  tli.  in 
wliiih  luliiM-. 

.'.t    It    th.rif.  .re   thr    wli.ilf   ilinn  I,  Im' 

Ci.IIU'  I.  .llflll.T  tllti"  "I'r  |il.iiT.  .Itlil  all  -pr.-lk 


iWitll  l..nj;in.-.  .iiul  til.  re  ...iiic  in  !::.'SC 
'/,';  ;/  i;.,'  luili-.iriii  .1.  ..r  iiiihi'lii'ViTs,  will  they 
:ni.i  >,iy  that  >i-  .irc  mad? 

.'4  Milt  It  all  pr.  .plu  -y,  aiul  thiri'  n'tm- 
in  <iiu'  that  hrhcvrth  imt,  or  I'lir  mili'annd, 
111'  is  iM  iiui'il  uf  all.  hi'  is  jiidiiiil  it  all: 
.>5  .Slid  thus  ari'  tlu"  -irnts  oi  his 
111  .irt  in.i.l.'  iii.iiiifr^t ;  and  falling  dmvil 
.•11  Ins  t.irr  lir  will  wi.r-hip  Cn..!.  ami  rc- 
p.  rt  th.it  (i.'d  1-  in  jmi  "f  a  truth. 


21.    In  the  law,  t  .it  i-.  in  i!ii'  '  '''1   i  '  - 
t.,.'  ,  lii   1  I    1  ,  :  II.  ij  1.  it  Stands 

written:  Surely  in  men  of  strange 
tongue  and  in  lips  of  strangers  will  I 
speak  to  this  people,  and  not  even  so 
will  they  give  heed  unto  me,  saith  the 
Lord."  I  i.r  t>  rm  thr  /,/.\',  pritn.irily  tlu' 
IViitaleiti  ll.  i-aiiu'  Pi  hf  apjiln  d  in  ihi- 
wli'ilo  uf  tin-  (llil  TesLiiiu  iit  ;  iii  J.  I  n  \. 
.t4,  it  is  n-id  uf  I's.  ixwi  <>.  In  U.ii.ili 
tln  rc  1-,  i  f  i,iiiir-(',  tin  n  ii  rincc  to  --lu  li 
spcikinij  with  Iiiii'.vii-  .1-  w.as  prai-ti-rd  in 
(.■(.nnth.  Thf  pr..p!..t'>  cimti'iiipuraru - 
^,•.,11111'.:!%  ri  .'rtiil  In-  in-triii-ti. .n,  wliuli 
M.iiii.l  t..  tlu  111  pill  nil':  and  hf  w.itn- 
tlnin  til. It  the  tu  \t  diMiic  nu --a'.,T  \\..n!il 
c..iiir  III  tllini  If. .111  ,\-->n.in  lips — tlu- 
n  .iii|iii  r.  .r-  with  tli.  ir  f..rii'.;ii  -prr  li  w.ml.l 
1h'  lip. '11  ihiiii,  llii.ir.;h  i\iii  -II  tiinlili'  an 
i-xprri.iKi-  w.'iM  11. .t  liiiii'..;  the  fnv..liin- 
Isr.ii  In.  -  !■  >  '    !.  n  t'l  til.  ir  ( i..il. 

22-25.  And  so  tl:  -  tl"  infiTi  ti.-.'  — 
the  tonKiifs  are  for  a  si^n  not  to  those 
who  believe,  but  to  the  unbelievers,  11.  t 
.i|.p.ii.n;  >  .1  -icii  wl.i'  li  v\. .It'll  iiiiliii'r  til.  in 
1,,  npiiit  aiiil  Iir  -.iMil.  hilt  iiiU'  wIiK-li 
wunld  c..ntirin  thrni  -lill  timrf  in  tli<  ir 
iili-tin.iry  it  in.!  ■.•nri-:  f..r  ;v  .'.'1  /.'iry  n  t 
say  th.'.i  y.'K  '    (  vrr.  J.fi,  ,i"-t  .1- 

l-rai-1  ■..■•tiid  ih'l  ■  'I  (Is.  N'^viii.  !_■) 

Tlu'  nt.iti.'ii  h.is  th.  ..I'lii.-  Hilly  uf  il'n-- 
tr.iti..li.  nut  uf  prui.f:  th' rr  i-.  uf  i'..iiim  , 
in  l-,ii.ili,  tlu  f  .<l'lu:  y  "i  th.  (  ■..riin'  ■  11 
Mtn.an.  .11.  'Iuiiliiu"-  ;irr,  tin',  'n  '1  1- 
an  1 .11.11!.  .11-  -u'li  t. .  nn!  ■  1  ■•,  w  !■ ;'. 
prophecy,  on  the  other  hand,  is  not  for 
tlie  unbelievers,  but  for  those  who  be- 
lieve. If  then  the  whole  church  assem- 
bles together,  and  all  talk  MnLl.\ 
(prc-i  )  with  tongues,  and  persons  should 
come  in  l.  th.  mn  mul:  who  are  either 
without  knowledge  lof  Christianity  1  or 
■  unbelieving,  •.•.h.ii  '.m!!  th-.-  tt!....t 

I  .    will  they  not  say  that  you  are  mad? 

If  .In;..;    u  it'i    t..!i'ji:i-    Wiir    the  unly 

pii''!.'    rr'i:;i.  .1!-   I  s.  r.-i-r.   ii.'    .'!il\  w.-n'd 

ll'i  1  .1..11    uf    ..!ll-!.h  r-    1..'  liiM'"--i' 

I, .It    tli.\     wuilM    -iipi...-.-    Ih,il  s  I.i'l 

stnnihkil  iiitu  ,1  Ir.naiu-  a->hiiii    On  the 


other  hand,  if  all  prophesy,  and  _  one 
comes  in  tu  the  nii'ttiiiK,  an  unbeliever 
i-Mii  or  one  dimply  without  knowledge 

I  I  of  Christianity),  tlit-  ctYict  is  tar-rcacli- 
iii)s'.  a  cunvictiun  i>  pruiliu-rd  whiih  tnay 

i  I'lid  in  ciiiiwr-iun :  he  is  convicted  (cf. 
Juhtl  Nvi.        by  all  —  fvcry  fri--h  -piakrr 

i  ili--tri -^I's  his  cuii-i  n  iifi-  ,1111  u.  an.l  di'cpi'ns 

I  his  sl■l)^o  of  Kinlt  -  he  is  sifted  by  all, 
i  vcry  tu  %v  speech  hniiK^  hnn  ln  f..rr  .111 
iniur  tnlinna'  the  secrets  of  his  heart 
grow  manifest,  ,1-  tiir  -r.ii.  li  'ii;!it  is 
!;,i.li..l  lip.  11  thrill  hy  tin-  ilmmlv  illiinn- 
r.,ii.!  -p.  .iKiT- :  and  so,  I'li.lrr  thr  um  r- 

W  !l.  'lllilli;  llllpr.'- -1.  .11  i.l  ti:.  pr.  -rllir  uf 
(1..1I  pr.  ..liKi  il  ]iv  till -I-  in-pirr.l  .nnl  srairli- 
iiii;  -p.  .  i  ll. he,  i  \.ti  tli..i!>'h  .111  lu,*',  - 
,.,  ,  .  )•  ll.  l..ir.  will  hniiilih  fall  upon  his 
face  III  'rati-,  and  worship  God,  declar- 
ing, 111  tl,,it  ai'l  ami  aftn  \\  .ir.K  hy  -prrrh, 

that  God  is  among  you  in  reality:  such 

iii:iiri----iuii-  I'an  li.i\c  unly  une  sunrce. 
I  In-  ill -cripli.  Ill  uf  the  i  tu-ct  of  prui>lii  cy 
1-  nut  -triotly  c>in-i-tiiit  with  viT.  wIkto 
it  is  a  si',aii  tu  thi-  l)t.-lii  \  ini; :  it  Mip|i!i  im'nts 
that  st.itiniint.  hy  in-i-tini'  npuii  it>  puwiT 
nut  only  ti>  edify  the  lulicvini;.  but  to 
-I  .ari  h.  cum  iot,  . 111(1  Convert  the  tiithe- 
In-viT,  lu  ri'  (  niilikf  vi  f.  '  nii  ntium-d  bc- 
fure  tlu'  Wmirrt,  as  it-  ctU'Ct  llliuii  liitn  is 
iiiurf  wuiidcrfnl. 


I  hr-i-  la-t  \rr-i's  t;iM'  a  \  rry  wi  Icotne 
.1. -iTipiiun  uf  till'  naiiirr  uf  pruplu-ry  in 
l!;r  i.irl>  ihiiri-h.  It  il.i-  I'ut  -iiin  to 
li.ivi-    ilnl'i  r.  .1    (•--.■ii!ia!lv    fr.  .111    jir.  .u-liini; 

I  tip.. 11   it--  lir-:'w  1    lr\.  !-.    It   I-  ;i   ni  ,.li-  uf 

i-|n-..-h  CUM  I'll. I  h>  iiitiT:!^.  iii'r,  .an. I  .id- 
iIrr--l1IU  It-i  'f  I.l  hit.  11:^.  'U-.  ;  l.':t  -till 
iii.iir  th.iii  ti.  the  iiiin.l  w.i-  it-  .appr.al  to 

iiiir  run-eiriue.  v  hirh  it  -.  iielu  .1  ,iiiil  cun- 
>i,!,,!  ...  p..vMrliiIK  tli.it  ('....1  Iliiii-.Il  was 
frit  t..  he  In  Ir.p.il  It.     It-  ti  -'ilt  iir  ,it  liM-t 

'it-  .ami  u,i-  till  eutu  i-i-i' 111  uf  niih.  hrvei  s 
anil  the  eiliti.-.iti'Hi  .>f  the  ehr.r.  h  a--i  iiihli-il. 

\  i  i  v  ilitYi  rt  I  t  u.i-  tile  -peakiiic  with 
t.  iiLui.-  Till-  ehapter  put-  it  beyond  all 
pu— ihle  duiiht  that  this  speech  had  HOth- 


Ch.  XIV] 


I  COHINTIIIAXS. 


97 


j()  \\n\\  i>  it  tlu'Tl.  liri'lhrm  -  ulini  \r 
ctmic  inKi'lui'.  <\<''y  c.iu  Ml  h.itli  .1 
jiNultn,  liatli  ;i  lii'i'lniir,  li:ilh  :i  t.'ii,«iu,  fi.itli 
a  ri'\i  l.ili"ii.  Ii.illi  .111  mil  l |>ri  l.itii '11  .ri 
all  tliniL;-  In-      'Ill    ■mil'  nlilvmL;. 

_7  It  ;iiiy  ni.m  -pi  ,ik  in  .m  h.  :>  u 
tiin(,m\  /./  It  I',-  liy  tv..-.  ■■r  at  tin    ir.  • 


•  V  liiTii  .  .mil  that  liv  ci>itr»i';  ami  let  one 

ml'  r|'i.  ■ 

.'.S    1;  :•  ii    ih. n-   lii    11"   mirr]'!'  !•  r,   Ii  r 

'nil  K' r;i  -■liii'  i-  m  llu-  ilmti!i.  .iii'l  I<1 
liiiii  -1"  ik  I"  l;im^<  It.  .iinl  '■ '  ( I' "I 

_•' )    1  .  !  'Ik-  jii .  .]i!ii'!n  -1"  ,ik  •  .r  tliri  1-, 

\  ■  ■■■!  •'k:. 


illy  wlialtvrr  in  ilu  witli  J.irii^n  kmmi.iv:'  '- 
It   i-  ii'Hi/'diic/  ti'  f.'riii'ii  >iimll   (\\.  In. 

II)     111     Its     IMllIltlllmlluhly     tn     tll'i-l-  wll'l 

h.iM  11"  mi.iii>  "I  ml<r|irilmu  i!  it  mii-t 
tliin  l.'ic  h.iM  I"  .11  .1  ilill.  iriit  lk;i!iu  It 
jiri'ihurd  tin-  -.imr  kmc]  I'l  .tii.t  .i-  .i 
timr  itlO"luri-iitly  l'ki\t'l  ;;|"  ii  n  >:.m1 
iii-i  nmii-iit  it  u.i-  i!"i->.  I'M.  I"!'  til.  I'll 
mm. til 'I.  -i  n-i  K--.  .mil  ili'  -r  uli"  -p"kr  ii 
\\"ii|i|  ~'  I  ill  I"  .111  "iM-i'liT  I"  lif  111  li.r.  11'l; 
likr  m.iiluun.  Wli.tt  .1  I'liri'iiis  liL:lit  the 
|ia--.i'_;i  llir.iu-  upon  .iiuinit  lliii-ti.in 
\M'r-,iiji'  II;.-  prnimiu  iii'i-  -.^U'li  I"  ilu' 
(li-i  ii--i"n  "I  imi'^'ii  '  -'i"«-  tli.it  till-  p!u  - 
ii"miii"n  u.is  l.\  11"  iiu  .Ills  mtr<  c|iii-nt  ;  ami 
It  w.i--  .1  -iimiil.ir  I'lia  uK  iii  c  that  s,>  ^aiiL' 
;i  tlimki-r  a^  I'.mi  apln.U'il  I"  ilircit  tlu' 
I'Miliiraiit  i-m"ti"ii  ami  attiuty  "I  tin.- 
church  into  iiinr'.-  jirolitalilf  iliaiiiR'U. 


iHiii  lt.'iis  fur  Ilu-  (  ')/(.'ii(-f  i<r  I'lil'iii 

//       j/ll/'    (  M\     -'I'  ,V<>- 

Thr  pcm  r:il  prmciplr  h.i-  ah  '  .niy  In-i-ii 
'tl^'Ji-sti-il  tii.it  ,-.,",7i.  ,;/.', 'H  is  Ill'  tlu'  on 
ti  ll'  11  .1  tlu-  \  iliu-  "I  spirit','. I'l  ).;itts,  .iml 
tk.  -■•liti  im  (111!  "I  tlu-ir  i-M-ia-isc  m  tin- 
i-lmi\  li  .i--<:nli!\  I  In-  prnu-ipU-  is  now 
apiilu  il  iiion  partu'ul.irl> .  ainl  taki-s  thi- 
t".  -ri'i  .  -1  -]"  i-;!!'-  '11  •  "I  t"  1-  -n 

26.  How  does  the  case  stand,  then, 
brethren?  i.i  \  is'  Every  time  ye  as- 
semble 1  pri  -  ,  ikltiii  iit  ii.'iii  u'i>\»v.  ,1'  1  . 
in  viT  J!  1  i\tr>  miiiil'ii"  ha-  a  il'-tin  ! 
i-i 'iitnl'  I !"ii   t"  m.iki'    each  one  has  a 

psalm,  pi  ili.ip-  t'r.'m  thr  I  ikl  I '--tairrrit 
(  intt'r|iii-ti '1  "t  ."iir-r  m  tin  <  lir',s'i,,ii 
Sfiisi-l,  iir  iiist  .IS  pi'i  .|'.ili!\  .1  liMiiii  I'l'iii 
JiosimI  iiiiiItT  tlu-  111  u  iiispirati  'ii  rri  attd 
by  Cliristi.-inity.  siuh  ,is  thi.-,-  111  l.ukf  1. 
ii.  anil  M-attiTfij  ilirnifjlimit  ki'xtlatinn 
I'raisf  "with  ti'n).itiis "  d-i  mt  151  is  nut 
luTc  oiinli-niiilalt  il,  as  tin-  tnnisiii  s  arc  nu  n- 
liiiiifil  afk-rw  arils  Anotlur  tii.in  has  a 
teaching,  instriiclinn.  Inil  Iianlly  yi-t  i/.i.s- 
mi;//i-  toailiiiin  ( \cr  'ii  ;  .innthcr  has  a  rev- 
elation, .1  iliviiK  I          M'l'.itii.ii.  wliith  III' 

Will  s,-t  fmtii  jiriiphi  tuMM\  (vi-r.  M;  an- 
ntliiT  has  a  tongue,  ntVi  rs  pr.m  r  "r  |ir,ii-i- 
i-i-statuallv .  ani'tlur  has  interpretation  i.  i 
xii.   S-ii(,  ).  ami   sn  ,(/i/y  tin. 

church  hy  explaining  these  >transt'  iiitcr- 


.iiu'i"i  I  lir  rniph.iMr  ri  |i.  till,  n  "t  tin- 
•  \  »i  si'.j  1.'.  ;  \  I  !  \  r !  ;i  - 1  r.i'  I  -  till  11  n  li  \  |.  Im,iI-|> 
III   till  .  ..  ■/    11:1::    li.i-    -"Mil  ihiiii;  ti> 

, . '1111  iliiiii  .  .mil   liii    .[--.iiil'li'l  ilmuh  li.is 
.il  lu  r  ill  p"-. 11  .1  '.^ri  .ii   \.i;i''>  "t  spiritual 
uill-       I  111-  ipii -ti"ii   ii.'Ii:!      >    .i!'-'  k'.w 
I  .11  1-        \   ■  ■  111-  nil;!  '  '1.  .iii'l  '11  u  il  l'     ;-"  ' 
'  I  i-,      ,1:  -  ,M  1      1-     Llmiim.ii'!!;^      Let  all 
things  b."  carried  on  with  a  view  to 
editication.     I  In-    j'l  iu  ipli     .iit'-nl-  t!:r 
pf.ii  IiimI  si.!iiii"ii  '  i  ,'il  iIu   pi..|'!i  m-  ill  it 
iii.iy    ,iiisi      1;    «i!l    ili-iulr,    li'f  i-\.tmpK', 
J  ill, It  .111  iiller.iiu-i'  vMili  liiuciu-s,  tnr  «liu-h 
i  tluri-  is  till  iiitcrpf'i  t.  will  til-  rriirfs-i'il ; 
11   will  iK'uli-  li"\\   iii.iny    Jiriipluts  slmiilil 
lie  iillinM  iI  111  spi  .ik  ,it  iim-  s, TMi  i' :  It  «ill 
iiiipi'si-  sil,  ii'T  tip.iii  .1  s|„  akt  r.  «lu  n  a  lu'w 
riM-litu ill  li.is  lii-iii  iii.kU-  tu  Miiiif  iillter 
I  iiu  nilii  r 

I     27-29-     I  111-  |irun-ipli-  nl  I'llitir.il  ii  "■  is  ap- 

pluil  111  ill  t.iil     l-'irst.  Il'  1  •    ■ '  '111  r, 

lull    111    imiiii  ijiatc   iiitrri  ■!         •'      t  1-1.1,- 
ih'.ii:-.  •-  ii  -t.itu-  nttiT.i!u:i- ;  in  the  case  of 
\  speaking  with  tongues,  let  it  be  to  the 
I  number  of  two,  or  at  most  three  -  at 
jiiiir   iiuttiiu;.  lit  iiiitr-i- -  and  by  turn, 
j  ii"t  .all  .It  "111-  tmii  .  .1-  ui-  r  I.  ri  .i-niiahly 
int'i  r  ti'iiii  till-  mrm.  I'.'ii  'kr  t  "i  iiithi.ins 
li.ul  "i-,asi.  .11,1!!  \ ,  It  11.  t    ; ! -,  i|  11  II' !y.  iloiif; 
.iiii'tli.  r   i;'Miip-i    mi.'   ilu    I'lmnitii'ins  11,1- 
tiii.-    '  1    |!;i  ;i-    U"i  -hip.    .Hul    tl  '     lu-i-il  fur 
1'       •.:u]'^  It     And,  .1-  ii.li  ipii  l.i'ii'ii  is  in- 
.;  ■  -  ■--        t  .r  I  .ittii- 1';  11.  let  one.  l-nt  nut 
1    !     I  ■     ,  interpret:  should  there  be 
no   interpreter,  however,   iitlur    111  the 
pi  rs"ii  (ii  iIk-  spi       t  !i";     Ii  iwr.  st  or 
I'l'  .iii_\   utlu  r.  let   him   w;  '   -pi  .iks  with 
i"ii^".i  s   keep   silence    1  pn  s  ,    in  ithe) 
church  ( !  (■.  tlu-  .1-  .  !!ilil>.  II'. t  thr  liiiild- 
,  inv;  1,  and,  as  lu-  (■.iiiiu't   -pr.ik  iilifymitly 
|/'i  III, 'I  ivi-r.  .•).  let  him  speak  to  him- 
;  self  and   to   God.     1  hat    u'll  (iractically 
iiU'.in   lit  Ih'mr  or   in   f'r}:  .ilr .    for  ^a^«^l» 
Irmilil  liarilly  lie  iisiij  nt  in.imlililf  spi-t-ch 
itii  liiiiist  It  in  the  piihlie  as-rm!il>      I  lu  re 
is  nil  ri  al  iilare  fur  iininti  llii;ihlc  sp,.i  eli  in 
the  eliureli    In  the  case  of  prophets  who, 
I  III  spit,   ,if  tiu   ir.  in.     i.;;  ,-;;.,;  kj:!"-  ri  pri - 
!  s(-|i|(-(I  in  the  ilmiih   iwr    j'li  ili\ii|i-  ilio 
uiti-ri-st.    tilt  "ilitliuiit    tills    (Iisi-ussimi.  with 

thr  ..■  t.itii-  speaker-,  let  two  or  three 
I  speak  111  tin-  euiirsf  of  a  siTviee.  and  let 
the  others,  who  huvf  the  Kitt  ot  Uis- 


1  COUlNTillANS. 


[Ch.  XIV 


JO  If  any  thing  Ik-  r<'veali-<l  to  .iimtlu  r 
that  sitt.ili        lit  tlu-  first  hold  his  ik;iic. 

l-'nr  yi-  may  all  prophrsy  ntic  hy  oik-, 
that  all  may  karii,  atu!  all  may  be  com- 

fMrt.-,l. 

.Niiij  ilic  ^|iirii>.  of  tho  prophffs 
-111  in  t  t.i  ilic  pruphrts. 

.\.\     \  "T   (iiiij    is   nut    ///,•  1,1 

fiiMoii,  lull  of  pcaof,  as  ill  all  iliunlu 
the  saints. 


are 


.14  I.i't  yiiiir  wnnun  ki'ip  siliiui-  in  tho 
(■liuri-lii>;  liir  it  not  luriiiittnl  unio  tluiii 
to  speak;  hut  tluy  ,ir,'  ,  ,'(iiiji,uii/,  i/  tu  bo 
uikUt  olKMlioncc.  as  aNu  >aitli  the  I.ivv. 

.55    And  if  tln-y  will  learn  any  thiiiK. 
thrill  ask  flii'ir  husbands  at  hom«' :  fur  it  is 
a  -lianir  fur  woman  to  speak  in  tho  ohiirdi. 

.10  What!  canio  the  wurd  of  ('„h\  out 
from  your  or  camo  it  unto  you  only? 


if 

•  :5 


Is 


1 


('riiiiinatiiiK  tin-  ••pjrits  (ver  ini  discrim- 
inate, aiul  diiide  whclhtT  tlif-i'  pruplirlic 
tlttt-raiUTs  really  have  tlii  ir  simrcc  iii  ( iud. 

30-33.  If,  however,  whilt-  a  itroplut  is 
-P'.iKiiil:,  a  revelation  be  made  to  an- 
other who  is  sitting  hy  (tht-  -piaktr 
■-[•"I'N.  1').  |„.,|,!r  Mil.  let  the  first  keep 
silence,  luin-  hi>  >pfii-h  in  .1  rli-r  m 
deffrciu  I  till'    new    r<  \.  l.i!i.in  Tin-, 

sli',«-  lliat  thf  iiHinii-liiiiis  tin.-  I. ml  (l.iwn 
arc  il.i-lu-.  ii.it  nurli.iiiuMl.     llcu  ihr 
i  n.  r   <.|    a   III  u    im  in    tin-  nil. 1\ 

iiiil:1iI  1.1-  iinlH-.it,  ,1.  w,-  arc  nut  tuM  ;  Imt 
11    1-  -lu^iiilii-.in!   'hilt    !hi'  r.   i:is|in  .  .1 

ill. .null  lir  I-  i.in.iiMil  |i.  I.i',  li.i^  Ml  -M.li 
a   i  .i-r   t.i    -I.. p.   .iiiil    r. -niiu'   In-    -r.il  It 
niiL:lit  Ih    iiil;..    ili.it  it  u,.-.  -nnply  iinp..- 
viMr  I.. I-  .111  i.iL;.  r,  iMrn. -1.  iir..i.li.!.  tlin-  t.> 
n-pri--'-  Inni  M  li  .1!  .111  h  ■in.  ni  ■-    .  ■ !,  <     .\.      , ,. 

-  Tail!:  for  vou  have  ALL  the  power 
to  prophesy,  it  y..ii  du  m.  one  by  one 

—  .111(1  if  iliio  Sl  it  r<'-.tr.iii;t  is  cxiTcistil. 
iviii  a-siiniinir  tli.it  tluy  all  puvsc-sid  tin; 
pr..plKtu-  nift  (xyr.  .■.4).  tlu>  uuiild  ihtts 
all  111  CMirsf  uf  liiiii',  h.ivi'  tlie  uppurtinii: v 

—  in  order  that  in  tins  w.iy  ALL  the  iiu  in- 
r-  .  t  •:  .   ,!   -.  li  may  learn,  and  ALL 

be  stimulated.  11        siiili  are  excr- 

'1         .i  '  :Ii.    iiU'iiilurN   will  lie  spiriiiia!lv 
I ::!  ■  ii.  r.  .1     And  tills  si  ll'  rt  |ircssiuii  i>  p,  f 
fi.tl>     p.  i-silil...    1.  T    (thei    spirits  of 
prophets  are  subject  to  (the)  prophets 
ill  \\li..in  ill.  \   r. -III.     ,1  pi. .pin  t  i-  .111  in- 
trlii  ^rnt  p.  1  .!i 
!.<■  .iMr   1.1   111. I 
tint  1h 


.11 


,  I 


l|lItlU'<'. 

i.;ni'  p 
Willi  a 
III  1  .-.  Ill  I 
1.  .1  -lu 


h. 

i  f   In-   I  ni 
t!ir   \u-lnil   lit"  lii- 
I'lil    iiin-t  |iii.iiipll 
.1 .'    !'  I    .nil  I'li.  r    iii-pir.  .1    -p.  ;iki  r 
II.  u    Ilii  --,!.^.-       rill  rr  (i|.l;Iii    p.  lu 


III  lu 
In  .11  lir  Iiip-t 
UIl    f<T\lil  I'l..- 

aiiil  williipuK 


I  il 


'  -1.  .11  .  r  i|i-i  .!••!( T  w  i'hiii  i!ii  i-hnr.  li  . 
i-  <  i. 11    J  I  .111.1  h.  r  111'.'  I  i!iL;!n 

til.'  p.  .1.  r   !  .      r  uf  III-  for 

God  is  a  ( not  of  disorder,  but  of 
peace.  I  In-  m  \i  c  l.nisi-.  as  in  all  the 
churches  of  the  saints,  snnis  lutu  r  Mkm 
as  an  appeiida>;e  to  \er  ( .\.  V.I  thin 
as  intrudiutiun  tu  ver  ,^4.  On  the  latter 
assumption,  the  repetiliun  of  in  Ihr  churchis 
would  lie  r.illier  awkward  ;  a  similar  phrase 
occurs  in  xi.  10  as  the  end  «if  a  paragraph,  j 


.Mid  tile  inipir.iliv.il  <I.iii-e  lia-  111. .le  furee 
as  the  first  elaiise  tli.iii  ii  wi.tiM  li,i\e  as 
-ii'uiid.  The  llle.lliiiiK  will  then  he.  tli.it 
tile  Curiiiihiaiis  are  to  hew.ire  u|  MulatiiiK 
that  divine  order  which  i,  inaiiitaiiied  in 
the  Miller  elitirehes,  UesU-utt  ,ind  Hort, 
In  hr.iekeliiiK'  .M'l.  I'oniiect  this  clause 
Willi  \  er.  _\\. 

34-36.  The  cpiestiun  uf  ehtireh  order  nat- 
urally >lli:i;ests  the  place  of  w.  itiieli  in  the 
<  liitrch.  On  the  principle  uf  the  eipiality  of 
III.-  -.-Nc-  III  Chris'  lii,  jSl.  there  is 

11"  i..!-..n  \\!!\  w. linen  -Ii.iiild  nut  have 
-pn  il'Lil    cml.  ,\\  ilii  lit s    i  ipi.il!y  w 


11. ir.  tliciiiit:i 
le.isuii  wli\ 
liiil    he  ii-ci 
cliMr.-Ii.  Ill;' 

pMilicil  lllll! 

ill.-   n.  \\  p..- 
].niK 


Willi  iiicii  : 
.ill\  C..11-1.I.  i,-.l.  i>  iln  r,-  any 
iii-li  Kills  a-  tlicy  haii  -li..iili'l 
t.ir  tlie  cilili.-.iti..!i  uf  the 
wc  l:.i\.-  ,ilr.  ,i.ly  cii  the 
■'ilii.  -  iiu .  1\ ,  .1  I  \i  I  Id  )  in 
1 1-  .11  -I  .  ni  l  il  il  II-  \\ .  .iiicn.  at 
l.  .i-t  in  ].niK-;ple.  l.\  lln-  11.  v,  i.  li-i.in  .\ 
r.-str.iinl  Ii.h!  i..  lie  iiiip.i-iil  njiun  ili.  ir  1111- 
wuinaiily  use  of  tin-  lil.crty  which  w.is 
their-  and  here  (vv  ,M  ,;/irwc  timl  ili.it 
restraint  cam.  .1  -lill  I'nrtl;.  1  Let  the 
women  keep  silence  in  the  churches,  for 
they  are  not  permitted  to  speak:  a-  the 
inure  eitiutiunal  sex.  they  wuiild  pmli.ilily 
l;aw    I1..11    e-peci.illy   apt    to   "speak  witii 

I  iil:  ic- '    But  let  them  be  in  subjection, 

as  the  law,  that  is.  the  passage  in  tien. 
Ill  15.  says  also.  It  is  nut  easy  tu  recon- 
cile tins  pa-s.iye  with  \i  5.  win  re  w.iiiieil 
ilu  speak  and  pr.'iy,  clcarl\  m  pulilic  ;  anil 
i.n.i  1-  t.  iiipi.-il  Id  ail'.pl  ill.  dr,-i-tic  sufj- 
-'-'!. .11  ili.it   \\     (.4.    p;  .ir.    ,1  later  inter- 


1...I 


nil 

Ilu- 


11   111.  II 


I" 


l/s.V 
It.  r  \ 


I' 


\ ai ir-  : 


a.'c. 
.  'lie 


(11 ;  I    I  ill 


:  1.  'I I 


w  i-l 


I. 


■I    I  11 


I 


P 


\ .  I 


III. 


(  ./ )   tli.\    -.  .111 
I    i  iiii.  11.  Ill     It  til. 
\M'  iii.iy  snppu,,.  with 
cii.    \i.    ilic  pr.iyiiii; 
w  unirii   i-   iiiiu  illinu  i\ 
however  Iieiiii;   iiiicunditi. iii.illy  ih  iii.iii 
hilt  here  the  .-ipuspl,.'^  t,al  i.pniii.ii  .-..nics 
out.   that    wunieii   uiik;lit   tu   he  .illouether 
that  Paul  is  here 


jiuiisset  arjitles. 
t:roiip  they  ap- 
■\   are  iiul  iiec 

\er      .^(1  julllS 

■-  cuiiir.iilic!  xi. 
.-  il.pi-ndeiit  uii 
c-  ar.  iieiiiiiiie. 
111:11111.  lh.it  "  111 
pr.  iplie-vini.;  ul 


I  III.'. 


il) 


that 

silent;"  or  with  Findlav, 


Ch.  XIV] 


I  CORINTHIANS. 


99 


.17  If  any  mail  think  Iniiwtlf  tn  In-  .1  '  j<)  W  tun  ti>ro.  l>rtiliriii,  invi  t  to  iiroph- 
pro|ilut.  iir  ^inritiial,  let  liiiii  aiknow IciIki' ;  >■->.  aii(|  forliiil  not  to  >i>i'ak  wilh  toiiKui->«. 
that  thi'  thiii«>  that  I  writi'  unto  you  art' i    40    \xt  all  things  be  done  decently  and 


thi-  cuinniaiiihiunts  of  the  l.uril, 

.58  liiit  It  any  «nan  be  iKnorant,  let  him 
bi-  iKilDraiit. 


Ill  oriUr. 


"thiiiknii;  I'i  Jiiir,  li-triii  liiii):  aiiil  iiullloritii- 
tr.  t'  d»,\  tii'ii  .1^  a  riili;  tinlit  lor  winnni ,  ' 
it\iiiiiii^  !■«  mil  <ii  thi'  ipu^tMn:  if,  how- 
ever, they  wish  to  LEARN  anything,  thi  > 
arc  n^il  I"  pin  thnr  <|in>liMtis  ;«  f<H'-U,  , 
Imt  at  home;  tliirf  let  them  ask  their 
own  husbands  1  lir  ih,iil>  Murii.Tc 
ihiiiktni;  i>t  in.iii'icl  U'lnn  ii',  .iml  no  oilur 
nun  —  ihcrr.  at  honu-.  for  it  is  a  disgrace 
for  a  woman  to  speak  in  church  a~M  tnl  ly. 

rile  L'oi  jiilh)an-,  \i\  tht-  hi  i  tisc  thev  lia'  i' 
Rivoii  thiir  vviikii,  ari'  ariiiiy  a>.  if,  in 
sonic  scii<c,  tiny  wtrc  a  -iniial  chnrih. 
I'aitl  sharply  <li>aljusi>  thi-iti  of  this  idea, 
if  they  eiiliTtaiiiid  if,  tiy  an  ironical  <|iu's- 
tioii.  It  was  from  yoti,  lurhaps,  was  it, 
that  the  word  of  God.  tlie  truth  of  tlic 
gos|icl,  came  forth,  or  was  it  you  only  to 
whom  it  reached?  Yon  wire  not  thf 
first  to  |}iilih-li  il.  nor  an-  \  r  .n  tlu'  imly 
ones  ti)  tiij^y  it.  Sonii'  h  i,  r  tin-,  (iiu-tic'ii 
t\i hi'-ivily  to  thr  lulia\ionr  of  the 
\\"tiuii.  kill  til  all  till'  iioinis  of  |iul)lu-  wor 
ship  that  have  come  up  for  ilisciissioii. 


Paul's  Claim  of  Insfiration  ( ^iv.  37,  ,iS). 


37,  38.    If  any  one  thinks  li 


1  to 


be  a  propihet,  or 


will,  spiritual 


I  ^1!!-  let  him  take  knowledge  that  what 
I  am  writing  to  you.  ■  n  tlii-.  ~M..n  of 
piiMi.-    w  .  '1  -h:].    .1!!.'    -pi!  :•  ::.,1    ,  '...]■  a  1!m  n!-. 

is  the  commandment  of  the  Lord  Ji  -m, 
llinisilf.  IhiN  i>  a  hold  claim  to  make, 
which  tinil<  itN  hcst  iM->litica;ion  in  tin- 
vanity  of  the  coiiitnamls.  in  the  in^i^ti  lu  c 
upon  cditicatiou  a  crittrioti  of  ilu-  Kii;-, 
ami  upon  love  a*  the  spirit  in  which  tluy 
should  he  exercised.  I'ai'l  i--  ipiitc  pi« 
pared,  however,  to  liml  his  claim  disputed: 
imt  he  will  not  discuss  the  point,  he  simply 
Iea\ev  the  ohiector  to  the  enioynien!  .  f 
Ills  iunor  nice.  But  if  anyone  is  ignorant 
of  llii>,  that  my  in^tructioiis  are  inspired 
by  the  l.ord  llimself,  let  him  remain  in 
his  ignorance  I  pre-  1  To  a-,  i'o««tui  i  iniper  i 
there  is  an  altt  riiaove  re:!dine.  dyfotirat, 
I'.i-  is  '),■(/  iky  (lod:  cf  Mat.  vii,  we. 
I-M,  Ills  l.iti-  will  lie  condemn. ilion  .  Init  the 
Ciller  "1-1. 10, ,11.  iircsiipposiiig  no  ellipse, 
i^  nil.  11.11111,(1.  .ami  makes  a  very  appro- 
priate coiiclii>ion. 


'  .S'MMim.iry  I'f  thr  / 'i.<,  ui.ti.'ri  ( \iv.  ,V). 

I  39,  40.  The  whole  di^cn^sioii  i>  nlmira- 
!  Illy  snniniari/ed  i  wffTf ,  cl.  w.  5S1,  m  die 
I  tuo  coih  luiliiii;  M  r-e-  So  then,  my 
brethren,  covet  prophesying,  for  u  i>  oiu 
i  ol  llic  ure.ii  -p'rilii.il  L'lr^  1  1  1,  \m  (i.  \u  i 
wlu  ie  (>)\iiir»  I,  11,,  ,1 1,  and  speaking 
'with  tongues     d.«  ii.,t  ,  n,-.  lui  it  i, 

in.it  e,!ii>nii;.  kiit     do  not  prevent,  f,'r  it 
I  i-.  ;ilt<  r  .ill.  ,1  -piri'ii.il  i  \,  r,  iM-;  oiiI\.  ,if 
■coni-i.  It  all  111',  1  pT' i,T  Can  In-  l.iim,!,  uill 
such  ,pt  I  ch  li.ue  .1  pl.ice  in  the  church  1  m  i. 
.>^<).   But    let   all    things,  pioplusMu;;, 
tonmu  s,  .ind  .ill  the  other  everci-'  ~  of  \\or- 
-hip  (ver.  .fit  be  carried  on  with  aecmli- 
ness  and  in  order:  there  nni'^'.  he  tio  im- 
proprnty  and  110  eoiiin>iiiii,  *itch  as  where 
j  speakers  >poke  at  the  >.inie  time,  or  tlie 
I  nmnlier  w.is  itnliimted  i  \er.  .7>.  for  the>e 
r,  iider  true  t'lliti,  atioit  impos>ilile  (\er. 

i 

I  liiv  ;incirnt  (l>cn"ion  ,if  puMlc  wor-!np 
i~  most  ins! met i\ r  .iiid  si!i:i;i -i ; \ c     1  lu  re 
was  .'i  splint. iiuily  ak"i!l  llir  ,.irl>  I  lii'-ii.in 
str\ice  which  li.uillv  m.itks  ilu-  u,.rs':ip  of 
to  ij.iy  — ;iii  il.iilli  !i,  .11  ,1   trcline  nusi'alile 
I  to  nu  n  to  w  !i,  1111  (  lit  i-l i.iinl \   111.      •         m - 
I  t' i'e,'l  i'..il  anil  --pi, I'll. il  ri\  • 'Ini  1.  Hi     In  tins 
ieMi'urani    c  iiii     1:1.    when    It    u.is    line, 111 

I  t!',|li  ,1,     I'.r::     .  lu      ;i     11:,  |,,     the  tMU' 

i-pai!  '  i  \\''i-:  ip:  .acl  k,  iii-i-|s  iip,,n  the 
|siipi,iiu'  p,  ,  d  ot  •  1; :',  , ,  1 .  ,11,  ,-.  imnd.  Ill  pull 


lie  wa-l'ip.  .^p  rrn.il  iii  .or  is  not  enoiiuli 
--ik.i'  .ir  "c-  i|i,i\  cr,.i'e  the  iiiipi ,  s~i,  ,!i 
tli.at  till-  chnr.  li  :>  a  lm; lu  r,nt;  ot  ni.idineii' 
i'l.iyi  r.  pr.ii-,-,  pn'aclnni;.  nnisi  !„■  eii'..:ai;,  d 
in  "with  the  imderstandmK  also"  1  li>  re 
imist  be  sccmhutss  and  niilrr,  e\ery  p.art  111 
its  proper  pl.ice,  exery  spe.iker  possissid 
of  the  spirit,  yet  also  ni.ist.r  of  his  iuMi 
spirit,  the  whole  service  perv.ided  by  the 
kr. iilty  .mil  senility  of  (imi  Himself  t\er. 
.5  (1.  And  all  this  w  ill  lu'  s,  ,  Mred.  if  it  be 
r,  iiii  inkererl  th.it  the  true  end  of  the  cbitrcb- 
.assciiikly  is  ,-il:ti,  ,i!i,'it.  'I  his  is  a  i;ri  it  and 
trnitln!  and  I'm;!  r.-pi-aiid!>  in-.i-.!< 

n|ion  it  I  lie  1  kiin  li  tii,  I  's  /  .  /  ,•  l  i,,.;  ii/>, 
.and  .ill  the  <-\erc!sc-s  are  n-,  tnl.  i,nly  in 
proportion  as  tlu  >  ,-,  ml rikiit,-  t,i  that 

'Ike  111", km  ilnnch  s.r\i,-r  i~  nndoiikt- 
jedly  inferior  to  the  ancient  in  atTurding 


lUO 


1  (  UKlNTIIlANS. 


ICii.  XIV 


h  sciilH-  fur  ilii  v.iriims  ^\its  ami  i°:i|iai'i- 
tii-^  III  Its  ini  iiiiii  r.'i,  I  (tuilitliss  iln  rc  arc 
iilliiT  •.|ilurt-.  wlii-rc  iim-t  ol  iIum'  tttit* 
may  lif  i  xt  rii-.icl,  yit  it  i-  t>>  llic  !">>»  uf 
the  cluinh  lliat  Rrcit  (i|iii<priiitiii>-  is 

tn.ulf  Ml  little  of.  !ti  tim  l  (jiMiiitly  re- 
in.irks,  "  I  111-  piiMk-  ,1  I  wa>  at  that 
liiiu-  iiiorv  Irmiltii  il)  iii  in  i.  >  prrMtit  (lay, 
whi-riiii  I'lic  iiulu  I'lu.il.  ivIi.i'iMT  may  he 
the  st.iii'  1(1  hiv  ui  iul.  iMii-i  ii.l  up  the  tune 
Willi  a  'eriiiMii  '  In  il.iy.  every  man 
came  ]ire|iared  willl  u  euiiinbutioii,  psalm. 


teaehitiK.  revelattuti,  or  Mhativer  It  tnight 
tic  (ver.  Hi);  and,  thuiiKli  tlii:<  very  ctr 
eiiiii'-tititce  led  to  conlti^ion.  ati<t  created 
ihe  iieee^«ily  fur  a|i|iuiiiimeMt.'<  whieli 
wuiild  liriiiK  ■■  sei  tnliiK  an<l  urth  r  "  into 
eliiircli  »ur>.liip,  the  -i,ii<  hne^^  whuli  m>\- 
enis  our  wur-hip,  euiiihiiied  willi  other  rea 
<ut|.,  ha>  li.ul  tile  liKlireit.  iIiuiikIi  |ielliap> 

I  liul  illeMt.ilile  (  I'tn't.  nl  -iippl.  -.vinv;  i;i|i- 
the  Illu^t  iliMi-i    ktniU.  «hi<li  u.miM  li.i  . 
heeii  eapalile  ut  euturihiitiiiK  nut  a  little  to 

I  the  cdiiicutiuii  uf  tlic  cliiircli. 


102 


1  COKINTHIAXS. 


[t'H.  XV 


Till-:  UKSL'RRKCTION  (xv). 


1  II AI'TF-R  15.  Iwhi.li  aN<>  \f  have  received,  and  whm-in 

yi'  staiiil 

I  MoHUAKR.  liri  ihrcn,  I  tltrlare  untn  ! '  ity  which  aNo  >c  are  ■*ave<l,  if  >c  kfi-p 
yoit  the  Kt>^t**°l  whiih  I  iireachoil  iintn  >i»ii,  m  iiu  iii-Ty  what  I  priarlu-ii  untn  ymi.  tin 

1  los  ye  have  iK-lieved  lu  vain 


I'hf  (liM'iio^iMii  ..|  i<  >iirri  i  tinii  i»  111  'rr 
«|iK-lriiial  than  ;im>  i.llnr  111  tin  ijn^tlr.  yl 
the  iitltrf.1  111  it  i-  tini  liunreliiMl.  Imt  in 
Irnsi'ly  (irai  tuMl,  anil  I  hi-  i|i'>i'ii'».|iiti  j.  ,],-. 
.siiiiii'il  !•>  iiurl  a  ~|mitif  Mtiiatii'ii  in  the 
('finnlliiaii  limreli.  Soiiif  li.iil  ili'iiitd  tin- 
n-iri  t(  i  lb  in  (  MT  i-i,  wlihh  In  I'.iiil  w.is 
"I  <  .i|  ilir  must  11!. il  .  Iciiu  nl^  I'l  l  lirisliaii 
lu  lu  I     It  tills  iM  ri   l.ikrii        i\.  till  ti-  v\,is 

IlntlllllL:     !<  II     I.. I     ill.     t  I'Mt  ^"ir.'U 

i'l    llil^    111.  .    nill  ,   1.  <  ll.i  i|    l.v    I1..IPV    (nr  llu- 

1  ti  t..  ..■Ill,  I  MI  i.,i  Ihr  ilenial  <il  liu' 
1 1 '111  I ..' I.  ill  ...iilil  ..Ills  <  n.l  III  ,1  jiraiiii  il 
1- I'll  till  .ini-iii    ivi'i,        I  :    III.'    w.nilil  \-r 

T"\-\i,  i|  ..t    11-   11., III.  11.  --  I.   Willi   .1  .1.  .1.1 

rccl.iiii  r.  I  ■  ni|.' I.  Ill  li'iiii  -111  w.iil.l  In 
an  i.lli  .III  .1111  I  \.  1  1;  I  II  I-  jiri ili.iliK' 
lli.it  lliii-i-  uliii  il.  :ii..l  ili.i  I, -nil <-.t  11  111  III' 
tin-  li.i.!>  ili.l  -II  111  till  1111.  I. -t-  .It  .1  s|iii- 
itltal  Mrw  i.i  tin-  u.-rlil;  uli.il  tlu>  iliimil 
Was  liruli.ilijy  ti..t  tlii-  r. ml iiiii.iiin  ni  |ii  1 
M'tiality.  lull  llii-  risiiin  aK.nii  .•/  Ihr  /■  i/v 

fflitll  till  ill-. 1(1  —  llliy  WlTt'  atltllll.llrri.llisls. 
Km  i'aill  tri'ls  that  in  this  ilclilal  nf  tllf 
reMirnilimi,  rvir\!hiiii;  i-  at  -takt — tile 
Iriitli  lit  till-  uii-p,  !.  till'  liiiiiiir  iif  tlie  u\m>-- 
iK  h,  llu-  ri  :ilil.>  I'i  ri  ilriii|iliuii ;  an<l  lie  si  t> 
hiin-ill  with  -iiiirrli  i'ariifstiu->>  !  euniliat 
till-,  (laiiu.  1.  1-  luri-sy  with  arKiiniciit'^  "f 
variiius  kiiuK. 


lilt'  /'..I,  I  A'i'.fKM  .-,  .', ,  I/;   ,)!    ill,-  (,",i,v. 

/>r/,  iiiiii  .'/(■■  Ili.ft.in,iil  I  ,-,i/rii,r  /.'( 

//    (  XV.    I-l  !  ). 

I,  2.  I  '..111  In  -..11-  l>\  1.  iiiiii.liiii;  his 
r..i.li!-  Ill  ill.  ii.itur.  .it  ilii-  u'lsinl  ulii.li 
In-  li.iil  jiii  .n-liiil  .iiiil  till  y  li.i.I  lirluMil.  ,1-  'I 
I'l  tllr  tl'.ll.I.lllli  ir.il  |i:.in  llrlil  HI  tll.il  Ciis 
till  l>\  till  ri -iitii.M.'ti,  Now  iMssiiii; 
(i^M  li.iiii  tin-  i|iii-i  n  111  lit  \\iir-!:i|i  t..  that 
<)t  (Ti-i-(I  I  pr.  I'.iliK  siii;i;i-sli  il  In  I'.nil  li\  the 
Iftti-r  ul  till-  V  111  iiiiliiaiis,  i-|  \  II  I.  \]ii  i_ 
xii.  I.  NVi.  II-  I  rii;iil  that  t  ha\i'  to 
make  known  to  you,  ii^ain.  brethren  (for 
on  this  iiialti-r  yiMi  .ni'^lii  'n  he  |u-rf<-ctly 
well  iiif.>rtniil>.  the  gospel  which  I 
preached  to  you.  IK-  hail  iiroilainnd  it  to 
reeejili\i-  ia|s  aiul  liiarts  It  was  a  Kospel, 
not_  utily  which  lu-  hacl  preaclmi,  htit 
which  you  on  your  part  received,  ami 


n-i-iiM-d  III  S..1111  iiiir|i.isi-.  it  Ii.,,l  inailc 
ihilll  Ml  ...Ifast,  an. I  -l.iiii-.l  tli.iii  ,,n  th. 
«ay  ol  -  iKatiiiti.  I.,  mil;  .1  i;.i-|iil  in  which 
moreover  ye  stand,  through  which  fur- 


    ougl 

ther  ye  arc  being  uvea.    Ihe  ku-ihI 

swept  the  whole  i.-(>nipa.<s  of  llu-ir  past, 
pii  si  tii  ainl  iiiiiire,  iroin  the  day  on  whicli 
tli.y  hail  htluviil  aiiil  reeeivei'l  it  to  the 
'In  nil  whiih  'he  pnu-i-ss  >■(  their  salva- 
ti"ii.  iliiii  h.'Kitn,  would  he  eompletely 
I'  lii  111.  I  his  niispil  v.hieh  had  so  mj;- 
11  .ll\  iTiiMil  Its  pi.ui-r.  I'aiil  tVels  the  need 
i-l  ili  i  lariiit:  '"  '111  t  1 .1  iiitlii.iiis  aw.iiii.  as 
~|'iiii-  i.i  tlu  ii!  1  .ul  i|,  lilii  i.iti  |>  aliaiiil'iiu  d 
IT  ill  iiinl  iiiii-  i  t  ;t-  111,1-1  s  iLil't,  n.  !-  I  he 
iiiraiiinv;  nl   tin-  r<  ill. lining;  ilaii-.  -  nt   \ of. 


,1 


■  I'll.  Ill'  '1il:1i  th, 


111-  111 


I  U.-s 


••■'■  i-  ••("•luh:  III.  lallv.  with  what 
word  I  preached  1  11  1  to  you.  if  ye  hold 
•  fast,  unless  ye  became  believers  i  i  ir  ) 
heedlessly.  .\ii>  ti.ir-l.iiinii  nm-t  In-  m.,,!,. 
.|ilal<-  wliii'h  ni.ik.  .  ih.  111  ■ .  1  1 ,  lij.ii  n  ,  ro-i 
1 1 '  ofiliiiati-  Willi  till-  I, I'll-  |iii  .1  ih'!;^  tila- 
tivi-s;  hill  it  is  tmi  ili-.ir  wlu  ilu  r  ili,  i-laii-o 
;.■/;,;/  imui/  /  /-i ,-,(,/,', ,/  t.>  y-n  k''^-' 
with  /  Midi-  A-iiiTiH  or,  ,is  .\.  v.  ami  .\. 
I\.  V.  take  it,  or  with  if  v.-  Ii.>l,l  i\ist. 
Ill  the  latter  case  the  inversion  ,,f  iiu- 
I'laiisi-s  is  awkward;  though,  it  the  im.r- 
-i"ti  I'l-  al!  vM-i|,  the  viititiritioii  with  the 
I'll  \  1,111-  siiiti-tin-  is  i;i„i,l:  ■■  tlirotii;h  which 
>,  ate  hiiiiK  -  iM  .I.  It  \,  hold  last  w  itli 
ulial  word  I  |,i..,,lii.l  |,,  mh,"  |„ 
Inrtiii  r  case.  "  1  w.tkv  know  n."  .  .  .  "  if 
>e  hiild  ta-t  "  do  n.it  k'o  well  |i iiji-t lu-r : 
raiil's  :iniioiiiici-iiH'iit  of  the  «ospi-|  ,|jd  not 
''i|"iiil  iiiniii  tin-  (.'orinthiatis  hnhliiin  it 
t,i-i.  .\i  \ , nil,  I, -s  tin-  ,1 ,11-1111, -til 111  -i-fins, 
■  •11  llu-  wli'ili,  iintiraliK  tn  tin-  oiIut:  iin- 
•|,  I"  til,  imiiu  iu'i  nt  ill,-  I'.iiir  iiitci  \ ,  n!!ii» 
n  lativr  ,-i.ii;-, -,  ili,  1 1 il  t .  n iiuii  ir\  -,r.,-|)i,ui 
1-  hall  II  iri;.  1!!,  II  ;  .,n,|  ih,  clan-,  1-  pr.,,-- 
Iu-.ill\  ■■  11  p,  r,  liaiH-,  111-  I  h,  ,p,  )  \ ,  ,,| 
arc  hnlihiiv;  it  1,1-1  "  I'li,-  nu-.iniiiij  ,,i  t|..c 
la.st  ci;iiise  (  tor  tlu-  n-iliinilaiu  y  m  «\roi 
Mt,  of.  xiv.  5)  Is  also  ilis|,iit,  li  :  i,ni,-ss 
yc  h,-li,  :  i-il  /</'y  |)in  s  tin-  iiu-an ;  imlrss 
y.'nr  wiis  .-ij/ii  I  siit,i,  ,-iivi' 1  or  milrss 

th,-    tlUHil    Vi'M    hchcXid        ,-,     .■,,,„  i,,!,nn-. 

t-ve1?  L.iter  ( vvr.  141  tlu-  pi is-.l,iljiy  of 
the  Kospt-1  nu-ssane  hcini;  an  ullc  talc  is 
contemplated,  hut  Mieh  a  thonnht  at  this 


Ch.  XV] 


I  l  ORlNTIIIAXa 


.<    I  i>r  t  dcliverrO  titt«o  >'mi  fir»l  i>f  all  5    Ami  that  h«'  »a<  m«  ii  .>f  <,  ,  ilu-ii 

that  Mhtch  I  uIm<  rccdwil.  Iuim  tliut  Cltri*t  <>f  tlu-  iwcl\i': 

tlifil  f.>r  otir  •in*  accor<linK  to  ilit-  Sirip-  »>   Aiur  ili.it.  In-  w.i!i  «in  >•(  ;iIm>vv  »»v* 

tiirc> .  Iittiiilrcil  tiitilircii  .ii  iiikc;  •>(  uliimi  the 

4    And  that  lu'  wa^  Inirii'I.  aii.l  iImi  he  urrati'f  |Mrt  riiii.im  imtu  till*  prr^rtit,  Init 

r»M-  .main  tlu-  tliirti  «lay  accoriliiiK  in  tlu'  -"nn   .lu-  i.illi  11  .i>Imi 

Scripture*:  7    \ti.i   ili.it.  h.    H.l^  -I'l'ii  of  Jatnv*; 

till  11  i  t  .ill  till'  ai'o'tli'. 


'tanc  wi'uM  Ik-  all  aiitictpatii'ii  l  lu'  v:iiM»'l 
iMiut-rftil:  It  ti  the  aili<|U.K'>  i>t  iluir 
faith  ill  it  tliat  In-  ilixilit^.  It  i-aiiiiot  itM-lf 
lie  a  vaiit  ihitiK.  f<>r  in  it  they  --tanil.  ami 
tliroiiKli  It  they  arc  ^aM  il 

3.      I'll  it  VlT-C.  with  MT  4,  <\  pi, iiii->  ) 

till'  ciintiiU"  111  tin-  i;"-|n  l  will,  h  Ii.kI  hrii.rf 

hi-tn  iiiMil.iiiiuil  111  ill.  Ill  VoT  I  delivered 

to  you  .1^  among  thr  most  impiirtant 

things      npuro  f  tir-l.  ■  i  "  '  "  '  '  'ii"«. 

Imt  I'l  iiii{Hii t.iiui'  that  which  also  I 
received.     I  In-  plit  i-i-  i  'ir'M>    r.  r  ilU  \; 

.illil  -lit:-.;!  like  II.  liir  il;l!>  nl  li.iii- 
iiiiMiiii;    wli.i'  iiillilliilti  ij      I  liliki  il, 

thr  -■'lirii-  iif  llli  .ItllliiiiUi  ,it  I.  Ml  1-  H"l 
lIH'llll'.Iu  il.  I  lu-  .ill -I  Ii.  1-  .  ■!  till  Jii  1  ,i~<  •/  ■!)■ 
ih,'  I  '1(1  !i,iM>  .1  ii|uii  111  III  v!||i|i..~i 
lli.it  till-  -t.ili  iiii  UN  uliii'li  iiilliiu  I  .iiiii-  '.I 
r.iill  llimiiuli  iiri|itt:ir>  ur.il  i.  niiiiltinii  .I'li  II 
Iri.iii  tin-  li.iilri^  lit  llu-  i-liiiii-|i:  lull  I'liii 
-i(UTiii(;  till  >  iii;i!i.i>i-  wliii  li  lie  ttiiiiii  ili.ili  1_\ 
l.i>-i  ii|>iiii  riiti-l'-.  aiipi  .iriin;  tn  Iniii  t\<  r. 
Si  it  i»  I)ll^»llI!l■  til, It  -iiMitliiim  111. in-  iiiii 

III, ill-  i>  lu  rv  illlplu-il.       I  III  ;i   l.ill.nr  .  ,1  ~lllll 

!ii,ir>  I 'liri-i  i,-in  cri-i-ij.  im  .ilii,iMc  ,1-  ti-\>.i! 
iiiu  vxli.il.  til  I'  li'l.  I-.  iii-tiiiitt  il  'In-  I'Nv,  1,,  I- 


lit 


Ir 


that  Christ  died. 


II  1  u,i\  |.  ;- 
11:  ,  1  111  1!  1- 

■  I  III.  ,(|lt    ill  : ■ 

■1  -   '  i  111. 

■  :  1 1  • 
i.T  ■  -I  ;:-.| 

l',,-'l  UlMT 

i>  lllr  tlu  II- 
~  t..  wliii-li, 
-:    it    i>  ihi- 

li',n;i.  -1  l'\ 


iv  iiui-  ill, it  i'.iiil  i-  p:  p. Hill 
liiN  -t.iti  nil  111  1 .1  till   1 1  -111  1 .  ,- 
111  .111-  1  111  -I      i-ii.  u  »t  iiim  ,im! 
Ill-    p,i.-.  ~         r    .I'l    till-  .I.'" 
/(■.-,  aiiil  111  l:;!i-  u  itli  nu mi-  1 
for  our  sins.  tli,,i  j,  i  .  ,t  1 
■•  III  i,iIm-  't  1.:;'  i  t  till  \\..r!.: 
n-uaii!    till-  iK.iil    .  i'  ('!ii:-i 
rr-iill    ..f   tin-    I,i-|.  .1  ii-.il  I'm 
liiill!aiil\    -pi  is'iiv;,   11  1 
(-1  iii-!!iiiiii,r  n  111  111  ,.  i:ri-,ii  iln 
ullii-|l  "III-  u.l-  ilrli\il    il   "p   ■    '    ■  If    1  ,> 
t-a.'.s"  (ix.itn.  n.       .  ft"      ('..r    >.    iS  It  1 
-    .1  pmpi.-c  iif  «  lm-|i  .■iiu-irtii  111(11  Imi!  l  .iil 
yliinp-i  -  1  cl.  I  I'l-t.  i.  Ill  .iiiil  u  liirli  till  1 1 
fori  wa-  tiiiiiHii!  according  to  the  Scrip- 
tures.    riRi  larly  i  linn-li  t  Ai'ts  xvii      .  to  ) 

Il  lili  iVX  cil   liU-  pf.ulm-  ill   Jr-lli    I  l.llkr  \M1. 

,?7.  wiv.  4*1  f  I   m  11  iiiiiri-tniK   Hi-  -  itTi  r 
itiRs  with  Olii  Ti'stanu'iit  |iri'iilu-i-y  I'rnli 
alilv  N.iiah  hii  \v:i<  tlu'  p,i--ai;c  wliirh  hnv- 
tTfil   iiiii-t    tr  ii'ii  iitK    1    tnri'   tln'ir  miml- 
(if   l.iiki-  \\  1   .\~  >  :   inil.  vvhatovtT  was  it- 
oriKiiial  applicatmi),  iiothiiiK  was  nmrf  nat- 


I  iir.il  than  that  frnitl  (  hn^liaii-  it  shxiild 
n-ni\t'  a  Mf»»iaiiH"  intcritrrt.itmn 

4.  I  he  t  rifil.  thcit,  is  th.it  (  hti-t  ilit-tl. 
and  that  Ht  vras  buried    tins  tntitli  %* 

|iirli,ip>  ,ii|i|i-i|  til  -iiv;L;r-t  hmv  nally.  if 
iiiil>  trmpi it.it tl> ,  Ml    ,11111-  niiili  r  tlio  pov  • - 

111      till-     k;l.lM  .      I'...:l       •  llu  '-      III-  I..-I 

iiiiipli ml  and  that  lie  has  been  raised 
on  the  third  day.  llu  i.n-r-  m  \,iy 
.III  l-illv  ,  1.  .  11  till-  ill  .itli  ,111.1  ill.  I  iiri.il 
.11  1-  111  ^l.  11.    '-J.   .   1  .1.  .1  1 .  till   I  III  .  '  I  .|  1  III 

I I  -iiri  I  .  '  i.  Ill  I  ,il  -  I  i  iMv;  ill.  11.1  ,'■•''>  II.- 
1-  .1  1  .1.  II  I  'h.     I ;  1  -  11.  .1  -  ,1.1  I  II  ,1  I  I'l  1 .1 

.    lull     ill, It     1  ,        ,,,(.,  .•-  ,,    /        111       |,  .III 

t.  I  1 1.  .11    1-   till-   u.  .1  k    .  .1    (  I.  .il    til     \  .  I      I    1 . 

ill.      iil\  111,-    -  .  ,1;     lip.   :l     ll:.-         .  .!  I,     .  .|     1    ■   ■  • 

llu-,  ti.ir  hk.  till  p.i->iiiii,  |.||.^  pi.  ..  ac- 
cording to  the  Scriptures,    llu  p,i--,iui- 

III  •.nIiuIi  till-  r. -Ill  n-i'liiiii  ..ii  tli.-  iliiti!  il,i> 

W.l-  tillllMij  III  ll.lM    lucll  pl.ilMlil.  .ippr.lis 

111  ll.  1  II    i|ii-i,i    \i  "  \i'.r  t\v.> 

il.u-  will  ill-  r.  \  1  1-  n- .  "11  ll  ■  iliii.i  >i.u 
III-   w  ill   r.ii  -1    11-   lip  "    III    I  ll  I  -I  1.    1!  1- 

/.I'./,-,'  wll"  .-\pii'  I..  I'l  I  i'-..|  11)1  .111  till- 
llrf.l  .l,i\  I  111  p.i-  ..i.ji  li.i-  i-.'ll'iii'..  t,,  il.i 
v,i'li  tl'i  M.  ■■lib  It  I-  lint  1  p'lili.-  11  111 
111-  r.  -Hill  .  Ml. 11.  Ii-vt  llii  pi  .'pi.  .  .  v;.',  .  Mil 
I'l  1 ,.  p.-  ill  'll.  II  ll  1.  'ii.il  1 .  -."i  •..'■'  .11  I'.i'i. 
■  k'  .  .  111,1  lu  .  .1  ll.  I  p.i  ■  .1 ,:-  -  ui  tl'i  <  IM 
I  .     '  11  1.  r',   i'    I   '111.     pi   II  i\  .-   .1    M.  •  Mi-1.  -11 

I  •;'l.  •  ,.:"11    1     I      iM'.-k    .'t     \,  1  -    /■  ;,,      ;  ,  - 

M  l'     « :i    1".  I'l  -'IT  1 .  .  ••  •    I     I  ' 

J  '.  I-,  1.  J  I  II.  .  \  I  ,11 
-  I'.'  -  1..  (  I  I  i.i  "pli.i->  .  lii.  'i;;'!  til. I  ,ik,\  . 
■'l-'l!ii.|  l  \  -ttlrl  .  Ni-U'  -l-.  -'114^'  -I  .1  till.- 
.-.  .ti.-.-p' I. '11  .,|  !i'-'..i\.  .1.-,  .  It -' t..  wlr.li 
,1  i|i\  -ill  p'Tli. '  -.  ,  n  p.ir'  I '  -  '  .:  I'  'I  I'l  ,111. 1 
in'iipii'.  .!  I1-,  111.  II  I'l  pt.'pli. '1.-  ill  'ru  t. 
■,\,i-  l>.  nil,;  wmk  il  nitt  llit.iM^!i..-it  t'-i  ,1-^1--. 
.in.!   f-  •••!!•!   it-  I-  •H.'!!!t!!M!f>!l   iit   »  hri-' 

5-7.      I  ;  '    li-:■^   '  I.   ulii,-li    r.i-il   !-    !..  rr 
ir-i-"iiL:  .1-  \i;.;l  i"  ihi   l;..-i.i-I,  ..ml  .iliii-.-l 
->  11.  .ii>  nil  111-  Willi  ll.  1-  lli.it  .i|  tli,-  r.'-nr 
tr.-ii.iii:  Ik-  iii.-i ct'i  in-  pi.i.  .  ri!-  t.i  .  -'iil.li-h 

II  ill  >i.!l.|    .ll!    ll.llli.l     lis     .tii.lui  Mil;  lil-|..IU,li 

iT  1"./. •>!,  ,-  |..r  il.  .\s  till-  r\ iili-lh  .-.  .111.1  Ili.t 
til.  f.irt  al.'iu'.  i-  p.irt  ..t  tin-  trii-t  lu-  rmn- 
iin'ti'ij  t..  till'  ("..rintliiiiTi-.  li.-  pr- I-.  ./m/ 

/,■/;        ,•'!    i'"     ^^■l   ..'I'l:-.--  :,r- 

I'itllt  1    ''-.:•■'<    a'.,   -...'!■•    \ir'.    I"' ■  -  pi'- -■' Hi  -  111 

the   cinir.  ll,   likf    I'lti  r   an. I   J.uiu  -,  ami 


I  COHIXTmAXS. 


[Cll.  \V 


S  Aiicl  I.i^l  I'l  .ill   In-  w.iv  ~c,ii  111  nil- 

III-'',  .1^          iilM    l.'TII   I'll!    Ill   illh-   nilU  . 

n  r'.'l      I             ill,     li.iM    ..|  ihr 

lli.il  .-1111   III  ••   inn  •   t'  I   It           i|  .111   .1]"  '-I  !i  , 

111  r  i  I   |M  I  -'  i-iil.  .|  I       (-Inn  ,  h  ,  .|   I  ,r  n  I 

•  '<  I    ■■   '  .   • '  !■  '.^I  ar,    .  .|  (  ,.  1,1   I   .nil  u  li.ll 


1    .iin  :   ,111. 1   111-  'jr.u'i-   ulnrli  wi.y 
ii|Miii  iiir  \\,i-  n..!  ni  \  mi:  Imi   I  I.iIu'imci; 
niiiir  .iliiniii.iiuly  iliaii  tlu\  all;  yi.1  ii"!  I, 
I'lil   '!.'    i;i,M'r  o|  <,iMl   uinrli  \\,i-  Wili;  ik' 
II       1      1.  f.ir.    \^:.i  Mi.  I-  ;/   .,  ,        1  ..I-  ill.  \, 
'   \s  .■  |i|  .',1.  1;.  .iii.i   ~.  1  \  c  1 11  ln  \ .  .1. 


uli".    ivi.l.ii.i'  1^  ,i''.\r  .ill  -ii-.|iu-ioii  ii-f,    Iri.m  tin-  n..-|irl-.:  iln   .i|.|i.  .ii  iia-.        1'. 'rr 
'  '■■Ml.  a'.,   w  ■  • ,    aiTi I-   III. '!!i.  .11.  il   i|:;i!i-   in.  ;.K  nt.iil.'. ,   an. I  lliat 

■  ■   1,1       t  ■  liuiiilr.il.    I. .  j.m,.  ^  n-  I  ,,i  ,ill.     1  lie  .ui  |>IH'1>  tell  iliiu-!i. 

And  that  he  appeared  to  Cephas  il.nkr   tint  iii  m  li  i-  1.  ii  nni.  l.l. 
^^1'         ■  '        :.!.,■  r.  irr      8.    And  last  of  all,  l.i-i   in  tir.u-  an.! 

Ill  I', I     ■  .]'■  ih-   1,1        iji.  then  to  the    !.iM       .h-'ii:\   ii.  i-  In-       •!i,   .,  !.,'  ..i  ili, 
twelve  .1  ~.  :i.l. ..1       '-!;.-       th.y  « .  i  r    i|-.  -■!,,,  mi,  .,i.  as  to  the  one  untimely 
u'<\\   .,ili.,l   li  nk.,   \\u    .i'.i     iluir  u.r.  'born,  Me  appeared  to  ME  ALSO  .in; 
i<all>    ..nl\    !in,    liiiLi-   rmil    lli..ina-   In  ;  n    |iii,itu-,  .il   i  ii.i  i      W  lu  ii    I'.iiil   m-i-l-   ii|  ..!i 
al'-riil      III,-  I-  ili>   ~ri!ii  .  liK-i.iI  il,  -     •!!.    irnlh   ..|    ilu         ■  ;rri  1 1 1. m.   In-  kii..\\- 

iv;iiali..ii  i.f  llir  yrmip,  Ihr  r.]..,i:iil  ii-r  \\liii,.t  lir  -(..-.ik-..  t.  •!•  llu-  ii-.ii  Clii'-I 
i.t  nr.!  i.r  tirnTii   v]:,,u-  tli.il   ill.    iir.liT  i>  ,n  iii,i;ly    s,  ,  u    i       j)  i    |iy   iiiiu   on  llu- 

<-liii.iiiili.v;ii-al,  Ik.'imli  Ou-  I'l ilk nviii.i;  --i-ii- j  i  \  i T-iiiriii. .rakU-  il,i\  m(  1ii~  inunu-y  !■> 
li  iuT^    (\\.   (1.  ;.  .ir  a--  imlrin  nilriit    |),ima-.  ii>     II.    calN  liini^clt   tin-  al'.-itimi 

!-tatriii(-iil-.  and  an    imt.  Iiko  vv.  tor-  |  i ///.-  .ili.  .r!  i.  mi   jit-rliaiw    »ni;j;i-sts   that  tin-, 

iiially  iiin  ■  m1iu-i  (I  h.\  .'/i,j/,  llu  y  arc  111.  ilimlii  U.1-.  ;i  iiit-kiiaiiu- )  pii->silily  nn  ;icci)iiill  of 
p.iit  iif  I'.inl'-  ■■  .■..iiinn--i..n  "  tu  thi  ('..riii  1  ih  -  ^lranm-iu-->  aiu!  --iMiiU-tnu->^  nt  hi> 
llitaii^.  a»  In-  I-  iiiakiiit;  the  oa^t-  t'..r  llu-  ( ■|iri^ti.in  Iiinli.  "What  ;in  aliiirti..ii  i» 
1 . --in  I .  i  linii  a~  -iriiii!,;  as  pusviMi-,  Then  ,  .nil. ills'  i-liili|it  ii,  ihal  am  I  aiiliiiii;  tin- 
He  appeared  to  above  five  hundred  '  .mI,  "  i  l!,  ii>;i  1 1,  In  In-  <l<  M-rtpiu.n  nf 
brethren  at  once  i-'ii  ,in  in-r,i-i'.ii  -ii|i;.. .-.  .1  tin!-''-  apju  ,ir.iin-i-  to  iliiii-ilt.  I'.i-.l  iinc- 
I"  I"  ..I'.i.l..'  •  i:;  ,\lat  .\\\iii.  i.- I  of  ill.  ^ini.-  u.u.l  u,'.,i"i;  i  ,-m.v  si\n)  a-  lu-  li.iil 
whom  the  majority  survive  to  this  day  i:-.  .1  .  t  !l,<-  ..ili.  r  ,ir.iiu-r- ;  In-  .;,>  .■),• 
.iiiil  all    tli.i.  ,..'!!'•-.■'   1..  mv.    ,vi     ,i|  llu-  n-iii  L'liri-'   u,i-  ,i-  n  al  a-  llini- 

iliiiii    ai    li!-i    Illii.!,  though  some  have  Ml.-  ,,n.!  t':.  v  ..lik.-  !i,i.l  c'hri-i.  ami 

fallen  asleep  i  l  hi  ;-;i.iii  i  ni.k.  nn-m  II -r  ;  lliii .  !'  1.  v\ .  ; ,  li.iiin.l  I'l  li.M-  in  111- 
I'.'..'',   .1     M  .i-r;-!,    lit,    •,-//    ,■>,'.-.;•  1.       >,f    ,  ,      r.  iiu  r. '\    ::;   l!i-      .iit :  i;     .  I 

!-■  ■n-i -i     'il  K   li;.  -r  .N'.l.iu'i'  .-, 11111. it  111-  ,1.1     :      .  \  . 

ihii.il.  Ml.  ,1-  I'.iiii;.!  iiii.  ly  -.!>-,  "Il  u.i-       g-ii.    For  as  for  me  .i-,u'  c  ■,■< . 

11"!   Ill   11 --   mill.  .r'. 111. -r   1..  Iiiini;    t..r«.iril      '  '--i-.-i  .-.l'..;      .  .        ■        I  ,,;]•. 

llu-.'  a>  .Mini--.-  I \  li.ul  'l-..!  Ill  tin-  I  am  the  least  of  the  apostle^.  indeed  I 
111  h.  1  ■     I  111  >   /,•,,'  ■,■.',),-  1)1  c/ii-i7   am  not  tit  to  be  called  apostle,  because 

1.1   \ii    i,Ni     Then,  ..ii  ,in  .  ii  i-inii  ii..|    I    persecuted   the   church   of   God:  k. 
I.'  ■■•k'l  11!  "-n-  (...-pil-.  he  appeared  to  i -hn.l.iri-  ,i-  lu-  iki^'s-  ■  -  w  luu-.  ,iii 
James,  tin-   l.r..l!ur  ..|    ilu-  l...r.|    i  <  lal.  i.  i  ii.  nl  lu-  li,iil  l.iiii  ■  I  ii.-l  ami  III-  ilii;r.-ii. 

ui.iiliy  lit  -|ii  >  ia!  niinli--ii  hi  rr  .i-  iki-  '  Ri  iiii .i -r  tor  ll  i-  nii-uniili-il  /<  al  ..t  tlm-i- 
li.iiltr  i.i  ill.  I.  Ill-,, km  ih'n.h;  then  il.i>-  i-mt  iLmnUil  and  liniink.iU  il  iiun  ; 
all  the  apostles,     llu-  |ii-. .|n:u;  m.  ^  l.u!  i'  i-  liiii|Hiril  by  till-  ihiMiulit  ..t  llu- 

iit    "llu    twil',.   "    iii.iki  -    i:    |«.--il,lr    !k,ii    inliiiiti  ■/   Ci'd.  wliirli   ka.l  clu  rknl 

.//-.Mf  -  .v  iini-t  k.i.  II.  I  lk.  II  in  a  u  uIi  r  Iniii.  -.nnl  Inin.  ami  IioiutmI  hnn  hy  .i 
^iii-i  ill!  iih.in'ii.;  iiii\  I...  k..\i\ii-.  '  Imi  pl.ii-r  .  .f  i-on-iiu-ii.  in-  /.i.'7  i  »\t)iria<Tn  i ,  |  luii 
I'll  '111-  iii-i  .1  1  .I'.i'i.i  ill,!  .■!  j.ihn  h<  U.I-  !i --  lli,in  nothini;.  IMU  lu  ;<  S'liir- 
^^  "!■  •"  ■     I'l    '    '   '•     \''-  ^    -'   1'   il!-    I'itiu:    llu-   i;r,u-i-    of   (iml    lia-   iii.ul.'  him 

1  :!.i.'ii'  ,11  .11.1,  iini-k,,';.  I  ,i|i..-;|,  -  w.n-    -i.mrtliinu      I'.     i'!r..   t-ki     i.]..-:ii..n  .-1 

l'''-in:      l!    --    1.111,11  k,i!.!.-    |!i,ii.    ,i:ih."ii:li    tit,-  •        •  »••!  -  v  .  ■  ,    \,  r—  -li.'\'.- 

I  '.1  "1    •  -      ■  --'n!,!!!  i-i'.    1  k.     ni. .-!    1-.  .iu-hi-iV(-    ||.  ■«  ..■,.■■','.''::-■,■  ■    I  •  .  '    1  i  -  .  kki  t. ,  (  i. ,.  1 

1,1.1.   i"i    -' .    1'. 1 1,  .11   .it   rkii-i,  hi-  '■.  Il    i."   i  I-  I'!'-.-'  But  by  the 

- ■  I  :  .    i-;i|ii-,   i;!,iM  ,  i!..r  ..1  grace  of  God  I  am  what  I  am.  •  ,iii 

i!'.    !,  .••.!■,,,).»   i.r  •!•.    «..in.  .!     Il,  !•, .J  ;,l  ,,rii,.,,    .,.nlii    !...!    an   .,•)..-•!,     and  ik. 

Ii-'*\iMi    I'l'  •  -■  •'■  L:n.'  ,ill  ill.'  .\'.li!i.-i.  -'N,    |....-t',   ..i'   ill    I'l-;   His  grace 

.in.l  llu-  ti -I  -n.  !i\   .It   tin    u.Miun   nnyki  ■  v-  ■  '   i    towards    me    did    not  prove 

I'. .'k.ill.  n-i  .1    li\    ill.         |il:,  ,ill\  empty,  but,  .n  :i  .   .'..n-Kii  v,  -i  .  .ilk  . I  .nul 

mil. k'l      Ii    :      >]■■■    r.  111,11  k.ili',.     ik,'.    ,.i  ,.,:';||...l  ni.'   ri    i ' 'i ; ; i,  1  . ■  n   i..:l      I'nil  rr- 

tlu'    i\ukiu-i    .i.kliunl,    -..    link-    1-    kliouii  -pmul-   lo   tlu-  K'iICi-   "t   (iml   k>    .1   Ilic  of 


(  ,,.  XVI  I  (  (HJlNTillANS.  1(1.-) 


!_•    N'mw  It  t'lin-t  lif  '     '.^    ^  <  .1,   .iii'l    «i    .Iff    liiiniit   f.iKi  uit- 

rii'f  lr"iii  till-  ili-ail.  h'<\\  -'iiii-  .iniiMc.;    lit ..i  (■...!,  u  i'  •  -■■!:■,.! 

•i.i!    tilt  rr    1^   iM  n-nnttiN'U         tl.  ■    ft  ili.it   lit    r.ii-ti|  up  t'liri-,!  \\ii'<Mi 

iliM'!  1  ii-iil  II.. t  111'.  '•>'  'li'.i'l 

tlif  ilt  i'l.  tlitii  i-  t/liri-.!  n..t  ri>tn:  j     l'>    l'..r  it  liif  ilf.nl  ri-t  iii't,  tluii  iMt 

14    Am!  It  l  lin-i  In-  11. .1  ri-iii,  tlu'ii  i<  t  lin-t  liimiI 

i.nr  iircacliitm  \aiti.  ami  .v.'iir  laitli  is  aKt>  I  17  ^"'1  'I  '  !:ri-t  In  ni.t  r.ii-<il.  vi.iir 
y;iih  I  faith  /.I  \a'!i.  \f  ...r.'  \i  l  111  \  ..iir  -'ii- 


lltiiisii.il    tl.;!,  li  r  .if    .1     L'lt'l     c'f    -f."i-V   la'i  'i    'i'   li  a-  .1  .111. 1  1~  t't.ii'-i' 

.vr.ii-i-    - 1   toileil  luiul    .riiiiilt,    ir.i.     uiapliu-    l!;aii    III.  I-.imli^Ii 

ut.rk  I  more  abundantly  than  all  of  them   i  '  1  i-.  ,!•;!;-  ./m..-'  1.  |..  i.  ).|.. 

It.-ttluT  (t.f.  It  tlii^  l.f  f.  .ii-!.!.  ! .  .1  t....  .l".  .  till-  t..:;t  :i  Ml  Im;.;Ii-1i  r.i'ij'-  ii'.tu\: 
^;r..ir._'  iii  a-^t  intni.  ut-  in..\  p.  ili.il.-  tr.iii-  i^  111. ti-  >!'^irli.  ,ir,;  iliati  it  In  !ia.|  ui"|.  ii. 
I.i't  .  iii.'v    ■/  .''';.;»  I      lilt   litf  .'t  Ia!"'r|"ll   it        pii-.ulif.l   iImi  1,    11-. -li" 

ail. I   pt  iM  .-.111.  .11   ul.uli   h\-   .ip.  -lit -hip   in    ;  I  he  ih.  iiic  )iri  at  hiiii;  1^  11.. I  ,1  tMilii, 

\..Kfti   h.i-  .ilrt.t.l>    l.t.n   -■iljl;-,  -t.  .1   h\    i\ .  !  hii!  a  / v.  11 .  •  Iin  ~t .  t  11  h,  r  . .  ft.'./  <  '  J,?. 

I        i'liul    .ihiii.-l    -.till--    '..    iiur.'     l!u-    wh.ii    Aijfir  .titoi.h.  ii.,till.  .,t  i,t,ii-- 

i..iiip.ir:-..ii  int..  uhifli  hf  li.i-  hi  <  11  h-l  !.\  I'.iv.l  llu -t-  t«i.  a-pf.t-  .iit    m!,iI1\  *i)|i 

rt  lUi.'!iii..;  iilii.ii  wliit  thf  .^ra.f  ..l  <i...l  lia^  Mfliil  (CI.  Kmii.  1  .  J  i.  J3».  Il  !h<  11.  llif 
mailt-  t.i  lain:  a-i.!  ai  Iif  .-h,.  ik-  liiiii     ].fr.u-liiii>;  of  Christ  iiimiIm-.-  iIic  pifat-lniii; 

M-lt:  yet  not  I.  but  the  grace  of  God  I't  lif^  risnrrictiuii,  how  is  it  that  among 
accompanying  me.  //  railu  r  than  he.  it  you  some  maintain  that  there  is  no  -luli 
tlinuiKli  ami  \v.:;i  hiin.  h.nl  <l.m<.'  the  work,  tliiiin  a-  a  resurrection  of  dead  imii'- 
Iiiil  I'aiil  will  iitit  let  himself  he  draw n  rihi«-.i-  who  m>  maiiitaiiieil  were  jr. ■»(.■.  per- 
iiilo  a  ili..eii^siiiti  irrtlev.mt  to  liis  main  iiaps  tiot  many;  Init  aiiaiii-l  vMeli  a  ihaille 
'.heme,  iheref. '1  e  he  atirnptly  conehitlt  s :     It    IniiNy  a   hea\\    hlou  -!:■•. k  a' 

ni.itier.-  Mi.t  then,  whether  !  or  they,  ul  nf.-.    The  re-nrreeti. >ii    1  I'l.  I..  .!\  w  "-LI 

li.iil  the  \iMi.ii  am!  ilnl  the  v^.tK.  this  iSi..!!'.  >    ,1   p  -  ilLir   -liiniMnii;    li .«  U    i->   •' .■ 
how  we  preach,  and  this  is  how  ye  i  hen  i  plaL  •    ; ';  .  .!!>    mimleil   •  .1 .  .  k -    It  I     \.  '- 
believed:  !his     the  st.itemeiit  h.'  h.i.l  emn-    \\i;     i."-^.  .>.-'.   -..im    "i    u!i..m    \\!,;|.  1. 
in;",  .1        rlu-m  ahiint  the  i|i  ath  ;im!  espe     lii\;nL;  111  ;nt    itmii.  •:  l.ili!  \   ul  llie  -..'l.  i. 

ijirili.l  tilt    I .l\    l.'t   .1-  t!if  p!i-..r.  ..:  iiif 
-..111.  iii-'lli.T  t.ip.iM.-  n..r  «.al!;\    .-t  Ih.l.l 
iiii;  p!.u  .■  11!  ill.'  u.t'.I  ht  \..ii.|  ilf.ilh 

A  -piip  i.il  '   ..'y         to  'hrm  .1  nu  .niiiiyless 
plii.i-.    1.1    \.r    551.     I  I;.  \   ni,i>  .li-..  h.or 
!'.  .  tl  t  111-.  .i!r:i_'..l  111  tliiir  ..pii''..ii-  !.\  I'.tiil 
pi  f.u'iiin.L;  ..t   .1  niv-tit.il   i|.  .itli   .lihI   i.  -!;r 
r..!i..ii    Ullli    (hi:-!      App.irtiill\    tlnv  .hi| 
11. a  .lin>  tilt  n -111  n  ition  ..ft  Ilrii-.  It 

■  I ',,;;! ,iri.;.'i  i.  tit   ;i-  •;)!ii.  -   l'  ...t   0  ■  \  ... 
p'   It      I  nl  tlie>   in.i\  It  •j.inlf.l 

.1-  ..I'liip;.  I'anl  at  oiu-e  ^hi.u>  lluin  tli.it 
'■■  .1,  .  .  pi   the  line  .ami  ilenv  the  ..tlu  r  is 

ll.-JU-.il, 

13-17.    Now  if  there  is  no  mu-Ii  ihint; 
a  resurrection  of  dead  m.  n.  tin  11  neither 
is  Christ  risen:  it  tlure  e.m  I..-  n.>  ri-eii 
nun.    t!'.!.-   t  .11    he    n..   ri-eii   ('hn-t.  tor 

.(iie-iimi  «ii..  11  Ill  1.1.11-  ii..i,-i  >,         1 1  hri-t  t. .!..!!-■.  hnmaniiv     And  if  Christ 

he  -tartiil  th.  ihM-ii"i.in)  if  Christ  is  ;  is  not  risen,  then  our  preaching  is  uii.  i U 
preached  that  He  is  risen  from  <  the  1  empty  I'.fr.  ".  . 'ii]i!i,i!i.  ' .  t.  •  iln  n-t  n 
dead:  thi-  ivaii-'.nii.n  pr.Mrve-  the  tlavi.r   Clin-t  i^  ih.>  lure  ..t  it.  empty  too,  is  our 

,,f    .!.,.  s.-i.-r^    \>!;---M    t'"!^!     m  .f  l''^     V  -!<»•>     fsith.      IhiTe    !      1..    !•.;!  •■!!. 

1     1    v.'.;!ii    1,1    in    ''iV'i'P''''"    I ->  e    ver.    4  ;  -'anff  m  mtr  in. -^.il;.  .  .ip.l  ,1  l  i;'it  1. -lin^; 

the'fl'ore  imt   "  /iiiv   ri^t-n"),   .iml   also  ot  Mp'.'i  .-iieh  .a  mi-^^.n;.    inM-t  !  pi.ilU  liol 

the   f-,-1  \-.  I    t.  i;-f      Til!    Ut    r.  .i.-li    \iT    .i).  lou  hiv.    i;.  1!  ne  1  .  pt.  1.  1;.  .iinl  tli.n- 

till-    (iti.i,    \\..r.l    ■-      iiMpK    .1..:./    in<tpo«)  1-  r,..|   ;i.'    wf'r   1 ..  1 1 .  v  ;  11-.;      And  I'.  •!  ..lily 

not  tliv  ileail.  It  call-  ll|i  the  ileail  a-  f'-  -"•  li"l'.i'etl  to  ..Iter  the 


cially         f. -i;i  i  et'ii..ii  ot  t'h  isl  i  vv.      4  • 
On  tlii-  t  T  :.  ;.il  p.  .int.  I'eter,  James,  I'aiil. 
were  ah-t.Uiiel>  iinamnioiis. 


TItt-  Ci'its,-iiui'ii,  i-s  •'!  ".■i/yiii,,,'  the  Ni'surrn  - 

t-       I  \  \    I  J  Pi  I 

12.  In  (he  puftiliii..^  p.natiTaph.  I'anl 
li.i-  I -l.thli-h.  .1  ill'-  r.  -iii  let  tiiiii  ..|  (  hi  ;^t 
.1-  a  '.1.  .'.  liy  t  \;.|.  in-f  .iiiip'f,  i!-r.  |.r.  .at-lMlT'. 
an. I  irr.  ir.t.i'  ]■:  In  -pi'f  "I  .  h->\\' m  i. 
lilt  re  ,ire  -..nie  a!  r..riiilh  wh..  .h  ii;..  in 
^;eiur.il,  the  p. .- -i!  .li  i!  >  ..|  re-i;;rt  ft  1.  .n 
I'anl  uith  .ure.it  eariH-tl!e>>  proeeeiK  to 
-li..\\  li..u  utterly  .'  -.i-tron-  t.i  C'hri-liati 
t.nlh  ami  h..iie  -itt'h  .a  iletiial  wi.'ilil  he 
Now         m.iik-  the  tran-itioii  lo  the  ri-.i! 


I  COKINTHIAXS. 


[Cii.  XV 


iS    I  lu  ll    tlu  v   .iKii   wliicli    ;iro    fallcti  |    ji  Fur  since  by  man  camt'  licatli,  by 

a-l(  r;i  in  (  lin-!  ar.  |u  ri-lu(l                       I  man  ,  i;wi'  al-^o  tin-   ro<iirri-ction   of  the 

I')    It  in  lili  .inl\   \M'  lia\c  linpo  in  ■  dcail. 

Cbri-I.  uc  arr  >■{  all  ni.  n  ni.-i  nn-.  laMr,  j     j.>  l-'..r  a-  ni  Ad.nn  all  ■lu',  oven  so  in 

-i>    I'.nt            i>   (  Im-t    riM  ii   iniiii   thf  U'lirist  >liall  all  1  c  made  alive, 
dead,  tiiiil  Ik-coiiic  the  firsttrmts  of  them 
llial  ^Ii-iil. 


IM"  T  .  iri'uni~ran!;,d  i  vidc  'in-  f..r  n;ir  a-»er- 
ii  '  i  i\\  ■  N).  are  further  discovered  to 
be  lying  witnesses  for  God,  in  that  we 
wronged  God  by  witnessing  that  He 
raised  Christ,  whereas  He  did  not  raise 
Him,  if  so  be  then  that  dead  mm  are 
not  raised,  l.itrraliy.  "in  iliat  ur  li-titu-d 
ii;iii!st  ii.iiliir  lli.m  .  'i,,  ,'i m//:,' i  lii.cl," 
Ill  n.'.i'il  ll:ni  111  Ii^lilvint;.  ||  iln  n-nr 
rriimn  is  iici  iipr,  tin-  ai^i^lK-.  uli.^  li^ 
tily  to  it,  air  liar-,  ,inil  th,,t,  i.i...  in  llie 
bin'' 'St  rt  l;ili'in-lii|)  i  niu  i  i\ aMe -- iIk  ir  re- 
lat  .sln|)  III  (i.iij  All  iiii|ii is>ili|e  sii|ip()>i- 
ti<  snrel>  I  llrre  the  tliiiii)jlit  is  \ery 
explicit,  wliidi  eMryuhire  is  impliid: 
C'liri>t  dues  nut  rise.  He  is  raisecl ;  Cmd 
raises  Him.  Tile  tlmiiulu  nf  ver.  l,\  is 
re|ii  ate<l  with  renewed  eiitiiha»is :  for,  if 
dead  men  are  not  raised,  (heti  neither  is 
Christ  risen.  I  tif  m-.  .|ii.  it.  -  of  this 
WMiilil  lie  tcrril.!.  :  and  if  Christ  is  not 
risen,  tl;.  ii  your  faith.  uln.  Ii  i-  i  niiity 
(MI'.  I  p .  .1  ■  1'  1-  i.ii'li  111  11.  illrtic.  is 
fiiiilu  r  fruitless,  ii  |.r.Hliii  i-  ii.i  .  it.  ,  t  in 
>..  :i-  .  1  'i.i  -  -I:;!  ,  1  ! i .  .1 1  Ye  are 
yet  \\;::in  :i  .     i.  i  ir  ..f  your  sins.  Ii'  -m 

\\'!''l  .v:l  Ii,.d  ^'I'l.. '-M-.l  y\]  w.Ti-  ill-tlfuil 
h\   I        1  '    PI  I  1  rl  I.  'II  .  .1  (  lll  l-t   I  l\.  nil    1\  .  J5  I . 

1'         ..Ill  lie  nil  redetuiittiin  with  a  tle;id 

I .  . 1  '11.  r 

iS,    K).  .'■in    il         uilli    tile    li\iir.:.  Tlie 

.1  llir    di  .111    liiii-'i.iil    i-  i-.|n:i:ly 

ji  iih.  Ii.-,   Then  also  those  who  were  laid  to 

sleep  I  i  f.  ■,<(■.  (ii  in  c. .iniiiiiiii. .ii  «iiii  ,i 
<le.iil  Christ  perished,  ii.i--iii..4-  -..me 
Mi|>|Mi-e  int..  ill, It  miv(  ry  m  li.i.lc-  wliuli, 
ill  llie  pi.  I. .11. d  l.itimi.iui  lit  I. like  \\i. 
i-  liii'  i.|  lli..ve  will,  die  ■■  \ .  !  Ill  tbtir 
■■ill-"  I  lii-  i-  |M  i!i.i|i^  tu  .i\.:i.!.--  ilii 
wiTiK  the  n  11  1.  luT  ma\  -iiniilv  r.i  .111- 
mliil.iti.  11  1 .1  1  1  '.1  If  I  h.  11  in  this 
I'fe  we  have  had  only  hope  in  Christ 

II.  1   I.-,!!   1.  .'.  v.'-r-..,,   h  ,,     .:,,,!  r. 

ti">'       •■•  '••  •  .•!•• !     li.i  11  we  are 

more  to  be  pitied  than  all  men,  i.'.r  mir 
'  .1.    !~  .11.         (1,1-.  Il  "  1..1I,  estriiiie 
pi  n  .1'  1.  1!.  .I'.l  ImM,  r  p,  r-i  1  11!  1"  .11  t  u   1)  til 
'\'r.:        ::!mi;  ::;  .■  in;-  Iv  f  r,  an  r,,:il. 

uli  'iii  \M  -li..iiM  r.ilhi  r  Ii,i\r  i  \pe.tid  t.i 
.i.lii'i!  i!',it  .1  III.  In .  .  I  111  the  -pivii  III 
1  lii'-l  W  .I-,  iiii.li  I  .iii\  rin-nm-t.iiii  i -.  |.!.  t- 
ei.iM.  1.1  ,  M  r\  ..ilu  r  I'erli.ip-.  .1!  I.. .11, .111. 
in  -pile  ci|  III-  l.irmal  di-i  l.imu  r,  lli.il  w.is 
his  real  ii|)iiiiiiii :  this  utterance  but  cm- 


I'Lilu  -  hi-  p,i--i.  .11.11,  e.  iiu  i.-i  i.  .11  iI:,,'  tlie 
I'  pe  he  h:i-  ell,  1  ■  .!  in  I  hi  i  -1  111  '!;.  - 
hie  mii-l  h.  i:i-titied  and  tnllilKd  111  the 
1"  e.'iiu  I  hat  can  uiily  he,  it  Christ 
1-  ri-eii ;  hilt  ut  tins  lie  1-  sure  (  ver.  jo). 


yVir    r\ir-r,;!.  !iiity    .S ,    i-  /i.  ./i.,  ,■    ,  •    (.  'hrist's 
A',  >  (I '   ,  i     'II  I  \ \    jii  j.s;  I 

20-22.      I  l.r  JiIiM  .il-  p.ir,IL;r.ipll  h.nl  ii.il- 
lempl.ilid  the  lerrihle  e.  .ii-i  .puiu,  -  |..r  Im- 
maiiity,  it  the  n -nriaei  1.  .11  ni  (  hri-i  u.i,' 
nnt  a  fact.    But  it  ts  ,1  f.u  t  :  as  it  is.  Christ 
is  risen  ilit.  /;ij//i  lu-iu  r,ii.u'il  1  from  (the) 
dead,  ,iiid  fnun  that  fact  the  inu-t  uinnien- 
Itims  CDn-eiiiieiices  ttuw.    lie  i-  the  I'oiitider 
iiif  a  new  humamty.  and   His  experience 
nf  resurrectiim  will  and  mn-t  he  sli.ired 
liy  all   who  are   miited   with    llim.  llns 
I  tlintiiillt  is  ex|iri  --eil  imd.  r  ih,-  iiii,ii;t  r\  nf 
.1   h.ir\r-!.    (  hri-t    1-   the  first  fruits  of 
them  that  have  fallen  asleep     n..'  n,  , 
i  i  --.inl\    .ill   nun.   I  nl    tlie   t  hri-lMii  ilr.i.l. 
I  ar,  i n. li iil:  t.i  the  iinliii.iry  n-.ii.;,'  uf  Aoiudji'.u 
I  \i,  .^111  — ilieir  re-iirreet .11  1-  uM.ilMlllerd 
;m    111-,    a-    -iliely   ,1-    ih,'    h.iiv.-'    in  llie 
ilii-t    Irml-    il.e\.    \\::i     loi'  1  l-I.-'ui.-.' 
ti.'Il  I'-ii',  -  .1-  iii,  \;':ihl\    II,  i!  ..-,- 
niiiti.l  1,1  Ihiii.  ;i-  ih.iiii  !..  i!;..-e  uh..  ar,' 
I  litii:.  .1.  .!-        Ill,  n  .'iTe.  t..    \,I.iiii       I  .1  IVril. 
I  I  hri-1  ,iiid   \d.im  .ir,'  the  t\\.,  -iipi.m,    I',  r 
i  -"ii-    in    the    u  .  irhF-    -1   r"  'i,;  I    !;■  -i  •r\ 
.\.lam.    Willi    uii.'iii   e.imc   -in   a,;d    .!,  .ilh, 
and  Cliri-t  wlm  lirnii.nlit  delix er.iiic-e  fi.,in 
hoili  (  l\'..iii,  V    i.Mt  I     It  1-   l/.fi/  .ui,<pi-t 
Miiii.    For  since  through  (a>  man  ih.re 
i-  death,  through  la)  man  also  tlure  i- 
the  resurrection  of  the  dead:  for,  as  in 
( tlinnii^h  their  iminti  withi  Adam  all  die, 
so  also  in  Christ  shall  all  be  made  alive. 
\re  we  tn  midiT-taiul  th.il  the  I.i'ti-r 
11-  iMf. ,  f- il,  lil.,- tlu-  f.,rm.  r"    n.n--  (  /fi/.vf'.o 
.  r, -nil'.  ,-f.  11  .i;!Mi  .iiii,-,'  r.,-  r< -iirr.-.-:  i,  ,11  i.f 
j.ill.   nr   .iiily   I'l    I  /;  I  .■.>■.'.'.))/ V  '    l"    i',,.    .  .>( 
i  the  l.irLirr  referetu  e  i-  the  p  n   '1.  1  i..'  -n  .1 
j  the   -,  111,  I',',  :         t!  it   e.i-.'.   .ill   u .  .iild  h,' 
r.ii-.  .;   :  •  /  ;   ..;;;>    i  ;,i  -•j,,!,-   p.  ih,- 

I  lill.ll  Sji;.lli~  II  l'i..I,ihl\.  !;  .w,  , ,  i-.  the  rrl- 
i  1  1 ,  ii,  e  i-  I ,  .i!!\  ii.|.  1 .  .\\ ,  !  all  ill  \.l.iiii, 
ill  mil. ,11  Willi  .nid  ,|,  p, ml.  ii.  i-  .'p.-n  l  .-ii 
ih.il  1-.  .1.7  111,11  .!i.  .  -iinilirh  .,11  ;ii 
,  ("liri-t.  Ill  ttniuti  with  llim.  live  The  nrder 
Uif  llie  Greek  words  may  indeed  be  said 


Ch.  XV] 


1  COHINTI  HAN'S. 


H>7 


2\  I'.Mt  <\riv  man  i'  liis  <i\mi  orik'r:  -7  l'i>r  lu  lialh  put  ail  ihiiii;^  iiiuUr  In-, 
t  in':  till  lir~tinnt-  .  aiu  ruartl  tllcy  that  f>  i :  i'-nl  wlit  ii  !u-  -.luh.  All  tlnuK^  .in- 
an-  I.  lin-i's  at  hi-  I  '  lnuiK',  i  |''''   "nili  r  liiin.  il  /,>  inamii  -t  that  lir  is 

J  J  llun  .■'lUi'lli  ihr  ciul.  wliill  li'  -liall  ;  t  \iipli  <l,  whuli  tliil  |iiit  all  tliiiiK^  iimlir 
lia\r    UIiM-rcil   nji   tin-   kiiiHiI'Mii   t'    (^..1. 'him 

;l!<-  I'atluT;  whon  lu'  -hall  lia\..-  pnt  JS  Ami  uhni  all  ttiiny-  -tiall  In-  snh- 
(l(u\n  all  ruU  ,  anil  all  antliority  an.!  i>M\\rr    iln.  .1   nnti>  hnn.   then    -I'.all   :h.-   S.-n  a!-' 

.'5  I'nr  lif  iini-t  n-iiiii.  till  hi-  hath  iml  Inn--.  If  li<-  -iihui-t  riiil.-  I  nn  that  put  all 
all  Vnomiis  ntnlir  In-  fn-t  ithnu;-   nn<!ir  hun.   that   i.-  .l   n!a>    It  all 

j«>    1  he   la-t   i-m-in>    //i.;/   -hail   ho  <l»-  in  all. 
•itrint-tl  IS  itvalh  ' 


i-t  t 


!       hitrtpn  la:i.  .n  ;   hut    thi-    (in:-!'-    tMinnp'i  .i-  i.     i.-n!plr!.  lli- 

],!-,  I„       ],  ,li  »!■  .1     ,;-  li.  nu.'lii    i;,  aiul  till-  :  iiiM-l  niit  hr  kwx  mI  a  -a  .  a  M       I  in  n- 

phia-.    ni  tin-  nr\!   \,r-.  !lut:  .ic.'   i-Tc  (as  the i  last  enemy  death  is  done 

(  //i/a/'.v    aim. 1-1    -.  III.  -    til.'    matter.    Tin.- I  away:   tin-   M-rJ.   1-    ni  llu-   pi. -ml  trn-.- 

i.l.i;t;l\   ->ii;i;i-!c.!  l.i'Wi.n  Chri-t  anil  the  ' '..van-.-  tin-  i|.-'rtirti.  m  ..i^.l.ath,  'h..n«h 

••  sK-ipir> "  hy  the  w.T.l           fruits  lu-n-    minr..  i-  a,,  /in  t  ..  i  For,  I'e  (....li 
iH-iunu-s  an  cmii  iiinri'  iiuvanl  thnii;:  tluy  put  ALL  things,  ili 
arc  tint  iiK-nlv  like  Him.  hut  ift  Hnr.,  and 
His. 


_  111.  'M-  il.  ajll  iinhi.l.  .1. 

in  subjection  under  His  (('hri-t"-i  feet. 
In  l'-a!in  \  lii.  (•.  Iiy  which  ih. -.-  \\..r.l- 
ari-  -ni;i;.  -t.-.l.'  it  i-  m..n.  hinn.imt\.  th.il 
i-  rrpi .-.  n.-.l  a-  liavm-.^  .L.tiinii-ni  .\.r  ila- 
w.irl.!  l!;.-  p,i--a:.-.-  1-  li.  !.•  nr.  :p!i  t. M. - 
-i.nn.Mll>.  aial  api.h.  .1  i..  (  !  i  •  !  II.  i- 
ai  ..i  !ii  in  (  1'-  \n\  (1.  .ni.!  nii.  li.il 
Icni;.  .!  .i'  'nni  i'     w.-.:-:  !..  II'- 

27.    28.    (  l.r;-:'-    im;;ii']'Ii    mn-!  iml.Til 


23-26.  But,  hi-ian-c  tluy  ari-  Hi-,  ami 
in  Him.  ih.  y  arc  m  a  >.  n-.-  paratc 
frnni   Hil  l.  1:1  .1  .hn'.  i.ni  r.  l..r.- 

each  in  his  own  pi";.,  r  rank:  a-  tla- 
first  fruits  Christ,  then  those  that  are 
Christ's  will  Ih-  ma.li'  aluc  at  His  coming 
—  thi'ir  (pni-ki-tiin;.;  i-  .ii'.i.I\..i  :i:  i''')  lli- 

ci.miiiK.  anil   ihi-  p:              I',,  li   .\p.'.;..l  1  .■  .il'-. 'Inlr.  "  . -\ .  r  ,  \ .  :  \  1 ';1.  .  ..n:      •!  v  n"' 

in  tin-  near  Intiin-.  Then  is  the  end:  -a  !a  n  '-  p-.u.  r."  hiil  n--!  ..\.  r  1 ,'  .1     I          il  .-l  'li.- 

.mil  tlu-  rml  ..|  wli.it-     III.  II   Kir'ti  ,.p|.ii'  '..i',..t   r.  .  I.  iiip' u .-  pi--..  ~-  1-            (,  './  i':.iv 

I  nti\  ir,.I  .-.il.  -  a  t'iir.l  -t.i-.  .  .1-  li:.'  l>r.  \ '"li-  .».V  in  .i.V.  ai-d  tlur.  l-.r-.-  'li.    S"n.  altrr 

III, 11   liiriir,-,  ,   lii. la-. ,',.1  lia'  -..'..ii.!.  -  •  tii.it  -'il'luliiiu  all  llii-ii.;-         llini-.-lt.  p.  ti'-rni- 

;in    iii!.!-\,il   1-      -n.  .'iM'.l   a-    .  l.ip-iiiu   I.--  1  i  1-  •  i  •  •'-MiiiiL;  .1. ;  l.v  -n!.-.  .  t  m-..;  1 1  iti:-.  li  (■  > 

•u..n    I  ill'-''-    i-..niiiiK    ,111.1    till'    .11.1.     In  tit.  I'.t'-r      Ij'.-I,,.-    l.li-   r.      but  the 

K,  ■>    \\    )  ...  ilii-  mi.  i  x.il  I-  tili.  .!  lip  !  words,  '*  all  things  have  been  subjected," 

tin-  tli.iii-.ir.l  \  .ir  r.  1^11  .'I  (_1iri-t  iiii.l  I«.  .obviously  do  not  include   Him  ii,...!) 

li.  M  l  -,  ail  1  ;i  -itiiil.ir  tli-  iiulit.  U --  d.  In  P  .  who  subjected  all  those  things  to  Him. 
lu-rh.ip-.    );/..'v   li.m-   lu-rii    in    I'.iiil'-   liiiii.ljlt  i-  nut',  rl iin.ili-  thiil  in     ■  tii'p.i--i.  in-.l  a 

luTi-     / /.',  1-;.',/  I-  till-  i-nd  nf  In-i.  .r> ,  when  :  r- an.  \t.  tin-  nu  .'min..^  -h..  :l-l  .Ii-pnlfd. 

('•...i'.-  imrp.i-.-  -h. ill  liavi'  l>i'i-n  .-. .11-11111111. II.  .I  I  I  !;•■  \\.>r.|-  ni.  .111  -lit.  r.d!)  .             //.'^  ( ■  T 

l.v  th.  inimiph  ..f  flin-t.  iiiid  He  delivers  ;■' 1  .*.jv.s-  n.r  /i.i.v  .i,;.-,/t   ithaii     ,;  '  //.•.■»i-.t 

I '.;.ir-!    li;  -    u    III-  ii;7 
'■  .  ,'i!   .  !i '  '.    '.     ;;  -  -I  •'i  ninU  nt  ■ 
ill     !  .  f-.T.-    I   l-'dMlK    MM-r    t  lu- 
ll-- 1  .-ia  r.  .1'!.!  iT-.'Mi-  iv;  lli- 
'.  1 1  mi-  It      I  !.!.  ui.'iiil 

'•  !ii.."u'-t  ,    !'"•  ll'.-l.'    pf  h 

1 1 ;  1  r     1  - .  "  \\  ' .  11  I  <  '  /   1  I ! : .  i  •  I  - . 

.  ..r  V,  =   -  ■    '!  ■' 

1)1.1  in. '..lit   ■  '   '  •  -1,1 

'I  ,   •    '  '     And    whi-n  all 


Ml 


the  kingdom  to  Him  who  is  God  and 

Father  — thi-  i-  'hu-  '.n  tin-  l-.iUh-r  inmi  i  //r  m  ('ii'-'.  .n 
till-  .s  >;;— and  has  done  away  with  1  -  1. 

u-r.I  in  \iii.  ."^  "f  pr.'|ilK'i"t  -  an. I  k'l-  '.\;  1 
i.Ij.  1   every  rule  and  every  authority  1 
and  power;  .-p..-i;illy  pcrliap-  ;•  1'    I  i  '-.  \ 
llinikiiiu  .  'i  .!.  nil  -in.'  p-     ■  1  -      I  '  ■    .  ';!  ■! 
j;i-!.,i\    i-    ti'.  .:••!    •••  ■• 

trimrn':  i  '  i.-.-  fcr  He  rnu-.t  reign  1 
until  He  has,  i-;  '     .  '  '     '      '■  ' 

put  all  enemies  under  His  feet 
an  •-!!.'   .-liii.'!!.'-    l!:.-    I'-.iinr-:'-  «••' 


111  1 


.1  ni,iL;ii; 

iv     I'i.'  1!'. 

1     .    I'-. ill' 

.'  ■    li'  :!  I- 


llif  ail.lilii.il  .It  ill.'  i'\.n 

....  .  .!  !..  ...V  .    -r...-!    n-  ■'. 

■•  fiil-l  //.■  il  i-  pn'  «lii 
(  ,.  .1  ;    l.iil    111  a    11.  .-.'--aril> 
-niiM  i  t  ..f  ill.'  iniiii.  .li.i!.-  I 
pri.i.iMv   h.r.-     //.•  i- 


ith. 


il.il  inn-l 


things  have  been  subjected  t.)  Hnn,  then 
shall  the  S.in    alsi>     of  His  own  accord 


•  11 


self  <!!  Him 


In  ill.-  1'-  ihn, 
iii-i.  h.T.'      I  1:,' 
•  nil'  \!   1-  (  Il .  !  ■ 
I  ■'11, /M<-' 


Kini;     jli.itli  1-  till'  mi»-t  r^d.nthtal'.  P- 


(,i.|i  who  subjected  .ill  things  to  Him. 

I  I  1'  Irinniph  of  t  hi .  '  ■     11  i-h  .1  v  .  .f 

( ,i.,l      I  h.-  I-  till-  r.  il  ■.•!'. li  III  !  1  ;-.i  \  ,  ..11. 1 

il'ir.  for.'    i-M-n    ('hri-l    'h.'    '^"•1  nn'-I  hi- 

-iiliii-ct  to  lliin   rthii  1-  .it  1.11..-  <i..il  .'iiid 


of  hiitnanity  :  it  too  mn-'t  ho  conqiu  red,  if  ,  I'atlur :  Intt  He  -iilni-ct-  Ihmsi-'i  voliin- 


108 


I  CORINTHIANS. 


[Ch.  XV 


jij  ]  «lrit  ^h.dl  llu  v  ill  I  uliic  li  ;iri- 
li.i|iii/(il  t'lir  tin'  ilr.nl.  It  till-  lU.nl  ri-i-  iMt 
ai  .ill  '  uliy  .irc  tli>'\  iluii  li.ipti/nl  I'nr  tlu- 

<1.  .ni:- 

,(()  Ami  why  st.iinl  wr  ill  jti'iMnly  (\iry 
liiiiir  ? 

.il  I  iiriili'-t  liy  ymir  rrjoiciiiK  whicli  I 
have  in  Christ  Jesus  our  l.onl,  i  ilie  daily. 


I  .!-•  It  :iH(T  llir  iii.iMiuT  nl  imii  I  li.ivc 
;  I'iiukIiI  Willi  I'lM-ts  ,il  |-.]iln--ii~,  what  .ii|- 
1  \.uit.ii;>  lli  I!  iiif,  il  till  iK  .iil  ri-i  11' il  '  11  1  us 
I  c.it  .iiiil  ilriiik.  I'll-  I.I  iiiiirriiu  ur  ilu. 

},\    I'll'    ti"t   (li  ri  ivfil :    evil   ci  iiiiiiiiinuM- 
I  tuins  ciirnipt  nciml  inaiiiuTS. 
1    34    Awake  tn  riKliii''iiisiuss,  and  sin  not; 
I 


t.iiil>.  .mil  ilii--  in  order  that  GOD  may  be 

all  in  all  i  iii  •lil  .'//.iii:.!-  .u  .ill  culu  r  lh,i:i:s 
I  ii"  '/n  I .  lli.il  1^.  lli.it  III  -  il.'iiriiii  111  ni.iy 
]n  r\.iilr  .ciiil  iiiu-rin  iii  ; ;  ,i;<-  i  \ <■' >  lliiii^ 

1  111-  .iryuiiH-iit  Inn-  io;k'1us  an  i'npas- 
Mi>iie<l  ihni.i.N.  Sii;it  Ii'uu'  i>  K  ft  hohiiul, 
;tli<l  I'aul  is  swi  pl  iiii|n  lunii^ly  aloiiK  by 
his  exaltcil  eniolion,  as  he  luiiieiiiplales 
tile  risen  C  hrist,  v  ikMuriuiis  over  ev<  r\  tHe, 
ei 'nsiiiiiiiial  iiii;  llie  Kre.il  prm'e^--  i>t  re- 
<ii  iii|iliiin  Ii>  ilu-  I  i-ti  1  .itii  HI  I.I  lli>  penple 
tr..iii  ill..:!!,  .iiiil  ill.  11  lliiiiotil  licuiir.;  in 
\  .  i1;:m1,i1  V  111  .'11  -  ■ ;.  ill  1  n  h  u  '.!■'  i  a\  (  i.  mI 
ami  I'.i'lii  1.  tli.il  1  le  nni^lil  l.<'  all  in  .ill. 
li  i>  a  iiiii^t  ina  jestie  n mi-i  plii  m  ul  lii^ 
t.'r>.  iip.'ii  «liu-li  line  insiiiieu\ ely  pauses 
1.1  I. tr,  ilii  r<  siunpiiiMi  (it  the  mure  lurni.il 
arKUiiH  111. 

Tlir  h',-siifi,\  ti<iii  .  llinir  I:  i  fliiins  Clnislinn 
I'lihtiii'  mill  Conduct   < \\  Ji)-,?.}!. 

29.  Else  ;f  l!-.  r.'  1'.  II' '  -III  '  '!i:i  '.  - 
n -111  II  I  1 1' .11  what  shall  those  do  who 
receive  baptism  on  behalf  of  the  dead? 

I  111-  cniii.u-  |.lir.i-i'  li.i-   reei'i\i-il  a  mill 
litinle  of  eNpl.iii.iiinn- ;  lull   llie  must  nl. 
viiMis.    aiiil    pi..l..ilil>    the   i-.Treet    1.1.1,  i- 
that  the  relin  iui'  1-  in  a  eiisiutn  of  h.ivini,' 
line's   sell    liatill/iil    Inr   llu'   lielletll   i.t  he 
lie\ers  wlii>.  t'.'i  uli.iU\er  rea-mi.  Iiail  iliiil 
witlnuit  hapii-tii     The  ■  .l.-i  eii. .ii  |i.  ihi-  i- 
ill. it  it  -eiiii-  111  niii.l>  |.r.n  l uallv  a  iii.i'..;u'.il 
eiiniepIiiiM  .1"  li.ip! '--ni.  .1-  lliiiiii;Ii  il-  i-'licl- 
fiiiiM    I \i.  i"l    1"    ami    he    appi  1  .| .I'.il  1  il  by 
ill.    ill  111  .   ,1!"!    linlluT  il    i-   .ii..^i:.  .1  lliat 

r.iiil  ei.iiM  li.ii  ill\  have  --iiipni  i.  .1  -lu  li  ,1 
e. 'lu'eption.  in  an-\\er  it  ii'  i\  1.  -.  ••\  lli.i' 
lliiir  i-  111.  pii-ili\e  pi"...t  ih.il    I'.iiil  liiiii 

-.  Il  illil  -liaic  till-  l.illi  I       111    -pr.lU-   111  till- 

tliir.!  pi  I  -'  ■  "  u  h.ii  u  ill  tlu-y  ■ "  "  '  il 
i-  .111  <!'■.  /■'  :  'iUiiii  ,.../  /.'.';);,-i(,  i)i  lie  may 
1  \  I  n  lie  -  .1  :'i  \ .  r  ,;ii  !■>  'lu  ■  in|.!;.iii.-  .\  ■■ 
1  »;.iii?  1  1 . .  1 1 ; -  .i! !■  !i : 111 -  .  1 1  I  !  ■  .I'l  I !m  pr.H' - 
I  hi    alliii  II  il  li .  Ill  \ '  '    -'i|     I'.iil  II   1-  p.  . 

i:a|.-     il.:l.li\      lUli--.ll\  1 1 1.1 1 1 : 1 . 1 1 1 1  iwii 

till-        111    ill.'    I  ;'.'    nt'   l..ip'1-lll    i.ir    llu     ill  ...|. 

the  I  lui-M.r  .ippi.ir  III  li.iw  1.1-11  l.ii! 
ii'iii.iniiL;  ,1  1  iil.ir  111.  I  I  I'l.irtiee.  111  ii.ii 
li.-e'i..ii  w'lli  ill.-  'im  iirii-."  nt  riili.iti. 'ii 
1.11  I  I  .  i'  'lu-  iimiiii i.iii'il  ilr.nl.  .mil  I'.inl 
11;  .",  1  i'. .  '  .  lii  M  i|  111  llie  eriii  :ii  \  i.|  -'ii  ll 
hapti-iii  1  >  pii.\>.    .\t  any  rate  the  iir.ieliee 


t.t  the  ('.  .niilliiaii-  niiplie-  .i  helu  f  in  the 
ii  -!irrreli'  'II.  ami  1-  .ili-iiril  it  tin  it  1-  iiniie  : 
if  dead  m.  n  are  not  raised  at  all,  why 
do  they  actually  i',aii  receive  baptism 
,  on  their  behalf? 

!  30-32a.  A«,i  lily  the  re>iirrectii m  e\- 
i  plains  tlic  fideh  with  whieli  I'aiil  daily 
j  t'aees  danger  ami  deatli.  If  there  he  no 
j  -esiirrietii'ii.  why  do  we  on  our  part  incur 
I  danger  every  hour?  ami  iv>t  mily  (l.niner, 
jl  iii  11-k  ili'.iih  Inr  I  undergo  a  daily 
death,  ui  i..iw  .ilreaiiy  had  a  Klitnpse  nf 
I  the  li.;!il-lnp  ami  snrmws  with  wliich  his 

I  .ireer  was  replete  1  iv  ti-  i.i:  llie  apnstles 
uire  as  men  t!,'.-in,,l  I  -  ,l,.i!ii.  w    .):  cf.  2 

I  (  .  .1",  \i  J.i  .'71  lie  -'.\i  .1-  l\  i:u'  tllinn 
I  tli.i!  i-  il'  iii-:  I"  Iiini.  by  the  pride  in 
you,  brettircn,  which  I  have  in  I'lie 
-pill  re  I'M  Christ  Jesus  our  Lord.  S.  me 
.MS.'s,  n  .i.l  "  li>  i.'.'v  I  >)"<'''(i,ii',  ,ii;ri  praie, 
uiiieli,  ell"  '  1  e  ,  lu  my  pii.le  a-  .1  t  I111-- 
li.m;  hilt  llie  nth.  r  Ij.ri.ii'  m  ilieir  mu- 
'wr-i'.iil.  -I  I  III-  iP'.ir  iliri'livr  Wi  re 
•'ill.  mi  pr.     '.  .  t  . 't  I .  -iirrrel  1.  .11  ami  I  it  lire 

reu.llll,     wi.ll     ri.l-nll     Unll'.l     llllle     |:i  I'nr 

litiii.  iir  aii\  111. ill.  I'.iei  11;  i.  ii.  1-  wliieh 
he  had  faei.i  -  If  in  human  fashion,  iin- 
lulliil  liy  nn  uilier  <ie>ire  than  that  of 
]  iraii-ieiit  rew.ird  and  Kimy,  I  fought  with 
wild  beasts  at  Ephesus.  what  is  the  profit 
to  me?  I  ntnrtiin.iiely  the  refereii.  e  e.ni 
lint  he  ti\eii  witli  priei-mii  It  1-  li.inlly 
liki  lv  tli.it  lie  literally  tn  ii;lil  m  llir  .iin- 
pliiii.a'ii  an  aiiiieil  >;laili.ii.  .1  wiih  uilil 
.  :!;:.  w-  .iild  have  I.e.  11  in.-,  -i!  p  iiiMe 
Willi  ill-  k-'ir  iii  I  III 'I'li-liip,  aiiil  ii  h  all 
e])i-nile    W'.ll'.l    .illlI''-;    |-rrl.l!lll\    li.ne  luell 

Illellllnlll  l|      111      llu-      |lnni^      ll|      Al  l-.  .Mi.re 

pi'"!' i' 1>  It  iiiei-  I.I  -.line  il.iirjiT  In  wliieh 

lie   u.is   espn-eil    Irnlll   tile   Itlnli.   -lull   ,1-  111 
the   rint    ill  -ri  'hi  .1    n    .Nrl-    \'\.  p.-r 
hap-  it!  ihi-  .■■pi'iiir.i''. '1!         ■       -■■{i.  vv  Ai~ 
111     Cnr.  M.  -'.1  -•").     ill'  hill  ei  rt.iiiiiv  -..me 

II  rnl'l.  i\prr.i.'.  -  .1!  Iplu-ii-  1  j  l.i  1 
St  I.  1  ■;•  .  .1   ',\  'a'   11  1-  ■■r.    we  il.  1  ii.  'I   i.-v  .\\ 

I  !ii  p. Ill  ip:.  !i  .1  111  1  itn-  1  1 J  I  a'K  llu 
1  ^^  :'■!    I  i 

3211-34.  II'.  I.  1-  i!"  1 1  w  iril  '  •  II-  I'.'t 
I'.ii'l-iiip  ;mil  -nrr. 'W  :  if  then  lir  11..  f  '.'.anl 
11.  le.i iii  r.  Ill  .'iliei  w  if'l-,  if  till  dead  are 
not  raised,  il'iii  .■  .ill  Iri-  muN  .t-.i]  m 
lereiiee  will  1  r,  "Let  US  eat  and  drink, 
for  to-morrow  we  die."  a  qitni.itiiin 
frntn  Uaiah  wii    13     If  this  were  Paul's 


Ch.  XVI 


I  (M)RIN'TmANS. 


109 


(or  Miiiu-  ha\i-  iml  llu-  km  li(li;r  nl  (md: 
I  speak  Ill's  li>  >"i'i"  -li.mu 

1!  .  -uiiu-  iiitiii  s,i\.  Ili'W  aro  tin 
(Iiail  r.itNi.l  up?  and  with  what  Uxly  tl>> 
tliiy  i.iii)i<*? 

.5(1  I  limt  I'oi'l,  that  which  tlioii  miwi'nI 
is  not  (ittickeiu'd,  <M-ii>t  it  chc : 

37  Ami  tliat  whidi  thun  M>wi>t,  th'>M 
wi'wi-st  not  that  tiody  that  shall  1m-.  )mt  har.- 
Krain,  it  may  cham-o  i>f  wlu.ii.  i  r  nf  mhiu' 
otluT  ;;r,nii . 

.?S  r.iit  ("io<l  nivi'th  it  a  1""1\  as  it  hath 
))Uasiil  iiini,  ami  to  cwTy  -evi\  his  own 
iiiiilv. 

V)    All  Ih-sh  is  not  the  !.ainc  lU-sh :  Imt 


/'ii  >i-  (.<  one  hiiiii  (if  tli-sh  of  Tnrn,  anotliiT 
ilcsh  of  tifasts,  another  of  tishi's,  anj  an- 
other of  hirds. 

40  //iivr  iirr  also  Cfli-stial  Itodivs,  ami 
Unhi"*  tcrrc-*trial :  hut  the  Klorv  of  tlu- 
i-ili'stial  IS  oiu'.  ami  tlu-  ^/''i.v  of  the  trr- 
rcstnal  is  anoilu  r 

41  I'hcir  is  o!U'  v;'ory  of  thi-  sun,  iml 
anothiT  Klory  of  the  nioon,  and  aii  'llur 
v;;..r\  .ri  thr  -l.irs  .  t'.ir  rnr  ditU  iiih 
t'r..!n  .iii.'llhr  star  111  i;Ii'i> 

(J  S..  ■  IS  till'  n  surn  ctioti  of  the 
-1.1,1  It  i~  -•■un  in  corrilini' >n.  it  is  raisnl 
111  lui-orniption  ; 


r  ^ 


own  .luhi-ioii.  It  wotdd  hi'  o|Hn  to  the 
sanK-    irilHisni    as    ver.  lor   even  if 

liiere  were  no  resurrection,  the  sensual  hie 
wonhl  still  he  a  tragic  tnislake  I'.ii!  I'l-I 
ahly  I'anl  would  not  hinisell  ha\e  ad"i  '.  l 
this  l^picurean  couclusii  ,11  lie  is  simplx 
ilhistratiiiK  the  iiitliuiui-  >'i  crci  d  up, 'ii 
character.  Tlu  en  ,-d  "i  'he  t  .  Tinthi.ins 
w.is  alYeeled  h>  Imiiv  ln,ithr!\  .1  -  - ,  k  ;.cl  11 'lis. 
■riu\  m;i\  liaw  llioui;!-!  thai  in.illired  hi 
tie:  hill  not  be  misled,  i^r  it  in.iltcr- 
nutch.  it  leads  to  the  ih-lrii.<r.ifii  of  .-h-ti- 
aeter  —  evil  associations  corrupt  good  dis- 
positions—an iaiiiliu-  tine  luiih  VP1<""<* 
read  as  xpTiff"')  of  the  eoinie  po.  t  M<  11.111- 
(Kt.  wliieli  W'ltld  not  liour\rr  jTo-.e  ih.i' 
I'.imI  was  t.iinih.ir  with  Link  In.  r.ilnre,  .1^ 
th.'  hue  woiiM  h.-  ill  1;.  !i.  ral  en  .  ■ilr,  1.  11  as 
a  pfverh.  II.-  en. hid.-  llu-  .11  .^iiiiuiit.  .is 
oil. II.  ui'li  an  e\li.ir!.i'i..ii.  apl'e.iiiiii;  t.> 
tli..n.        ;iit..\icaled  nun.  to  awake  I'M 

■n  true 
n  sin 

III-  of 
W  llo-e 

ultimate    root    is    i..-ii,.i.iii<  r         ii  '<!  for 
«lespite  tile  wisdom  on  which  the  tonii 
thi. ins    pnde    iheiiiseh  es.    some    (t.ksi  — 
those,   for  examiile.  who  di-nv  the  resiir 
reetion  (ver.       also  tim?  1     are  involved 
in  texoKTii')  ignorance  of  God,  i-peei.hl> 

of  Hi-  power  to  ip.iickell  the  de.'ul  (.1    M  il 

x\ii  I  speak  to  move  you  wi-e  Co- 

rinthians to  shame. 

'/;;,    \'  .''ir-,-     '  t':r  A',-. » ir.-.'f 'H  /(.'i/y  I  N\ 

,v-  I"' 

r;,:il  is  u.ll  .iw.ir.-  th.il  "1-  pa--i-'n.i'. 
.iieiiiiunt  liia\  \e!  h'-  1 1 :  |ii.i! '  -.I'l-I'- 
th.  .1,  .  p  r.  ■  -i  d  s.-.  plu  :  111  .it  -  nu  ..|  th.- 
(  ..rinli  -  111-  t-i  whom  hotli  tlu  111. cm.  1 
I  TTu's  1  1.1  ih,  ti  si:i ,11011.  .iiid  tlu-  iiatiin- 
,.l  ih.-  I-.  -  -rr,  .-lU'ii  h,'d\    '  '  w.  r.  .liii-..- 

incMK-eivalile  ;  and  he  devoies  this  p.ira- 
g.-aph  to  a  renwval  of  these  dilHcnItie-. 


to  soberness  i  iiiv,  of  the 
aiul  proper  fashion,  and  cej 

1  pri- 


mi 


,  ,.  .if  ,  .,|j/,iiio-(/  .ihstineiu 
lelief  an<l  sensuality  (ver. 


showing!  that  ordin.iry  expi-rieiici-  iff"  1  fiir- 
mslies  an.iloi;!,  s  i.,  thr  r,  -  ii  i ,  .  ' :, -n  li.idy. 

35-38.  But  some  ,1  will  say, 
"  How  are  the  dead  rai.>ed? "     i  ;  -  pmi. 

v' ir  ditticulty  cetit<riii«  m  liu-  m.ii'io.  ,-f 
llu-  resui  reel  ion  li.ii.e  he  asks,  "With 
what  sort  of  body  do  they  come"  up. m 

liie  scriie  Willi  llu-  lioii>  wliu-h  u.is  I. ml 
!M  llu-  ur.isi'.  .ir  s.iiiu-  otlur'  llu-  (iieeks 
hilie\ed  111  a  siirM\al  ■•t  p>  r-.  iii.diH .  hut 
11.  I  111  a  /'--./i.'v  ri--iiri 1 1 1 1. 'I!  .it  .ill  the 
I'h.ii -.M-.  s  I..-h,  -.'e.l  lh.it  Ih,  r.n'-i'v  l"-dy 
«.  -:l,l  lu-  i.iised  a-,;. oil  I'.m!  .i  -.iiK  holii 
Ih  licls  ;  liu-i,  is  a  h.,.!il\  ri  s-u  1 . .  ! I. HI,  liut 
It  Is  11,. I  this  h,„|y  .•!  !!■  .!'.'</  '  -i/  I  ver. 
:;(ii  rh  it  Is  r.iisei'l.  .\iul  |.i  sinmhli-  at  the 
■  hllii  M/u  -  iii\.i|\ed  is  i.i,il:sli.  ami  h.  trays 
oiu  -    luc.  >iiipe!i-iu-e    to    ohserve  .ilialonits. 

Foohsh  om .  the  thing  that  YOU  sow 

It  lu  s  vvittmi  vi'iir  i'te»r  ( <"' )  experience,  if 
Soil  h.id  onlv  the  w  isdom  ( oi.'ipwc )  1..  leail 
It     is  not   made  alive   unless  it  die: 

i-\ery  s.uMUK  of  se.d  in\ol\i>  the  l.iilh 
that'  will  issue  out  oi  d.  ith,  the 
r.-sur.      .011    111  .  1 '    .  „  ,  I  -  r  ,;i    ■  .  >       -I  jiMse. 

i  And  the  res-.iM  .  ,  - 1- ,11      ■■' .    whi.  >i    -  1  n- 

c.-!\alile  to  the  ■ -1  m  .1  ■  -r.  ha-  >  -  ..!.  .1  ---'U- 
,i!-o  III  the  e\prruii.i  .1  ti;  As  for 

what  you  sow,  it  is  not  the  body  that 
is  to  be  that  you  sow.  but  -,••!!.  •!  n  ^  , ,  i  % 
,!iiTerent.  a  bare  grain  nr  .-,'  u,-'  ^-• 
.  '..tiled  with  til.  )"-ds  ti.  1-  -  I-  '  -  per 
haps  it..t  Ti  \in,  ,1  \:\  101  of  wheat, 
or  some  of  the  other  -e.  !-  But  GOD 
gives  it  in  .  -..  i\  .1-  I  pr  -  I  a  body. 
I  he  n.iture  ol  th'-  h"d\        ■!-  '-  tmtmd  hy 

•h.-  ,/-,  .-.I.'i'  .it   v-riatl"!;    I  "j"' \n.'<l-.  a'T  ', 

I ,,  II  1  II.  it  i-  as  He  willed,  and  n  is 
Ml  .\rrv  .-1-.-  -f I ii'^'oi-'.  to  each 
seed  a  body  of  its  own.     i  h.  f.  -.l  w';o 

tind-  a  li"d>  foi  the  'leail  l\er  .(t'l  .<.-.■(/. 
111. IV  s.,,ri  l\  i'l-  tritslrd  to  litld  .ill  .ippr, 'pri.iie 
ho.iy  tor  tlu-  'li-.i'l  »'(ii>l 

39-42.     llu  p"iiit  1-  now  .  1  ih.  .r.-r. 'I.  th 
lite    liod>     Is    .ippropn.ite    t-     llu-  iiatili. 
Anini.ds    -re  alike  111  heitiv;   l!e-!i  ,  hut  all 


no 


I  COKIXTHIAXS. 


[Ch.  XV 


4.!    Ii  i»      \Mi  111  ili^liuiK.nr,  It  i"  r.ii-nl 

ill    i.'iil>       It    1^    XIWIl    HI    \M•akIlC>^,    It  !■• 

r.ii'i  <]  111  pinvfr  : 

44  It  t--  -own  :i  naliinil  liudy,  it  is 
r.tix  il  a  --piritiial  Imil)  I  iu  ri'  a  natural 
liipily.  ami  tliiTi-  is  a  spiritual  li"<ly. 

4%    AihI  -II  il  i''  wnttin,    Ihi'  tirst  man 


Ailaiii  was  iiiaili-  a  Iimiik  m.iiI;  iIu'  last 
Adam  w,is  made  a  <|iiifki'mii^  >|iirit. 

.}')  Iliiulifit  that  ri'.i.<  iii't  tir^t  winch  i< 
spiritual,  hilt  that  which  is  nntural;  and 
at'tirwartl  that  which  is  spiritual. 

47  The  fir^t  man  is  ui  the  l  arth,  t-arthy : 
the  -oci'Tiii  man  i.s  the  l.onl  fr.>m  luavcii. 


flesh  IS  not  tlie  same  flesh,  li 
•  i  1,'     But  there  is  one  i 

of  tnen,  another  tJes.h  of  beasts,  another 
flesh  of  birds,  another  of  fishes.  And 

ihi-  appi "|iriat(iu->--  i>l  1"mI>  In  naliirc  i  \ 
ti;id-  lliroii^;lniiil  tin-  i"  >ti-i-:  it  i»  in, nil 
fc^li-d  III  till-  will  a--  "Ml  the 

t'^nlli.  Celestial  bodies  also  tin n  .irc, 
and  terrestrial  bodies.  It  i<-  doiihtml 
wliilliir  the  cele--lial  lu'dii-  ari-  t"  he  ex- 
plained a^  llie  ^1111,  iiii"'!i.  and  »lar>  las 
in  ne\l  \er-i).  or  wIuiIkt  we  ,iri 
ihink  of  tlie  linijiis  nf  aiiinK  (\rr  4~.  \hr 
111,111    1 1 '  Ml   111  ,1  \  <  • !  I  .    I  III     1(  ii  !  1 i      ■  c  111  ~  tin- 

iii.'ir  i>i.>|i,il'!'      But  the  jilory  of  the  ce- 
lestial is  of  one  kind,  that  of  the  terres- 
trial another    -ai;ain  the  law  <>\  pif pints. 
Aim!  \\i:1iiii  each  sphere  ilii-  '  n\  liM-  .i 
;iniiii.il-  ililfir  in  ll,.<h.     i      '  ., 
.i.i.hi  -   1-1  p.ji.r     there  is  one 

glory  of  ill.  ;;un.  and  another  glory  of 
till  moon,  and  another  glory  of  i!u 
stars,  for  star  differs  from  star  in  glory. 
SO  ALSO  is  the  resurrection  of  th 
dead.  I  lii^  i'-  tlu-  einnax  ol  the  ar!.:unient 
at  llii^  I". ml.  IC\ery«liere  llin 'iiylioiit  liie 
nniverse  liie  law  ol  propriety  reigns:  it 
this  that  explains  iialiire's  inlinile  \ariely: 
Sii  iiisi'  is  il  in  the  re^iirrectimi.  winch 
the  CoriiithiaiiN  tind  ^  >  hard  to  iiiuler- 
st.ind.  1  hi'  risiirrection  liody  will  In 
ditfnrnt  from  this  lii.iiy,  and  will  In  af- 
f<it>f'n,il,-  to  till'  resurrection  st.ite.  which 
lie    -oon    e\pl.iins    as    a    sf>iiitual  state 

43-44.  I  he  c.'i>tr.i-l  In  luirn  the  two 
Static  is  iii'w  -:!ikiiiL'l>  ^!.iU'l  in  a  ^'i' 
»if  I  li>  tlmiical  I.  ■! 

It  is  sown  in  corruption,  it  is  ,i--;:n.l!> 
(p!      I  raised  in  incorruption : 

It  is  sown  in  dishonor,  it  is  raised  in 
glory: 

It  is  sown  in  weakness,  it  is  raised  in 
power. 

l-'ri'lll  the  rel'ciince  in  l!ie  ,v/'''y  of 
tlie  re-iirrectioii  hmh,  il  i-  ch  ,ir  ill. it  Paul 

:-      dc.lht:^      .-liK       w'lili  ;!  =  .:!  .:rc 

t  liri^t'^  "  (\er  -'.!l.  I  111'  pri -I  111  .nul  llu- 
I'n'iiri'  ^l.ilr  .ue  I  irlicliaii!  I\  cl  1,11  ai  In  1 />  d 
I  .i.  ll  I'V  llitre  cpulli  i^  It  tile  sulnni;  lie 
l.iiMii  1"  n  II  f  1.1  luiri.il  (ct.  \cr  .!'il  tiieii 
the  tir-1  ihree  c'incenirale  pathetic  atten- 
tion upnii  the  deail  liody.    Others,  how- 


■  \  I'l'.  r    n  l"i  1  rrij  till 

I  ill  'llwil     I  lll^     1>     lllllil  I  ili.ll  I'.r. 
1-    pllil.lp^    lli't  c\clii>i\cl\ 
epithel^   vi;^yest   llie  l.iw  ui 
ciirriiplion  to  which  iiil  mir 
-llhiect.      The  reMirreCliiill 

ire>h  and  f.nr  and  strong. 


wini;    III  'i'th. 

ihc  riKiciice 
!ii  lutri.il;  the 
■.M  ,ikiii  ~-.  and 
e.illllly    life  is 
1 11  Illy    i->  ever 
I  he  pith  of 

tlie  coiiitast  1..  Contained  in  the  la^t  *tate- 
ineiu  : 

It  is  sown  a  natural  (or  unlmitl)  body, 
it  is  raised  a  spiritual  body.    A  -imilar 

ii'illrast  lielvxeeii  tile  n.iliii.i'  .iihI  ^pinli;at 
h.i-  alre.iily  lio  ii  drawn  111  ;■.  1,;.  W  r 
lia\e  iinliirtiilialilv  iin  ahI'I  wliuh  exactly 
ei  irre^pi  iluK  to  V  I  \iMii'.  I  lu 
1^   I'lle   wliuil   i-.  unSeniiMl  l.\ 

piiiuipli'  I  .|'  "till    -1  n-U' 


1 


lir' 
.111 
ti> 


111 


Il  is  llu   "  iniu  1  -idi 
'  '!i--i  II.  aiiii       I  'pp. il 
ly.  \\  Ir.  li  i>  v;.  .\  n  iird  !  >> 
iiTii.i;  iiral  pi  iiu  i|ilc.  .iiui  t: 

lll.ll    111'..       llu-    CillllM^I  1 

i\  I  .11  .  'Mr  111. ill  11. il  .111 
1  ^iipern.ilin.ri.     riii>  iluii 
till'  >ceplical  cnu^iiim  r.ii-i 


f  .vy.  Iiii  11.  .(ly 
lu-  *>  \V.  tlie 
1.1  iiMii-il.  irv 
.t    ;l:r  l!.-ll"" 

the  .»/•.•'.•.'«.;/ 
Trif  1  ml,  tile 
h.-  i:::..i,(iili  (■  ..f 
1^  iiiiiulily  that 
pintii.il.  natural 
-  the  aii-wcr 
1  111  \er. 


45-47- 

w  Inch  li 
-nvmc-ti 


il.  b> 


The  Imdy  in  winch  the  de.id  cmiie  is  nut 
their  e.irthly  hody.  hut  a  sfiniiiiil,  siiper- 
iiatur.il  |..id\.  appr. .pri.ite  tu  the  future  state. 
If  ire.idiim  ei  I  there  exists  a  natural 
body  1,1  Imdy  adapted  to  the  ^I'X^K  there 
exists  also  a  spiritual  body  la  hody 
ad.ipleil  to  tile  -irffifia};  the  law  nf  cof- 
re.-pond' ,ice  luaki  -  ilir  niie  as  credihlc  as 
the  otl'i  '-. 

1    liiuN    tlie    Contrast  upon 
■i-t!iig.  aillicipahd  or  at  least 
lull,  ii-  ~  -   tiHil  111,111  Iwiimc 
ti.r  tlic  ^akc  111   !  i>  c..iilra>t 

1     ...I'.l     I  '111  l-I,  ...|.!-      t'  ■  111 

i.i  '  ..'I'l  "  A'l  ,'i;  '  So  also  it  stands 
written,  "  The  first  man  Adam  became 
a  living  soul;"  the  l?-/.  Adam  a  life- 
giving  spirit.  A.l.mi  and  (,"liri-t  ,is  tlu' 
li.i.lcr^  111  tlir  iw..  luiniaintu-  ii.ur  al- 
ready lieeii  contracted  ( vir,  .VI.  I'.iiil 
reads  his  own  meaning  into  the  (ireek 
w.ird  r''XV:  \dam  is  the  n  pr.'-en!;i-r\  0, 
the  iii.iugurator.  of  life  on  il^  f.i-Vi .  ma- 
tt ri.d  >iiU'.  .\iid  in^t  ;is  surely  is  t'hrist 
the  inangnratiir  of  sf'iiituiil  life.  He  be- 
came not  s.nil.  hut  sfint,  and  not  simply 
a  living  spirit,  hut  a  /i/c-^'i;  iiij^  ati"!  I  ver. 
.5(1 1:  "in  Him  shall  all  be  made  aliv  " 


Cm.  XV I 


I  (  (HMNTIIIANS. 


Ill 


jS  .\»  :s  till-  tanliy,  Niuh  ,iir  tlu\  .il-i  51  liilii.lil.  1  slu-\v  ymi  .1  iiiy^tiTv  ;  \Vf 
iIkiI  ,Lii-  iMiili>     aitl  .!>  •>  ilii-  lh.iMiil>.  ii.it  all  sU-i-ji,  Imt   '.m-   ^li.ill  all  be 

■■m  il         thi  >  lii.it  ,i!  r  he. u  .  111)  rlniu.^l 

4i»  vM-  1m\c'  l.onif  tl.c  i!!1.il:<  .•t  5J  In  :i  iii.itiiir'.  ri  I'aid'i  ..|  a<< 
tile  c.irlln.  \s  r  -Ii.ill  .il^o  \n\ir  tlir  iin.i.;f  .il  llu'  l.i^t  iruni|i.  i'.t  ilii-  trmnpi  I 
..t  h,        nly  -ti.ill   -mm.. I.  .ili.l  .1.  ,n!    J    !!   1»    ,   1 

;i)    \..u   tli:^   i   -av.  Iir.tlir.Mi.  t!i.it  ih -'1    ru.  vriii  .|  iM,  .  .,n.!  u.-  ~!',ill  I.       .f>..  I 
:ip.l  III..... I  iMiiiL.t  iiiliiTii   tlu'  Isimjil.'in  oi       5;    1...-  'Ii.-  r.  >i  n!|i!il.lr  11".-'       •  .  ■  ■•, 
(i.i.l;   r.^'liiT   il.iili  c  .rriipM' .11   iiihorit   in- j  c- mi).!:..:'.  .111. 1   i!::-.   tii  .ri.i!  p  1  .ii 

Ci  irrii).!  ■,'>::  ]  i^iiiu.  .rtality. 

l\iT.   J.'i,     T'u    uli.-K    .!•;!•   ..f  '1  ,•  ar^M-    dom  of  God.  h!;,'    i-  .1  ■},.:'  t'  .Im; 

mrii!     -.;iUL;i-I-  llili-l    .in..iii.  ■!  nor.   mi   '^i,    n,!--,..    .'1    tliiiii;-    'T         ii:m  1. 

li..uir  .It    iii.l  l.>    lli^  i.-u!r<>:  '11     But  does  corruption  i\.r    jj  1  inherit  incor- 

liii-  r.  l.iti.''!  "t  (  liri-'  \. 1,1111  1-  ill  .1.  ruption.  I  h.  m.ii.  i  i  il  h.i-  n. .  <1. 1:111  l.v 
0..r.l;mr.'    w  'li    t'lr    u.  '    ;,il    pi  ;!i'  I'l.'    ''.1!     :  1^  iu-i  1 1  1 1:,  ,■    iii«.ii    tl:.     -piiirial  t  w .  > 

the  spiritual  is  not  first,  but  the  natural,   -p!u  ri  >  ari-  ilit'trtiiii      \nil  11. 1  .  nly  i-  an 
,111.1  then  the  spiritual.    Ami  a-  \.l  mi  an.l   .■•lur  !"..ly  i-oni-fivahK-   ( vv.  .^51.),  it  is 
t'liri-l   ihiliT  iiiii>   111   iiaturr,   .-n  .!..   lln-y  n(iH~-ary. 

<lnT.  r  ill  li  .!>  ,    The  first  man  is  of  tin-       5153.     i'aul'-  iin.li  r-tan.lmi;  ..f  lli..  traii- 
earth,  nia.l.   of  the  dust:  ilu-  tr,iii-l,iii..n  >iti.>ti  tr..iii  tlir  ..11,  l...il\  i.i  tlir  .itluT.  lit- 
"..|    ilu'  tartli,  earthy"   .>ni;v;i'>l>   t"   llio  I'laims  to   liavi-    riciiM'<l  thrnn«h 
Engli-li  riatU'r  that  tlu-  (irci-k  noiiti  ami   lii'n.    Behold-    what  lu-  i..  almiit  t.i  -ay 
ad.jictive   are   cnjjnato.    Tliis    i«   11..!  c1<«itvi  s  i-pii-ial  attiiitioii  -   1  tell  you  a 

XOiKot  is  meant  to  recall  X"'  ''  dhi-i »  ..f  ,  mystery,  dark  tn  the  uninitiated,  revealed 
tien.  ii.  ".  In  contr;i-.t  with  the  nian  "..f  t.i  him:  we  shall  not  all  sleep  tie  .//••. 
the  diHt,"  the  second  man  is  of  heaven,  j  >  i.  \i  ,\n\.  but  we  shall  all  be  changed. 
Strictly  spf.'ikintr,  the  coiicepti.  m  lu-n-  i  In  nna.jriiiiL;  thai  -..iiU'  w.nilil  he  ali\e 
hienl    (cf.  «'t).  hilt   the  context   -((  in-  t.'    >  n  1     .  a:  thr  ciniini;  of  l'hri-.t, 

nei'e-<iiate  tlir  1  ir'j.  r  reference  to  C'hri-t's  Pan!  rli-ar!\  i  \pi.  !^  thai  cmiiiL;  -....11  hut 
ilea\enly  iiatnii  :  ll>  has  a /iiMtv«/y.  nnma-  a-,  that  .xiir.'at'.  .n  wa--  n.  >t  fnllill.-.l,  the 
terial.  spinliKil  h..ily  i;.-.,t,.'      i'..  ;n.|  irai>l.  rr.  .!  \ISS 

48-49.    Tli.'-i'   two    Mill    ar.'    'hi-   :;>•■■■  !'.•■   tir-l    cLri-.'   !•   l'.     -'•■■■■[.  O.r..^ 

viiila'l   .  -  .  f  1\|H^.   ,,1.1  as  is  the  man  of    t  ;  ;    ::!;  naiT,^  (M'l'l  ol-  ^o<M'?"';^'..a'".■    IT  ri-ft 

the  dust,  such  are  also  the  men  of  the  i' aW    '?a..<.f"a  int..  irdfTfti  uoiuiwic""*"'". 
dust;  and  as  is  the  heavenly  m.in   such  "i'   r-        av\    (    ,•  ,(/,,.!•  ,,//  1,1,, 
also  are  the  heavenly  nu  n     11,.    ;  ;m  -    -ImII  n.it  ,iil  1><  i  h.ini;.'.|  t      \-  t'l.-  pM  M  iit 
-hare  tlu-  ii,r-ir.    ..f  tia';r  I.M.l.r     And  as  1-   n,  .t   til    t.,r   th.'    t'"Mr.    u-iM.  :'! 

we  wore  the   image,   il'.    •  '■\\,ir.l       1  ..n!\  tlu-  .l.  i.l  i,i~  1-  n,i':T,l.. 

h.i.liK  t'-'ini.  of  the  man  of  dust,  we  shall  al-..  'wv^x^  -!>,il'  i,,  ,!  .,ni.',,i  in  a  mo- 
also  wear  the  eh  ri  n-  image  of  the  ment  -  •  1' :  i  '  .cirouwi. 
heavenly  <  im-t  I11-1..11I  .  f  '.'topicronti-,  in  the  twinkling  of  an  eye,  at  .lit  to 
many  l:.'.>.!  MSS.  n-.i.l  :''op<au}utf,  Irt  ii.t  '  the  ace.  niipanmien!  ..ii  the  last  trumpet 
til'./''.'  ii'-il  t!ie  ni'.ral  ;ipp.  al  1-  ratlu  r  irr.  le  let  t  I'he-  iv  li.l,  the  tiiinip.  t  ia»--> 
vant  lur.'  I'anl  1-  here  eonclii.liiii;  .•uul  eiali'.l  with  the  ihwiu-  appe.iraii'f  111  l",\Mii 
snmiii.ari.'ini;  hi^  ariiiini  til  fi.r  'he  po--i-  \i\  |f.l  wlii.  h  hriiii;-  ht-t.ir>  to  ,m  ,  ii./ 
hility  ami  natitre  ot  the  resurrection  ho.ly.  lirf    .Mat    \\n     .?l  1     For   the  trumpet 

I  shall  sound,  and  the  dead  shall  be  raised 
I  incorruptible  and  tlu  r.'i.i'-.'  tit  t.>r  the  .  ter 
PtJtli  is  .v.. .;//.':, iif'  m   J"i,-.'."v   (  w.   n  .1  ■,■.;!!.  and  we  ulu.  ate  ah\r  shall  be 

:;<)-_:;><).  changed.      \n.|    ell.iM'.;.-    !-   I'.-.  .  -  ,,ir\  .  for, 

'  ,  .-.I'  M    1!;.       IS   11"  pl.i.u-   llu-re    lor  Ih'sh 
50.    (hie    (pii  -ti.  .n     r, 'nam--.    .\ti;il.  .i;ies   .;)!./  /•.'.'■■i/.  this  corruptible  must  put  on 
!ia\e  heeii  otTeri  .1  t..  -lu  w  that  the  re-ur-  incorruption  and  this  mortal  iiiii-t  put  on 

rectlotl   lioiU    Wlii   ililter   troin   the  e.ariiilv  immortality.     ilu                1-  a  r'l'':':-:  '". 

ho<K  :   h..w   will   the  chaniji'   lie  i  tteete.!'  a-    of    .1    >j,iriiu  nt     In    '!i.-        nhle    toi  to 

I',,,f,.ri'            i;'u-",,n         t,.;uluil.   lunvv'"-.  ■■h'-l.    I',i"l   in.i\    !.,■   '  1 1- '•!■,■  n<j   ..f  In-  .nvii 

,    ,!-'i,.,      -  ■    !,i:-      la-u -'ini'",-'  ,  1  '         l.,..!v,  .!,.!\   .xi,.,-,.!  •..  I  ir-i-hip  ii-. 

Now  this  I  affirm  <   i         ."i'.  brethren,  .  i;i  a'. I  .I'  :'li  1  \i    ;ii     l'..r  t!u'  L;l..r> 

that  llesh  and  blood,       •       ■•  r   ii  i-n  ,  ,  'h,-  hi. •!.  .1   I  im  \ii       .111. 1  for  their 

niatirial  Ii.kIus,  cannot  inherit  the  king-  i.iir  rohe-.  Kev  111  4.  m  11,  vn  ./ 


112 


I  COUINTIIIANS. 


|Cii.  XV 


54  S"  hIuii  tlii^  I'TniiitiMi'  -li.ill  li;ivi' 
put  iMi  uh  I  ■rniiilii 'II.  .iikI  ilii^  iiiMrt.il  >liall 
Ii.'n  r  pill  ■'11  iiiiiii.  iil.ilil) ,  ill.  II  'li.ill  111' 
hiMiiulii  III  p.i-^  'Ik  -.iMiii.;  l!  .n  i^  written, 
l)i.illi  i-       .illi     <  il  111'  111  viitiiry. 

55  (»  ilr.iili.  \\lhri  i.v  iliy  sting?  O 
|;i  ,i\  c,  u  Inn   (A  lli\  \  II  I'  'i  v  ' 

5'i  Mil-  -iiiii;  I.I  ili.iili  IS  sin:  and  tlio 
'II 1  iii;lli  I  if  'ill  /.V  till-  l.iw . 


57  I'iiit  tliank.s  /'.•  t.i  (ioil.  wliicli  niNctlt 
lis"  tlu'  victory  throuKh  our  Lord  Ji*u« 

C'liriM 

5S  lluriturr,  !ii>  lull 'Mil  Iti  llirni.  In- 
yi'  'l(  .I'll.i-I.  iiiiiiii  i\ I  .il'Ii  .  ,iK\.i>'  .ilpoiiniliiiK 
111  ilir  «  "ik  I'l  till  L.Til.  I<ir,i'«iiiiu-li  as  vf 
kiiiiw  ili.ii  Mnir  l.ilii.iir  i->  not  in  \ain  in 
the  Ijird. 


54.  Alrraily.  111  mt  5 1,  ran!'-  wnfiN 
havf  lifKilii  til  lake  ml  a  rli\ lliiini'  ami 
piirlii-  'Wiiil;.  uliu  h  ili  m  I"].-  in  llir  iicM 
fmir  M  I -I  -  ml"  a  ! niiiii|i!:.iiil  li\iini  I't 
|irai'(  But  when  this  corruptible  shall 
have  put  on  incorruption  itlii'  iIium 
r<nittil  Umii  llif  li  vt  "I  W(''i.ill  all'! 
Iji'rl.  aiiil  »iiiy  I'f  a  ci  ..n"niialii 'ii  to  \i.r. 

5.;;  I'll!  II-  .illi -lati.'ii  I'  l;  1.  ami  it-  n-!i.i 

lit  MT,  5.i  ailiU  to  llir  'I'll  limits  I't  llic 
|ia"a'.^i  I  and  this  mortal  shall  have  put 
on  immortality  in  ilu-  inniiuiii  "f  that 
swift  aiicj  'I'lt  iiiii  rliaiim' then  shall  come 
to  pass  the  aiu-ii'iit  propiutic  word  that  is 
written  in  is;iiah  xxv,  S,  "Death  was 
swallowed  up  •-.>  as  to  issuo  in  («'t)  vic- 
tory." TIh'  wiifiis  in  Isaiali.  as  now 
piiiiitfd.  riad  "  Hi'  liath  swailowi'd  up  'Icatli 
fi'r  c:  rr  "    Tlif  Cin  rk  translation  i(>i/i>  :  ii - 

tiiiy  pill  till-  Al.illl.iu-  tlu.illiim  llp.'M  tllr 
llrliriu    uonK  I'lil    llu'   r  — iiilial 

lllfailinv;  1-  H"!  .illi  n  il  -  -  ili  atli  is  ti'lri  ly 
di-sln  i>  111 

55.  l  lu-  llii'iiulit  iif  llu'  ili  sli  iirti"ii  1. 1 
ilialli  liy  llu-  \ii-ti'r>  111"  l  lin-t  kiiull.  s  I'a.il 
to  till-  most  cNalu-il  iiilliiisiasm  llr  nirn- 
ilrliaiillv  to  ili-atli.  ami  ,isks,  in  an  aiUp':; 
li'  ii  "I  i!ii-  woiiK  of  I  lo-i-a  (  Mil  1.)  I 
••  O  Death,  where  is  tliy  victory?  O 
Death,  where  is  thy  sting?"  in  tluir 
i'11'.^iiial  ."!'!•  \l  ill  ll"-i.i.  tlu-  uonls  aji- 
prar  I"  liavi-  a  \  >  r\  .lirii-n  ii!  iiu  aniii-,a  : 
till-  pouirs  of  ilialli  an-  simimoiK-il  to 
i-iiisli  impriiilriit  I-r:ir!  '•Ilitlirr.  (> 
iliaili.  willi  tliv  plau--.-'  lliiini.  (>  Sln.il 
I  s"  111  -I'liii-  MS.'s  "t  (  "V  //i;,/i-.\  in  sr.-- 
I'lnl  i  laiisi- >  with  tliy  dcst niiM ion  ;  fur  pit> 
is  hi'jiK  n  froni  iniiu'  i-yrs."  I'.iiil  is  lu  ro 
Uiiidi'd  as  usual  I  tlioiii;li  not  always:  tin- 
(irok  viTsion  of  Is  \\v  S,  inst  (|noti'd, 
riads.  "ill  illi  lias  prtvaili'd  and  swaliowid 
InuMil  iip  'l  liy  tho  Si-pliinKint 

56.  57.  Dcalli  is  like  a  .niant  sinrpion 
with  1  v'.i.':,  "  now  the  sting  of  death  is 

sin  it  was  till-  tli.-|t  liroii^;lit  ili-atli  into 
tlu-  worM  (  K'oin  \  iJtT/>.  and  l!u-  f.-ar 
«if  iiulMiiii'iii  !'  '  sill  iiu-ri-,isi  s  t!u-  stipi; 
and  till'  I-.o- :  r  I  '!r,i!li  and  the  power 
of  sin  is  the  law,  i"r  !i'r"iiL:l!  il'r  1  n\ 
canu-  till'  ktiowli-iim-  "!  mh.  i'l  all  's  ]k.i 
teutons  pow-cr.  as  (iisnlifdit-ni-o   (if.  Koin. 


\ii  711',  li.il  111  11)1,  But  till-  po\M-r  of 
llu-  lau.  -111.  .iiul  iK-.illi  arc  lirokrr  I'V  the 
n-siTi  n  111  11  villi. ly  o|  lliii-t.  ami  thai  \u-- 
I'.ry  Is  -li.ii ,  ,1  ||..  ill.  .-1  :  h.it  .11. ■  1 1 1-. 
Thanks  be  unto  God  who  giveth  us  the 
victory  through  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ, 
('id  \ii-l..iv  oMi  ill. nil  Is  a  Kill,  ot  (ii.il, 
uoil  tliro'iKli  ihiist:  ,111.1  tliiiiiKli  .Ml  t-n 
|oM.-d  oiilj  III  fi.nl.isU-.  it  Is  sure  1  lu'iu-i- 
/>)-,■.«,  SiRufTt),  riio  urcat  \'icl.ir  is  >.ol- 
i  iiiiily  naiiu  d  in  full  -  iiHr  /.../</  Jrsus 
C ''((/.«/  —  and  willi  this  slioitt  of  iriiinipliant 
nr.iiitiidi-  the  spli-iidid  arKiinicnt  do  .<-s. 

58.  I'liit  to  r.iul  Christian  In  pf  is  an 
iiispii ,iiion  to  duty,  and  it  is  highly  cliar- 
aou-iisiu-  and  sinnirk-.-int  tli.il  lu-  draws 
from  Ins  ^;rr;it  ar«iinuiit  .1  pr.n-tical  imii- 
v-liisii.ii  So  then,  my  beloved  brethren, 
show  yourselves  steadfast,  immovable, 
tiii-li.i'is' -1  l'\  s^■l■|l:K-al  ,i--a--l:-  .iii'.ii  tlii'  rcs- 
iirr.  .  ■,  11  .\\.  ij.  .(51  f  •!  i;  ;-  sure  — 
■  iml  11. .1  i.i;l,  ill  lu-'ii'f  iiii-l.,iki-ii.  l.'it  ill  ,■•»- 
c/ii,  /  .il-..  friii'i!.],  abounding  evermore  in 
the  work  of  the  Lord,  i!:,it  uliuli  lie 
I,"-. '  -  111-  -'  i", .:!!:-  .  .1"  ■  .  1  \\  1  II.  inas- 
much as  ye  are  i        aware   i.-p..  :.ill\ 

iitl'i   I'a-il-  1..;  ii'l  pir-":i-!\'   ,i- l;i'.iii.  111  1. 

that  your  toil  is  not  empty  in  the  Lord, 
:is  il  w.'iilil  1.1  -t  ilu  ir  urn-  no  ri-^iirrrclioii 
I  i-f  \\,  |ii.  I  \\'-rk  il'.iii-  /''.',•  /.'I-,/, 
in  fi'low-iiip  Willi  llu-  risi  11  .I'l.l  'niiiir'li.nit 
(  lirist,  I'.iimi.i  1.1-  ;i;;);.  it  li.is  .1  -nn.-  pl.u-c  111 
tin-  eternal  world  (cf.  vor.  jjh). 


Thf  loni,;,  sustained.  ,1111!  Blowiivi;  ;irKii- 
tiieiit  of  I'aiii  for  the  resurrection  shuw-s 
how  \it,d  lie  felt  it  to  lie  to  Christi;in  faith 
.•mil  life  (of.  vv.  t4,  17),  and  it  is  w-firthy 
of  note  that  ho  hoKins  his  artriinieiit  liy 
liuililimr  it  tiiMin  o\  idenoe  Tin-  Christian 
faith  is  not  .t  pious  imapination.  it  rises 
out  i  f  tlu   f:u-'s;  aiul  tluui.jli  r.  r'  liii  pli;ises 

.vf    <  -Iiri.t  ;•,..;»  V    h.  tried    !..     .'•  .Ur  f!let?1 

-i-Im-  fill-  .'f  li'-I.irN.  til.-  ( '!:ri-M,i.ii'y  of 
lllr  \"i  -A  i'l -'.'Illi  lit  r.  -t-  i;):  11  t.i.-'-.  :ind 
i-..iili|  II.. I  li:i\e  lieeil,  if  tlu  y  hail  never  been. 
Tin-  I'llii'f  in  till'  resurreetion  rests  upon 
III'   f.u't     //(■  ti-,;,<  .trrii  (  ver.  s> 

We  to  i|,-iy  still  share  the  niriositv  of  the 
Corinthians  who  asked:  how  aro  the  dead 


Ch.  XV] 


I  CORINTHIANS. 


113 


raised?  and  Paul's  answer.  thiniKli  not  cx- 
iiuustive.  is  sJill  s»ikki><ivc.  V\  hat  a  >i>ir- 
itual  ImhIv  is.  we  may  luit  In-  able  to  iiii- 
UKiiH';  l>n'i.  Ml  .iiiv  rate,  it  ri  iiiam-  inu-  lli.il 
imr  tiiiuii'  oiiiililiiiii.  liUi-  ■'iir  iiu-uii,  uill 
III-  ail.iplcil  til  iiiir  cm  iri iiiiiu  111  I  li.ii 
till'  f-M  iHi-  111  l'aur>  .11 '^ii'.tin  III .  I  III'  lutiur 
ImiK  will  ii"t  In-  llii>  i.iillily  <im-.  Iml  .ui 
titlii  r  ;     1-  .01,1,1       ,  h,ni.,,  ii 

Al^.llll.  llli'  |i"UiT  111  ;lr<<l  to  mlllliiu-o 
ciiinliu  l  1^  ^iMi.il  I;^h^  -livm -u  il  in  liic 
ciiur>t  ui  ilic  di-cii^  'ioii.    ililiit  111  llic  rcs- 


j  iirriitiiiii  111  rvi-  .1  ni.ni  t"  liulit  with  wiM 
lif.i»t>  (Vet    ,U' I  .inil  1.1  ,il...nii.l  in  al!  c  I 

i  anil  lullft'utnl  Wllll^  (\  .  r>i-i.nii..M 
ni.i\  In-  liraMlv  Imrii'.  .nul  «i.ik  yiially 
lii.tu-  liV  iillc,  '.villi  ila^.  iii.i  I'a'll.  iIk' 
l^ii.IliillN    M-imi    111    CliM-!     \U|..IIii'l>  I'MT 

il.  iih.   a|i;.>arnii^   t..  ili  I  '..  1    i!  1  kiii«i|i'iii 
Ill-  I'.illur  -  li.iiiiU   iwi  -I'lMir- 
nii^.  In    lli>  Miliirv.  a   llki    viii..i>    lor  us 
(  .iT    571.  .iiiil  liir  uiir  wuik  .1  [11  riiiaiii.iil 
i|>l.icc  in  the  eternal  orUcr  i\*:r.  58). 


114 


[('II.  X\1 


C()XCLL*DI\(;  I  NS  I  KICTIOXS.  S ALL'TATIONS.  AND 

ni:.\Ki)kTU).\  ( svi>. 

C"H  \I'II"R   I'l  i    5  '         '"'ii''  iinto  yiiu.  wlu-n  I 

-li.ill  p. I-     ihi.         M,ii-«.t!iiiii;i :  for  I  do 
I     N'l.w  ( Mti(-rriiili«  llir  rollri  tidii  fur  tin-  tiiri'nuli  M;nl  iluiii.i 

"•^iiiil-.    .1-    I     li.ui     KIM  II    .'I'U  r    til    llic       (i    Anil  i!  lie  tli:it  I  will  Mliiilo.  yea, 

ili'iiil'i  ■  I'l  <Ml.iti.i.  I'M  II  ^'1        M'.  .mil  \\m!ir  uiili  ymi,  tli;it  \r  in.i\  luiiii;  nir 

I  pi'ii   ill'    lii^l   i//\'  i'l   ilii    w  1  1  k   li-t  j  oil  iii>  ii'iriuy  u  liitlur~t  n  MT  I  K'< 
CM  r>  iiiir  ..|  \..ii         liy  liiiii  ill  ^liin-.  ;is  ,  I-'t    I   uill  u- -re  mmi  ii..a    \i\  ilic 

li.iili  |irM,p,i..|  Inn.  that  tliiTi'  In  hh  :  Iml  I  irn-t  i,.  tarry  a  whilo  witii  you, 

^;.i!liri  iiiu-  will  II  I  i  iinir.  |il  ilir  Lmil  in  rniit. 

.!  Villi  wliiii  I  iMiiic.  \\liiiiii-in \ir  \i-  S  l!ni  I  will  tarry  at  KphcMis  until 
-li.ill  .ippruM-  li\   yic   Kllir>,  iluiii  wi'l   I    I'cnlm > -t. 

M-iu!  to  lifiiiK  yotir  lilii-rality  ititio  Ji-ni  <»  l-'or  a  iirr.ii  .!..i.r  .iii.l  it'l.iinal  i- 
salfi"  iopiiiiil  unto  IMC.  aiiil  ilur,-         many  a<l- 

4    Anil  if  it  III'  nu'ct  tliat  I  ^o  also,  tiny  |\or-iaric8. 
•iliall  Ko  with  nil-.  i 


I  he    ColiCiti.'il    f.'i     ill,'    J,-i  It.usliill    /'.'  r''i'in  .It  tile  I'liiirrli  NiT\ii-i's     'riii-  .ai!\ii-i'  i-i 

(xvi.  1-4).  'p-iniiil  .am!  pr.utu-.il     ,\iJi   mk'.   |  r  as 

I  "ill  a^  lull.  I  iy.  I'll  ,:,iy  tir-l  d.iy 

I,  2.  l-"rr-li  Iroii!  Iii^  jjrr.il  .iri;niiuiit  tur  nt  ilic  wiak,  the  i|a>  uluii  the  |Ii"!i.l;Ii'| 
tlu  I  i^nrii u '11.  I'.iiil  iiniiuih.ili  1\  iiii"iii^  ot  the  rf-iirrci-i  u  m  "I  I'lin^l  iw)  -lu'iild 
iipi'ii  llii  (  "I  111! 111. Ill -.  till  pr.u  iu  .il  il'.ilj  nf  t"iii-|i  nu  n'^  lu  .irl-.  t"  pn'iili.ir  tir.ititiulf : 
i-"iilnli!ilini.;  tn  tiic  tiiiaiii-ial  Mipp.'it  ol  ilu'  j  tin-  i-,\^ii!,ir  ai'  'iniiil,iti"!i  ot  i-Mii  a  ^ni.ill 
IM.or  l  liri-tiaii>  at  JiTii'-.iK  111  u  f.  Ki nr.  |  weekly  --nni  U"iili|  in.aU.  a  sl.'ir:  ami  ih,' 
x\-.  .fi,  .ill  Now  concerning  the  collec-iKift  w:i-  to  In-  a  /r,i.<  .i;,;'-/,  mk'.  1-  pr.'ii.T 
tion  for  the  saints  3«,  ci.  vii   i,  viii.   tioii    to   tlie   jin '-pi-riiy    wliu;,    (Iml  li.ul 

I.  xii.  I  :  Pan!'--  .iflvicf  on  tlii>  p.'.  it  liail  uraiucd  a  man.  I  lii-  oolKcliun  is  to  In- 
prolialily  lu'i  ii  a^ki  d  ).  riii>  sitih'.  a  violent  i  ready  wlien  I'anl  arrived  —  his  precious 
transition  from  the  <x.:Iiid  theme  of  ch.  'time  must  he  ni\en  to  other  matters. 
^^  !)nt  the  eoimeelion  1-  most  intimate:  |  3,  4.  Tlu  C'lleetion  was  to  he  taken  to 
This  is  p.irt  of  th'  :,■")  /,■  Ihr  l.o.  d  ( \v.  ;  Jenisalem  hy  approved  Corinthian  dele- 
5S1,  uliu  h  I-  I.  Ill  'I  n.  .  'i  M  .ill  Cliristi.in  v.it.  -  And  on  my  arrival,  those  dele- 
\\"ik.  111  ilii  ii:~]iii .1'  ' -11  .if  ill.  restirreetinti  .  i;,it' -  whom  you  may  approve,  I  shall 
hi'lH'  I  lie  rliiiii  li  .1'  I'l;;  ,Kiii  s,  1 111^  I'l  send  with  till  /y  r,;r,t>ix  \  letters  to 
li.i\ f  l.reii  p.artiiiil.irly  p' .iii'l  ilii  lull iK  11  carry  your  gift  to  Jerusalem.  Paul 
I'l  llu'ir  Mippi'it  was  lar'.^i  I>  l.i'd  upon  tlu-  wishes  t"  l.'  ti .  >  m'  i\rii  tlu  -ha'I'iw  of 
•  I'  litilr  ilinirli'^  1.1  I  i,d  n  lol  I  lidiT  1  siispji-ion  I  j  (\  \\  \;n.  ji  1  1  ;  In m a  l,i-  snu- 
tlu  -tiir.iilii-.  "i  Tanl.  ("tit ril ml i"i is  w a  re  '  sii, m  i,)"  ,!,  Iv  L'ati  v  \\  1  -li--  11  and  Hurt 
I'lajini  1.1  .itni'iiLt  llir^r  clninlu-^  ( ef.  Koiii.  put  a  cutiinia  al'lir  5i'  tm(!To\u.'i\ — ",-»7.,.;/( 
w  -■'!.  wiiuli  win  piili.ips  iiitinilc'l  y,-  i;/-/"  l'\  IiIi.ts"  r.itlur  than  "  /  .a;// 
paill\  I"  Mtaii'^tlhi!  till'  li.'iid  l".l\\i-.n  tlu-  sri:,i  \\\\\\  hihTs;"  hut  tlun-  U"'ild  he  lii- 
'I'li'ili  ai!il  'la-  |.  \\ '-I1  cliiiia-lh'-  i.-f  _-l',.r  tli-  P'unt  ill  t'lr  .a]ipr"\al  h\  l''!rr.  i;',',-)- 
i\  1-  If  As  I  save  order  to  the  i'.nd  h.i.i  .di,  a!,  .ni  i  l  But  if  it  is 
churches  of  Calatia  i  t  tln^  i'i.l,i  \n  worth  my  while  to  go  too,  they  shall 
lia\c  nil  n  o.iiil  so  also  do  ye.  I  la-  pl.m  go  with  me:  it  the  i;;tt  w  ,a  11 '  ditahle 
silt;-.  -'.'1  a  i,  \,l^'i.':i  .,|  Va^.W  in-iiiu-t  mir.  hnt  ii"t  ntiK'-^  —  r.aitl  w  ill  ;ua-"iiip;iii\- 
t"'    i      '  •   '  On    every    (^aTal    ili,-   di  piii.ati.'ii.   or    ratlu  r    tli''\    him  lit 

first  day  of  the  week.  n.  t     r!  rr-'  larlv    h.'th  el.nisi  s  he  .i.;entl>.  hut  tirnily.  asserts 
kii.'un  .1-  .'/.,'  i.til's  ,l.iy  1  k'.  ^    i    ...^  let   I'is  disinity  —  cliirnitv  withoitt  priile. 
each  of  you  lay  -."im  ihiitL:  by  him.  mak- 
ing a  store  of  it,  whatever  he  may  be  ' 

prospered  in.  that,  when  I  come,  there  /V.n.'f  f.>r  Ti,;:  .-I'ii:-  iwi.  ^--i). 

may  not  THEN  be  collections  going  on. 

In  .\ets  XX.  the  church  meets  on  the  5-9.  But  I  will  come  to  you,  when  I 
first  d.iy  of  the  week:  from  the  iniunetion  shall  have  passed  through  Macedonia, 
here  to  ea.h  man  to  lay  up  .''v  liiiiisrif.  we,  for  1  am  to  pass  through  Macedonia,  but 
may  infer  that  tlicrc  was  then  no  collcc-  1  with  you  people  of  Coritith  I  slwU  ptT- 


Ch.  XVI] 


I  (HmiXTIIlAXS. 


115 


10  Now  if  rimntliftt*  ciittu',  m*c  that  In-  15  I  Ih'mtoIi  ynti,  hn-thrcn,  (yc  ktiow 
may  Iht  with  you  willnmt  tiMr:  iKr  lu-  tlii'  Imn^i  .i|  Slf|>limia»,  that  il  is  tlio  fir>t- 
workctll  thf  work  of  llu  I  .  tiI.  .1^  I  aKn  ti  r    frnil-  "l    N.li.ti.i.  :uu\  lli.it  ilu  v  .hI 

It  l.ft  no  man  ilii  ti  t..Tr  .li  ^pi^c  liim  ilui.  .!  iIimh-i'm^  i!u-  iiminiry  of  tin- 
hitt  con.lni-t  hitii  forth  m  I'l  .nc.  tl' 1!  In  in.iv  ' 

come  iiiilo  iiu' :  fur  1  look  tor  liiiii  vMtli  ilic  '  \''  lli.it  ^iiliimt  jimh-i  unto  ^iiili, 
lircthnii  11''  t  .  '\.i>  on»-  that  hcliirth  with  us.  ami 

I  J    ,\>   '..filnn'^   .'iir  liri.llur    \|iiill"'.    I    l.il  'mi  1  i  li 
>jlv.ill>  •li^iii  'l  liini  \'-  (■•illii-  iititM  y<\\  Willi        17     I   ,1111  r!  I'!  "I   tin-  (■lining;  i>{  Sirpli 
till-  lintlir.n:  I'lii  In^  u.i^  ii^'t  al  all  t"   aiia^    ami    '    :'Miialii«   ati>I    Aohatrn-  l^r 

loiin-  at  '1m-  tinu  .  liii'  1:,  uill  i-unio  whfii  itii  it  wliiili  vva-  lackitiK  on  ymir  part  ihi'v 

lie  -liall  Iia\c  riiininhnt  Imii'  lia\r 

I  !    \.'at'  '.i  >r.  -t  iii'l  fa-t  in  the  faith,      iS    l-'^r  tin  \    Ikh  1    ni'n-lh  il  tin  -iunt 

)|ii;t  will  liki-  iiK  11,  In'  ••ttoiin-  ami     vmirN       l!nrr|..ri-     ai  kiii  w  li  ilm  \f 

14    I  <  i  all  y>ur  things  l)o  rfone  with  thorn  that  arc  stirh. 
charitv. 


h«pt  stay,  or  even  epend  the  winter, 

in  jioiiit  of  fact  he  si)ciit  Ihnc  iiimhiIi,  111 
(Irmi-  (  Alts  XX.  ,U  -that  YOU  may  j 
send  me  oil  upon  any  journey  that  I  may 
take -  - .II  I  n-aliiti  ami  cm  ii  Kunii-  uin-  at  I 
till-  iniii-  III  III-  till ■imlits  (Ai-i-  M\.  .Mi  l 
III'  (liu-  iiiit  no  ilini't  li>  llu-  -i-a  iiiulr 
Iriiiii  |-'.|il!i--ii-  til  (.'i.tiiitli.  littt  tir-t  ti> 
Mai-riliiiiia.  anil  tlun  vniith.  Ti'ii  i-  in  Imili 
la-i  -  iiii|iliatii' ;  lu  Iiiiniir>  tlii'  < '1  ^riiil  liian- 
li>  liiiikiiii;  ti>  t!i,  m  fur  lu^  -i  iiil  ulY." 
VoT  I  do  not  wish  to  see  you  now  nu  ri  ly 
in  passing,  a-  I  slimilil  urrr  I  in  t;i>  lu 
.M.u-rilcima  via  (  Miin;li;  for  I  am  hoping 
to  stay  with  you  some  Kiuitli  ui  time, 
should  the  Lord  (proliaMy  Christ.  ratluT 
than  Gii(l)  peririt  (of.  iv.  i')>.  But  I 
shall  stay  on  in  Ephcf  's  till  Pentecost 
—  Wliit^iimiilc :  he  is  w..  iiij?  pniti.iMy  m 
early  spring.  For  a  door- -an  opportunity 
for  preaching  the  gospel  (Col.  iv.  ;  J  Cor 
ii.  1  J)— great  and  effectual,  »  open  to 
me,  and  opponents  there  are  ^nany. 
I'aul's  reasons  for  remaining  on  char 
acteristif, —  a  great  opporttniity  anil  great 
opposition:  liow  j;reat  the  opposition  may 
he  nieasiifiil  liy  the  riot  which  compelled 
him  to  leave  ( .\cts  xix». 


Coiucniiitg  Tiiiii'thv  diid  Afiolli's  (xvi.  10- 
"ij>. 

10-11.  If  Timothy,  ulnnn  I', ml  IimI 
snit  III  I'l.rintli  (  iv.  171  li\  ua;.  "I  M.n  i' 
ili.ni.i  (  Ai-'s  \i\.  JJ)  with  I->,i-tM-.  should 
corr:C,  see  that  he  be  with  yon  without 
fear  -  lu-  w.i-  yminL;  .•iiul  may  lia\  r  lu  i-n 
tiniiil.  t  -pfi-i,ill>  in  \  u  \v  uf  tlu'  t  nriiillnaii 
fai-lioii-  ami  1  nrlnili  lu-i — for  he  is  doing 
the  work  of  the  Lord  (n\  5'^)  like  my- 
self. Let  no  man  therefore  despise  him, 
but  send  him  off  in  peace,  v,  hImiii  -trite 
and  contention,  that  he  may  come  to  me, 


for  I  am  expecting  him  with  the  brethren 

-i  illur  till'  liretlireii  i-niiif  lu  -idi  -  I'.r  i- 
tiis.  Alts  XIX.  -V )  with  liniotlu,  or  "I 
\\itli    the   lirethren,"   i.e.    the  Cormthian 

ill  I.  M.ltr-. 

12.  But  concerning  ApoUos  uli.  ii'  li.- 
till' I>  ri'i  iii.:ni.  t  -  .1-  the  brother.  .1 
ru.il  li  iji.  I  earnestly  enf-erted  him  to 
come  to  you  with  the  brethren  ui.. 
uiMiM  <Mri\    r.i'il'-  K'Mi  r  III  i  iiii'ii!i   1 .  t. 

Mr.    17):   lull     \|i.ill.i-'s  (|ilii',i|i     hiliii'.;.  Ill 

view  of  till'  |i.i!ti-,iii  -.piiii  111  (  '1  '■  .  i' 
'•  rriil  liiiii  and  there  was  no  will  ni  all 
I'll  lii-  part  to  comt  now:  he  will  eome, 
however,  when  he  has  a  good  oppor- 
tunity. This  \erse  rellei'ts  tile  iitliiusl 
I  reilit  on  both  Paul  and  .\polli>>.  «liii. 
ill  -pile  tlif  Corinthian  party  cries,  were  on 
ill!'  In-t  of  terms. 


Iiijunctiitti,    r.iilrriitv,    and  Thanksjiitin:^ 
(xvi.' I.?  iH). 

13-14.  'rill'  .ilinipt  adni'iiiitii 111-  lli.at  f.'l- 
Iiiu  li.iM'  .1  -t  iMliiiL;  crtiTl.  ;iiid  -iTm'  tu 
ri'liiitnl  llu-  (  I  11  11  till. Ill-  (if  their  lii'settmii 
u e;ikiii'--(s  Watch-  iliiy  wfri'  i-aril. --. 
a-liip:  stand  in  the  faith  d  i  \\  ;Si 
llu'ir  f.-iitli.  e  u.  i'l  ill''  n-.tirrt'eiioii  !■  ui  I"  '  1 
iin-ittlrd  (XV.  (-I  ;  play  the  man.  n  ' 
till'  li.iliv  I  \!\  JO'  show  yourselves  vig- 
orous, nut  ilahlix  ;  let  all  your  (doings) 
!  be  done  in  lo"»!  -    tli.i!  i-  tu  1"  'Im  .iIiim-- 

IP*. ''IT  .iii'l  ill-   :i".i!iuii        .lil  a.li'.i'i    1  \iiM 

15-18.    Now  I  beseech  you.  brethren: 
ye  kn.iw  the  house  of  Stephanas  wliii-!". 
I'anl  li.i.i  l.a|iii..il    d    im      that  ..l'-i. 
'jarditiu'  um-  1  .r         1  -  ■  il.r •''!  .  .  .iu.  i  ■  -  .   \  i ^ 
wii  it  is  the  first  fruits  of  Achaea 

I  I  .!-   I'"p:iriir'ii-  «.i-  III  A-ia.  Iv'uiii    wi  -I, 

!  and  ih  ii  they  set  themselves  to  minister 
;  to  the  saints  ;iiiiiarently  tlir  tainih  w.i- 
j  well  to  llu:  I  lieseech  you,  tlun,  that  you 


I  roKIXTIUAXS. 


[Vu,  XVI 


iij  I  lu'  churclH'*  of  Amh  «*aluic  ><ni 
;iml  I'rinill.i  >aUui-  yoti  imich  in 
x\u-  l.iinl,  with  thv  tliurrh  that  i>  m  their 
hiMiM' 

j.»  Ml 

>' 


ji  111. 

IIVMI  ll.lllll 


till'    litt  thti  n    i^n  •  I    yoll.  (jri'Ot 
■iliiT  tttili  a  huly  ki»». 
-  iliitatioii  III  »)•'  i'liil  Mith  tiiiiic 


J  J    If  a»iv  man  love  not  the  Lord  Jeotit 

C  hrist,  h  t  fiim  he  Anatlu-ma.  Maran  atha 
j,\    I  lit-  Kraci-  i>f  our  lj»r«l  Ji'sus  Christ 

/■i'  Willi  >"n 

j|  M>  I. .so  /v  with  >iiu  all  m  l'hri"*t 
JiMis.  Amen. 


on  your  part  <  *  >•  i  subject  yourselves  to 

such     il  ii.  liiiU  >.rK;iiii/atiiin  aN  yit 

til  Ml,  jHt.  Iml  vitili  Wire  llu'  iiifii  who 
ilt>-(r\i<l  to  In-  r«ci>uiii/»'<l  a->  Iraili  r-  (lun- 
\M-  lii.iy  tiiitl  liir  iillu-c  "if  ili  at'on  m  <  iii 
lii>.i.  if.  K.-iii  \M  1 1  and  to  every  one 
that  joina  in  the  work  and  toils.  And  I 
rejoice  at  the  presence  of  Stephanas  and 
Fortunatus  and  Achaicus  <  "t  uh'  in  we 
Kti.  \\  I,  because  the  lack  of  you 

these  lifiliiiii  supplied,  for  they  re- 
freshed my  spirit  and  yours.    1  h.  i  .•nn 

WtU  ill!  Ill»rl\ !„■  !.■  Ih.ir 

llirir  (Iclcviilc*  ll.lM-  ri'lli^luil  r.iiil. 
"  lli.it   wliii'li  l.ii'kiiii;  <<\\  M  iir  p.nt  " 

■  I  .  .  III. I        Ml  -o  II  I.  \. ml  li.  r.    iiir  to  I'w. 
i-artlivna   ,i-   lli,-    '.1,1    .  ■    \  ■».   i  >■  >i.ill 
flfU    I  "11   1 : 1  \    1 1  r  '  i      Acknowledge  then 
ami  li.iii'>i  men  like  these. 


I'ailiiiii  Siilutiitiotis  19-24). 

10-30.   The    churchea    of  —  tho 

lamU  .111  till'  wf-ttTii  vhnrcs  of  .\>ia  Minor 
salute  you.  ".Ml  \\hn  oall  <>n  liu-  n.iiiu- 
o|  .'iir  l.onl  Ji'Mi?<  C'lirivt  "  (i.  .iic 
linihnn.  Aqtiila  and  Prisca  (of.  K.>iii. 
\\i  .0  or  I'nMilla.  whom  Paul  had  t'ir>t 
nu  t  at  t'.iniilli  (  .\i-ts  xviii.  Jt.  ami  with 
uliom  111'  h.iil  snli~.i|mtnly  Kotii-  to  KjiliiMis 
I  \it-  will  iSi  I.  salute  you  earnestly 
in  the  Lord,  with  the  church  that  is  at 
their  house,  .ilmh  lluy  li.nl  imt  at  ti  l' 
«li>.|iii-,i!   .1  (  lin-li.iiiv   I'.'r  tlirir  ni>  1  1 

111K-.  All  the  brethren  m  Kpl  i  Mi-  salute 
you.   Salute  one  aa'^*her  with  a  holy 


kiss.  Ilk  ki~>  lit  irii'tiiNliip  wa>  «p«'cially 
.i,<l>ro|iM,itr  .iiiioiiK  I  liriolian*  .  l<i  tlKiii  it 
liii>  a  >acrril  tiiciiiniK.  it  i"  a  /i'>/.v  ki».  It 
iMitU'  ill  coiifM'  of  liliii-  to  Ik'  al>u»»M|. 

31-34.  I'aiil  iiow  talM'>  ilu'  pill  from  hi* 
.ini.imirii^iv  I  I'f.  Roiii,  x\i.  JJI  ami  ;ii|.l<  a 
liii.l.  1.111  itii|M~-ioiu'(l  po^t -I'l  i|.|  1 .  i'  J 
III.-  Ill  17.  ii.il  M  III.  The  salutation 
of  111.  Paul,  with  my  own  hand.  If  any 
man  has  no  affection  for  the  Lord,  let 
him  be  anathema.  .1.  \.  ■..!  t..  .I.  mi  miioii ; 
tor  Mitlioiit  i.i  t'l  1I-!  I'liti-  .'.111  1. 1  m> 

Iruf  Iniitliil  1  111  1 1.1:1  .i.tixilv  ol  .my 
km.l.  tarana  tha,  1 ...  "  (or  <'ii<  1  /">./. 
I  .■III.'.'  -.1.111-    1.1  It.  r    ill. Ill    |o    n  ,ii| 

■'  M.ir.m   .itli.i,"    I  lir    i..r    ..ii/i    /...n/  /i.i.v 
,  .  ii/i'    I  1  1'.    in   till-   llr-li     lull    III  l!i  r  iiitrr 
pr.  t.  il   .1-    pi  .  .|.!ii  'u'    p.  1 1  .    w  ill    .i--iiri  .ll\ 
.'oiii..  I.     Ill,,  pi.i'.i-r  i.'iii,'  «onli|  lu' 

.•oinilioii  (I'i  Kr\  wii  .H)  I  ailloiii;  tlio-c 
who  liopt.l  for  ami  Ih  IicmiI  in  ilu'  -pi.  ily 
.nlvi'iil  of  ji'siii.  l.iki'  .\lilia  till'  .\raiiiaic 
worils  iii.iy  liavf  U'ln  caught  from  llio 
t'.irly  illscipli's.  ami  wmild  proUalily  In-  fa- 
niili.ir  to  (;ri'i'ks,  Tlu"  prayir  lun-  aiMs  .1 
I.  rrililo  lariu'  tiu'<s  to  the  precediiii;  itn- 
prir.'itioti;  aiiil  liy  tlu'  Ti'liioval  of  lIlo 
.  li.  ir.;.  -  ol  I'liri-i,  till'  u.iy  i>  prepared  for 
thi'  iiriii  ilii'!i..n  the  grace  of  the  Lord 
Jesus  be  with  you.  Nml  1-  .  i  n-iin  ami 
r.-proof  li.iil  lit  II --.irii\  [..niu'I  .1  1..i,l;i  |.,ir! 
of  tlii'-  ilM-lli'.  I'.iiil  t.i.tliilly  am!  t.inl.rly 
l.iiM-":  my  love  be  1  or  i.v  1  with  you  all 
'  imt  Willi  !lii.  r.inliiu'  or  .'my  otli.'r  party 
.  iil\  II  iji  in  Christ  Jesus;  lii--  Iom- 
tor  tin  I'm  I-  ii"t  iiu  r.  I>  n.itiir.'il  altci'tioii, 
I  Christ  is  its  fiiiiiiilatioii  and  splicre. 


SECOND  EPISTLE  TO  THE  CORINTHIANS. 

I  utrodiiction. 

It  tiiifortnnatc  tliat  tin-  i-pi-lli-  wliicii  is  in  niaiiy  way^  tlu-  iiii>^t  ititoro^t- 
iiiL:.  it  i-  llii-  iiici-t  liii  i;^ra|iliical,  of  .ill  ilu'  cjii-lli'^  of  I'anl.  ^linulil  hi' 
lit  ~i  I  li\   niitiifnnis  ])ri ililiiiw  wiiicli.  willi  tlic  incai^iT  data  at  utir  (li>i)(»al. 

jirai  lii  ally  iii-i Iti  tlio  New  'IV^taiiKiit  as  in  the  <  >M.  vvi-  >uffcr 
tnmi  till'  frai,niH'iitary  tialnro  of  our  -onrct"'.  ilistorifs.  propluvit"-.  j^ospils, 
(■]ii-iK-  wcw  wriitcii  ] iii;n,iril\  for  aiirifii!  ri'mUr^,  not  for  u-  wlio  are  alar 
oil  Ik. til  in  tiiiH'  ami  iilavi';  ami  what  to  u^.  in  oiir  ii^norania.'  of  the  eon - 
temporary  sitnation.  i-  and  nnist  for  ever  remain  ohscure  or  tmcertain.  to 
them,  wilh  ihrir  kiiowIedL^e  of  ili.it  -ilu.ation,  inn-l  liavi-  lieen  often  iioi 
onlv  inlelliL;ilile.  hut  ohvion^.  j'.ut.  hy  it-~  very  constitution,  the  human  miiitl 
i-  j;overni'ii  hy  the  doire  to  a-eertain  tlie  se(|iu'nees  of  liistory.  to  diseovir 
the  interrelations  of  recorded  fact^ :  and  wliere  the  records  arc  meaijer. 
tlicvi  i-  a  naliU'al  imjjuKe  to  till  \\\\  li\  CMiiircture  or  hx  ilie  u^e  of  the 
historical  iiii.i^iiiation.  the  .i;a|is  whieh  the  scanty  material  at  our  dispo-.d 
liirmits  Us  to  till  up  in  no  other  way.  We  nuist  only  heware  of  assutnini; 
tii.'it  our  coiiiieliu-e  has  the  \:i!;!e  of  ctr!;iinty. 

In  ilie  inter\.il  ln'twieii  the  de-]iatch  of  the  first  and  -(.(diid  e])istles  ol 
r.iiil  to  the  (.'orinthian-,  many  tliiiiu~  of  ^r.ive  importance  mn-t  h.ive 
happened;  hut  tiie-e  we  are  left  to  infer  nio-tly  from  the  data  furnished 
li\  ilic  r]>'-iK-  llkiii-rK  ;  ;md.  i-  imiNcd  h\-  tile  peri'lexiiiL:'  \arieiy  of 
opmiou  aiiioiiiL;-  scholar-  who  li;i\e  L;i\en  tlu-  i]ii-ile~  the  iiio^t  niimili'  .and 
carifitl  attention,  and  even  hy  the  nioiliiic.ations  which  some  have  heen 
eoii-l  1. lined  lo  mak»'  iijioii  their  own  earlirr  opinion-.  tli..-e  dat.i  ;ire  cajiaMe 
.if  widi  lv  dill,  n  ut  int.  riT.  i.ition-.  Tlu  one  thiiiL;  that  -land-  mt,  clear 
and  inili-]iiilaMe  i~  iliai  tin-  -iiuaii.in  implied  hy  the  -ecoiul  episiK-  i^  much 
more  intense  ih.m  that  of  the  tirst.  The  tir-t  is  relatively  calm,  the  secmnl 
i--  teii)|n-l  IIOI!-.  'I'lieu  .lie  hinl>-  in  tin-  livt  that  I'aiil"-  a'illi''rit\  and 
:ilio>tle-hip  have  luesi  .hall'  iiu;ed  {  \\.  I  f.  i  :  in  the  -ecoiid,  the  ileiiiaK  .if 
that  aulhoritv  have  lu-cotne  e\i>licit  an<l  vehement  (x.-xiii.  1,  ami  are  sup- 
ported hy  the  ha-e-!  in -iniiat ion-  i \ii.  id  iT.l.  In  the  tir-t.  he  is  criticized 
(  i\  Ml  ill.'  -eciiti.l.  !■:'  ■    attack.d.     the  -pirii  of  iartion  h.i-  i^rown  in 

the  iiUei\al  t'l  eiiormon-  prop irtioii-.  hut  il  ha-  ch.uiL;id  it^  form.  1  he 
watchwords  "  I  am  of  c  ejihas.  I  am  of  .\ik>11os."  arc  uu  lonijor  heard;  but 

118 


IXTKoDli  TIOX. 


men  who  claim  li>  l<o  l  lin^t'-'  1 1 1'.  i  (Xv.  i.  iJi  li.ivi;  -ci  ihi  iii-iUr-  uitli 
vinilo!icc  to  niiiliTmiiu'  tlio  .iiio-tlr'-  intltu-iH-c  (     l  or.  x.  7). 

Thi*  party,  uli.'-i-  K.iilcr-  .11  .iti\  laic  uiili  tb' m  KttiT~  ot  nn 'iiiiiKiula- 
li1.11  I  lii.  I  I  11.  i  ili'iili!  liaiK-il  tri.in  |>in-.iK:ii.  w ,  :  r  ilic  pn  .|ia:;.iiiili-t  -  ..|  an 
iiiiiiwc  ami  Ti.irrow  Juilai>iii,'  clin-i  ianii_\ .  1  In  11  iiulhocl--  wiu'  •liiiiiriit 
from  thove  of  the  propai^aiidi^l-'  in  <  ialatia.  for  liu  y  havr  iiotliin;.;  lo  -ay 
ahout  rirriiiiK-i-ioii ]H  rliap-  'lir\  fi  ll  the  irn  li  \aiuT  of  ilii-  in  llic  ln-c 
atmo>plK'rr  of  <  iri'ivr  luu.  fnv  that  mtv  iia-"n.  tlu  u  a~-aiilt  \\a-  all  tlii' 
more  i)lan>iltk',  and,  jndi;niL;  from  tlu'  \atu-nuMu-e  with  which  I'anl  npeU 
it,  it  is  dear  that  he  recoi^nized  in  n  a  -ra\r  :iu  naee  to  iii-  i.wn  work. 
i'.viTvwhrrc  lir  wnil.  hi-  -trp-  were  h\  ili<-.'  nun.  uIm  iiln-r.l  1,. 

ilo  an\-  pioiKiT  mi— ionary  \m  ak  of  llnir  <'\\\\.  inu  \\\h<  -iipinil  in  in  appro 
priate  re->ii1ts  rea<ly  to  their  lian<l  (  x.  tM  wrouijht  hy  the  imh  fatii;ahle 
toil  of  i'anl.  and  then  to  pervert  tho-e  results  in  tiie  intere-t-  of  their  >man 
and  hi;.;oted  view-  of  t  hri-tianity. 

This  development  hetween  the  two  epistles  is  a-  ;^M>od  a-  eert.iin,  hut 
was  there  anvthinf,'  el-e?  'I'lie  letter  hei;in-  with  yreat  enioii.m,  m  whuh 
we  niav  -ee  rillcrled  -oine  of  ilic  ]H-ri!ou-  and  rrtirial  r\p(  iiiiu.  -  iluon-h 
which  I'anl  li.i-  hecn  recetnly  pa--inii.  At  I'.plie-n-.  winch  lu  had  lilt  not 
loni,'  l)efore,  he  had  been  face  to  face  with  death  ( i.  H)  :  the  -itnalioti. 
whatever  it  wa-,  had  hcen  ;i  di  -]H  raie  one.  and  il  wa-  only  li\  du'  nnracn- 
lon-  diliviTance  of  <  ,od  that  he  had  come  ont  of  it  alive,  lie  had  jin-hed 
on  to  I'roa-;  and  ea^^er  a-  he  ua-  to  win  mei\  f-T  the  L:o-ptl  \\\  -ea-oii 
anil  ont  of  season,  and  splendid  as  wa-  the  opp. .nnniiv  alToi.!.  d  Tio.t-. 
t  ii.  IJ).  lu-  wa-  -o  nci'Min-  and  i  xciicd  lncau-i-  lu-  did  iioi.  ,1-  la-  had 
hoped,  meet  'I'un-  ihere,  that  he  conl<l  not  wail  m  Tioa-.  l.nt  haMencd 
on  to  meet  him  in  Macedonia,  from  one  of  who-e  cities  —  |i. i--ihly  i  he— 
,;,loni.a  lir  d.-patdied  thi-  letter  to  t'orinlh  1.  '.  i\.  j).  Tin-  n. w  wlitrii 
'liiii-  liiou-lii  him  ua-  -o  rea  —  nrini:-  that  he  Imr-t-  into  a  -oii^  of  inuniph 
al  ilic  vci  v  rccollieiion  of  it  1  li.  14  iV.  1.  Hi-  torn  -onl  w.i-  comforted  and 
ijladdened  not  only  hy  the  pre-ence  of  Titn-.  hnt  hy  tlu-  -tory  he  had  to 
tell  of  the  pcniteiUH-  .and  /cd  of  \hr  (  orinilii.sn-  1  \ii.      f.  1. 

Now  why  wa-  I'anl  tilled  widi  -iich  trcpuLiiioii  at  tlu-  a|iproaih  of  I'lUi-. 
so  anxiou-  about  the  new-  he  w-nld  hrini^  from  Corinth'  (  le;irly  the  -it- 
nation  in  Corimh  wa-  -inci.illy  critical:  what  w.i-  11  .liu  -  In  vii.  S  1. 
il  i-  i-oiMicclcd  with  ;i  Itltcr  of  r-iid'-.  ciirlu-d  a]ipar(  !id\  m  liTin-  -o  -evere. 
lhat  afterw  ard-  he  reL;rclted  h.iviii-  w  ruti  n  it,  ilu  inL;h  In-  rcLjrt't  wa-  tnrtietl 
into  jov  when  he  -aw  how  effective  it  had  been  in  leading  the  (  orintlnans 
to  re]u'ntaiice.  Tin-  letter  i-  d.  -crilird  in  ii  i  a-  Iiavui-j  h"  m  \m!M.m  o'll 
of  much  .it'tlictioii  ,ind  ani;ni-h  of  heart  aiul  wilh  maii\  li.ir-.  ilu-  c|n.-iion 
i-.  Win  re  are  we  to  look  lor  thi-  letter  and  what  were  it-  content-: 


INTItODlTTION. 


IVriiaps  the  natural  impulse  i>  at  once  to  itlcutify  it  with  the  first  canonical 
e|)i>tlf  to  tlie  e  orinthiaii> :  hut  as  ajjainst  this,  it  tniist  not  be  forgotten  that 
in  all  prolKibility.  several  letters  would  pa—  hitwien  Paul  and  the  Corin- 
lliiaii-.  <  till',  uhiili  h.i-  not  lucn  ])ro^iT\ id,  alhided  to  in  i  C"or.  v.  m  ;  and 
liis  oppoiKiit^  adnnt  that  \u>  U-ttt-rs  are  inijiro^ive  {j  Cor.  x.  lol.  I  lie  real 
•inestion  is.  whether  the  first  epistle  an>^we^s  to  the  description  ijivcn  in  chs. 
ii.  anil  vii.  A-  tlii^  i-  a!)-olui»lv  dtiiied  In  ^onie  >eh<ilar>.  and  maintained 
liy  oilur-  to  he  lurleitly  po->ilile.  the  quotion  comes  to  be  largely  one  of 
our  conception  of  proltahility.  Would  I'aul.  we  have  to  ask,  Ik?  likely  to 
regret  havintr  written  so  noble  a  letter  as  the  first  epistle?  and  i>  it  reasonable 
t.i  -tippo-e  tliat  lli.it  letter  a>uh\  have  lueii  written  with  aiiL^tii^h  and  tear- r 
'i'lie^e  terms  certaiidy  >eem  -troni;,  if  n>e<l  of  the  fir>t  epi>lle ;  hut  are  they 
Uhi  stront:?  While  there  is  much  in  that  epistle  that  could  Ik^  descriln-d 
as  ••  e.ilm  and  kindly."  there  are  iias^ai^e^  which  -o  ethically  -cn-itive  a  man 
a-  I'anl  mn-t  liavi'  written  with  keen  emotion,  especially  those  wiiicii  deal 
with  lilt  iiu  cstiioiis  man,  with  the  carryinij  of  cases  Ix-'forc  the  heathen  courts, 
and  with  the  heinonsnes>  of  immorality  (v..  vi :  cf.  xv.  .^41.  With  retjard 
to  tlif  iitlu  r  jioint.  jierliaps  wi'  nui^lit  imt  to  prcs-  ton  vi-;«iri>usly  the  statement 
that  I'anl  rej^retted  liavinj;  written  it:  sucli  wonU  rise  readily  to  his  upon, 
aft'ectionate  heart  (2  Cor.  vi.  it)  especially  now  that  he  has  been  cheered 
bv  the  new-  of  their  reptntatu-e.  and  he  may  nuan  im  more  than  that  he 
rcLjrettcd  tile  pain  hi-  letter  had  i;iven  them,  it  cannot  he  said,  liowever. 
that,  s,,  far  a-  these  allusions  -m,  the  case  for  the  identification  <.f  the  letter 
with  I'irst  Corinthians  is  overwhelmingly  conv-ncing.  ^  iiio>t,  it  is  jwissible: 
helot e  \\r  can  -av  wlutlier  it  is  probable  or  not.  we  shall  ha\c  to  consider 
the  contents  of  the  letter. 

On  the  streni;th  of  the  letter,  the  (.  orinthians.  at  least  the  tuajority  of 
them  ( ii.  appear  to  have  severely  punislkd  sdnie  one  who  liad  done  wron;^: 
I  vii.  11.  IJ) — ^  sn  -i  veii  lv  incit  ed  that  I '.nil  ii"W  interi>oses  on  his  behalf, 
asks  them  to  for:.;ive  and  comfort  him.  and  confirm  their  love  towards 
him  (ii.  7.  Who  can  the  offender  Ik-?    If  the  letter  written  with  tears 

he  tlif  lirst  epistle  to  tli'  (  orinthians,  then  the  olTender  will  n;itnr,ill\  he 
the  incestuous  man  oi  ch.  v.  in  that  chapter.  I'anl  in  the  severest  terms 
cf.  ver.  5 )  Jiu«l  insisted  upon  his  excommunication.  I'ut.  as  there  was 
already  disaffiKlton  ill  the  air.  fonienteil  still  further  liy  the  malevolence 
of  his  lud.ii-tif  o]>iionents.  he  m.iv  well  have  ilitridkd  the  i^ravest  .louhts 
a*-  ti'  ilie  reatliiK'ss  of  the  Corinthians  to  acknowleil.L;e  his  authority  and 
coi;ij.!>  ,\ith  his  reque-^t ;  an-l.  now  that  Titus  brin«j>;  back  the  news  of 
tlivir  quickeiietl  mond  sense,  and  of  iluir  /e.il  f'lr  the  purity  of  the  cluirch 
ris  diown  1>\  the  |>uiiishmenl  t>f  the  otYender;  now  that  they  have  proved 
themsehcs  to  he  pure  in  the  matter  ( vii.  III.  and  obc«lient  to  httn  in  all 


iNTRonrcTiox. 


121 


tliinj^>  ( ii.  [)),  he  i>  more  tli;m  i>vcrji>yc"l.  and,  a>  the  ot't'eiuler  himself  iias 
shown  siijns  of  the  deepest  contrition  (ii.  7),  I'aul  i>  as  eaijer  now  to  have 
him  reinstated  a>  lie  fcirmerly  ua-       have  him  exi^ ■iiiinimii.Mud. 

lint  the  identitication  of  tlie  nlVeiKlcr  of  j  t^or.  with  tlie  inee-ltious  per- 
son n{  I  Cor.  hccomes  less  certain  when  we  look  more  cIomIv  at  the 
desiriptinn  of  him.  I'anl  declare^  in  vii.  ij  that  he  wrote  the  letter  "not 
for  tlie  >ake  i<i  him  whu  did  the  wn-if.;."  wln-rea-.  aci'TiliiiL;  I"  1  t  "f  v. 
5.  it  was  preci>ely  for  hi>  >ake  -  "  that  the  ^jiirit  may  he  -^aved  in  the  ilay 
of  the  Loril  |e<ns."  The  references  to  the  ofTender  in  ii.  3-10  make  it 
at  le,i-t  ]iii--ih!r  th.it  it  i^  I'liiil  Wii^m  he  lia^  otYendid  I'.ml  and  u<<l  the 
fatlier.  w  iio-e  wife  he  had  taken,  wmild  he  the  man  w  ho  h.i-  "  >iil'fered  the 
wmiiL;  "  (  vii.  12).  I'anl  apparently  ha>  j^odd  rea>on  to  feel  specially  a;;- 
urieved  ( ii.  5),  hnt  thonj^h  most  ileeply  wounded,  he  has  already  mo»t 
freely  and  Inllv  f"rL;i\en.  iia-  L;i\eit  ri^e  I"  tlu-  i<!ca  lliai   "ii  -"ine 

recent  vi-it  to  (  <irinth  (to  hi'  ili>cn->ed  afterwards  1  i'aul  li.id  heeii  i;i(>s^iy 
insulted  hy  some  one.  and  had  afterwards  demanded  reparation  in  a  letter 
written  with  an.ijuish  and  tears;  the  demand  had  heiu  s, ,  /cidnn-viy  .nce.Kd 
to  hy  the  now  penitent  coii'^^recatii m  that  I'aid  prays  fur  cleiiieney  u<i'  the 
ot'fiiider.  and  ofTers  him  his  own  fois.;ivi.'ness.  In  favor  of  this  view,  it  is 
urjLied  that  Paul  could  not  have  si)oken  of  the  otTen<ler  as  kiiiently  as  he 
doi-s.  ii;id  crinu'  ln-eii  that  of  iiu-e-t  :  tlie  -tern  and  -'ili  iiiii  ^eiitenci'  of 
excomnnmieation  a]']>ropriate  to  such  a  crime  couhi  not  iiavi'  hien  so 
swiftly  anfl  completely  reversed,  fhtt  the  art,aiment  is  hasty.  The  sinner 
wa-  clearly  not  indirfereiii  i^'  the  wrdicl  pidnotmced  upon  him.  there  is  a 
danmr  that  lie  ma\'  he  "  sw.iH,  i\\  td  up  widi  his  uvermtich  -orrow  "  i  ii.  ~); 
and  simire  penitence  Xvotild  nio^t  natnralK  he  nut  hy  com|iUtt  furi^ive- 
nes-<.  which  Paul  hestow-  as  "in  the  presence  of  t'hrist  "  ( ii.  10).  In  a 
true  sciist\  the  re;d  oldect  nf  the  I'xci 'ininunic.i'ioii  w'.as  "  ticither  f' ir  the 
s.'ike  of  him  that  di<l  or  suftiTed  w  rou^  "  (  vii.  1  _■ ) .  hnt  the  preservation 
or  rather  the  rehahilitation  of  the  purity  of  the  church  (vii.  11.  1  (.'or.  v.  7). 
the  deepeniiii^  ne  CMiisciotisness  df  its  spiritual  oliliL;atii mis.  it  cannot 
he  said  'Iteti  ili.it  die  alliisinn-  to  the  otTender  are  altoL^cther  me.  ■n-i-ient 
with  the  idea  that  he  is  tlu'  incestuous  ]ti-rson  of  I  l"or.  \.  and  tin-  aL;.(in 
would  ijreailv  heighten  the  |>rohahility  that  the  letter  written  with  tears 
was  the  first  epistle  to  the  (  orinihian-. 

The  complicated  (piestinns  raised  hy  the  allusiniis  to  the  "  letter  "  arc 
still  more  !.;ravely  complicated  hy  allusions  to  his  visits  to  forinth.  in  spite 
<if  the  slender  douht  that  attaches  to  the  somewhat  amhiLmous  phrase  '  tir,> 
is  the  third  time  /  iiiii  rrijilv  to  i-oiiie  to  voii  "  (  \ii.  iji  it  i-  n-a-ou.ilily 
certain  that  hefore  he  wrote  the  second  I'pisile  he  hatl  airead)  heen  in 
Corinth  twice,  and  is  now  contcmplalinn  a  thinl  visit  ( xiii.  1 ),  which  he 


IXTlJODrCTlON. 


carrirc!  mit  (  Act-  xx.  j  f.  I. —  indeed  lir  wnli  -  llii-  opi-ilc  on  tlic  way  ( ix.  2, 
w.  I  I.  lie  -av-  expressly  —  the  1aiij;ii.'iL;e  rapahle  <it  no  other  nat- 
ural interpretation  that  he  hatl  been  pre-i  iit  liii  Corinth)  tlw  second 
tni'i-   I  \iii.   J  I.     'Ilial  the  <>ni'  o  inlcniplaud.   a-   -         suppose,  in 

I  (  "T.  iv.  iS  Ji. —  iiad  hien  a  very  i>aintiil  one — (  (or.  ii.  1):  he  Iiad 
been  completely  humiliated  by  the  imehastity  and  inipenitenee  of  niatiy  (  xii. 
JI  I.  Where  are  we  to  plare  thi-  vi-it  and  has  it  any  cuniiection  with  the 
leiter  writtiii  in  ani^iii-h  and  tear-? 

Tnere  is  a  larL;e  body  of  opinion  in  favor  of  the  idea  that  the  second  vi<it 
fall-  between  the  lir-t  ami  -ecoml  epistles.  With  more  oi-  li--  nioditication, 
the  L;itural  -ituaiion  i-  ii-iially  tlien  recou-tnuMi'd.  a-  follow-,  .\iiit  -end- 
ing; liie  lir-t  leller,  i'aul  deter:iiine-  to  vi-il  t'oriiiili  per-onally.  whether 
iK'canse  of  an  unfavorable  account  which  Timothy  (l  Cor.  iv.  17,  xvi.  10) 
niav  have  brMii-Iil  him  ithouuh  it  not  ccrlain  lli.it  Timoiliy  actually 
reached  t\>rinth,  Act-  xix.  j.'i.  or  liec,iu-e  he  intended  to  prolont;  hi>  -tay 
in  l'i>hesus  a  little  beyond  his  original  iil.iii.  ( >n  reaching:  Corinth,  he  tiiid.s 
the  i>revalent  inood  anylhiuL;  but  iriciidly.  the  cliiinli  -itimu  I}  di-iurbed, 
hi-  iul'iieiici'  miderniiiied  .and  hi-  .aiitliority  i']ialierii;ed  by  lii-  juilai/im^ 
opp  lunt-.  Till-  would  then  lie  tile  visit  which  he  had  made  in  pain,  the 
occasion  upon  which  his  Cod  had  humiliated  hint.  The  air  was  rife  with 
calumny  and  iusult,  a-  in  any  case  we  t^ather  from  x.-\iii..  and  -onie  one. 
more  darini,'  or  viruletit  that'  the  re-l,  publicly  insulted  him  (this  would 
then  be  the  man  "  who  di<l  the  wron-  "  1.  In  any  case,  for  whatever  reason 
—  Paul's  malady  ha-  been  MiLi-e-ied  as  a  rea-on  (xii.  7.  ( lal.  iv.  14) — his 
;i]ii>e;ir.iiu'e  w.i-  altoL^rtlur  inelTective.  and  went  to  ju-tify  the  taunls  of  his 
adversaries  ( x.  10).  lie  left  in  .-orrow  and  iudi,!,niation,  and  afterwards 
wrote  the  letter  whose  severity  he  was  inclincfl  to  rei^ret.  Titus,  appar- 
entlv  the  most  eueri;etic  and  diiilomaiic  of  {'aid's  co.id jutors.  went  to  t'or- 
intli  eiiluT  with  or  <oon  after  the  letter,  with  the  roull  that  the  altitude  of 
tile  (.  oriiiihiatis  ti'wards  I'aul  was  chan.Ljed  from  rebellion  to  penitence  and 
apoloi^v.  Titus  returned  with  the  trood  news,  meelini;  Paul  in  Macedonia, 
wiureupoii  I'aul.  his  feveri-h  .anxiety  now  at  re-t.  wrott'  hi-  -econd  epi-tle 
amid  conllictinj;  emotiotis  of  j^ratitude  at  the  restoratioti  of  coufidence  be- 
tween himself  and  the  Ctirinthinn  church,  and  indijjnation  at  the  unworthy 
attempts  of  his  opponent-  to  injure  his  ri]>utatiou  and  ruin  his  inllueme. 

(  >n  thi-  view  the  letter  would  not  be  hirst  Corinthians,  but  one  inter- 
medi.ite  between  the  tir-t  :ind  -econd  epi-tles.  The  proposal  has  been  maile 
to  identify  this  letter  with  the  last  four  chapters  of  the  -ecoud  epi-tle 
(x."\iii.l  which  undoubtedlv  f<irm  a  coniiiact  -t'ction  by  ihem-elve-.  and 
which  are  written  with  an  irony,  an  incisiveness,  and  a  severity  which 
an-wer  not  unaptly  to  his  descriptions  of  the  letter.  Httt  practically  fatal 
to  this  view  is  the  fact  that  there  is  in  these  chapters  no  allusion,  a.<i  there 


INTRODUCTION. 


123 


must  have  been  in  the  letter,  to  the  otTemler;  an<l  tltere  i>-  in  reaUty  no 
valid  reason  for  separating  elis.  x.-xiii.  finm  tlie  re^t  of  the  -  pi-tlo. 

ThiTe  can  he  iii>  dmil)!  lh;il,  on  tlii-~  -.i-lunu'  ><{  iMiit^,  ilu'  I'litiK-  iiitiT- 
inediate  vi>it.  followed  hy  liie  >e\ere  iiiit  -mi-fs,iiil  Ittler.  pre^etit^  a  very 
plausible  eonibination ;  but  it  cannot  In?  saitl  to  be  absolutely  nece>sary.  If 
the  letter  wliicli  \va-~  written  in  sorrow  and  inodiut i\ e  of  -oiiow  may  l.iirly 
l)e  identified  with  the  tir-t  epi>tle  —  and  i'.ernard  i>  certainly  within  the 
truth  when  he  >ays  that  "it  ha>  not  been  jiroved  that  the  '  Painful  Letter* 
of  J  Cor.  ii.  4.  vii.  8.  eatniot  have  been  the  I  "ir>t  I'.pistle  " — then  one  link  in 
the  chain  i--  weak,  if  not  lirokiii.  \nd.  a-  thrrr  were  certainly  two 
and  no  evidence  hut  tliat  of  inference  for  an  intermediate  vi-it.  tlic  possi- 
bility must  be  admitted  that  both  visits  fell  before  the  first  epistle. 

The  second  eiiistle  wa~  |irol)al)!y  written  a  tew  month-  aftii  ilic  tii-t. 
somewhere  in  the  laily  winter  of  the  same  y»'ar  (?  37  A.I).  I.  \\  i'  find 
I'aul  in  Acts  \\.  ^  leavini;  ( .nece.  after  his  third  an<l  last  visit,  I'or  jerusa- 
1cm.  As  this  was  alMuit  Kaster.  and  he  had  speiu  three  nion'ii  in  <  ireeeo 
(Acts  \\.  (ii  we  may  conjectin\'  that  he  arrived  llieie  fi^.m  l'|>li(-iis 
alM)Ut  the  end  of  the  precedinj;  }ear.  As  we  have  no  rea-on  Ut  lii'.ieve 
that  his  journey  from  l-".|)hesus  to  i'orinth  by  Maeedimia  (  .\c's  xx.  l,  2) 
oceupiei!  any  considerable  Icnu'li  of  time,  we  may  faiily  as-iime  tliai  i'.iiil 
left  I-'plu'sUs  in  the  autiunn  —  later  therefore  th;m  he  had  ori;>;inal!y  planned, 
as  he  iiail  iiiteniled  to  >tay  in  l'".i)hesii-  only  till  I'eiUecost  [  1  t  or.  xvi.  St. 
This  letter,  which  was  written  from  .Macedotiia  (  I'or.  i\.  _' I  w<uild  fall 
a  little  later.  With  this  .-I'^rees  the  -t.-iteiiu  !it  tli.at  the  (  orinllii.iiis  li.id  -ince 
last  \ear  bet^iin  to  make  prejiaratioiis  for  tin.'  c^'Uection  for  the  Jii«l.ean  poor 
( ix.  2,  viii.  101  ;  it  i>  clear  that  the  tnatter  had  already  been  .heir  mimls 
and  that  they  ha<l  written  to  ask  Paul's  advice  ab<iut  the  best  manner  of 
raisin;;  the  money  (  t  ("or.  xvi.  i  ). 

The  letter  fall>  naturally  into  three  I'arts;  lai  chs.  i.  vii..  which,  while 
embracinii  a  variety  of  personal  m.Uier-.  deal  in  txeneral  with  the  t;lory  of 
the  new  dispen-;ii ion  a-  i-oiitra-leil  with  the  oM  ;  (  lu  eh-,  \iii.-ix.  constitute 
a  i)lea  for  a  liberal  colleitioii  for  the  |iid.i-.m  poor;  ici  *hs.  -xiii.  are  a 
very  spirited  vindication  <n'  hitif^elf  and  assault  upon  hi-  op|)onents.  His  dis- 
po>ition  of  the  lettiT.  as  ileimiii  jM  inis  out,  is  vry  skilful.  The  jia-s.-i^e 
dealing'  with  the  i-o!lection  for  llie  I'lda'an  jionr.  placed  a-  it  midwriy 
iR'tweiii  llic  other  two,  on  the  i^tie  hand  seaU  the  claim  to  authority  which 
I'aul  has  luade  or  implied  in  the  first  section,  and  prepares  for  the  |>oU'mic 
■ii^;iiiis!  his  Indai-tic  oi-.ni ini_nts  in  thi'  ilijrd.  hcsiiles  sn'j;ji  s!n!;_'  !!!'  I'ieniallv. 
hy  his  .luectionate  sulieitude  for  the  JtKkean  |)oor,  tiiat,  wh.iie.er  1  pen 
charges  or  covert  iu>inuati«»ns  his  opponents  may  make,  there  is  no  quarrel 
between  himself  and  the  leaders  of  the  Jerusalem  church. 

The  presence  of  the  opponent.s,  who  occupy  the  forcKround  in  the  last 


124 


IXTKODUCTION. 


«livisinii  of  t!u'  qii-tlo,  i-^  fvcii  in  tlio  firvt  clivisioti  not  unfell.    It  is  they  who 

ili.il  Willi  llio  wopI  of  <io<l  in  ilu  -pirii  of  a  (li>lioiicst  tradt'Miian  ( ii.  l"). 
ii  I-  iluA  wlio  coiiu'  1.1  (  ..rniih  witli  liit.  r-  of  iiioiiiiiUMKlatioii  ( iii.  1)  and 
tlir  i"ini;i-t  lut  wu  M  ihc  |k  rm.UKiHH'  of  tin-  iKw  <li-i>rn>ation  and  tlu- 
transiiMuo  of  tlio  old  (iiii  !•>  in  ont-  ;i->]n-c\  an  indinct  ]M)Icniic  ayainxt  thcMi. 
I'"vi  ii  after  in.ikiit-  r\\  ry  allowanrr  for  tlir  -arca-m  and  tlu'  vrlu'inrni-e  miIo 
wliiiii  I'aul'^  ri.L;lito4i^  nidi;;nation  hiirav-  liiui.  In>  cliari^o  >ho\v  tliat  >onK' 
of  tluir  initlioils  wore  a^  odious  as  tluir  il;o-.]ii1  was  faKe.  It  was  another 
popel.  ditU  rrni  from  I'aid^.  a  i,'os|)el  with  another  ^jiirit.  tliat  tlie\  |>reache<l 
( \i.  4  I  ;  ami  w  ith  llicir  dill'cmi:  l;o-|kI  wriil  a  dill'cri'nt  and  lev '.t  mora! 
slandard.  Indiiil  lliey  li.iw  no  standard  beyond  tluni-eKe-,  and  -^o  are 
j^nihv  of  ridienlon<  and  iniino<Ii'rate  hoastini^  ( \.  ij).  When  I'anI  has  done 
llie  pionri-r  w.'rk,  ilu  \  i^mr  upon  the  -^eiMie  like  evil  -.]iirit--  (  \i.  15)  at 
onec'  a]iiiro|>riatin,t;  and  ])ervertiniL;  the  re-nlt>  of  hi--  !al)ors  1  x.  i(>l.  luit 
takini^  '^ood  care  to  hreak  no  new  trronnd  for  the  t;o-]>el  on  their  own  ac- 
eotint.     in  \i.  tln'  indiriment  take^  a  form  of  nnn-nal  ^e\iiii\  ;  lie 

ealK  tluiu  lluic  "  fal-i-  apn-iK  -.  crafty  worker-.  tran~forniinLV  ilieni-clve- 
into  ajiosili-s  (,f  I  hri^t.  And  no  wonder;  for  eviii  Satan  traii-torni>  liiin-elt 
inlf)  an  anirel  of  htjht.  It  is  iiothini,'  reniarkahle.  then,  if  his  iiiiiiistt'is  also 
fa-<hic'n  thi'in>elve--  a-  niini-ter--  of  riL;liteon-iie-~.'"  1  lio-r  •'  1  Iclirt  w -.  1-rael- 
ite-.  of  tile  seed  of  Ahraiiam  "  (  xi.  1  are  ministers  of  Satan!  L'leariy  it 
IS  a  ca-e  of  war  to  tlie  knife. 

!,et  us  see  now  wiiat  tiiey  liad  >aid  or  done  to  provoke  sn  velienniit  a 
retort  from  I'aul.  'l'lu\  nimi<l!y  aeeii-i-  iiim  of  diii-rmitiini^"  lii-  life  and 
conduct  In  iiii-])irilual  motive-.,  of  walkini^  accordiii};  to  liie  llesli  "  (  x.  J). 
They  admitted  that  his  Utters  were  impressive  (  x.  id),  hut  useii  this  very 
circum-t.ince  as  a  foil  to  ili>]i,n  aL;t'  liini :  i:n]ire--ive  on  paper,  hut  iuelVective 
f.ice  to  f.ice  (X.  lol.  a  hero  at  a  di-iauce,  hut  a  coward  at  clo-c  (piarters 
(X.  I  i.  I  lis  escape  from  Damascus  over  the  wall  was  ai)parcntly  used  to 
make  him  ridiculous  (  xi.  31  f. ).  Vet,  coward  as  he  was,  he  liked  to  play 
tile  txi  ant  I  i.  _V)  I.  'i'liey  t.iuiited  liim  with  lii-  lack  of  rhetorical  -kill  of 
uliicii  ( ireeks  111. ide  >o  much  1  \i.  'ii.  lie  could  lie  iio  apo-ilc  lliis,  they 
arijuetl.  for  he  refused  to  accept  Mipjiort  in  return  for  his  services  (  xi.  71. 
Dili  not  this  very  refusal  hetray  an  uneasy  consciousness  th.it  he  wa-  no 
:ipo-tle-  wcr-e:  tliey  were  mean  eii'MiL;ii  to  iii-inu;ite  that  lie  kiU'W 

liow  to  comi)en>ate  liim-elf  for  any  l.ick  lie  mii^iit  suli'er  llirou:.di  hi-  self- 
denyini^  |M)licy;  he  was  not  alnne  helpinj;  hinjself  to  the  collection  —  if  not 
directK.  .it  .-ui\  rate  liirouuii  hi-  aL;eiii-  1  xii.  Hi  f.  1.  InetTective.  avaricious, 
cuiuuiii;.  a  tyrant,  a  coward,  a  cheat — ^as  such  did  his  oi)poiients  choose  to 
jiicture  Paul;  and  when  we  see  how  venomous  was  their  caricature,  wc  can 
hardly  Iw  surprised  at  the  indijrnant  vehemence  of  his  reply. 


IX'I'I.N  UU  i  riox.  1^;, 


[low  viTv  (liUcrciii  I-  ill,-  iv.il  r;mi:     |i  i-      .li-li.  .11,  t  i. 


inimaii  natiiri' 

that  MU-li  a  man  a-  In  -li..!:!.!  lur  liavi-  Ikvii  aau-ol  ,,|  ii,.,,ki,l  .l,.,!inu. 
J-:vc;-y  MIR-  UvN  that  lii-,  wn\;U  palpitate  with  -iiu-nily:  th.v  ar.  |.,,krn 
a^  m  \hv  .,t"  (,,.,1  (ii.  17.  xii.  I,,,,  anil  \u-  ,  Np,v!~  tlioni  t. ."appeal  1..  the 

un^Mplii.ticalol  iMii^i-iciioo  (  iv.  j.  v.  li  ).  It  lu'  tn..,liru,  ,  „-  r,.\or-i-  a  plan 
which  hi-  has  l>.niiol.  linTf  i-.  wc  may  Ik-  -mr.  a  .Urj.  an.l  siii-i.u v 
rcax.n  P.r  tlu-  f]ianL;>  :  li.,u,s,r  capai.ir  hi.  o.n.litrt  mav  Ik-  ..|  tni>o.n- 
Mriirtioii.  howt-ver  lial.K-  i..  ilu  rhar-<-  ,.1  \aci!!aiiM„,  h,.  1,V,'.  jik,.  Iii>  Ma- 
ter'-, is  inarknl  l.y  an  iiii-.\vir\  in-  inmr  o  .n-i-u  luy.  Id-  i.  ii.,t  a  man  who 
ha>  Vi-s  ati<I  \n  up..n  hi-  lips  nr  in  his  lu-art  at  the  -anu-  tinu-:  lu-  i-  a  man 
"'  <l<'ciM..n   M.   15-1.)  I.    .\ii.l  of  i-onraur.  t.«.,  in  -,,itr  ,,f  tlu- 

mian  inMmiali..n>  oi  in.  (.i.]..Munt-.  In  -piii-  of  hi-  mamt"..M  MitU  rin- -  an.l 
sorrows,  ho  doos  not  Io,o  heart:  hi-  >eii-e  of  the  .L;lory  of  the  .li^pen-ation 
of  uhieh  he  is  a  niini~ier,  and  ,.f  the  yet  hri;;hter  i;lory  that  awaits  him. 
hear-  him  iii-.  He  claim,  to  Ik-  alwav-  of  -o,,,]  o.nraLie'iv.  o,  S.,  and  the 
varied  an.l  terrible  dan,i;ers  that  he  ha.l  faeed  uiili.uu  tlmelnn-  |.,r  the  !i,'o- 
JH-Ps  sake  would  more  than  justify  the  mo-t  extravai^ant  claim-  —  dan-er-  on 
lan.l.  on  river-  an.l  ..11  ^ea-  1  \i.  jo  ) .  (  ),il_v  a  man  ..f  almost  -niK-rhnman 
devotion  to  the  cau-e  which  he  eml.race.l  wonld  have  v..lnntaril\  -ntler.d 
for  it  hardships  so  numerous  and  terrihle hnni;er.  thir-t.  cold,  impri-on- 
nunt.  stripes,  stonini;.  shipwreck  (  xi.  2.^  (T. )  to  say  nothinir  ,,f  tiie  continual 
exiKisure  to  mi-nnderstandinLr.  tn-aclu-ry,  and  the  -nhtler.  Imt  not  le-  cruel, 
forms  of  per-ecuti..n  (cf.  vi.  4  ff.  1.  He  can  truthfullv  de-crihe  hi-  life  a-  a 
continual  oompanyinf?  with  death  ( iv.  10  f.).  In  anodier  a-pect.  it  i>  a 
warfare:  with  the  mi-hty  weaii..ns  of  the  -pirit  he  fearle-dv  faces  tho-e 
••  hit^h  thinijs,"  in  which  both  Ilelleiii-m  an.l  Jn.lai-m  alike  aiM.,m.le.l,  that 
are  exalte.l  against  the  biowled-e  of  ChI.  .m.l  k-a.l-  them  captive  (  x.  4  f. ). 

In  all  this  hi'^h  enterprise,  he  was  sustained  hy  a  profomid  sense  of  iiis 
mi-ion  a-  m  ap..-tle  ..f  (  hri-t  je-n-  thr..nL;h  ilu-  will  ,.f  C,,]"  ( i.  n. 
His  (io(l--iveii  "line"  wa-  to  carry  the  i^o-pt-l  to  the  (ieiitile-.  to  .*>;yria.  to 
Greece,  atnl  heyond  Greece  { x.  \G)  to  the  fartlie-t  western  contines' of  tlu- 
w..rld  (Rom.  xv.  24).  He  moves  fr..m  jilaci-  i,,  pl.ico  m  his  trimnphant 
missionary  career  (ii.  141.  c.msci.ms  that  he  lia-  Ik-cii  en;il,le.l  !iv  the  -race  of 
God  to  Iw  a  C(^mpetein  mini-ter  of  C'hri-t  (iii.  3  f.  1.  ;tn.l  he  -ee-^  the  -ncc<-— 
of  his  work  with  a  deep  and  humble  s.itisfaction.  "  ^'ou  are  our  i  pi-tle," 
he  say-  to  the  ( ".  >rintliian-.  "known  and  ri-;i.l  .if  all  men"  (iii.  j);  h,-  tii.-.N 
and  asks  for  no  iii^dier  n-comsnendation  than  tlu-t.  !lr  i-.  pr.^iid  ,,i  i.i- 
Corinthian  converts,  he  trusts  them,  he  has  n,.t  he-itated  to  b.ia-l  about 
them  (vii.  4.  14.  ix.  V)  an.l  he  is  ovcrjtned  when,  hy  their  exhibition  of  true 
C"liri-tian  feiliiiL;  an.l  conduct  on  a  critical  ..cca-ion,  they  have  shown  to 
the  world  that  he  but  sixjkc  the  truth  (vii.  4.  14). 


126  INTHODLTTIUN. 


He  i>  a  mail  of  tlic  imniM-t  ^vInl.atllv.  Hi  -Inirc-  tlu-  wcaktu-  ..l  tlie 
wrik  .1.1.1  l.urn-  w.ili  in.li-nant  Mi:mu-  \\Ikii  a  l.n.tlKT  i>  cau^lil  m  ihc 
MK.r.'nt  >in  (xi.  .>.>!.  Ill'  l"vi-  lii^  o.nvcrt.  ,  xi.  ill.  he  will  most  gladly 
^puKl  ami  ho  six-tit  for  tluir  .oiils  (xii.  151  ;  a.i.i  .K\r.  wa>  there  a  ha^cr 
.I.umKt  iha.i  wlun  it  u.is  hinte.l  tl.at  lu-  li;u'  lulpol  lii.itMlt  to  money  which 
tlu  v  li.ul  o.lKrtnl  for  the  poor  (  xii.  \'>  i.  1  -  it  tiot  yom-..  -  he  >ays.  "  hut 
v,ui  ih.il  I  ^eek  •'  (  xii.  14).  The  won.Krful  .lelicacy  of  his  miml  comes  tuit 
in  the  pica  which  he  make,  for  a  lilural  colKction  t'or  the  poor  ot  jnda'a. 
Mom  v  i~  m  vrr  oiice  nu  n! ioiuV, :  i  lic  coiitrihulioii  he  solicit^  is  set  m  the 
bright  lii^lu  oi  (  hriMian  priviK-e  iviii.  ix.i.  it>  spiritual  value  is  Kl"r<fi«.'«l 
as  a  siihtle  hon.l  of  union  l.etween  .li^ant  churches  ( ix.  i-'-i4>.  -'ii'l  Corin- 
thian lilK-ralitv  is  sliniulaud  l,y  Iniii-  l.ron-lu  into  o.nipari~on  with  the  in- 
nniie  om.K-ceuMon  oi  liiri-t  in  exclian.^in.u  for  their  ^ak.-.  tlie  heavenly 
riclie-  lor  the  i.overtv  of  an  earthly  c:ireer  (  viii.  <)). 

Me  speaks  to  his  frieniK  out  of  lii.  ,  ilnr.,  of  l.i^  w.inn.  o|Kn  luait  (  v,. 
Ml-  hut  wluiT  the  .K-.-aMon  .KinaiM-  it.  he  i^  a  iiiaMer  of  in.ny.  Disap- 
pointed at  tile  ease  witli  uhuii  ilie  Corinthian,  have  allowed  themselves 
to  he  inipo-^ed  ui)on  hv  his  opponent^,  he  ironically  In-jH-aks  an  iudul-enl 
iuariii-  for  himself  as.  lik.  a  i..oi.  li.  roounls  .lann-:  tluir  patience 
\Mlh  his  ,,,,pomMits  >hows  thai  liuy  toliTate  foojs  with  pleasure,  and  well 
liuy  max.  .is  tii.  v  are  so  wise  themselves!  (  xi.  K^io).  He  is  a  hrave  man. 
he  admits  elsewhere,  hut  he  has  not  ilie  ><.urai;e  to  co,npa,v  luu.-rh  with  his 
,,,,,„,„ents-  in  hoastin-  he  knows  well  that  he  is  no  malcli  lor  tluin  (  x.  1  1.1. 
!U-  sarcasticallv  su--ests  ili.at  he  was  p.-rhaps  o„il,y  of  a  sin  in  accepting,' 
n..  remuneration  from  the  t  orinthiaus  for  his  services  as  an  evan-ehst  (xi.  7), 
and  a-lss  iliem  to  fori;ive  hini  tlii-  u  roni^  1  xii. 

It  is  ,Kar  from  ex].rcssions  like  these  dial  the  tension  hetweeii  i'aul  and 
ilio  t  nruithi.m  church  must  in  the  recent  past  have  heeu  very  ?,'reat.  A.iy 
resentment  of  his  authoritv  that  mav  have  heen  created  hy  his  ,hi.ii; 
order  in  the  fifst  epistlr  ,  eh.  v.  I  re^ai-diiiL;-  tlte  incesttious  ,n;m.  wouM  .  . 
.Wp'.N  inteiisifie.l  hv  the  ludaist.c  ai^itatois.  and  this  accounts  lor  the  larije 
space  dev..te.l  1..  them  in  the  sccoml  q-istlo  (x.-xiii).    He  has.  as  with  the 
(-.al.-itians,  to  assort  viuorousU   and  unauihiLMiousIv   that  apo^fiic  .lulhonty, 
which  iiad  Imvu  conlVrivd  nj-on  liiin  \'^  die  l.onl  ilmisdf.  and  wlios^  nUimate 
ohject  was  tlK-  ••  editicaiion."  tiie  updmildin-  ..f  the  church  ( x.  8.  xiii.  10). 
He  had  no  alternative  hut  to  deal  severely  with  his  oj)ponents.  for  the  honor 
•md  the  safetv  of  the  L^ospol  were  .it  stake.     I  hev  were  preachin-  anotlier 
l.,,.pcl  (  xi    })  uiiich  was  no  -ospd  (cf.  C.al.  i.  <>.  7)  :  and  the  dee],  contrast 
rKiueen  ilie  two  d.ispc-usatious  represented  respectively  hy  himself  and  them, 
is  over  present  to  his  mind,  and  siini^s  him  into  an  ass.ndt  upon  all  who 
would  wantonly  rob  Christianity  of  its  froetlom  and  its  ylory  uii.).  He 


INTKUULCTIUX. 


127 


speaks  witli  i)lainiu'^-,  witli  fiarU^iu--.  and  with  jw.uor.  a-  a  minister  of 
tlic  new  covenant  ( iii.  (i).  ami  an  anil)a^snlor  on  behalf  of  l  liri^t  (v.  _•(>>. 
The  love  of  Christ  constrains  Iiim  (v.  14)— Christ  who  i>  the  ^real  imariia- 
tion  and  reahzation  of  tlie  i)i<iiniscs  of  (iod  ( i.  jo).  l  hri.>t  wlio.  tltoti^h  He 
was  ricli.  yet  lor  our  -  ike>  heeatne  ]ioor  (viii.  mi,  (.  liri^t,  tin-  -iiiK  "  One 
(V.  wlio  died  for  all  (  v.  141.  t  hrift,  in  ulioin  the  ol.l  tiling-  are  pa^-eij 
away,  and  Iwhold!  they  iKConie  new  (v.  17).  Christ  the  I'niajuipator.  the 
Redeemer,  the  'rraiiM'oriiier.  the  -loriou-  L.^rd  1  lii.  iS).  It  is  thi-  -,il>lime 
conception  of  c  liri>t  that  explain^  at  once  the  earnotne--  of  i'aid'>  i)ropa- 
Sanda,  his  solicitude  for  the  churches  that  were  tlireatened  liy  the  insidious 
sophistries  of  the  Judaistic  agitators,  antl  liis  nncoinproniisin^'  as>anh  n|M»n 
tlietn. 

The  contrast  inu-t  have  i)een  very  uarkahle  between  the  pbvMcal  weak- 
ness and  the  spiritnal  power  of  I'anl.  Tlie  precion>  trea-tire.  as  he  s.-,id.  was 
eontaiiud  in  an  earthen  vis-i!  liv.  -).  I'.rateii  .iiid  brulMd  a-  lu-  had  been 
by  land  an<l  on  the  >ea,  worn  down  i)y  iiis  cea  -elcs^  anxietv  for  llie  clinrche- 
he  had  fonnded  ( xi.  jS),  sntTerin^'  from  an  inenrable  infirmity  winch  impeded 
the  proi,'ress  of  Iii-  work  1  7  fT. ».  he  literally  was  dyinij  daily,  and  often 
may  even  have  looked,  a^  h.is  bei  n  >n--\  si,  d.  like  a  dxini:  m.m.  \\  \  what 
a  Miperii  impre>-ioii  the  epi-lle  leaver  npon  ,,f  s|.iriinal  powir.  He  can 
accept  with  joy  the  refusal  of  an  answer  to  one  of  the  most  detplv  larnest 
]ira\irs  ot"  hi-  life,  becan-e  h\-  luiremoved  intinnitv  will  -ive  llie  more 
abundant  scope  to  tiie  operation  of  the  i;race  of  t'hri-t  wiilnn  him  (  S  mi. 
He  enjoys  nniipie  spiritnal  experiences,  in  which  tiie  other  world  is  as 
close  and  real  to  liim  ;is  tlii>.  ;md  the  sdn^s  uf  j'aradise  are  as  vivid  as  the 
ihorn  that  torments  hi.  ilisji  (  1  t'l".  1  :  but  lie  fiilK  conM  i.>its  of  the 
special  temptations  to  pride  that  accompany  -jiecial  .L;ifts  ami  e\i)eriences, 
and  he  has  the  ?rrace  to  interpret  his  intirmity  as  a  },'ift  i)f  Cod.  sent  to 
prevent  him  from  beiiiLT  "exalted  over-tnnch  "  ( xii.  7).  He  feels  that 
thoui;h  the  outward  man  is  decayinj^-.  the  iinv.iril  man  is  beini^  renewed 
<lay  by  day  ( iv.  ifi).  and  he  learns  to  t'ace  tlie  prospect  of  his  ,,wi\  death 
with  rptietness  and  contideiice.  Only  a  few  months  before  he  ap])ears  to 
have  expected  the  onnitiL;  of  Christ  (hirinL;  hi-  own  lifetime  (  1  ("or.  \v.  51, 
cf.  I  rius.  iv.  171;  but  till'  terrible  exiierience  at  i'lphestis  which  li.id  inter- 
vened (2  Cor.  i.  8).  and  p.  .-ibly  others,  had  convinced  him  of  the  hiijh 
]H)ssibility  of  his  own  death  before  that  comin,?.  The  keen  disappointment 
which  tiiis  conviction  nin-t  at  tlr-t  have  ;;iven  him  ^niduallv  mcltcil  In  t'ore 
the  tlionL;lit  th.it  death  would  but  udier  him  into  the  lie.irer  presence  of  his 
Lord.  In  face  of  death,  then,  as  of  dan!,;er.  he  is  always  of  fjood  conrage 
(  V.  81.  He  sees  beyond  the  light  afHiction  to  the  eternal  weight  of  glory 
(iv.  17). 


THE  SECOND  EPISTLE  OF  PAUL  THE  APOSTLE 

TO  THE 

CORINTHIANS 

,  I  i,-.'ini..ii  \\lurr\.iili  \vi'  I'lir^ilvc  ,irc  ccim- 

I  |,  .1  'i  ll  1  .f  (  iihI. 

,  ,     „  ...    I.-.N  n.n-.  U  '     5    l-..r      ih-  ...tT.-nn^-  ..1  I  1  'M  .,1...  in.l 

,,  I  .1  •/<'  l,..,tlH  1,   ill  11-,       '.'ir  i--n-^.i.i'i..n  aU..  II. 

'     '      '       '  1  'hrtst. 

\p,|  ul>.  III.  1         I"  'I. 
Miiir  . .  .11-.  il.i:  ii'ii   ami   -i'x  111   ulih-' 


,  ..'  i!,,    .li'iuh  ..I   1  .\lii'li       ■''  ' 

mil,,  uilli  .•(II  till-  -.mil-  wliuii  .lit'  1"  .111 

/,.  ,..  v..„  .11,-1  |H.;,.-...  fr..,„  ^iiVrln.il'  in  III.  '^iiVluni.:  ..I  »..•  -mi.  .y.i 

..;v  vx,;:,.f   I..-  1  1.  !;::';r;:;:;;;,,'^:, 


nun-US.  aii.l  llic  t....!  ..l  Ml  ..■•in..rt  . 

.(    \\  h..  .■..iiitort.  ill  11-  111  -I'l  •  '"■  "  ' 
talHiii.   ttial    w   may   I'r   .iM.  '■'■'"■■i' 
tlu'iii    uliivli   arc   111    ativ    11..11I.I..    I.>  Uio 


-lilt,  nim-,  -<i  thiill  .V.' 
-.ihitii'll. 


/ ,,  .  f,   ■I,, I    ( 1   1    >  I  the  God  and  Father  of  our  Lord  Jesus 

I  2     Paul,  an  apostle  of  Christ  Jesus,  passions  and  God  of  all  comfort.  I!ii> 

•      ■  -    .  .1      1   .1 ....  ...1.     .  1 1 1.  .t  I.  It  1-1 1    III    t  ini  iiilt*    ri-M       I  III  I    U  t    I  I'Cl 


,!„.         rli..ii  ..I  111-  .ili..-ll.-liil>.  llii'iiuli   >iii..noiial  I..yiniiiii«  ri-,  -  -.iiI  ul  nrriil  .x- 

..„-  lan   in  tlu-  iiili...l.u-ti..n  ici.  .  C.r.  ,  ik  , .f  ,1  ,11..  r  an.l uu  u In.  ,  ha. 

,     ,1.       „   n  iul.T.-.l   p.ri.liarl.v    n.r.-ar.v  I  «ivvn  I  ant  a  ,  ^y.    i  .a  -  .1  1.  •.,  .  ■!    a-  . 


(  llMll 


(  y  i..f  I     through  the  will  of  God,  and  .  Mii.a-  i  .11- ;  p!  »   n  .1  (  •  ■  > 

Timothy  the  brother.  t..r  uh.-.  r.v.  ,.- ,  .■..nt.nu.ill.v  1  ,.n -,        1  comforts  us 
,i„„  l,v'ilu-  (•..rinthian-    I'aiil   lia-l  .nhr-.-lt   aii.l  _  I  .ni..ili>  .   .a  J.^i.         luu  niil> 
n  ,arr.a-...|al.l.-   f.  ar-    (I   Ot.   Nva    10 1  ■    l„n-.ll  1  m  all  our  aflliction  III..1  .^ni.ial 

i„   „   ,,f    linuitliv   uitl.   Ini.i-.lf   l.'l    .l.nnil..,    r,n.     11m'.         '^".^  -|.mi!iu1 

,.     ,i,     ,,,  :,i,,,.,l  ,  -Vr.-t  .a  '!...n  h-n     .siuia.iUT  tlia!   r..iia  -   1..    I  aiil   1-   L.r  tlu' 

'  '  ;V\  ,      .  ...     Unto'l..n.in    ..l    tli.-   .•limvii,-.  .ii.va.  0.11- 

the  church  of  God  which  exists  at  Cor-      !r  ■  n  that  WE  may  be  ahle  to 

nth  M  (  .r  i      I    together  with  all  the  comfort  those  that  are  m  any  affliction 
sa  nts  that  are  in  the  whole  of  Achaea:  through  the  com  ort  w,th  which  we  on 
,  1^      .    .  (  ,,,.  ,  .    .  ,    11  .1    I  ,  our  part  are  comforted  by  God:  tlic  triio 
l\'r  lo'.'.r'nurrlv  iln-  .l.-Iru-l  mtlu-   o  .inf.  .1  irr    1-    \w   wlm-o  .mn    n-rnnv  has 

,  .ulilV.  i„ „■.,  „■  (•..niiili.  tlu-  omiMii-  ,.f,l...-.  ,l:Miulvo.n,i..rh..l  For.  as  the  suf- 
J,V  '.'.v   ■'   ■  11  ■"  ni'.i"!"!  ^ferings  of  Christ  abound  unto  us.  s.-i-mu 

,  ,       Grace  to  you  and   iii,,t  ilu-  l  liri-iiaii  i-  iinii<-.|  t.j  his  l.onl,  and 

oeace    from   God    our    Father   and   the   inu-t  -har.'  his  i-xiicru  no,;  ot  sorn.vv  (  ^laL 

1  Ir/ rhrist  uf  I  I  ,.r  i   i  -U  ^  -4  1-  J"l"'       -*"•        '  -M^  so  through 

Lord  Jesus  Chnst  .it  i  t-r  i  1  .u  .        ^^i^^  J^^^  comfort  also  abounds:  it  is 

llii-fii^^li  Christ,  nu-<liaU'(l  hy  llim  to  tlu'se 
/7m;//,>-ci.  ."C  f'"-  tlu-  /'/,-  /»(.•  r..ii-   in  tniiun  with   llun.    Tlu-  Inic  Chri-li;in 
■  nist,.ss  .1    <  II).  -li.Tfs  alike  in  the  sntTorni},'  ami  the  cun- 

stilation  —  in   the   one         .-iirci,,    a.s  tne 
Q-S.     rih  1.  tt<  r  ..pi  11-  «  tlh  tlu-  i-ii-t.miarv  olluT.  ^  j  • 

tlianU-uiMii.:     thi-  tiiiu-.  lu.w.  v.r.  lu.t  for     6.  7-   N?w  if 've  are  afflicted,  it  is  for 
,,,,,  ,.,„„iiii..n  a.i.l  piour.--  ni  In-  cnv.Tt-  your  Comfort  and  salvation  -  nn  .-vpc 
(I    (-,,r    I     nil     which    liiriii-h.-.l    litilo   ru  ncc  .iiahh'-  nic  to  contP  .n  y . '  ^ "    ^ '• 
Kroniul  f..r  cratitiul,-.  Imt  for  hl.-sin«  h.'    .;""»  this  tnak.  s  f.>r  y""r  ^-"'^ '^"f 
stowcl  upon  himself.   Blessed  is  (or  be)  if  we  are  comforted,  it  is  for  your  com- 

128 


t'u.  I] 


II  ('(miXTIIIANS. 


121) 


8    For  WC  wuiilil  iimi,  lirttlinii,  Itavr  >n,i       ii>  Win.  ilrlivrri'il  ii-  from  UHMt  ,T 

iuiinr.itit  nl  iiiir  Iri'iililr  wImiIi  . mu   |.>  !i-  4I,  ill).  ,iihI  ii.'th  ill  l?Mr    iti  «li  ■in  vm-  trust 

in   \-i:i.  iIkiI  nm'  w  it  r  |iri-^-<  >  I  •ini       iih  i>  lliii  wt'l  \.i  .1.  Iimt  in 

nri-.  alioM-  «lrtiii:ili.  iii^"!iiiuli  'hi!  ur  .|r        11  il-  '  i 
«|i:iirii|           lit  lilr 


  -    .1  .1. 

iiiir^iKi^.  lli.il  u  1-  ^limilil  111.1  tniv!  in  m 
~rl\is.  Imt  ill  <iiiil  uliiili  r.n^i'li  |lir  ili.i 


Ipiiik;  till;,  ill  r  l  >  iir.iyer 
11  M -.  I ii  ,1  I. M  ill.    'ti  mi, ,11  us 

I  iiu-.iiir  111  111. my  jirr^  "111  tli.iiik>  may 
n    In-  l'>  niii;t>  <'ii  mir  litli.ilf 


fort,  which  shows  itself  effective  t  iui<l 
III  It  p.i-^  )  in  the  endurance  of  the  same 
sufferings  as  we  also  suffer.  \\li.iitv<r 
llic  ii.iniii-  1.1  iln-  riiriiitlii;m  -iilTirinKs 
tii.iy  li.uc  lu  i  11.  tliiy  wktv.  in  ;i  -1  ii-i  .  tin- 
>,itin-  .1^  iViul-.  :iN  llii-y  wiTc  sti"  ni  .< 
I'/    i  aIii  Ii    1  itih    t"    il  l  III    ihi  1  li'jli  j 

llicir  uiiii  n  !i  1 1  nil  I  111  -111-.  Ill  !  lie  I 
liniiii-  >-i  iii~.  il.il  1. '11  1  ii.ilil.  -      ■'1,1.  I-  1.1  ill-' 

.'  I       And  our  hope  for  you  is  steadfast, 
knowing,  a>    \m    il".   that,  as   ye   are  | 
partakers    of    the    sufferings,    so  also 
,in    \r  of  the  comfort.    In   !i..ili   lApi  j 
ri.iin -.  tliiir  1-  .1   I'.il      ■niiiTnn  .11  nl  i!ii'| 
-.11111-.     Mil-    t'liiuiil   li  M    I'll    wliii'Ii    ilif  I 
1 1  ,i!i-l,itii 'II  lit  A    \.  ill  \ir.  ')  rc-t-  ha-  iin 
in.iiiii-cniil  aiilli.inn   ln't   rr-!-  nn  a  imi-i 
uiliin     III'    1-ja-iiiii-.     >■  111.     MSS,  |i!ar.' 
llh-    wnnl-   ■"hIiu'Ii    -limv-    it-<if  rlt\i-li\r. 
ill.:  .iiiil  iiitr  liiipf  fur  yiMi  i>  >.tiai!la-l.' 
allir  iIk-  ti'iii/oit  ( ur  suhiiliini )  in  tin  In-l 
clati-sf :  otliiTs   after  tin-   c,iiii/\'i  l   iii  the 
sriiinil  clan-f.    K.    V'.    (-.u   \Si-iiiiit  i'lul 
Jjiirtl.  which  fnllnws  tiic  sccuiul  alttni.i 
tivo,  M'lnis  pn-firalilf. 


niil-l    haM    III  1  11  ilr-in  ia'r    In    li  i\r 

lu  i  ii  i|(-i  riliiil  ni  -ill  !i  «iiii|-  a-  that  we 
lluiiiyll  i|-,«iirri    111    riaiiii-  tn  lir  alilo 
In  ilii  It//  tiiiii.^.  Ill  t'hri-l  I  I'liil   i\  1,(1 
were  m  >  weighed  down  exceedingly  be- 
yond (ouri  power,  with  the  result  that 

we,    uli  '  i     11  1."..    «  i-     ■  \,M  r    il.  -|iair" 
'     I  (lespaircii  of  life:  nay. 

we  ourselves  have  had  the  sentence  of 
death  within  ourselves     u.  \\<  u  a-  uihuI 


11!.  nil-  ,1    1.1    ill  ,■'  i; 
1  inr  \    1-   (In!'-    I  'I  ■|ii  Ti  11:   \  I 

!-'i  I  t    I  •!     till  -    L'l  nil     I  h  -1  11.   11  .      U  : 

,■.  'il    I  .11  1,    nil.  '11   .1    -I'll    .1    hi  - 

...   1  ■',.  .!. 


ilriM 


']  II,-  lUstrr.is  ,111,1  III,-  I' 


1:  i-lilll,-,'  (I.  .s-i  1  I. 


8,  9.    The  KciuTal  i<  irii  iii-i-  111  111-  -  111.  1 
iiiK-.  I'aiil  n<i\\  m.ikes  iimrr  -pirit'u-.  ili  nuli 
imt   Ml  -(uHil'u-  a-    «!■  iniiM   li.iM    ui-liiil  I 
lie  i-  aiiMi.ii-  llial  llir  ( '1 M  iiilln.iii  -  -Imnli! 
;i.Ii  i|ii,iti  1\    ii.ili.i'  !:"«    'ji'       Ill-   |"ill  li.nl 

I'  I  For  we  would  not  have  you  i^;- 
norant,  brethren,  concerning  our  affliction 
which  befel  in  Asia.    I  nli.i|iiii;>  u.-  Ii..\. 

liii    iiu  .111-    lit    Kli'iUiilLT    uli.it    tlii-    wa-  - 
will  till  r,  ;i-  -..iiir  -ii|i|ii  .-<■,  ■.[  ilaiiL^i  I'l  i'l 
111 (lull  rmilil  lli.ii  Ii.iw  In.  11  il.i--ii|  .1- 
mii-   lit    till'    " -nltiriiiL;-    i.|    t  liii-i."    \ .  r 
'  I .  nr  .'1  -Iiipu  iTik  III    \i    j;i.  nr  -I. nil' 
iiu  iiKiit  in  ilii  ri"!  ,it  l-!plii -u-  1  m\I. 
I  lie  iiarrali\r  in  .\i'l-  ilm-  11. .t  .i--irl  tli.il  . 
}';.-n!'-  iit.^'  \\  a.-  Ill  ila.nui.r.  I'lii  t!  i-  I'lTtaii!  i 
tli.it    111-   \\.i-   till'  iiliiirt   nl    iii.ilii;tiatit    ,<]>■  ' 
pii.-itinn  ;iiiil  r\iii  prr-riiilinii  ii   ('nr.  \v. 

xvi,  ()).  .•iinl  it  li.i-  III  1  11  -iiizi;i  -ti  li  with  , 
sonio    jin  ili.iliiliTv    th.il    :\    pint    h.nl  lii-i'ii 
fnrniiij  ,ij;aiii>t  his  Iifi'.    In  any  I'aso  the 
ititiiuiioii  into  which  he  had  het-n  liroiight 


V  II.  ••I'll  ii'.  1.  '  ,  .It  was 
that  we  minht  have  no  conhdente  in 
ourselves,  but  milv  in  liu  .•.Mi-in.irin 
God  who  raises  the  dead,  .  ihI  -  ■  r.aii 

piit.'lin  till  li--ir  'iiiiiilii  lit  ililuiiiiii; 
I'liii     ir.  iin  i/i  ili//v    .1    pi  I  II       I  Iir    II  I' 

i  iiili'  f \pi  rii  iii'i-  hail  lii'iti  ,1  v;ria!  -pin'n.il 
u.iiii  I  i  f.  \ii  7  ml. 

10,  It.  I  111-  iiiiraiMiliiii-  iiiii  r]iii-iiiiiii  .  | 
<iinl  in  hi-  lull, ill  w.is  ilu-  -ytnli.il  ,i|  ^ 
iiiiulity  lull-  ivliiili  wmtiil  fiirthii  slnchl 
him  friiin  .ill  fittnn-  i!.iiiv;rr.  hiinir  ihr  Ion- 
111  a  (itiil  who  delivered  us  out  of  tin- 

au-  iif  I  •A  I  so  great  a  death,  and  will 
in  till'  ftttiiro  deliver  i.t  m        r,  ' 111^:,  ac 

•  ■I'lmu  111  -mill-  MSS:  ntluT-  ntint  the 
-.'•■III-    .illiiKillirr :     liifnrr    llir     ti  ilii  .\mii.h 

<  !;•!!-••     tluy     -r.  '11     -■  .I'll  U  -•'pi  I  tlllilll-.  ) , 

towards  whom  we  have  set  our  hope 
(|  i  I  I  that  I  He  will  also  still  deliver  us. 

r -I'liiiilh  iiriili.'li  !■  'hi-  il.  : ',  I  t:iiut.  as 
I'.i'il  '-  -ni.i.^.'ii  .1  \.'.  (  1  :•!  iM-  ,■,,  •  .  - 
you  also  heli'.inn  toj;rtlKr  on  our  be- 
half by  '.  n  supplicatiiin,  that,  from 
many  persons,  thanks  may  be  offered 
through  many,  on  our  behalf,  lor  the 
i|i\  nil-  favor  '1  •'       1  11.  1  shown  to  us. 

I  111-   Ir  iii-I.il II '11   1-    iiiiliiiililr.ll)  .ni.-u  Ihit 

t.ir.ti ill  i.jiimI  ;   Imt    tin-   m  ili-r   "I  tin-   (  ii  ri-k 

wnrd-     Iiaiillv     -ii|ipi.rl-     'hr  1  r.iii-'.ii  1.  m 

l  it!',  r  "t    .\    \'    ■  T    A    k,    \'  ■■  •!;.    _  lit 

l>l-lii«ril  ll|liill  1'-  liy  lllr;ill-  It  lll.r!i\  I  pi  I" - 
-1.11-1,"    I  i'      llV     Illi  .ll'-     III     till  11     pl  iM  I  - 

tliniiilh  this  i;iM'-  iiirui'tlv  iiiiin-,;!i  the 
m'tliT.il  -1  ii-i',  th;it  till  ( '.  iniilliLiii-  pi  .iy  tnr 
•niil  will  ri  iiiiii-  (i\i  r  tin-  lU  In rr.nui'  of 
Paul. 


130 


11  COKIXTHIAXS. 


[Cii.  I 


PAl'I/S  DKrKNSK  ACiMNST  C'OklNTHIAX  CHARGES 

(i.  i-'  ii.  17). 


1^  For  "iir  rrjoicinK  i*  itii*.  llir  if^ti- 
niotiN  Mr  iiiir  (iiti-CKiirr,  lltat  111  >iiti|)luity 
and  K""ll.v  Miirrrity.  imi  with  lU'^lily  vm-. 
il.iiii.  lull  liy  llir  urace  i>f  <iimI.  wi'  liavo  hail 
iiiir  i>>ii\t  r^alii'ii  111  tin-  u.irlil.  ami  iimrf 
al'iiiiilaiill>  I'l  v>>ii  tt.inl 

l,\    Vi'V  wr  wnlf  ii"iu'  ciilur  lliiiii;-  milu 
ill. Ill   what  Vf  ri  .1.1  or  a<  kiM«  li  iim- ; 
atiil  I   tint  M    ^h.ill  ai'kii'Hs  ii  iLt  (\cn  |.i 
llir  fill  I  . 

14     \-  aNii  >>  liavf  at  kiM\\  li 'Im  il  11-  in 


■  part,  thnf  we  arc  your  rcjoicingt,  even  a» 
>«•  :ihn  iir,-  ours  in  the  day  of  the  l-i>ril 

jc»iis. 

15  And  in  flii*  funtidi-nco  I  was  tnimU-iI 
til  i-iinu  lii't'orc,  that   >!•  miKht 

lia\  r  .1  -111  'ii'l  1"  n,  tit  : 

1(1  And  til  l>a>-  l  y  \.iii  intii  Mandi'iiia. 
anil  111  (■(iiiu'  ayaiii  imii  nt  Maciili'iiia  iilitu 
ymi,  and  nf  ymi  In  In-  iirnttglil  on  iny  way 
til  ward  jndca. 


//i.v  (.Vii.-rii/  Siiii.-iiiy  ti    I.'  i4t        'And  I  hope  that  ye  will  acknowledge 

to  the  end,  re.  tn  tin-  «ri-at  day  nf  (!liri--l'i 
Tlif  iiit>n-<lv  lursiinal  tuni-  «i  tin-  in-  aiiixarinK.    as  111  imuii  i.i  i.m  you  liavi- 
tri'iliutiiry  vir^i'^  of  tin    I'l.t-ilr  i-  litTi*  acknowledged  us  in  part  —  that  we  are 

iiiiKliit  iiiil  liy  till'  fart  t!i  •  111111  Ill-Ill  your  boast,  and  (In-  diiuali'ly  a<liK>  you 
nation-  and  acni-atioii'.  or  'li-  I'.iii  "i  tlu-  ours,  in  the  day  of  our  Lord  Jesus,  tlu' 
('orihlliiaii-    liaM'   tliiown    I'aiil    ii|i.in    In-  i1,i\   ul.rii  I  U-  .iplnai-,  anil  t!'.  irtith 

di-ffii-f.  Ill'  li.iil  Ill-Ill  ai-i-ii-iil  of  a  linir-  .I'l.'iU  liiiiii.m  1  li.ii.uli  r  .niil  n:  .t!\.  will 
•mTMIIU  m-itu'ililv  1:1  111-  r. 'I  n-iuind.  lu'c  hr  lii:,iil\  .itid  ili  illy  riAi.iliii  Itii!)  a 
and    \  acill.itii  .11    in    In-    (■'■!!. Inn.    .iti.j    In-  '.,/,    ka,  ii.'iM  CMiitriniil.iti 

ri  |inili.it.  -  tlh-  i  li.ir.i;r  wHli  dicinl\  and  li till  rn.lunii  111-  m|  -lu'li  .1  '  u  l  1 
iiniili  111  111  :l..r    iii     I,;'.    S-  iiu-    lii""   >it)ioi  s  i  llu- 

12.  I  111-  -/'ip  i-.iniuit-  till-  p.ii  iLT.ipli  t  ■  ii  inll.ian-  .drr.Mix  .1.  kr  -a  li  iki-  I'.inl'- 
il..-i!\  uMli  \]!v  l.i-t  Ik  -'ill  loiik-  t"  llir  -nuriin.  Iln\  arr  )>r"';.l  ■  !  Inni.  .I'll  In- 
(  .  iiini  lii.ii  I-  I'll-  ill!  -iippiirl  ol  III' ir  1-  piou.i  ot  tluiii  iil  \i;.  1  ).  i\.  J>  -i 
pi.n,!-,    'I    .ill   li'-    Iil'r   li.i-    npi  11     •  t...tliil     .iml     yiiu  r.  m-     .ukiio«  li  iluim  nt. 

-t.nnp   .'I    '  r. Ill -pit.  Ill    -iiirrrir>.    For   our   ulmli  -Ii..\\-  imu  n.il  u.i-  tiir  r.  .niinniiMii 
boasting  is  this,  the  testimony  of  our   lutvMin    1'  nl    ami    In-    v  iuii  -     A  \'. 
conscience     .1       n-.inhi     r.u'liritl    -pc-iainl  A.  K.  \.  piiiuiu.iti'  dilli  ri  111  > .  lint  llii.' 
ii.ill>    -iii-i'n.    I's    !  -   i.liM.-n   to  t'liri-t  i  j^n-ncral  sciiM.'  Is  the  >.inu'. 
iMi     111  I      that    in    hohness    ilu    r.irr  i 

(i-,ii.r7)T.    1-    niofr    liroliaMc    tll.ni    ri~\"T-qTi.  ' 

.\:)iif!i.  :i\ .  -iiii;li  1K  -- 1   and  sincerity  be-        I'liiil's  Siiu  rniy  in  . /'mki.'-'Ii/ii..;  llts 
fore  God  1  In.    /  «iod    iitlu  r  niip.n  t.  d  li>  i  <>i  1^^111,1!  I'Lin  t  i.  15  .'.m. 

(iod  a-  a  Kilt  ol  His  uraci-.  cf.  m\t  cl,ui-i  ; 

or  -lu-h  a-  r.in  -land  in  tin-  inr-i  tu  i-  of  15,  16.  .\ftiT  airirniing  llir  K'-'ii  r;''  ^i"' 
(;od»  land)  not  in  ..n  atnio-plurc  of  iinty  of  In-  lilV  i  ri«<'Tpa..'.i)<iK-.  \,r  iji. 
worldly  (lit.  H.-shly)  wisdom,  but  in  the  Paul  pnu-ml-  m  .-i.iMi-h  'ti-  -..l-i i.-nl.ir 
grace  of  God,  tlif  atnio-plu-ri-  in  which  |  Mnci'nl\  III  I  iLiiiuit:^  hii  .n.  1!  ^kiii  lo 
I'.iiil  Ii.i1iitii.illv  lived,  did  we  behave  our- i  «o  ilirrot  fr.im  I'.plu  -n-  !  ■  i  '  . limit  IK- 
selves  in  the  world  with  wlmli  In-  mi--  In  i;iti<  with  tim-  irony:  .ill  1.  -  pl.n-  i!  pi  n.l 
>ioii.iry  .11  !i\iiii->  li.id  >o  ii-,\  1  l\  ai  ■•i.'ti  tin-  a--nmpti"ii  t'l.it 
(|iiaitit>i|  liiin.  but  more  especially  in  iti\  f,.i,  i.n-  in  hi-  -inr  i  rit>  And  iii  i!  is  <  on- 
relations  to  you  iKoaii-t-  tlirmiKh  In-  fidence  my  oiii;in,il  intention  w^s  to 
l.iiii:  -t,i\  in  ("ormlh.  tlu-  (  ■irmihi.m-  h.id  i  come  to  you  din  i  t  before  if  in;  to 
l.irerr  •  ippoi  t  iiiiiln-  ol  wiltn  .-iir'.  In-  sin  |  \larrdoiii.-i  :  iii-'i.u!  oi  iln-.  lu'  it. id  v;o'ii' 
CiTIIV.  j  tir-t    |o  MoiiM     ,1     1..;      \v-     31,  .illii 

13,14.   For  we  write  nothing  else  to  you  \MinM  ilm-  -n-  I'l.riinli  only  oti  lit- 

but  what  ye  read  or  even  acknowledge      \t,i\  -Mtitli.  «liit.:i-  had  hr  v,'  'tn-  iir-t  i" 

ill  iit\    liitii-  to  \on  lliifi-  .irr  no  -'iidnil  r.ni'l'i.     lii-     \'.  ■   ild     h.iw    |>,ii.l    tliriil  :i 

.imi."jMitii -.  llir  -iitf.irr  mr.intiiL.'  i-  t!-i-  Irnr  ,/,■/('■'/   \  i-il   ;it   l!ii-  tiiitr    -on   hi-  w.'iv 

IIU  .niitiu'      I 'ir  Word  pl.iy,  romin-'n  in  i'anl  a-  ui  II  a-  ''■•iit  M;  ii'oij.i      111-  wa-  in- 

iri     1    (~oi     \i     u.  Apiia'    .ii  i/i#iiu.'  ini.  nii  .-1     in  order  that  ye  ir.ight  have 

AaTa*>(iii'u' I  ii|Kin  di-a") ii-uiitmj  ;iiid  « iri") n  uiuAa',  a  second   i,  \p>.  ririUH    of   tlu    ,l'\iiio  favor 

can    hardly   be    reproduced    in    English.  ;  (x^'P".   rather   than    x<^P^.   joy)  which 


Ch.  1] 


II  COKIXTHIANS. 


131 


it  ( II til  ti\  11- 

••I    N.  i\   hi    wliuii  -I ,        •  I  IK  With 

tt    ill    I  lir  1  ! .    iin!   li.itli   .ii;     .    il   11-.   ; i 


17   When  I  thort-fore  uan  thii*  niiinlfil  in.it  \<-.i  .un!  n.iv.  Imii  m  turn  vr.i 
I  11*1'  liuhtiif  '  iir  thf  ttiinK«  that   '      .u    I'nr       the  |>ti'iiii'.. »  ni  liml  m  hitii 
jiiirpii-i'.  (Ill   I  |Mir|Hi-.i'  .uiunliiiij  tn  tl  ''  nrr         .uii!  m  him  \tiu       iitu  tli>-  ti'>''\ 
llr.li,  that   wil  l         there  shuuhl  Ik:  >«.i. 
\i  .i.  aii'l  lia\,  11  ly 

iS    I'm  ,/>        (1  ti      iiiir  wiinl  tnw  ir.t 

you  w  a»  II'  i!  >  I  A  ami  ii  ly.  i  (  i 

I')    I'lir  t!r  ^.  II  i.t   ti"!     !• -ii<  ('lirt-f.  I     jj    \\h,>  liatli  al-.>  >i  alnt  ii^,  ami  civil 
who  \sa~  pn  a' IikI  atiKHiK  ymi  liy  ii-.  .  ;  i  il  '  tlif  tarnt  --t  't  tlu'  Spirit  iii  ttiir  h>  .irt> 
\i\   nil   aiul  SiKaims  ami    I  iiiiuthi  n^,  \va>  j 

Paitl'*    vW\u    .tluayi    '>iKtiifii<l    tn    thcljcnis  Christ,  who  was  preached  among 

i-hurohi-«>.  And  a  lilt  rir->t  vi>itiiiv;  (.'uritiih,  I  you  through  us.  ti"t  throtigh  me  niily. 
liiH  plan  was  by  you  to  pan  through  into  Imt  through  Silvanus  i<<  Sila>.  x« 
Macedonia,  and  again  •m  my  way  l>.u  k  i  i  and  Timothy  a-  w-  l!,  \\lu>  h  ut 
from  Macedonia  to  come  to  you,  and  to ' pnaclu •!  witli  I'anl  at  C  unntti  t  Xtt^  wm 
be  sent  on  my  way  by  you  to  Judaeal?)  ami  win.-,  '.-Mtti..ii\  turn  i.in-  a.M- 
(I  ('■•r   -wi    \.  4V  jwriL'lit  t     I'.,  !;      was  not  Yes  and  No 

17,  18.     I'avl^  t.iilm.    t"  i..Tr\   ,.ut  tliis  !      !;•  ■>   'i    ■       j  i-  n    .    in  Jr-it-. 

I.i.;ii  11  1  til  all  -.iri>  III  nil-.  luTDii'.  mi-  U  liri-t      but   in    Him   is   Yes  iiuariiati- 

II  iii-lriu-tiun,  wliii'li  tlinnv--  .1  liirul  liKhti|liri'  tin-  lliminlit  .ihiiii;!  -  n  mipliM' ai 
nil  till-  -!i>|ili'ii  111-  iiIiI'mI        il.,    (  1  ■riM'lil.iii^.    i-liillillv      I'l';!   t'liiik     nl   t  hri-t   nut   a^  tin- 

III  iiiii-l,   ilicy   :iiL';.i!,         .1    IukIi    ni:M.   i.;ii.it   1  ni'ii  ■■lin.  ■  !    .1   .111   iiiu .  iiiipr.  iiiii-rik; 

>;illili  i|  HI  lllN  plailN  li>    ■m1---.i>i!     •  -!   w     ■  '    1;  "w-       '     1m"    plIIUlpK,    lillt     a-,    tllr  ;;lil' 

Oi  iii^iili  I  ,ltii  111--      I'.iiil  iipi'!                      1  !  tti' II!  .it.,i! ,    tl:i'    p<  rill. lilt  1'!    .111. 1  i\,r!t-t 

Willi  -'■liiiiii  \.lhiiir!  i,-     In  this  intention  >  .  i.     a  ilariiii^  .mil  N;.!.iiii'.|  tl 'int'I.t, 

of  mine,  then,  surely  I  was  not  guilty  .\   m   .I  iir.iiiil!\  i.  it    n  i.l.i';'  n  r  ■  tli.  p  i-i 

of  levity,  was  I?  1     r  'v"'"""ii      I  !i.  \  »       •   i-  i!  ■    .-••i  p'.i.    nuj  .iin;.!!  ~,iii- 

1,1.1  in -11111.111  il  1'  r  i:;i-  .1.111'.:  .  l'  pliii  t..M.'ii  "l"  iiiM  i  '  -Liiii.  iil  1  ,1  ^ju  1  .r  |.  .11.  ll.c 
W.I-    ..iil\    pill    I'l  i.il    iriiip' 11 1,  ii.i;    nilliliii.  Ill  "t  lit    I    I  pi-i  mil  •'   .iml  pi .  .pl'i'i '. 

1  '1   \    M"        ,(i'i  \"  '  Or   are    my  For  of  all  the  promises  of  God  n  .i'l'  n 

plans  dictated  by  worldly  < 'l.w'i'y.  a-  nj'    I'u'   • '  'i    li  '  ."ii  :ii    1  "i    rl-iwlnn  )  the 
p.'-  'l   1. 1   -pii:i::.ili   considerations,   that    X'ltriM.i' '"n.  i':.  Yes,       i-.m -11111111, iimti  .iml 
there  may  be  in  ilu'  Iiarki;i . mni!  1.1  my  s.ii  -i  uimh.  is  in  Him:  all  that  (iml  piir 
mind  the   fo)  "Yes,  yes"  and  the  "No.jp'i^i  -  in  'l--  i-  f  "fM  r  » pf  1  (Imir  in  t'lin  • 
no"  of  wliiili  ymi  ac.ii-o  iiu-    In-ti.i.l  .  .f  i  wherefore  also  through  Him  imn  an./  :;i 
KiiUTintsly  ;i--siiiiiiiiw:  that  lu-  li.iil  .111  h.  .11- j a^    \.   V'    lilliivMtiK  ^i.m,-   MSS  1  is 

•  •r.ihlc  rfa^iiti  fur  lii-i  oli.inuv  nl  plan,  ilu  y  the  vi-^pi  --iM-  Amen  ti  ('nr  \i\  im  cm 
ai-iMiM  (l  him  iif  lii  inu  a  Vcn  .-iml  .Nn  lliali,  ;  ihe  p.irl  nl  lIu-  rh  ir.-!:.  to  the  glory  of 
>a>itiu  \i'S  til  llay  and  i/.i  tn  iiinnnw .  .i.'  God,  through  us  111-  nnni-'ir--  t  liri-t, 
cnnlmtf  as  it  snitoil  hi«.  rdni,)/  chum  nu  iirr  j  ihi'  -r-  ii  Nliirniaiinti.  1-  ijrati  iiillv  ainl  In  ■ 
Taiil  is  in<li^tiaii1  at  tlii-ir  iiiiunilhy  X15.-  i  lu-\ iimlv  .iiipi..]iri.ii.  I  ihr  1  Ininli  111  hi-r 
pii-mti,  and  sciK-miily  np'i.i'r.  ■'  1  harcc  1  .  i-  \  ipprnpri.i- 
<>n  oath.  But,  as'God  is  faithful,  our  I  ""H  nf  (  ;,  1,  ./  ,  .,  )'..  ■  ,.11  n, 
speech  to  you  is  not  Yes  and  No.  1  I  i.i- :  !:iiii' m  ■'■>■.  thi-  w iiinli-riul  i. ■  i-  me 
-i  innu-r   li.i-             :  :K    llu-    ii.rn'   "t    .in  !  I'l      -i  '  .  n  ■    ihroiiyli  the  i>ri-ai-him;  nf  tin- 

•  ■ath,  tlionuh  tli.    Iiural  iiii.ri'iL:  i-.  t/jKn-l'iI  miiii-'i  r-. 

is  fiiilhful  in  that  mir  -p.  .  :i  to  v--    is'    ^21.  22.    H  U.  .i>  in  I  (  ..r  in         \\  .■(- 
not  yt-  and  no    ).     In  rani  -  umiK,  ili.  re  ! t'lr    ipn-'l.    p.i--. -.  .1-   ii    '■!..  !  ■  inn.! 
In  no  dcM-r  triiiiniintr.  no  imli-.-i^lon.  iniii-jor  hryi  inl  I'liri-t.  '1  <i..<l     lli      ■,  (,/■.;>■ 
priitiii»e,  or  iiu-oii-.iN|<.-iK"\  ;  thry  ari-  >r-  <■'  h.  '"         i-  •■ii'l  n 

no.  not  yi-N  iiiut  n.i.  Now  ile  that  .     ■    •.■     ?  ■        p'    .  stah- 

19.  20]    .\ni|  tin-  thoiivih'  .1  llir  viiK-,  :       lisherh  us  with  you  .  .luii-     m.  . 

ot  lii>  \vorii~  in  yiiiir.il  ii.M-  inni  lo  ■       in':        "i    '1     -p;  ■'•         i  -i-nip    ■  1' 
thmitjlit    ol    thf  nrf.ili-^l   ol    !ii-    « ,  .ril-,    -  1  ( .1  it  'lii.iii       into     -li-aiii  i-i  In 
his  u.inK  .1-  .-i  iin-.u-hi-r  ot   ("Iiri-i      .iiv!   T'^-U'     .1        ano    'ed    us  (liV. 

•' .    in.ilii  n.iMi-  oMi.j.itiiiii  tn  r.inipN  tc  -ii  n-  1   !  ir  .  is 

,,..u  ,  .v.i'ir.l  .1  Til.  nil-  1-  -Tilw  SO  scalcd  us  t-r   Hi-  n,<n 

For  the  Son  of  God  1  "("P  1-  p^it  I,    .  thn-    -niiinntim;    M  - 

Till   Ufiii   -n  !\  ,ippi  ir  in  ilii-  .  iiiph  i'ii-  pi,.  and   Rave,   m  -.n; 

till.-  olihsatmii  III  -iiici-iitv  |N  ihinu  K  i   ,.niw.'  11  \.-'-  11    i.s.   s  the 


132 


II  CORIXTIIIANS. 


[Ch.  II 


J3    Moriovvr  I  i-.ill  <i'"l  t'lT  a  n-rnnl  t that  i  woiilil  not  come  a^ain  to  you  iti 
MIM.n  nty  ^'lul,  that  Tn  ^\>:irv  y>u  1  laiiic  hi'.i\iiK'-s 
lii't  as  \<t  lint"  I'nriiith. 

.'4  N.it  for  that  \vi-  havi-  iloininii ni  ovir  linn 
\Mitr  faith,  Imt  an-  1r1iki>  ol  your  joy:iwliii' 
for  by  laitii  >i'  >taiul. 


CIlAl'l  KK 
I    I'.i  T   i  <liuriiiiiu<l  till-  with  niyj-fll. 


J  I'or  if  I  inaki'  -'>r\\.  wlio  i-  ho 
Kit  inakilh  iiir  ula'l.  l>ul  thr  -aitic 
1^  iiiaiK  ~i  'i  rv  liy  tiu'  r 
\nil  I  uic'ir  till'-  -anu-  unto  yon,  K-l. 
\\  hi  11  I  oanu-.  I  -h'MiliI  ha\<-  -••rmw  irnni 
till  111  !•!  uh"lli  I  .uiyllt  to  ri'jouT  ;  liaMllJi 
nmliilriKT  ill  all.  thai  my  joy  tlw 

y.'V  I'l  >on  .ill. 

4    l"or  out  of  niitcli  alllutiiiii  ami  .in- 


pledge  wln.h  o.n-i-i-  of  the  spirit,  in 
our  hearts,  tlif  lii-i  ni-ialhiimi.  as  it  win-, 
of  the  glorious  mill  1  ilaiu-i-  which  will  I'f 
ours  in  the  wurKl  to  loiiit.'. 

I  lu-  mill  wlnih  :lu-  a^  l;:!iiu'IU  takis  in 
tin-  pal  aci  aph  Li\.-  a  Khmp-i'  "i  tlu' 
luiL:li!^  iilM.;i  u';;.!!  TaM!  wa-  h.-iliiinally 
luiiii;.  II.  1-  ia|i.  Ihiii;  .1  vh-.irnv  of  in-in- 
larity;  ami  liv  icii.  l-  it  hy  -howiii};  how 
iiiipii-MliK-  it  IS  in  one  who-i-  life  was  a 
I'liiu  iiii'id  and  iinsw  ir\ inn  si-rx  ice  of  jinn 
who  uas  the  l  iuth  itself.  I  he  minister 
of  (.'liiif'  surely  eaiiii"!  lie  iiisiiieen-'  .Xiul 
for  a  itiiiiiient'  he  1'— -  -i'-ln  of  liii'is.li 
anil  his  ji.iiii  at  the  t 'rinlliian  sii-pii  JMiis 
ill  the  eiiiili-iniil.itii'ii  of  t  Ini-t  .as  tlu  e\rr- 
l.istitij;  ^  e,i.  till  1  u  rii.il  aliirniali'Mi  and  in 
e.iriiatioii  ..f  .ill  lii.ii  pure  hearts  ha\e  li"|ied 
fnr.  of  all  t!iat  li.i.l,  1,\  p.  .  '-  .anM  pr^pliels. 
h.is  priiini-.  d  |i.  d"  II'  --.in.U  f.T  all 
tmie  as  lla  I'lir.-la  d  ri  .di.  .ili. 'ii  I'i  the  di- 
\ine  pnrp  '-r,  .i-  di..ini!  li>  iT  re^e.iKd  lo 
ni.iii  ;  and  (i"d'-  j;lor>  is  eoinplete,  when 
pr.iietui  liiiiiiaiiit>  respntiil  to  Hint  with 
their  loud  .\nieii. 


raiil's  A'..;-  'ii  f.'i-  . // His 
(  ')  r^nui!  r'.iii  (  1.  J.;  li.  41. 

23,  24.  I'.inl  li.i~  rehiilted  the  eli  ir'.^e  of 
in-ni.iiilv  I'l  tiekliia--.  ii>\  ri  1  hele-s  the 
I'.i.  I  r, mains  ih.ii  hi  had  ili. timed  his  plan. 
|.,(\!iiv;  (iir  l.iii;.  r  t!HHi'.^li!-  inNi  whu'li 
la-  .11 '.';;u!i  lit  h.i.l  !•  .i  inn.  tie  imw  .uue- 
ill,  -;ic  ,  na-oii  iMr  tia  eli.nme  —  it  w.is 
nii.ilK  hi-  .I'lreli.i'i  for  ilu  ni.  But  I 
for  my  part  i'",>''i,  \\!i.it<\ir  iiii-eon-inie- 
t!un-  \oii  p-'  ■■!„  1!  in\  er'iidnet.  call  God 
over  my  soul  to  witness  to  i.il,  iii\ 
life  if  I  he  ■  that  It  w.is  uiili  the  ..hieet 
.1  sparing  you.  iliat  I  forbore  to  come 
to  Corinth.  I  nd.  r  the  deplorahh'  eii 
eiini-iaia-.      ri  win.;;    i   (  or  -  ;r    :;  \ 

er.il  .uhllip-i  -.  li  hi  h.id  l  ouie  .it  tin  Iinie 
ileierniiin  d  h\  the  oriL;in.d  ]il.in.  it  would 
h.ur  hi  1  n  a  rod  1  I  I  or    ;\    ji  1.  his 

visit  wouhl  h,i\e  ;;i\eil  p.nti  hoth  to  him- 


self and   theiti  :   to  sf-arr  them,  .ind  j;ivo 
till-Ill  liiiii-  for  .mirndiiu  ir.  he  m-iI-  them 
later,   oil    In-    w.i\    soiiili    !•  ,,11    .\1 ,1.  rdoui.'l. 
.Nil   sooner    has    I'anl    s.aid    this    ih.in  he 
Ipercenes  th.it  the  toiieliy  (..'oriiitliiaiis  ni.iy 
I  resent    his   explanation,  ;is   11    it  a--iitiied 
jtli.it  he  elaiimd  aulliority  leer  their  i.n'li; 
I  a  id  he  ni-l.iiill\   i^iiard-  .rj.iiii-t  iiii-iiiider- 
si.indim; — lor  m  tin   region  of  imli  ili,  re 
niilst    he    miK  pi  iidi  lire.     i    do    net  Iile.iil 

that  we  are  masters  of  your  faith,  I  am 
110  i\raiit     far  from  it,  our  task  is  to 
help  in  furthering  your  joy  1  I'n-  i-  p.in  n 
theiie.di — for  it  is  by  faith  that  you 

stand.  .\  Ir-s  .appropri.ite  leinlirriu  :^ 
"tor  in  point  i,\  I'.nili.  \  on  -land."  :  ,\ 
Vonr  po-iiioii  IS  unohiei'tioii.iMe. 

ii.  I,  2.  I  Iie-e  ver-es  liiriii-h  still  mnn- 
di  t.iil.  VoT  I  made  up  my  own  mind  on 
this  point,  not  again  to  come  to  you 
with  (lit.  in)  sorrow,  either  siilTerin>{  or 
iiillietinj;  it.  The  order  of  the  Cireek  words 
ill  soriii:c  raises  the  presumption 
tli.it  a  painful  visit  had  alre.uly  heen  paid. 
.\s  his  tirst  visit  to  C'oriiith  (  .\els  xviii. ) 
could  not  he  so  descrihed.  it  is  ditVieult  to 
tiiid  ;i  id.iee  Idr  this  o'lier  implied  \isit. 
It  u:i-  not  iiei-e- -.ird\  in  the  iiri  r\.il  lu - 
'Will!  ilie  tir-i  and  sceoiid  ipi  tk  -.  ;iitd  it 
1-  'a  v.  fore  opi  ii  to  siipp,,-,  li  ,,t  it  fidl 
li'  lore  ilie  lir-t  epi-lle  ( -i  ■■  1 11' l  odiietioii  1 . 
If.  liowiver,  the  order  of  llie  lileik  words 
he  not  pn-sscd,  Ihry  iini^kt  he  reiiilrred  : 
"1  iletermilled  not  ;ii;aili  10  eoiiir  to  you 
---in  sorrow":  i he  did  not  wi-li  his 
.I,', -.'III/  \i-it  to  he  in  sorrow.     l  uo  pri  \ions 

.  \lsits.  however,  seem  to  he  implied  liv  \ii. 

:  14.  \iii.  I.  In  our  iKiior.iiiee  of  liir  -iin.i 
tioii,  it  i-  iiiipo--dilr  to  lu  dosjm.ilie.     I  he 

I  ide.i  of  .V,"..  \-  I-  e.irriid  inio  \  cr.  j.  For 

I  if  I    I  <","••  1    make  you   (/  and   V"//  hoth 
1  niiili  iiii  I    sorry,  then  who  is  there  to 
gladden  (lit.  lh.it  i^l.uiJ.-iis)  me?    1  h.ive 
•  I  ody  but  those  whom  I  must  make 

sorry    ihl.    '-uf    rim    re/;. I         j;;,;,/,-  ...w.-y 
!i.  Ill  iiir)  — proh.ihly  ;i  (jetnr.d.  r.atlier  lli.iii 
.1  p.irt'iid.ir  II  Cor    \  1  rel'ereiue  IViid's 
\i-it  .at  this  time  <'.an  oid\  ean-i  pani 
,    3,  4.   And  I  wrote  this  very  thing,  in 


f'll.  11] 


II  COKINTHIAXS. 


i;ni-li  I't  liiart  1  wmu'  uiili'  \"\\  «uli  111. in\ 
tr.ir>  ;  linl  tli.it  >>■  ^li^uM  1  c  l;ii<\v'1,  I'lit 
lli.it  yo  iiii,i.;lil  InIK'W  tin  uhuh  1  li.i\r 

inuri'  ;iluiiiil,iiitl>    iMit.>  yu 

lint  if  .-my  t-;iii-ril  iirit  t,  Ik-  li:itli 

iKit  yriivt'd  mo.  Imt  in  part;  tliat  1  may  iii't 
MMTiliarm-  yoii  all. 

(1  StilVirifiit  ti>  snrh  a  man  is  tlii<  jtnii- 
i>Iimi'iil,  wliii'Ii  wtis  intUclcd  iii.nn 


I    7    .^0  tli.ii  i-diitrariwi-io  ye  vuiilit  rather 

lia|i>  >ncli  a  <«iu-  stumlil  bo  >\vall'>wi'tl  ii|> 
witli  II'.  trmiicli  >(<rri>w. 

S  WluTifiiri-  1  lii-rocli  yon  th.it  yi- 
w.iiilil  ronrirni  yi'iir  l"Vf  Imv.ir.l  1  '^v 

ti    I'.ir  tM  till-  >imI  .iN"  '!'<!  I  "I  ■ 
I  iniuht  know  tlu-  |ir..uf  of  yoii.  wli.ilur  yo 
Iif  ohi'ihiMit  in  all  tliinu'* 


order  that,  when  I  came,  I  should  not 
have  sorrow  from  those  who  ou^ht  to  ■ 
cause  me  joy,  confident  as  I  am  in  you 
all  that  my  joy  is  the  joy  of  you  all 

.  .iii'itlur  lull'  a.  kii'iu  K  ilunii  lit  "i  In^  m 

in-i.ilf  ^lurilii.il  iiiii'ii!  unli  thr  ( '.  nimlii.iiis 
I, -I.  i.  -M  I.  uiili  .1/.  of  thoni.  and  ni^l  .-iiiy 
,  in    \>.\r\\.    For  out  of  much  affliction 
and  angiiish  of  heart  I  wrote  to  you 
through  many  tears  —  I'anI  ua>  a  man  oi 
mil  iinotii.nal  iiatiiro  (  \i-l>  \\.  in)— not 
that  ye  might  be  made  sorry,  but  that 
ye  might  know  THE  LOVE  {a-ianvf  m 
iiniili.itic  position)  which  I  have  most 
abundantly    towards    you.    What  \v.i> 
"this  viry  thing"  wliicli    I'.iul   wrote  111 
tlic  anguish  of  a  liKiit:^  In  art  with  ■.iroani- 
ing  /rii;'.?/    Some  siii>P''^i-  the  nliTeiKi 
to  a  letter  whicli  lia>  imi  Ihcii  priNtr\Ml 
pi  p~--ilily,  however,   the   alluMoii   i-  ■-in'i>l> 
to  1  Cor.  in  whole,  or  ni  part      I  !u  /  ,."  - 
lunhir  reference  in  viT.      in.iy  In-  to  In 
clianue  of  pl.iti,  annotinei  d  in   1  t  or.  w  i. 
5;  others,  will'  more  pr. 'iMliil/y.  -niiposr. 
to  the  pas-.i'.'e  dealiit'.:   vMtli   ilu-   iinni  .r.il 
per-on  (I  tor.  \.  1.  uliieli  m.u   U'll  liavi^ 
lieeii  written  witli  Ir.n'-      I'm;   liir  In-.i 
a   uliole,   with    it-   i.  Iw.ki-   "l'   ( ■.iriiillii.in 
eiiiKMt.     faetion,     1.  \  1  K --lU'-.-.     v,t  piiri-i!i 
I \\  I.  etc.,  answer--  ,.t  K-.i--t  tolriaMy  well 
to  the  description  in  ver.  4.    (See  Intro- 
duction. ) 

The  Ki  Storaiioii  of  the  Otfcmlcr  ( li.  5-1 1 

5,  6.    The  S''i>''\'  of  ii.   1-4  reappe.irs 
in  thi>  p.ir.iKra|ih,  Imt  tins  tiiiu-  in  more 
p.irticnlar  sh.ape,  ihoiiKli  with  much  lUk.acy 
Taiil  refrains  from  ditimtely  iiaiimi':  1 
6  ToiotTot )  the  ••iTindrr  who  li.ul  c.iii-rd  it 
So  (ieiur.il   iii.I.  .  1  i-  hi-  allusion  tli.it  i: 
is  dispvttil  wlhiliM  he  w.is  sunie  one  v\''o 
liad  otTered  a  )h  r-onal  in-nlt  to  I'aiil  ( ci 
\er.   <l>.   or   t'le    inci -tnon-   per-on   of  1 
Cor.  \'  :  till'  I  lUiT  -1  riiis,  oil  the  wholi-. 
tnoro  prohahle.  Inn   the  p.. nit   1-  \'r>  ir' 
certain    (see    Intfodnetion  1     But   if  any 
one  has  caused  sorrow,  it  is  not  to  me 
a-  .m  imlu  idii.il  that  he  has  caused  n. 
but  in  part  — not  to  be  too  hard  nt"  11 
him  — to  you  alL   If  Paul  had  descrila-d 


liir  -.•!!. .1-  pro-n.ilinc  tlu'  whole  church, 
liu-  ..niii'lcr  ini'.^;n  li.i\i   hem  "swallowi-d 
llj.  l.y  I  \cr-s  ..u"  -..ri.'U  ".  -o,  II, ■/  Cios 
(Upon  huiil    .'.'!->  ht-ii:  ily.  he  ipi;dilie-  his 
-tatcmeut    hv    ni    f.i't.     In   point    of  fact, 
there  appear-  to  have  heen  in  llii-  inatirr 
.1  minority  .ippi-eil  to  I'.inl.  prrli.in-  1111- 
i.ikiii    ch.imnion-    ot    ('lin-iKin  "lihrit\.' 
who  fi-l!  little  or  lion.-  oi  till-  uener.il  -'i 
row.    Sufficient   .1   k I   i-nu.  ci.  Mark 
XV.        .\ci-  wii.  oi  to  such  a  one  icf. 
I  Cor.  V.  5)  is  this  penalty  ot  .  \cor,i 
nnmication  "1  I  ("or.  v.  i.t»  inflicted  by  the 
majority    -ck.irly  -onu-  wcr>-  .ippo-rrl  to 
it    -so  that  you  1  should  1  ii^'  k  ni:.  r  )h  r 

-;-t     ill    .-iImII'!'  11111'.;    llllll     t'  i  t  il.  ,  lillt 

on  the  contrary,  forgive  and  comfort 
I  him  I.   lest   perchance   such   a   one  i" 

Till. 11  Tilt  \'.  r  !i  •  ■  '111  ;  ;c  r !! .  >i  ai  !  li'  iiid  > 
be  swallowed  up  11-  c  .mi'k  '  l.  .1  ' 

1-    -W  .ikou  ■  .1    Up   !.\    •!•.     \  •.•!.•!  »    ••!    I  "ill  i-t. 

I  t  .  r    \\    511   by  increasing  sorrow 

not  "  o\  .  riui'cli  "   1  A.  \' ,  A.   I\.   \  '  ''"t 
■•  ak'Uiiiil  ii'4  ni  're  .•lU'l   ni"rr."  till  .it  la-t 
i!    Ir.'-'i^lit    kiin    to    di -jiair.     l  lu  rr  \\as 
notliin-  \  iii'lic'iv  r,  or  i\in  pnrily  piiinti\e. 

■■•  till'  .  \i-  iiniiniiic,,;  1  11;  it  li.id  in  view 
til,.  ...  ...j  I'.it  "■■!>   oi   till-  church,  hut  of 

the  ottcud'T  li'tn-  If  1  cf  I  C'  r.  \  ?  1. 
It  w;is  to  Ici-i'.;  linii  to  ri;lit  uiiiid,  to 
a  true  apprcctati  n  of  tlir  k  •line—  h>'  tia.l 
viGl:!t..-d.  The  es.-c--  of  kt-  un.-f  .at  ll'i- 
attitude  of  ll'i-  iknrch  -p'-.il-  .k .ipu'iitly 
Imth  for  Inin  .I'  d  f"r  it  ;  the  Ckri-ti.in  con 
science  of  t'orirtli  wa-^  more  -e'i-iti\e  than 
nianv  p;i--:i.ees  1  f  1  Cor.  wnuld  k  .id  n-  I"» 
-iippo-e. 

8,  9.    I'.aid  i-  .aiixi.'  -  '  t'  ■   ■  " 

pcniletit  reiu-tatiik  \\  lu  n  tlu  cliiircli  di- 
Iciplnie-    her    olVeiidi  r-,    1'    nri-t    he  with 

jsir^'W    .I'ld    willl    llo|  e.    the    ho]ie    of    ill.  IT 

;uki:::.:!c  v   t"r,i!i"n    Wherefore  I  entreat 

I  you  to  ratify  pv  e  l  ie alK  .  ;iri|  perliMi.-  .-veil 

i  k\    .1   f.  'Mill  c|,,i.  e.  your  love  towards 
him    -t'  .  V  ar.    to   ■'"■A  !••'•<  'he  /••  <• 

I  V  Lie''    r  •"'    -'••■w  -    !•  T  >i    '  ■•"i"'"!.    \ .  r 

ji  :  fur  tins  was  liie  object  of  my  letter 
,)  .  '.  •  (  !  \  t.  to  ascertain  the 
proof  of  you.  whether  in  all  respects  you 
are  obedient.  C"!-''!' •  nv.;  tlu  energy 
w'th  which  Paul  deprecate-  the  tiiouKht 
that  he  tvranni/es  over  the  church  (i.  24), 


134 


II  CORINTHIANS. 


[Ch.  II 


10  To  wlioni  yo  furRive  any  tliiii);,  I 
forahc  alM):  fcir  if  1  furKave  any  tiling,  to 
whom  I  fdrnavc  it.  for  your  sakcs  futi^inc 
1  it  in  the  iKTson  of  Christ; 

It  Lest  Satan  should  get  an  advantaK^' 
of  «s :  for  we  are  not  ignorant  of  his 
ilevices. 

\2  Fiirthcrniorc.  ulu  n  I  cum-  to  Troas 
to  f<riuich  Christ's  i;"-i't  l.  iiinl  a  door  was 
opened  unto  nie  of  the  Lord, 


IJ  I  had  no  rest  in  my  spirit,  liccaiise  I 
found  not  Titus  my  brother:  hut  t.ikiiin 
iny  leave  of  tliem,  I  went  from  thence  into 
Macrdonia. 

14  Now  thanks  be  unto  God,  which  al- 
ways causeth  us  to  triumph  in  Christ,  and 
maketli  manifest  the  savour  of  his  knowl- 
edge l>y  us  in  every  place. 


il  i>  iii^i  |His>.ililc  ihat  ohrdiriUi'  hiTv'  is 
nui  lii.ii  .lur  III  hull,  liiit  lo  Lliri--t. 

10,  II.  But  to  whom  you  forgive  any- 
thing, I  InrKive  also.  These  words  apply 
to  the  spei-itie  sitn.-llion;  they  ;ire  harilly 
here  the  statement  of  a  Roneral  priiuipli'. 
I'aul  was  one  witli  tlie  church  in  licr  sor- 
row, and  he  would  he  with  her  in 
lu  r  li iri;i\ I  ih  SN  nf  the  Nimur.  llr  aliim^t 
.spciks  lun-  .is  if  he  hut  follnwiil  llic 
eliurcirs  lead.  I  lioii^;li  he  ^pi  .ik^  uiili 
.ipostolic  aitthorilv,  lie  reco^iii.i-  and  <\iii 
eiii'i iiiram-^  ihr  atilhi'iii'  <>\  tlic  clniich, 
i  iili  I  liu  ni  III  1  -late  the  erriiit; 
lirnihcr  For  what  I  on  my  part  i<">ai) 
have  forgiven  1  hi^  ini-uim-s  is  a  srt- 
ili  cl  f.u  i  .  /•,  /  /  ),  if  iiiiK  ril  I  have  forgiven 
anything  Ik-  hkiIm  -  lii^hi  nf  his  iniyui-- 
lu  ---.   11        II,  ;    the   |irr,ii  i|ial   tinnu  —  it  i~ 

for  your  sakes  ihat  d  have  forgiven  iti 

( /.I-.  till  ll:i'  s.ikf  of  tlic  iiiiiiy  anil  wi  lfari.' 
of  ihr  chiirrh  I.  N'ur  is  the  !■  n'L'n  riu  ss 
diir  I'l  a  .si;is|  nf  s,  111  iiiii  ni.il  ci  mipassi,  ,n  : 
It  Is  a  i'''ni|iKli'  ami  s-'liiiiii  risi  nrani  m 
made  in  the  presence  of  Christ  and  wii- 
lU'ssed  liy  I  liiii,  I  Ins  s,  ,  nis  ili s| inci Iv 
preferahle  to  A.  V'.  and  A.  K.  \'.  (  iiiar^;  I 
"ill  the  frisiiii  of  Christ,"  ii\  as  His  di  Ic- 
>;ate.  The  nliiniafe  reason  for  the  fornive- 
ness  is  that  no  advantage  be  gained  over 
us  by  Satan  (of.  1  Cor.  v.  5).  as  would 
Ih'  K-'>in<'<i  if  ihc  sitmer's  excessive  grief 
«lriive  liiiii  to  despair:  that  would  he  the 
eliiirch's  Ii.ss  ami  the  Ailvers.iry's 
For  of  HIS  devices,  to  ruin  souls  and 
mil  I  he  church,  we  ate  not  ignorant. 
(  I  lu  re  is  a  word-pl.iy  here  hard  to  repro- 
«Iiicc.  "of  Ills  /.  ;iiir,7)i.i,'  devices  hi-  arc  imt 
i(ii<((ii,-,  II/',' "  )  l  liristi.iiis,  who  h:i\i'  '•  ilic 
mind  of  Christ"  (1  Cor.  ii.  if>)  have  a 
ki  i  11  eye  for  the  wiles  of  the  adversary  of 
Christ, 


Paul's  Th,tiihs':!:-iv:-  at  thr  t.'.-xti  \',-u:t 
I  l  ,1111  i  \'i  iiitli  (  li    1  J-I-  ). 

13,  13.  \l"!i  r  ill.  iliert-ssi, 111  nn  iln-  sur 
riuv  I  11  1  .  1.  111!  il  li\  |!:r  sjiiiiri  r:iiil  n -ninrs 
the  si,i|\  iif  his  plans  to  \isit  t'orinlli  (1 


I  -M  f  )  ■    Now  when  I  came  to  Troas  on 

riy    w.iy   In    Cornilh  .Maceilmiia.  for 

the  prc.icliiiiK  of  the  gospel  of  Christ, 
and  a  door  (cf.  1  Cor.  xvi.  <j),  an  opjior- 
iiiiiity  for  preachiiiK.  was  open  to  me  in 
the  Lord,  the  sphere  of  all  Paul's  activity 
—  a  door  through  which  he  would  other- 
wise >>ladly  have  entered  —  I  had  no  rest 
for  my  spirit  because  I  did  not  find 
Titus  my  brother.  He  expects  Titus  with 
news  from  Cormth:  but,  so  excited  is  he 
hy  the  failure  of  Titus  to  appear  that, 
Krt'.it  niissiciiary  ;ind  pre;iclier  as  In-  is, 
he  lias  lo  ;ili;iiii|.  11  an  excellent  oppm- 
iniiily  for  prc:ichinK  at  Troas.  ;iiid  pushes 
on  ill  the  liiijie  of  iiu  elniji  Titns :  a  tine 
Ustiinnny  to  his  snhcundc  for  the  Corin- 
tln:ms:  I  bade  them  good-bye,  and  went 
out  i.f   \si.i  into  I'm  i|u.  Macedonia. 

14.  Now  to  God  be  thanks.  .Vnilmiir 
cniilii  he  iiiiiie  aliinpl  nr  sI.irihiiLr  than  lliis 
l">fnl  cry  which  hrc;iks,  iiiiiiui|i;itii|  ;in(l 
niu-\pl,iiiu  i|,  imn  ;i  n;irr:ilnc  of  lr:i\rl-  - 
ihe  iiiiirc  st.irllni,!.;  :is  it  mimcilialcly  fnl 
I'lVVs  :i  cunlrs-iiiii  iif  .nixuly  .-iiid  iiini  s|. 
\s  I'anl  wnlcs,  ih,'  wlii.le  scene  ll,(s!us 
.luaiii  npi'ii  him,  ;nHl  his  s,,.il  kimlKs  uiili 
ihe  iiieiiinry  nf  il  -  -nf  Imw.  with  hc:itin)i 
heart. Jic  had  |nni,'ci|  fur  ;i  si,.;hi  nf  l  uns; 
how  finally  he  had  cniiie  with  the  hcst  of 
i^iHxl  news  from  Corinth,  iichs  which  cniii- 
fnrted,  reassured  and  rejoiced  hiin.  The 
sinry  is  fold  iu  vii.  5  f. :  hut  at  the  nio- 
iiieiit  I 'aid  is  not  thinking  so  much  of  the 
meeting  itself,  and  the  news  Titus  liroii);liI, 
;is  of  the  overw  helming  evidence  it  fur- 
nished of  the  irresistible  power  of  the  gos- 
pel. :ind  of  his  own  success,  under  God. 
is  its  minister.  Hence  tliiiid'.t  tw  lo  Cod 
who  always  and  everjrwhere  ( in  rtcry 
ti.i.  r  cniius  at  the  end  of  ihe  Si-,  <'nd  par- 
Iicipial  cl.nisc:  Init  the  effect  of  its  eni- 
]ili:ilic  pnsnimi  is  pcrlKips  hcst  nndiriil  ;is 
.ahove)  leads  us  in  triumph  in  Christ. 
I  he  nieanitiiT  i;f  Bfnaudtim  i-  ji-.  coil- 
teM,  a  little  ditVicnlt  tn  fix  On  the  analogy 
of  MO«n«iu).  "to  make  a  disciple"  (Mat. 
xxviii  10).  it  ini«lit  nuan  "to  cause  to 
irimnph":  and  tliis  tits  in  admirahly  with 
the  sense.    Paul  is  restless  and  anxious. 


15  For  we  are  unto  God  a  «wcct  savour  denth  unto  ik;itli ;  and  i.'  t!u>  oth.  r  the 
of  Christ,  in  thim  that  are  saved,  and  in  sav.iur  ..f  life  unto  htV.  And  wlu>  is  sut- 
thcm  that  perish:                                     jficicnt  fur  these  things? 

16  To  the  one  wtr  are  the  savour  of  j 


yit  now  (ns  tlu' 
the  victorx  i>  lii' 
hy  A.  V.'  "Vh. 
alwa\ >  i,ji(,Vi7/i  II 


-tiliul  sliow- 
.     riii!.  i>  tht' 
iiks  he  miio 
i  1,1  frill  III  f'li." 


)  anil 
(lod 

riu- 


l.lkl'll 

whiili 
scein- 


iiiK  ilcfiat  IS  tran-lornuil  into  a  victory. 
1  he  word  Opiafifiiiui^  howivcr.  liappetis  aUn 
to  occur  in  Col.  ii.  15.  where  lis  nu-.minn 
is,  lieyond  dispute,  to  "tnuiiiph  over."  In 
a  dou'litful  pa^-aKe.  tlie  proved  lueaninK"! 
a  word  oit^;lit  aluays  to  he  niven  a  fair  1 
trial:  is  this  meaning',  thi'ii.  pi'-'-iMe  lure.'i 
"Thanks  be  unto  (iud,  who  hiiinil'hs  <'.ii  i 
us,  or  li\ids  us  ill  tiiuiiipli,"  as  a  Roiiian 
general  hi.s  capli\es.     The  first  impression 
is  tliat  tins  tliminlit  at  this  puint,  is  some 
wliat  irrelevant;  thi«  -.votlld  draw  attention 


The  mef;iphnr  of  the  triumphal  pii>ces«ion 
1,  prohahly  maintained  in  the  second  clause, 
thuii^h  It  seems  to  change  //<•  /<Mii*  US 
III  tr  mill  fit  and  manifests  the  savor  of 
Hie  knowledge  through  us   1  m  every 

pl;iee».  Tliese  word'"  -  ■  lul  l..!>  .'.;n  to  I'nr 
e:ir>.  Imt  they  coiueyil  a  hii'ih.nil  and 
siiKKi^live  t>ictiire  to  the  re.idei^  oi  I'anl. 
I  he  reterenee  aplie.ii  -  I-  he  to  the  elouds 
ot  nu-e:i-e  \\\\w\\  v^^-'  I'loin  .1  innhitude  of 
allar^  a'-  tile  Inumph.d  )ii  ■ '.on  moved 
oil  ii>  way.  Hie  v:o-pel  pio.,  ..-lou  h;is 
.•ils(>  its  nu-eii^e  :  \\!;ere\er  \\  i;o,      Hie  air 


he 

pf  lus 


111 
.ht 

.\ed 


not 

T.  11 

1  1  ne  :  hnl 
'as:!   tli.tn  nr,e\- 

uf.  i.  I ;  I'll, 
nuaninu  of  llii- 
mih'r  r<U\.i;:t 
nil\  ~pe,l^ 
■,r  1--  the 
Cod  hy 
ver. 


to  r.-iiil  as  the  ca"'      .  where 
thinkiiiK  o'  hnr  .  '        ^  ■.■tor- 
triumph,  ;im;d  leli.it 
tiotliinR  is  com 
Iieeteil    turns  o 
,iud.  ret:niniiu  t'      ,  i 
Mill,    :i    siil'lle,  hut 
tl  ouyhl    enurL;e>.     lie   i>.  liniii 
iiiu,  the  \ictor:  Iml  ihe  real  \  let' 
power  hy  ulneh  he  1-  dri\en.  the 
whom  lie      iii-pired  ( ws  f\  nmr, 
i'anl,  the  e\an«eli~t,  like  Anio-  the  )itophet 
1  \nio>  iii.  1^1,  i>  ~wept  aloii.i;  hy  tlii^  irie- 
si-!ihle    power:    it    is    no    more    he  that 
-pe.iks.  h'lt  the  spirit  that  sp<;iks  in  him. 
II is  victory  is  (iod's  victory:  he  coinpur- 
men  I)ec:mse  (Jod  has  coniinered  iiim.  .\- 
tlie   triumphal   procession    of    the  gospel 
moves  iihout  the  worUl,  Paul  moves  with 
it  :is  the  prisoner  of  God.    Tliat    is  the 
Wonderful  setting  which  Paul  gives  to  his 
mi^sionar-,-  ionriieys;  and  such  a  striking 
and  ori;^iiial  turn  of  thought  is  altogether 
worthy  of  1  lini,    I  h'  n  •  ves  as  a  mi--ion  iiy. 
oftetl     hmi'ly,     nil  iri'h  r^tooil,  per-eeilted. 
from   (ilaee   to  i' 
nu  et  w  nil  di^.ipp' 
in  him  the  gospel  i- 
fresh  coiKptests  :  he 

it  as  a  triumplKil  iirocessioii,  with  the  111 
visihie  (iod  as  the  compiering  ueiu  t.il,  ami 
himself  as  a  gla.l  captive.  I'.iit  this  cap- 
tive shares  the  (ieiierai's  trnnnph.  he 
Iriiiillphs  indeed  in  llmi.  'I  his  nuaning 
h.'is  uv.'cll  the  s;ini.-  isxiie  .-IS  till  other,  hllt 
it  IS  far  more  eharaeterisiie  of  the  d:irni'.i 
mind  of  Paul  (ii>d  hads  Paul  in  trinnipli 
in  Christ-  the  triumph  of  'i"d  is  ettected 
through  Christ;  outside  "f  Ilun  there  is 
no  divine  triun:t)h,  hut  only  im  Him. 


is    redolent    w:;h  . 
w  he!  iter    hy    linn  w 
t  in  isi     (  ef     \  er.    I  s  i 
-iluhlies  whu  h  hU  nd 
knowledge  of  (,od  comes  ihr- 
I  his   -.,c\  or  Is  niani  les'eil   ih< . 
/.(■>  (  ,"  I  r       i'  the  presence 


A-ii..., 
■  He 
or  (, 
111  lla 
•me 


f  t  !i 


ill 


-tlalls  ;i 

pie-'  tliiti:;  ill  the  world 
h.  .ir  al.ont  with  them 
(  \er\  where   tiny   go.  tin 


nil' li  I  s'  ,iid 
tv^o  p.>- 
U.i  Ih.il  Ihe 
.iii;h  C  hrist. 
II, /i  ii.v  ;illd 
ot  i'.inl  and 
,  is  the  sim- 
■  teet  I  hey 
atmosphere ; 
fragrant 


w  r.h  C  hrist  :  and  when  we 
we  tear  >ure  that   the  g 
is  moving  on.  tli.it  the 
victorious  in  them  i 
victories  through  tlniii. 

15,  16.     I  here  is  here  ;i  geiil 
•  f 


111 
air 

are  near  them, 

ispel  proi'es-loll 

I'ouer  whuh  IS 
ld\ aiu-iii'.;    I'l  flesh 


th 


iinl  .ihu' 
Might , 


■  st 
III 

savor;  lure 
tho-e  who. 
ill  suueriiy 

,.',  .■)     I  OiTM>?  I 


he    SI, 111-    otteii  I'l 
lit  aii<l  <h  feat.  Ihit 
marching  on  to  ever 
h;is  the  e\es  to  , 
with  ihe 


iiupereeiitilile  tr;insinon 
\ir  14  the  kilo\U-tiiiC  w;is  the 
It  is  the  apostle  limiself.  ;ind 
hk<-  hmi,  preach  the  woid 
I  \  er.  17).  I  he  neutral  w  oi  .1  . 
here  h.eom.s  .<\.\l  s.t:  "  i  o',.-.:.!  > .  uhi.h 
again  is  ii:inirall>  r'i'l.u''!  '!>  !  1  li.dtli, 
Ver.  I'll  h\  ':ie  iiiiitr.il  woi.l.  For  in  ihi' 
e\es  ,1  ( ,  .  1,  to  God,  we  are  a  sweet  savor 

of   Christ;   tli.il  tluv    are    r.  .loh  iit  ..f 


Ihrist, 


mid  <  1'  'd  Is  w  I  II  Jill 
(  ,..'1,  h'lt   ti"t  all  nu  n  — onl; 

:ii  1-    s,  ,111,     w  ]  1, 11 11    it    I  i-pe|s, 

11:!!;:.  IHT    o)»  ■  .lie  -   ilUl.'lt  J .  or 

are  being  saved  and  in 
perishing   1  f'  r  llu'  e.  .nit  ,1 
1,S  I.     In   h,.l!i  e.t-i  s   !h'  :i) 


.1  u  ilh  ill'  ill 
.iiie  ;    lliei  I 
This  fi.i^iiiit 
in  them  that 
them  that  are 
t.  1  I     1   <  ■  'V  i. 
-n  .k,    pr.  u  her 


1-    ,1    .V.-.,,/    sa\,,r    /'  .\leu  ilecide 

their  inner  cpi.ality  ;in'!  ihrefore  their 
ili  wliiiy.  h\  their  attitude  to  ilie  gospel  and 
to  the  111(11  from  whose  life  streams  the 
fr.igr.iiiee  of  v  lirisi ;  to  the  one  it  is  a 
savor  of  life  unto  life,  to  the  other  a 
savor  of  death  unto  death.  These  phrases 
again  sound  remote  to  its;  .nnd  to  rnm- 
plicate  the  ease,  the  te.xt  is  uncertain,  some 


II  COKIXTHIAXS. 


ir  I'or  wi'  arf  nut  ;is  mmv. 
rupt  llic  vM.ril  III'  ( Mill    1,1:1   ,  -  . 


[Cm.  II 


I'm  ,1.  ut  Cod.  ii^  tlif  si^ht  of  (iod  spoak 
A'  III  Christ. 


1 


MSS     M.,.l)in;  tl,, 

I'l     111!  .    ,   ;■     .1.  .,til  I. 

)>"iii  hi.  I.    1 1  tin 
at  il~  lull  \  .ilui  .  1! 
(Mil      1    li.iu  t'.r 
nil  II  wii  !■  (>i  ) 

llli-   .iIhI   ilr.llll.  ll.l 

can  al-ii  ^r<-  Ii.pa 


-llll|ih 
..tin  I  - 

pn|...- 
i>  lull! 
lie 

tlu-  -.u 
.  llu-r 


I  -  W'^V 

'  -  I  \ .  ir 

;.il.rll 

II  (  iiii- 

.    -ll^  Ml 

III  I  '15  I 


.L't  llll  t\  1 
.lllillll'^  '' 
IIIi'U 

t"  .  xi.j.i 
yn-.il 
'1  ;.\.M/f  \ 
I'  't  ]!■■  i;.  i:il  :  I  .lie 
'■r  niii^lit  In-  ^.iiil 
lull  Ih'W   <-.'ii|.l  ii 

llllc-^     llu^l.-  Ill' 

:,-lli,r    iitdl.  ill:,! 
Initcr  In  ri-.nl 


to   1111,^11!, ll,-    ill    (»■/.  I     lllf,  1 

aNci  iiri;;ni.ilc  111  ili  alli  • 
Ki'iiir.il  |iiiia><N  I'lT  lilt, 11; 
iilti,^,  :li,  i  (/r,ii//v.  il  >tiiii 
the  Minidc  mnilixi-.  "a  savor  nt  Iifo  nnlu 
|if»'."  I'r.  wliiisi-  ili'im-tit  is  life  and  wliuvf 
issiu-  Is  liiV.  as  o|)|Misi'd  to  till'  sainr  with 
<lt'alh  for  its  i'lnnoiit  and  dcalli  for  its  rinl. 
The  phraso  suu^.sts  tlio  fearful  emitrast 
lielweeii  the  destinits  of  men,  aceurihiiK  as 
leeipl  i.r  ni.ei  L;..-]iel.  Despite  its 
Iraur.inii- "  .mil  li.  autv.  it  ilm  s  not  al)- 
'I'l'i  1^  c  iniM  I    ,1  1„.  .|.  tliiniv;li 

1  '  'I  I  '  -i-!aiier       <|.  a!li 
And  for  these  things,  I'anl- 
niinisiry    with    res|i,inNiliiljiic,  ai"! 

aw  I'll.  iMihini;  Ir^s  than  life  and 
who  is  sufficient?    //  1  are.  is  ihe 
an-urr      lli..iiuli  11..!  indi  .  d  of  mu- 
oiit   -:iHh'u  ne\   i>  ii.-in  I  i..d  (  lij.  3  ). 

'  'ur  i  \  aiiL'i  lu-  \\ ,  .rk  in  siii- 


th 


till  111 

«7- 

for  a 

IsMUs 

diatli 
iiii|ilii  I 

SI   1\  I   V.  1.111 

For  ui 

irnlv.  and  0/  tlu-  ;  <.  i;,-,-  ■■'  i,.>./  I  lini- 
si  ll    we  are  not  as  the  many  1  oi  iro.Woi: 

SOllll        MSS       M.ld     Oi      XlKTiPt.  !,Sf)  who 

adulterate  the  word  of  God  i.  r  tin  ir 
own  prolit,  .1  I. m  i  ll  i.,,  r|i,  r  .idnlterat.  s 
his  wine,  but  as  out  of  .1  li.  art  ..|  trans- 
parent sincerity,  yes,  as  nndi  r  .inptini: 
from  God  and  in  the  presence  of  God 
we  speak  in  Christ,  i ,-.  in  fell,  iw-liip  with 
Him:  our  sp,,cli  ni.ives  uilhiii  th.-  -plure 
determined  hy  our  rei.iti.iii  i..  Him. 
KamiXfvu)  iv  to  ;iot  like  a  sm.ill  sho|i  kn  per. 
to  sell  ri '.lil.  then  to  make  a  prolit  hv 
adnll.  ratmi;  mu  's  wares.  In  tliis  \.  i.rd  he 
■  M'l'"  !''-  I"  h<  ulaiu-iiiK  .It  his  jndaisr-  .i|)- 
l'"'''  "'  ■  ■  l  i'.Mim  hy  the  disoiission  of  the 
.Mos.iu-  dis|)in,,itioii  which  iinniidiatelv 
follows  ( iii. ) 


I  In-  -iiiii  iu  t--rni-lii  -  a  sii.i;(iesti\ de- 
"•■npiiMii  ,1  til,  ,,!,  ,!  ,,r,;„-li..r  Th.-  onlv 
in.m  uli.i  IV   ,ut}i.  .  >it   i,,r  tin    ministrv  ..'f 

the    ;.;ii-p.l    li,     pr.H-l.inn-.    li-'    win.  pro 
e!.imis   It    111    il-   ni'iia  n    u  I'lj    ,  ani|..r  and  | 
s:ii:,-<  ily.     Iteliind  liiiii  is  (iml,    nid  it  is  m| 
III-    I/;../-;',;/',  11    1  (/,  1    |li,,i    h,     .|„  1  |, 

(;arries  aUmt  witii  Inm  a  iii>;li  and  purify-  \ 


iiiy  Mil  l  -.1  revponsiliiliiv,  for  he  never 
all.iu-  I11111-,  If  til  ii.ij-et  that  his  work  is 
hellii;  \,  I'm --1  11  l,y  llie  unseen  (.i.d.  that 
It  is  dull.'  in  fi,\u-iici-:  and  Christ  is 
ll:e  alinii-plu  r. .  as  he  is  the  theme,  nf  all 
'lis  pimdalli.ilioii. 

I  II.  rr  .ire  i.  u  ihiiius  more  woiiij,  ri  in 
I'aiil  th.iii  tlh'  ntiulUy  em.itiim  1,\  wia.h 
III--  -"111  u.i-  -wi  pt  as  he  eoiit.  mpl,,;,  ,] 
ei  rl.ini  -niipl,  i.,.  i-,  !,■  m,  .  i-  I  im-  .nid 
liiar-  tr.iiii  inm  unml  new-  i.i  f.iriiilli; 
and.  Willi. mt  .\.ii  wai'iii-  In  ull  11-  tli.il 
jic  .^1"  1  limi.  lu-  Imi-is  lilt,,  ;i  li\iiiii  of 
jiilMl.itii.ii.  rill-  uas  liiean-.'  In-  s,,w 
diroiiyh  th,'  laet  t..  the  (ind  wlio-e  tMiiiiipli 
World  it  illn-iralrd.  I'.inl  li.nl  all 
llehrew-  Kelini-  |.  .r  di  ti  i!  iii.t;  tlie 
siKiiitieanee  of  lu-tnru-  i.ut.  IK. 
d  Ins  eNpiTienee.  ;iiid  he  ri  !iii..s 
iin-pe.ikahle.  heeause  he  tinds  do.l 
I"  his  ei.ii«iltened  ey  .  Ins  eluek 
-sioiiary  career  is  in  reality  an  tin- 


in 


Ilu 
the  old 
spiritii;ii 
c;iii  r.M 
with  ji,\ 
there, 
eri  d  mi 

hr.  k.  ii  trinniph  of  (iod,  alvvavs  atiil  cvory- 

w  111  re. 

I  li.'  pre.ioher  or  the  tnissionary.  whose 
111  art  w  a>  sustained  hy  the  vision  that  I'aiil 
saw.  could  K"  on.  amid  weakness  and  (lis- 
.ippointmeiit.  from  strength  to  streni{th, 
liopiiii;    .aiiil    .l.iriiii;    th,-    |,r:iM-t  thinn-S. 

lr.i->  .-l>    frmu    ji.  iiii!    1..  |M)int 
wirld.     prr.u-hiiii;  here, 
inrrli  tlii  re.  In-  iiit rrpr,  t.  d  ;is 
Iir.  iee--ii  ,ii  ,.f  tin-  ..;..-p,.l  .-iiid 
1-  cipliM-   Ih-  wa-  liert- 


tin- 


d    will  I 
nil  n 


w  .  re 
.  \i-t. 


Willi  tnr 

e\en  in 
i.  -'.  J  (  nr.  1.  I  I 
111  '.\  -    Ti'  n-   hr.  •! 
•  iiii  lliiiiir  nf  tlu-  - 
;riiw  111,1;  into  III-  1 
read   tin-  triiini|)ii 
nf    <  in.l  ;  .iinl. 
'le.  their  .aptiM, 


.l.-n-.  a 
niinii  r.il 
.ind  that 
•-;lit.  had 
-imit  of 
li\rue-s. 
n!  the 
in  Ills 
sliar.  d 


nil 

raid's  nwn 

tlnnllylloiu 

fniiiidiim  ,-1 
llie  Irniinph 

of    III.-    (  jl 

aii.l    tli.-re  1 
eliiirch   o|    (ill. I 
("nriiith  (  1  (',  r. 
.-hnreh.   In  iln- 
(Ir.irly   i.-;iiiL;lit  si 
.1. -us.  .-iiid  w.i-  i 
111  .-ill  this  I'.nd 
Kositel,    of  Chri- 
splendid  par.id.i.\ 
til- ir  \ictory. 

StiKKi'stive.  too,  is  his  compari-mi  of  the 
iiilliunce  exerted  hy  the  ser\aiiis  of  C'lirist 
to  ,1  s.ivor.  It  is  true  of  all  His  servants 
tin  K-s  than  of  the  preacher.  Wherever 
'li.>  an-,  there  should  he  fraRrance  —  per- 
\a-ive.  undeniahle.  irresistihle.  .-X  Chris- 
ti.iii  without  this  redolence  is  as  impoisihie 
,.-  uu-.n-i-  wlm-i-  pn -i-nce  is  imfelt  hv 
iiio-.-  wlin  ,Mii,,.  II,;,,  i;  It  penetrates  tli'e 
atiiin-pli,  re  ,ind  comiiels  attention:  so  must 
11  he  with  thn-i-  who  are  in  Christ.  I'nited 
with  I  Inn.  and  -iciire  in  llim.  they  must 
il-o  lie  ri  di  h-iii  of  Him — so  plainly  aiui 
unmisiakahl)  thai  their  nresciKe  is.  as  it 


l  it.  IIJ 


II  CORIXTIIIANS. 


Wire,  a  iiirpitital  cliallciinc  to  their  iii- 
viroitiiH-iit,  upilliiin  si  i:  ■,  atlrailiiiK 
others.     I  hi'y  a  I'.ini;  stamlard, 

whii-h   ci'inin'U    nu  n    iiu  •  >ltinlani\    i.i   t  \ 
pii^i'   till    IIUUT   i|Ualll>    Ml    l!n  ir   liiv.  li 

tlic  iiuiiiiLT  vi  liwir  amtudt  and  r<;=iiuuji:  i 


tu  that  "  swi'i't 
sirraiiis  irMin  Hn 
whi  ihi  r  iiK  II  arc 
in'iiiK  vavi  tl  "  or 
pcrisliiin;.'" 


•avor  i>l 
«ir\  aiit^. 

"  alllMiij; 
"  aiiiuiig 


t  liri  t  "  wiiu  li 
Clial  lU'tiTtiiiiii't 
thiisi-  that  are 
tliu^i-  tliat  arc 


138 


II  CORINTHIANS. 


[Ch.  in 


TllK  (ILORY  OF  THE  APOSTOLIC  OFFICE  (iii.  i-vi.  lo). 


CHAPTER  .V 

I    Do  wi'  I'fRin  anain  t<>  comnuii.l  ••ur 
sdvi-s'-'  or  nr.. I  wf.  as  vmu'  otiuis.  ij.i>il.> 
of  c.tnnun.l;."  ..i  t-.  y.m.  or  leturs  of  com- 
jiHiulaUoii  fr.mi  you? 


J  N \-  :iri-  "iir  .pi-tU'  writtfii  in  our 
lu'irt-.  kiidXMi  aiul  nad  i>t  all  men: 

T,  /  ,.),;.vmi(. /i  OS  v.-  nianilcMly  rte- 
,lar..I  t..  1..'  f  .c  ipivtioof  Christ  niinistcre.l 
1,\  lis.  written  not  with  nik,  hnl  with  the 
Spirit  ..f  the  livinR  (i."!;  n-'t  m  tahks  of 
sl„w.  li  It  in  tUshly  tahK>  of  the  heart. 


7  /a- 


i^  ,,niitluiiiis  <i'v  /'.ik''^  /•';"'" 
,1^  /v'iiiimmriii<ii/i'"i  *•'<■ 


•r.    IN.  -•> 

.  -a 


Or  do  we 

pr.'Ii.ilily  at 


The  tone  of  trinniiiliaiit  .c.iili.l.iu-c  wtih 
which  the  ap..-«tl.-  h.fl  .I'-'-'l  i'"  .l'';' 

UuU-  My  U  MM,  !..  ...11  tortl,  u.u 
l„s  oppoiu-nts  wli.,  li.u.-  a  kr.M  ->-,nl  I.T 
anvthin«  that  l.-k>  l.k-'  s.  li .lunu  n.l.il..  .n 
llu-  part  ..I  tlu'  .,|H.-.lK-;  aiul  tin-  1.  a.K 
li.,n  1..  I.nnu-l,  nil..  In-  ur.at  .K  t.n-.-  ..I  tli.' 
nl.MN  ..I  llu-  a|...-l..li.-  ..liuHv  A-  -  an  a)...- 
VU-  nf  ChriM  MM.  hr  1-  mil. 

ivicr  .'I  a  II.  ;.'  iliM»n-ati.'n.  wli.-.-  iiiinn-u- 
ulorv  i-  ur..iilv  li.i.;liun..l  l.y  omii.aris.m 
«„l,    111.'    ..l.r  M"-a'.-    .l.M'.n-aIi.)n,     I  u- 

1,„,         ,1,..  ,Mu    1-  -uall.'U..!  np  in 
^.v.-.lnii.^    -J-iv  llH  "'I'"- 

vvr:!<-  Willi    li.   in-iiilit  of  one  WM"  nniliT 

^,  1  l„,tli  ,li-pi-!i-.iU.>iis  ilK.ri-n^lily  —  tor 

h,  1:  1.1  lo  ll  a  faillilnl  anil  /lal.m-  -.rvanl 
,,t  l...ili  aii.l  «iih  the  entliu>iaMn  ot 
oiif  \\li.>  lia.l  f..ini.l  p.ai-.-.  i.'.v.  aii.l  tmaliiy 
in  the  n.w  spiritual  ..r.Kr  cnal.-.l  '.v 
I,s,i>  ("hn>t.  I'lie  p.-.nliar  point  ..I  Hu' 
o.nipariNon  .lep.n.ls  ..n  the  i-r.. lindane, 
that  the  (ipi>oiHiit-  he  is  here  e..ml'aiiiiu, 
belong  to  the  |.»i-li  ;.ariy  (cf   \i  ' 

1.    Are  we  beginning   -  m  iiu-  pr..  <  .i 
iiiK  verse  t  ii.         i"'  li.">  I'nii-^  ll  .'P- n 

to  this  ehar.i;.'.  .in.l  lie  e..iiniiiu~  m  \.r 
wlier.'  he  .K.-lare-  lli.il  li.'       -a  . 
nimisi.  r  ..f  llu-  n.  "  ,-. ,  i;.,iit  -  again  to 
commend  ourselves?     .ipimi.  ntly  a  ia\ 
orii.-  i-liari;.-  aja-iin-t  llu'  -il.--'!..        "I:':'  ' 
M.iiu-  ,  Ni.re-i..iis  111  1  <."..r    ( .  t   i\.  I?.  Mv. 
iS    \      loi   1.  .11  .1  .-•■loiaMi-  .-N.-iiN.-.  luiiee 
r.iil    111-    ..iM'-'ii.         ha. I  al-.>L;.-tlier 

„,i-i.;i.Ki-!  ;  III.-  Ml.  .-t  ill.-'  r.l.r.-nee-i 

,1,.  ,.iu-  kii.  w  h.-M.-r  lb:. 11  I'  l  l'  lli.it  •■  not  he 
111., I  .-..iniiu-ti.l.lli  liiiii-.-ll  1-  ;iiip.-ove<l.  hnt 
Ih-  uli.-iii  ill.  I.oi'.l  .•..niin.-ii  l.-lli"  lie  lU'es 
,i,,i  11.,.!  t..  null.  11.1  hini-ell.  I.>r  he  ha- 
th, ..t  llie  l.or.i:  it  is  "  wril 
hirnr  "  111  the  -iioee-s  .>f  his  ministry  at 
O  liiilli  I'.T  the  same  reason  he  nee.ls  no 
e.>iiiiiieii.latioti  fro-ii  them;  the  very  eMst- 
ctue  of  the  Corinthian  church,  which  owes 
its    (.rinin    to    him,    was  cominctMlatioii 


en.  iiiiali    ui  1 

need,  as  some  ..      .-  ^   , 

111-  opp..iu-iit-  ni  171— letters  of  recom- 
mendation   to    you?    .-siir.U    ii.>t.  Ilii-y 

I,  \,.  i;..o(l  n-.i-,'ii  t,i  kii..\v  linn  welU  luit 
t,,r  liiiii.  u..iil.i  tlien-  liaxe  Ix.-n  a  Corin- 
ihiaii  eliiir.li  .at  all:    It  to  others  he  was 

II.  .t  an  ap. -tl.  ,  at  any  rate  he  was  to 
llu  111  .  ihev  were  tlu-  seal  of  his  .ipostleship 
I  1  Cor.  i\.  .M.  I.eti.rs  of  recoinmeii.lation 
« i-re  freipiently  K<ven  Christians  to  the 
.linrch  of  the  (list rut  to  which  they  were 
K.'ing:  such  a  letter  was  i;iv.  11  .\iioll,.s 
when  he  left  Kphesiis  for  ComhiIi  ( 
xviii.  J/l.  Paul's  ..pponeiits  hail  prolialily 
hrontiht  such  letters  from  the  Jerusalem 
chiir.-h.  Or  (/.'  ".■.■<'  Irtl.-ts  r..,.;ii- 
mriul.tth'ii  from  you?  .\s  little  lu- 
lu.t.ile.l  l.-llers  of  r.-<-,  iiini.  n.l.it  1.  ,n  llu  in, 
.lul  he  nei-.l  such  1,  it,  r-  ti.nii  tluiii  !■> 
o'lu  r-.  1  11,-  en  ,l,  ii'i:il-  \\li:,-'i  lu-  ,-oii''l 
,-\ ,-rv  u  Ii,  r,-   ].r,-,iit    uiili   e.>iiti,l,-ii,.-  w.ro 


ii 


■  I'. 


.111,1 


llu-   I'oriir.h:  .'I-  I 
kiioun  --.i.-.-.  —  .iin..'i;-      .  m 

2,  3.  YE  are  cur  letter  ■  1 
.l.ilioii.  .1  more  .-.'lis  iii.-iii'U  I,  -tun 
.my  urivi'ii  willi  n'k  "ii  p  i].,  r 
mi  a-k,  .1  for  iii\  er.  .1  r.tial-  ' 
\..il.    /  .  epi-il.  -      I  lii-_ 

i.piii   I'.'V  llu-  iii-l'.  ,'tioii  .'I 


lii- 


il- 


UllllU'll- 

iii.il  til, in 
\\1k-ii  I 
point  t.. 
t, -niiionial  is 
all  the  world, 

/.  i;,.;.  II  i/ii./  I. '  V  "I.'".  I'lit  it  is  also 
written  in  our  hearts.  Hie  tiyiire  snu- 
t;,.-.,il  liy  the  •■  Utter"  is  Hot  W,.rkeil_out 
Willi  -iri.  t  C'lnsistency :  at  one  time  it  is 
u nil.  11  iip.'ii  Paul's  heart,  at  aiu.ther  hy 
I'hrist  ( ver.  .^)  u]»m  the  iiearis  .if  the 
(."..rinthiaiis  themselves  (ver.  Hut  the 

nu  anini;  is  pel  I.  etly  dear.  Paul  hears  ahout 
with  him.  nr-'^en  upon  his  heart,  the  mem- 
ory of  his  fruitful  ministry  ;it  Corinth a 
inini'try  which  was  at  once  a  cons.ilatiou 
|t.>  liiinsflf.  am!  .1  l,--iiiiiouy  to  tlu'  worl.l : 
I  for  the  Corinilii  iii  i-..i;M-rts  w.t.'  an  epis- 
tle, known  anJ  read  , -,  •■-'•"•■='•'7  '^i 
dl•a•>ll•u.o-^ou<  I  >i  1  ;  f.  i  ,1  ^iiiiil.ir  w . .nl-play, 
cf.  i,  !,!>  by  all  men  ilu  |, .inuluii;  ;in,; 
the  pr,,..4r. "I  llu  ,-'i;'r,-li  in  miiiiorai  I'.ir- 
inth  w,.ul.l  he  ,1  ni.itter  of  wi.le.  alilU'-t  i(»i- 
i-crsal  interest.   The  testimony  home  by  the 


Ch.  Ill} 


II  COKIXTHIANS. 


131) 


4  Aiul  ■.iich  tni»i  have  wc  ihrDUKli  |  (>  Who  also  liatli  made  iin  aliK-  iiiiii- 
Cliri>t  to  (iii<l-«aril  :  ;i-l.t  -   .1    ilu    iii  w    It -.taiiuill  .   not   o|  ilu- 

5  Not  til, It  ui  ,in  -Mttuunt  ni  iliit.i.  I.  '  ..f  till'  ~|iirit  fi.r  tlic  letter 
st  lvf'  to  think  any  \\nu^  .i--  of  ourselves  .  >  killitli,  Init  the  -.pint  gi^i'th  hfo. 

Init  our  siiftiricncy  is  of  i',x,i\,  j 


Corinthian  fhiin  li  i>  /•/./iii  { <,'ia>'f point i-ot  \  . 
I'anl  -1'.  .il,-  ot  Its  nii  inliiTN  manifestly 
being  an  epistle  of  Christ,  (■  wniim 
liy  C  lirt>t,  n^inistered  by  us.  the  hmnan 
ainainu'nM>  of  ihi-.  Ii\in«  ipi^th-  wa>  Paul, 
hut  thi-  ri  .il  aiithi^r  ol  it  \\a>  (."hn^l.  1  he 
traii'tiirMiatioii  in  Coriniliian  rliaractt-r 
\>  1  1  tt'nteil  \t\  tile  »nn/.i/'\  "I  I'.ril.  hi,: 
!h  u.i-  the  innn^iiT  ■■i  i/i  he  uf  tr 
hnt  .1^  he  was  pr..ni|ilic!  I  v  l  .\n>l 
tln>  lettiT  u.i->  written  not.  .iiili'i.ir\ 
h'.ini.in  ti>inn..ni,i!>,  with  ink:  --ki!  ic 
the  lettiTs  of  r.  e.  iinnii-nil.il .11  l>!>.iii;':  !  , 
r. nil's  o|.poiu  ii!s  tri.iii  Jrr!:-.,i',  111.  until  :i 
\Mlii  inh  upi'n  iMinT.  aii'l  "t  ih.in-.Uc. 
iin|...'.inl  I.i  pime  .iii\l;  ;ny,  X.  i 
U'li-  .li  m'.il-.  but  wniliii  with 

the  spirit  of  the  livinii;  God:  ili-  IiM.r 
U  i.  Com  iiu-iiii!.  heiMti^i-  li.  hivcl  ji 
■^pii-t.  p"Uir.  /;.'(■.  (,  'i/.  Thr  iii:m  ul  .i 
v.i-.  Ill  p.  .s,, -sj,,,!  ,,f  siu-h  a  K"ir  "t  e'iiii- 
nienil,!!  ii  ill  iH  i  iU  .i  no  iloi  niili  nl.ii  v  al!i  s:,, 
lion  from  an>hi"i>.  he  uas  .ittesi,.!  !>  I'lc 
minllty  spiritu.il  ronlis  tiial  an-Miuiijiiiv.', 
aiic!  follosved  his  ministry.  'I'lie  letiir  to 
which  he  ai)pealed  was  eonviiicini;  heeaiisi' 
of  the  material  upon  wliicli,  as  ui  II  .as  th. 
iiisfritment  l>y  whicli,  it  was  writtui:  fi  r 
it  was  wriiiiii  not  upon  pai>er  or  tablets 
of  stone,  but  upon  the  impri  ssihle  fleshly 
tablets  of  the  heart.  I  lu-  l.tters  tli.it 
e;irry  real  persiiasi.  n  ,,r  conviction  must 
he  writU'ii  tlhic  In  iliis  coiiiucti' .n  the 
sl^'iir  t/  .I'.'.v  1  "iiie  .IS  .1  surprise,  .-is  thi- 
Oi'iiteM  is  lie.iliiiK  with  I<  iters  uriM>  ti  uiih 
i/i*  _aiul  III  ct  ss.irily  upon  a  vii>  ihtTerriit 
surface:  hut  I'.uil  is  preparin:;  the  u,n 
here  for  the  ure.-it  conn,,-!,  w '  eh  h.-  i- 
ali'Mit  to  el.ili.  ir.itr.  hrtwcrn  l!;.-  Nh.s.ii,- 
ihspeiis.in, .11,  n  pn  s,  iii.  .1  1\  'lie  '.i!  ',;-  ,,| 
St'  "lie.     and     tlie     ( 'hi  im,,,!!     .li-pri  ii. 

iiiipnise    .'itid     .i'iii...plu  ir     is  the 
spirit      I  lie  ci.titr.ist  had  alre.id\  hi  en  sni. 
i^isted  ill  the  «rial  pri.ph.cv   ..f  Jernfiih 

.',1  ,;4 )  w  ho.  n  .ih/inL;  tlu  iua.h 
r|ii:ic\  of  the  i.'dir  dispriisat i.  .n.  c. .iiitorti  d 
liis  he.'irl  ulth  the  \i-ioii  ..f  .i  dae  whni 
the  law  would  In  no  in,.re  :i  ri,  ,.i  i  \- 
ternal  ordinances,  htit  ;in  mw.ird  thiiii.;, 
written  t:pon  the  heart. 


The  most  convinrinu:  jiroof  of  a  tnan's 
compftonce  in  any  sphere  is  the  work  he 
has   <ione.    Written    statements,  whether 


dr.iHii  lip  1>  Imn-i  If  ..r  |.\  ..ihirs.  rri;,iril 
lllv;  Ills  pinMi.  iirisi  In  uI'Miia'iiv  riliTud 
to  (h.it  pr, Idled  lest,  wiiiih  is  Imtli  fair 
and  tinal  :  his  woiih  is  h, -i  .iitested  nut 
in  iiU-,  hilt  in  e\perieiiee  I'aiil  was  not 
•ifr.iid  of  this  Usl  111  h.id  cli.mKed  the 
I. ice  of  the  wiirld.  and  he  neidi  d  no  '  cer- 
tui.  i'.  "  ir..m  any  num.  ilu-  men  whom 
li  ni::a-Ty  had  traiisforiiud  were  Ins 
i  ri  .|i  iiii,ils. 

I'.nt  letti-rs  are  written  to  he  re,i<l,  and 
,1    I  Inis'.i.ni   ipisiK    i~   nil   e\ception.  The 
.  (  .  .nil!  hi. Ills  will-  r.in's  liMiii;  e|iistle.  and 
'!'.>    Win-   .        Jill,;.,  \  I,- 1,1  (pres. 

p'.-  I         ,t:i  I  '      ,  Irn.  ii   i-    llic  let 

1<  r.    .111. I    t  ,u-    w   rh!    1-    t  ht    i .  .ui.  r  .\nd 
111  ri  111  III  s  .111  1  .l.he  I' 1.  la  will.!!  ilu  .liincli 
.1^    .1    uh..|e,   anil    tli!!^li.iii    nun    m  p.ir 
liiiil.ir.  cm  tu\ir  all'.r.l   t..   iiiri;rt.     Ilu  > 
'•,•■11.^   I,M./     till  >    lll'lsl    -1  c   t. ,    11.  tlu  Ti- 

■ifr<\  that  tin-  tIaiiL:  tluii  i-  I.,  u-.;  i!.ii!\. 
SI  rnpiil  .usl> .  read  i>  w.,iili  r..ii|ii!L:.  th.a 
II  is  in  truth  .in  c";  > l  iiusl.  ,iii 
rpisile  which  11.  w.iild  iii.l  he  .isli.iiiuj 
to  own. 


.1  C''m['i-tciit  Miiiistrr 


(la  i 


I'he  eontideiit  tone  i  vtwoilhiaii)  vvhich 
r:iii  throti^hoiit  the  last  p.ir;inraph  I'anl 
now  proceeds  to  e\|daili  and  illslify  His 
competence  :is  an  i  \  .iii'.j.  li-'  i-  inn!,  ui.dile. 
It  is  written  in  uniu- - ;.il>,i!.l.  .  !:.i. ... '.  rs  in 
tlic  Slice,  ss  i.f  his  \\..:k.  !.!■•.  t'i..iiL;li  it  is 
Ills  own  I  i^al■l>TT)^  Vjnu'i' i  \<  ;v  n,,.  las  ..wii. 
11-  -..iirce  Is  iM  (,..,1  I  »h  Tot  *»#oi  )  .  and 
■li.  rei.  .re.  tli..iiL;li  la-  ^a.  ,  .  -,,  j.  fr.iiikl>  ,is- 
-  1  ■  ■  ■!  ..a.!  1   1  11  111  1  ■ .  ,1  11]  M  .11,  1..  ,ast  in<  is 

r\,  !  v.  .! 

4-6.  And  such  confidence  in  In-  apus 
I  'lic  sii,  .  I  --  .1  ,111! in.it I  . I  till  1.I-'  ii.ii.a- 
i;r.ii.li  WC  have,  n  !  t!iii.ui;li  mv  iiin.ite 
pin\.r  •  ;  ..  \  .  '  at  through  Christ, 

;iii.l  in  relation  to  God.  It  i-  (,,.,/  >\li,, 
li.i-  in.ade  I', ml  cmipi  triii  nu!  sn.-,-.  s-fnl 
I  \  V.  .s.  'ii.  ;nid  Ills  c.  .ntidiiicr  ilua.l..re 
t  ikes  .1  ( i.  .il-iv  ,ird  ihrectinii  i'.iul  has  al 
w.a\s  to  fr.tr  in.ilici.  .lis  niisct  .n-t  nu  1 1.  .iis  nf 
such  as-  rli, .lis.  ilurrlore  he  .idds  ,it  mice: 
I  do  not  una  11  that  of  ourselves  we  are 
competent  to  form  any  judgment  u 
from  ourselves.  «'«  d-ui  of  onr-elves)  in- 
dicates the  origin  even  more  distinctly  than 
iit6   (fruin):  lH)tli  toKe'thur  siiKRcst  how 


140 


II  CORINTHIANS. 


[Ch.  m 


7    I'.ut  n  tin  iniiii-tr:ituiii  <■{  <lt  ;iili.  writ  the  Rlory  of  hi»  cmmtcnaiKe ;  which  gtury 

till  •iiul    .iiv;r;iviii  iii  -idiu-..  wii>  ulorious,  was  to  J)c  done  a.vay; 

til  l!  111.   i  liiMrcii  (if  Nr.ul  cmilil  not  S   How  shall  nut  thr  mimstration  of  the 

I       1.  lioM  iIk-  face  of  Moses  ft>r  spirit  Ik;  rather  Riortous? 


iilti  rly  I'.iiil  ili-rl.iiins  itic  iiiiniiflfiur.  mi  '  In  t  wCi  ii  l.m  .iH'l  i,"-1m  1  ii.iilmii,'  K^^ 
tin-  li.i-i»  I'l  111'-  "»M  ii.ilivi-  n --I iiirri  -.  I"  tli.m  tin-  ilitl'in  im-  lniuii  ii  /.7r  iitul  ilriilli 
rci.-li  |M  i|i'\i-c  w.iy-  aii'l  iih  .ni-.  ■  I  h.-  (■■mtr.iM   i>,  l..r  tin-  ii.ir|iM>,  -  ot  tlu- 

atfiilmv;  \u-  ::ip.  i-.liilir  acliMly.  But,  mi  aiuniiifiil.  ni;iiK-  a^  ali-"liitc  a>  il  can  Ik- 
tlic'  i-.iii!rar>.  our  competence,  uht.li  i-  a  iikmIi-.  aii>l  m. 're  a!i-"l"!>'  lliaii  i'aiil  lias 
rral  .iiiil  uimImuI.i,-,!  i.nt.  is  from  God:  ii    iiKulr  it  m  "illur  iia-.^r^.  .-..c.   in  Ivmi. 

ji  ;ni.  l.iit  //.  w  Us  sdiiri-r:  for  mi.  14.  wliiTi-  llic  law  is  tviii  tlcsrriluMl  as 
it  is  He  who,  at  "nr  c  .in .  i  sj.  .n  mu  i-  fnr  ,r/'i»  (/«.i/  {rrtvitariMi } .  In  diu'  asix  ct,  tlio 
.ill  (iMiinr.j,  -im  )  made  us  competent  law  is  Imly  ( Honi.  vii.  ij>,  and  cvvn 
to  K.  ministers  of  the  NEW  covenant.  Klori'-ns  (J  C<>r.  iii.  <>-ii>:  but,  on  tlu- 
\  i<  I  iatf  till-  r»al  f'Tif  of  thf  pas-  wIk.1,-,  its  work  was  luKativf.    h  imiK>sf(| 

sam  .  \\(  must  rctntinlior  that  tlio  oppoiu-nts  a  command  to  whiih  iiu  ii  were  not  otinal. 
whom  !'aiil  has  hiTc  sptnally  in  view,  arc  it  viriiially  ilun  f.Ti'  ,,'iul.  iiiiii  d  thini 
jiiilai/irs  jji    who  oliampioiit-d   thf   ( vi-r.  <)>    ■  lomU  mm  .j  tlu  ni  to  ,l,\ith  As 

old  .\l..saii-  »-iiv.-iiaiit.  With  Ji-siis.  a  ii.-:*'  I'irn  i-..;il.l  ..nlv  .1is..1.in  iIu-  law.  and  lilV 
oriltT.  i-oiisiiintiun,  i-ovctiaiit.  cann-  inl"  tlu'  l  i>  al^m-  in  ■  .1h-,1u  lu  <■.  the  law  coiiM  only 
worlii;  iiM  mil-  app' ■  li>  H'lnl  iiffc  iliatlv  Kail  to  <l<alli  Ui.  Umtl.  vii.  <»-II>.  Ill 
<ir  fon-il'lv  tliaii  I'anl  ili<-  Ir.in.iMi.ii-.  ili.-  lliis  siiim-.  tluuP.i..  llw  Ictlcr  k\Hs.  Hut 
infmilf  diVlVri'iu-i'  tli.it    l.-n-  mi'l.'  !■■  ■^/■'  '  -iinpl>    a   \.i«iio  i-.intrast 

torv  ti-f.  1  l"or.  \v.  -'.'1  a-  I',  iliiiik-   \Mtli  til.    I.-'tiT.  Iiul  tin-  .ii-tiniti-  spirit  i.f 

of  "this  dilTiTfiuv.  I'l  l.  I  -'i.iip  w.r.N  l.  .i|i   ill.-  l.'.r.l  J.  -iis   ,\,  r.   t ;  I  -  i(i.;/,-,7/j  .i//,-v. 
from  Ills  |H'ii,  that  <  iil  ni.;!;!  im  •  ili.'  li.  ..ri     I  li.-  s,,!il  ih.it  ua-  ../.;//;-    slnit   up  I"  lU  - 
of  rli.    .■•■ntrast.  and  la\   it  I  n.       in  1..  iii.tr    -p  ur  •i'"!  ./...•'/'-    I'y  lln'  law.  is  iini.  kilK.l 
,•„,,  /.,/       In-  a  niinisi.'r  ..l  i',i-  i.-.-,>  c.n.--    mt"   /.■<•   "Inn    tmu-li..l    li>    tin-   ifnit  <.t 
11. int.   Ill    I'.rmiu--   .1   niiiiistrr   not   of  tin-   J.-tis.     IIu-m-  u.t.I-  ar.-  a  \ui.|  suiiitn.iry 
letter,   but   of  the   spirit.    !lr-c   is   tlu-  "l  I'anl's  (-\ih  ru-iu.-  uii.l.-r  tin  tu..  .li-p.  n 
fir-l    -tartl'iiL;   .iiititlu-is:   t,-lt,  t    an. I  sf:>:t.    saluiiis,  hulli  of  winch  he  knew-  so  \m.||. 
W'f      iiiini.  i;il\   n-.    tli. u.ir'l-  t..  si'i;..^,  ~t 
tlu     ililt.r.ii.c    I'ltwccn    an    iiilci  prct.ili.  ui 

wlii.  li  l.  H.ks  t,.  till-  hare  wonls  ,ii..l  ..11.  I  lie  Greater  (ilory  i>f  the  Xew  Disfensa- 
wl.i.li  l....ks  i-.itlu-r  to  tlicir  inlciiti.ni:  tins.  ti<>n  (in.  7-II). 

Ii..v\<\.  r.  1^  11. tt  till'  in.annin  of  the  |>assa^;^.• 

lu  re  1  11.  /.  //,  !  Ii.i,  l»  en  snnL,'ested  to  .  Paid  has  lieen  drawn,  hy  his  defense  of 
I'aiil  l>v  the  refer,  lie.  t..  the  st.itie  talilets  himself  as  a  competent  niimster  of  the 
(ver.  O.  or  rallii-r  perliap-  that  reference  gospel,  into  a  comparison  of  the  two  dis- 
had  in  \iew  the  contrast,  which  Paid  is  here  peiisations.  i  his  comparison  he  now  clah- 
heyiiminK  to  develop,  between  the  two  dis- I  orates,  adinitlinR  the  ph>ry  of  the  <dder 
peiisatioiis.  hi  either  case,  the  letter  is  the  i  dispensation,  btu  insistiiiR  upon  the  more 
low.  which  found  its  most  eharacterisiic  |  exeeclinR  glory  of  th.tt  of  which  he  is  now 
expression    in    the    lommanilmeiits     ( or  j  inini-t.  r. 

rather  fr.'hihiiioiis.  for  the  most  part)  |  7.  8.  But  if  the  ministration  of  death 
Kraven  iin.m  the  t.ahlets  of  stone:  while,  (that  i-.  tlu  law— of  winch  M  .srs  was 
in  eoiiti.iM    with    this,   is   the   sfirit.  the  li.'se  isMie  w:is  iLwJli.   t..r  it 

sonree  of  tli.it  new  order  or  constitution  /.  ''/■.  \<r.  t.i.  wlndi  c.iiisi-icd  in  letters, 
of  thills,  which  wa-  e-tahlisbed  by  an. I  an. 1  w  is  engraved  on  stones,  was  con- 
in  Jesus  C'hrist.  The  cmirast  is  not  1..-  stituted  in  glory,  a  i;lory  wliicli,  as  the 
tween  word  and  intention.  Imt  h.-twe.  ti  l,i\\  c.iit.  vt  si;.....;, -ts.  I'.iun.l  s\inli..|ic  .  \prcs 
and  n<'s])el.  between  Moses  and  riirist.  he  si.m  upon  the  sliiiniiK  f.ic-  of  .Mo-.  s,  anil 
tween  laws  inipose<l  from  witlu'iit.  and  |  which  was  yet  so  striking  that,  i  t  tear 
spiiil  oper.itiiiK  freely  ( vef.  17I  and  sp,,ri-    icf  xwiv  the   children  of 

t.nuonslv  from  within  (cf.  Rom.  \ii.  d.  ,  Israel  could  not  look  steadfastly  upor 
ii  the  face  of  Moses  because  of  the  glory 

(;,„1  .li,l  11. .1  ni.ik.-  Paul  .  tninist.r  .>f  of  his  face,  tli..iii;h  that  w.is  a  i:l.)ry 
tin-  l.Mi  T.  Imii  .>t  tlu-  spirit,  for  tlu-  n-a^on  which,  .  \  .-ii  as  tlu  y  i;,i/<  .l,  was  passing 
that  the  letter  1  ,■  .-  //i,-  killeth.  while  away  (tor  MiTap-)oi  u<i-i)i-.  cf    \   t"..r  \iii 

the  spirit  maketh  alive.    Ihe  ditTerynce ,  8,  to);— if  the  ministry  of  dejtti  was  so 


Oh.  mi 


n  (^ORINTHIAXS. 


141 


I)  For  if  tlir  inini^iratiiin  i)f  ii mdi  nitKi-  in  I",.r  .•\.  m  tli.it  wliii  ti  was  made  k''"'' 
ti'>n        ylnrv.  murh  iii'Ti-  dolli  tlic  on,  h:i(l  im  tjl.iry  in  llii    ii  >|>fCt.  by  rCMOn 

tra'idn  i>f  n^litiHnisiios  cM-nd  in  ylnry       .1  ilic  nlnry  iliat  rxicllrtli 


vloriniis,  surely  -till  more  will  the  min- 
istration of  the  SPIRIT  be  in  glory. 

For  till-  >l>irit  Kixctli  lilc  (vir.  (i  •  ;  and  a^ 
MuiKMiliiiis  a-i  i>  till'  dnliiiiii'i-  lutuiin 
lilV  and  death,  so  stii)nnd> -hn  i>  tlu-  ililtrr 
ciui'  lutwuii  till"  f;liiry  nf  tin-  oiu'  i"\<iianl 
and  that  of  tin-  niln  r.  I  In-  plir.i^i-  •'■ 
•^tmtiuaaif,  applu'd  t"  llii-  "  nil ni^t ra! I'Mi  cif 
diatli."  iiu-an-.  nnicli  iimrf  than  :,>ii;,ii 
(i  f  A.  v..  and  A.  K.  V.  ti  \t  i  :  it  i^  in 
tiniU-d  to  recall  the  -iiiatina  ililtrr)  of 
thi'  iirici<linK  \  i  Tm-  i  i-i  in  A.  R.  \'  niarj;. 
Ill  Irllrrst.  I  hc-  old  oii\i-nant  o>nM>Iiil  of 
lifeless,  isolated  Irtlrrt,  carvid  on  stoiu' : 
the  new  is  _.i  lifc-Kivitig  sfint.  The  old 
ti'iij  maiic  («'7fH*l)  in  Klory,  its  inu'l'tion 
was  glorious  —  witness  the  face  of  Moses: 
the  new  shall  be  (Iffrai)  in  Klory,  nlory 
is  its  fifrmanent  elenietit.  The  use  of  the 
fntnre  ti  ii>e  i-;  not  inleiided  to  siiyi;f.t 
that  the  K^<>ry  of  the  new  dis]ien--.itioii  is  .i 
thiiiK'  of  l!ie  future  —  to  lie  re\eaKd.  for 
eNainple,  at  the  cniiiiiin  of  Chri-t  :  it  is  the 
future  of  arnnillent,  and  is  etpial  to,  "  /' 
/.'//I'lvi  thiit  the  iiiinistr.ition  of  the  sjiirit 
is  more  nlorions."  llu'  j^Iory  is  a'riaily 
lure,  since  Christ  has  come,  and  e-pei  i.illy 
since  IK'  has  risen:  I'aiil  kmdK  -  at  ll'e 
c- 'nleniplatii  Ml  of  it.  'l!ironi;hi  ^ni  lhi>  --ee 
tion,  the  wonN  "  nnni^traiioii  "  and  "  .cI'Tj." 
thoiiuli  they  primarily  n  fer  to  evpi  in  iues 
<.f  Moses.  in~e:i>iMy  ulide  into  a  lary<r 
nuanmn.  and  praeliealK  sii'^jue,!  tlie  uli.ih- 
railKe  of  the  older  di'-iien~a!ion.  I  lie  -eii^e 
in  which  the  Kl<'''y  upon  the  laie  iii  Nhi^es 
was  transient,  hecoiius  more  pl.iiii  in  \er. 
•J 

9.  The  new  dispensation  must  be  fur 
wii-r.'  glorious  than  the  old :  for  if  the 
ministration  of    ondemnation  ^  the  law 

which  CfiiJi'tHiivd  to  deatli  (ver.  7)  — 
(was)  glory,  the  ministration  of  justi- 
fication (lit.  I  l^htrousiii-ss)  is  iiece-'«irily 
far  more  abundant  in  glory:  the  one 

transcends  the  other  as  tntuli  ;is  in-iitica- 
tion  transcends  condemiiaiioii  (If  the 
reading  SiaKovia,  inste.iil  of  fl  5m»oi'ia, 
be  accepted,  the  meaning  will  In-,  "It  the 
ministration  of  condemnation  iuui  nlory." 
The  other  is  more  strikiiiK  and  emphatic  ) 
Tile  new  dis|ieiisalion,  .iiul  hy  inipliealion 
its  miiiisti-is  (like  I'.iiil )  are  superior  to 
the  old.  for  hy  accept.inee  of  the  i;o,|h  1. 
n  man.  in-teai]  of  lieiiiu  rondeniiud.  he- 
conns  ■•  ri«li|.-iins.  iii-titied,  ae<init!rii,'"  he- 
fore  ( iod  (ef  Kotn.  iii.  jj  tT  >  I'lii-.  ver-e 
practically  repeats  the  thought  of  vv.  7,  8, 


h  It  ( li.iracferi/es  the  t«o  dt-peiisalioiis  b\ 
Ire^ll.  iiu  i>i\e,  iiaiiie-. 

10.  II.    Ill  t!ie  eMiherance  of  his  eiilhti 

^i.i^ni  for  the  new  dispells. nioii,  the  apo^lle 
.illllo-t  -ee'll^  111  till-  \iT-e  to  deny  [•<  tile 
old  the  i;  iry  wlii.li  he  Ii.id  alre,id>  cmi 
eeded  t.i  it  !•  h.id  .1  L:!or\  ol  It-  oun. 
hut  It-  >;Iory  i  .i-  noil'iiii;  in  e.iiiip.in-on 
u  illi    llle     I  \.-.  ,  dllli;     cI'  l  \     ol     the    ,  ,|!i,T 

For  indeed  that    i.!  .li-;.eii        n  glorious 
as  it  is,  has  no  r.  .,1  glory  in  comparison 
'  with  the  surpassing  glory  of  the  other 

j  (lit.  Ill  this  r,sfi\l.  I'll      ,    nut        tlir  .vio 
i/'ilJ.VIH.-  A'/.'r.V.  the  l.il'.  r  pl  i.cM-  .h  linini;  the 

former).  For  if  the  passing,  the  tr.in-iint. 
was  accompanied  by  glory,  much  more 

is  (not  sliiill  hr    see  iinic  on  ver  S)  the 
[permanent    e-t.ilili-hed    in    glory.  Ilu- 
j  prepo-itioiis  Sia  and  in  appear  here  to  he 
I  inleiilion.illy    iisi-d    to  stiKijest  respectively 
the  teiiipor.iry  Kliry  of  the  one  dispensa- 
tion, .iild  the  inherent   and  ahidin^;  K'lory 
of    the    other.    Tlie    Mo, .tie  di-peii-.ition 
'•raiiMiorv     yet    lloi     without    nlory :  the 
t  !ir:-!' in  di-peii-.it !■  ■!!  eleriial,  therefore  es- 
-iiiti.illy  far  more  gloriou,. 


■  .\  par.mrapli  like  'In-  eii.iMe-  n-  to  -ee 
Iiow  pioi..ninlI>.  how  .  .\ er\i  III  Ininiiilj  .  r.iiil 
vv  I-  iinpres-ed  li\  tlie  eon-i  io;:>iu  --  of  the 
■  I:  rtrrrik  e  ill, It  Je-n-  had  111. el.  Hi-  v.ive  .1 
'i.'.'i'  ivr.  I'l  liirii  :<>  flu  -piiiiii.d  li;-l  .ly 
of  til.  i.ue.  ih.it  -ii,-  ui.ri.l  ol  i.hv;i..|'- 
p.."iliili!\  anil  n.ili'y  .111.  r  llini  I  ,iiid  ■if 
iiiiir-e  ill  lliini  Aa-  dillinnt  fioni.  .iml 
tar  more  KlorMii-  than,  the  worhl  wliuli 
had  (irecedid  Mini  lie  -|ie.ik-  of  11,  Mil - 
tJSsiii.;  (\,r    101-  It  1,  III:',- 

ous   (ver.  .*<i.  twice   he  c.ill-  it  [\ir  iii,>>,- 
\{wo\\i^  ^»a\W)    nlorioiis.    And   it    is  so, 
i  hecaiise,  while  the  law  was  bound  n|i  with 
I  iileas  of  condemnation  and  death  ( vv.  a 
1 7),  the  ftd-iiel  was  a  message  of  accpiitta! 
i.aiid  life,    \\li,ite\er  the  future  iiiikIii  ha\e 
in  -tore.  lite  in  Christ,  and  e-peii,illy  life 
as  a  preacher  of  the  K''''*I>el,  w.is  even  liere 
.and  now  glorious;  it  was  Klorious  to  be 
free  from  i,in(l,-mnalii)ii  (ver.  g),  glorious 
to  be  secure  aR.Tinsf  dralli  (ver   7).  Tliis 
j;i--iiredly  ua-  the  lite  liicleed. 

If  would  he  .1  h.ippy  d.iy  for  the  church 
and  for  tlu-  world,  it  tlm-e  who  n.anie  the 
ii.inie  of  Cliri,!  w.-n  -'iriid  .1-  I'.ml  w;is, 
h\  ilie  tliiiimlii  of  the  Klonoii-  world  into 
w  hich  Chri-i  h.i-  ii-!iered  them  (  )!ir  es- 
cape to  Christ  u  Hut,  as  was  Taul's,  from 


14U 


II  COUINTHIANS. 


(Cii.  Ill 


I  I  I  ..r  n  iliiit  wliiili  ilom-  away  m;.< 
(jl>>ri«>iis  niiK-li  more  that  which  remaiiuili 

IJ      Si  1  Uir    tllrll   111. It  111--'-    -'I'l'  llDpO. 

«r   11-c  >J.U  .11    |il.illini        "I    -pricll  : 

I  ,    All, I  1M.1  .1-  .\l.'-<  -.         'I  l":t  a  \ail 


111-   l.m.  l!i,il  ill 


In  II  i>i  Urai'l 


,.,,.,1,1  n,ii  -ir:i.li..-i:\  I. Mik  to  the  end  of 
lli.it  w  hu  ll  i«  .i!m.1i-1i'  'I  • 


14  I'liil  lliiir  iiiiniU  urn-  lilimUil:  for 
mill)  till-  '1.1.^  r.  in.iilU'tli  tlii'  ^.imc  Vail 
iiiil.ikrii  :u\.i>  111  till'  riailiiiK  "f  llic  "M 
ti^i.iiiiiiii ;   whii'li  Villi  l^  tloiic  away  «n 

15  I'litt  even  unto  this  day.  whon  Moses 
is  f«ad.  the  vail  is  iiiion  their  li»art. 


tin-  liiir.l.ii  of  till-  Ji\\i-!i  l.iu  ■  ■ir  -ii\i- 
tii.lr  IV  111  f'Tlll,  dltfirrlit  n  ni  Ir-  '.nl 
III  -|iiril  It   1-  iiMu  li  till'  ^.iiiH         ' .  I'Ui' 

liuii.  ,iir   111  I  l.iui-  ti.  ilii-  li:m-uiil.  to 

lluil  .Jr,.h  .A  r''--"'-  "■"'V  = 
1  liri-l   !  1  '11-:-  I  '  """ 

,.(,  ,  ti.il  ,  •!  1,  r  1  ^"i  i.i- 1  A 11, 1  ilu  11 1. Ill  who 
vi.iii.ls  wrliin  ili.ii  "hI'I-.  -Ill  1:1  -ii'iiry. 

III.ij  l.ii   tli.il   Ik    I-  .ilu.iily   luilin  111 

a  world  of  "  surpasMitj:  Rlory  " 


tl 


it'll  I  ).:r.i,lii.ill\  1,1  \,iiii-li. 
V ,  1 1   w  .1  -  1, ,  liiiK'  11  >  I  \  .III!  -- 
r  .il  |iiiiiil  111  tin  iia>»;iKi'.  liow- 
iiiv  iM--f.  imt  till-  mtitltloii  of 


/  /,,■  I  , ,/  R,  mo:,  d  ( lii.  l-'-i*''. 

12,  13.     Ihi-  tun  ili-^iirii-alioii^  arc  still 
fiirtluT  iniitra-tiil.  tin-  time  with  >lKiial 
enipliaMs  ii|ii.ii  thf  fraiikm-s  and  frridoiii 
i-haraitvristii-  of  iIiom-  ulm  arc  "iii  CliriM 
I'aiil  aiM'iars  to  havi-  Imii  ari'iisid  ol  nl' 
M-uri!i«  tin-  «osi.rl  (cf,  iv.  .P  ;  in'  :iiin-'i 
tion.  111-  hint-,  t-oiitd  In-  w  i<K  r  nl  tin  111  ii  k 
0|>flinr--  I-  till-  LTiiin-  "I   till'  111  u  ■li-lim 
satimi     .I'lii.  li.iMiit;  ii"tliiii'.;        i-i'1H-i:i1.  1k' 
can  -iK.ik  i.l.iiiilv  riii'l  •  m  n  1"  MIn  Hav- 
ing, then,  such  a  hope    1   il  ■  Im-;  i;l  r.\ 
(\ir    111.  we  adopt  great  boldness  of 
speech  (,,u.ir,l-  all  ui'li   uli,'iii  "iir  iimi- 
i-li\  luiiiu-  11-  ii"o  i-i'iilail      III  i-aii  .iltnrd 
,,,   1,,     ;i,,,l        ,Mii   liiiiiiiil    t,,   111,  Ir.iiik. 
And  wi-  il"  not        .a  Mil  'ai"'"  i'"r  i.uij. 
as  Moses  put  a  veil  upon  his  face  t  I.M"h 
\\\i\    ;;i.  to  keep  the  children  of  Israel 
from  looking  stepdfastly  upon  the  end 
of  that  which  was  passing  away.    I  Ik- 
ti.irv.itiM    in    l-'.Noiliis    (xxxiv.   -N)-??)  as- 
sails ii.i  n.is.iii   for  the  .-lOtion  <if  Mosi-s 
in  piittiim  a  veil  on  his  face:  the  rca-on 
In  re  a-mnni  hv  I'aiil  is  peculiar,  ami.  as 
I'r.ifesMir    I  )entiey    I /■.i7'.',vi7,.i '.f    /''  '  /i-.  2 
Cor.  p.  I-"*!'  >a.\>.  perhaps  not  to  In  taken 
too     seriously.'  Acconliiik'     'o      l'.\  'In-, 
M.ise-   appeared    wiiIumii    tiie    \eil  IhIum 
jeho\:di  .attd  before  ilu    p.,  pie,  uliiU  lie 

w.i»  lit  in  t  rinvi  J' ••'  -  ■ 

when  the  message  Ii.hI  heeii  ili  li\ 1 1 iil.  lie 
put  the  veil  on  (a  point  nii>i epre-eiiteil  in 
.\.  V.  which  in  vcr.  wnumly  reaiU  till 
for  :e/lc"K  .And.  a-  the  iMiverv  of  the 
(livine  itle-saue  wa-  ace,  iiiip.inieil  I'V  the 
shiiiiii).:  I.ace.  i'anl  infer-  lr.,ni  il:e  il,,iinmv; 
of  the  veil  hnmediatcly  alurw.irds.  that  the 


i;Ii.r\  Ihi.:. 
.111.1  th.il  ilh 
>'i  nci  ,     I  l  a 
iver,        Ill  .-  ..   -  . 

.Mi.^is.  liiit  the  ti.iiiMence  of  the  nlory. 
and  the  inuliililv  of  the  Israelites  to  recoy- 
iii/c  this  transience.  I'he  vaiii.-hiiin  Rlory 
was  svtnholic  »>f  the  traii-ieiit  disiKl)-a- 
tion.  Israel  did  not  see  this,  but  heeatisc 
of  the  veil,  thoiiiiht  of  it  as  iicriii.aiu  nt  ; 
their  understandings  were  hardened. 

14,  15.    For  up  to  the  present  day.  at 
the  readinK  of  the  old  covenant-  I'aiil 
iN  tlniikiiiy  cliiclly  nl  the  law   d  l     U  >. 
in  vcr.  15).  lint  tlie  applicatii ni  to  pmphi.y 
IS  ijiiite  U>;itiiiiaie  tel.  i.  jo  1  -  the  samc 
veil  (ni'l.  of  ciiiir-e.  .Muxes'  viil.  hut  the 
M  il  111  'liiir  in.iliiliiy  ti.  ri-coi.;ni.r  tin  iriii- 
p,,i,irv  ii.iliirc  111  the  Mo».iic  ili 1: -.1: ii  1 
remains  unlif^ed  t  f or  mily  in  Christ  is 
it  done  away),  but  till  to-day.  whenever 
Moses  I  the  l.r.v.  tile  rent.ati  ik-li  I  is  read, 
a  veil  hcs  upon  their  heart.    Ili  ii  i> 
the  -aiiie  slight  i  lianyi-  in  tin-  ;  .  //-iiu  taphor. 
.1-  llu  i  c  u  .i-  in  llie  i  pistir  of  vv.  ^J,  .? : 
ihc  M  il.  mice  nil  the  face  of  Moses,  is  now' 
nil  tluir  hi. art.     The  transitory  ii.iture  of 
the  oUl  COM  nam  is  hiildeii  from  tlu  in  as  it 
was  from  their  father^;  hut  the  iinphcitiim 
is  that  they  are  more  ciilp.d>le  —  the  veil 
i-  ()«  tht-ir  luiiit,  anil  it  lies  with  tluiu  to 
repent  and  return  (\er.  I(>).  fon-iileralile 
ililliciitty  attaches  to  the   cniiNtnictinn  nf 
fxi]   lii'aKoXi  irro^itMM'  in   vi  r     14     .\.    i<.    \  . 
takes   it         an   acciis.   ali-nhni-,— "  ;/  u.'t 
heing  ri-raai/.-i/  (In  them  >  th.ii  it  i-^  ilmie 
away  in  Cliri-.t."    I'.iit  ln  -nie-  the  cniiip.ara 
live  infreipieiicy  of  this  jiarticipial  ciiii~iriu  - 
lion.  it  woiilil  --eiiii  imicli  tiinie  natiir.al  to 
I  l.ike   the   word    ui'.h   its  cnynate  hd\iuna 
earlier  in  ilu-  -eiitiiice.  .iiid  lint-  to  ;i~  11 
jit  to  the  ii'iurili-   -iii-e   wliicli   it   ha^  in 
,\cr.    l,*^    (  dl■a^e^a\^UMO•l>;   Trpouwffu),  uith  till- 
\  :  .■ili-il  lace  1      A.  \'.  i>  prnh.ihly  tluTclnre 
ni^ht    111    tran-latinv;    ■'tlie    vi  '  rcni.aiiietit 
iiiituk,-ii  ii:>ii.v."  thniiyli  appariiiiiy  wroiiK  in 
I  niiileriiiu  "-.Jilili   iveiH   is  ilmie  :iu;iy  in 
('hrist."  ;is  o.   '■i   i-  nni    cipiii .alciit   to  3. 
On  any  \u  w  of  the  ver-e.  lunvi  ver.  the 
I  i.;re,il  iitter.iiice  remains  that  "the  veil  (or 
the  old  covenant)  is  done  away  in  Christ." 


Ill) 


II  (  nKlXTin.WS. 


Id  N'rvirilul.^..  wlini  it  >Im1|  ti!r:i  I'l 
the  I  .'I.I.  ill.-  \  111  -ImI;  1.1   I  lk.  II  .i\\,i> 

17  N'nv  llir  I  nnl  i»  tli.tl  Simil:  aiul 
Win-  tlic  Spirit  III  the  l.onl  i.t,  thvn-  u 
liNriv. 


i>i    Kill  «ilh  ..|.<!i  t.u-,  li,  IliIiI'ih; 

■  >    I'l    1    cl.i   -   ll  r  I    Hi,     I  ..i  ,1.  .,ri' 

ili.iiiyr.j  lilt,,  til.  ..nil,-  iiii.iKi'  ir.'iii  ni.,rv 
I"  «'"'■>.     .  "  ii»  l'>  lilt:  spirit  i>f  tlu-  l.i>r(j. 


Ill-  .ipp.ar.nu-i-  ;i|  ,,ii,'i-  fil'-ll-  ,i;,|  .il',  ,li-Ii,  - 

I  '  ,     ''11    ,■,  .M  11.111'  .    It    1^  ,|    ,il    U  .i-t 

I  r  til'.-,'  :i:  II  III.  I  111-  1,  I.!-  1,,  ihc 
I  i  "  1     I  > . !  \  •  ;    1 ' 

16.  But  .whensoever  it  shall  turn  to 
the  Lord,  a^ny  the  veil  is  taken  — ili. 

Ill, lit  1'  ki-iI'IikmII)  n«.  ,1  I  .1  111.  tiili.,,. 
aii'l  llh'  Vi  lli  1  ?r»()i,  i^Hirfii  1  pm  til^l  t'.r 
» iniili,i-is.  ili,iiii;li  nil  til,-  !,ii',  r  pi.iiit  t,„i 
niiu-!i  >'n-sv  i,iiv;lii  11,, I  III  1„-  l,.i.|,  till- 
wiiriU  ;iri-  |ir,uliiMliy  .1  (Hi,,|.i'i,m  tr.'m 
|-!xi,(l.  xx\i\.  .?4  liuTf  thu  nli-niu-i'  i~ 
to  .\iii*fs,  Uvrv  it  inii-t  liv  wiifir wluilur 
to  till'  Ih-tirl,  upon  wliich  thi-  mmI  hi'i.  i>r  t^• 
Jsnii'l,  colK'ctivily  (cf.  Koin.  xi.  ui  nr  in 
tliviiliially  ( Tif ,  one).  In  any  e:\sv,  to  turn 
/.'  //(.•  /.,ir(/.  hy  wlioiTi  Paul  nnist  lu-n-  nu'.m 
("liri-t.  1^  Ui  Ii;iM-  till-  n-nic)M(l  ami 

t"  ll,  li,  1,1  ill,'  .■si-i-c.liiiir  Klory  of  Ills  tin 
i  '   '1  an.j  .iliiiliiii;  Work,  which  not  only 
ti  iii~, .  tiii^.  lull  ^iipiTsotlcs  the  dispensation 
tli.il  IkhI  uiiiic  lu-l,,r,- 

17.  r.tii!  ti.iil  -p.'kiii  cirliiT  of  the  new 
<li-p.-ii~.ili,Mi  ill,-  i!i-.pr!i-,i'i,.ii  of  ilir 
.ffnit  i\.r  ,'^1  null  inpi  ml,,  1,\  tiirniiiu 
t"  ///.'  I.  ''I  (\i-r,  11').  r.i-i  v\ ,  ,  II  th,-  -I'll-;- 
aii.l  ill.-  I.'.ril  til.  re  iiri-i  lli.  ri  l.-r.-  1',  .1  • 
iiilini.i!.-  .■, 'iiiu-i'li. 'II  :  tin  v  .ir,-  iii.',  , -1  •,,  1, 
ili~liiiv;ni--li,  ,1  I  \:  11  1  I  I .  !''ii  I '■  ,1-1  •  - 
In  r.-  .1  pr.  I  mI  iil.ntity  —  now  the  Lord 
is  the  sp^r:^.  'I'lu-  ^inrii  «lii,-li  .iniiii.ii,  i! 
Im  .'fi,  anil  lirniiijlit  fnrtii  111  i'',  111  i'> 
iii.irx  I  1.  HIS  fr'iit^  1  <  i.il  \  jj  1  u.t,  lii 
l.t'i  j'x  -piril  :  llu'  p.n  t  i,-n I.ir  .'Ii  ir.i'  i,  ri>lu- 
of  it  yyliich  I'.iiil  li'i.  -.l,,-'-.  1,  n-  m.-,'- 
di>m — and  where  the  spirit  of  the  Lord 
is,  thiTe  is  liberty  oi  all  kiniK :  iri  t  .iont. 
as  \vt'  have  seen,  from  o>ii<K  niii.iii.iti  ,111.! 
<lfath  (  vv.  6,  81.  fri'dl'Mii  ii,  1111  ilic  lii.  r  il 
and  statutory  tenip.r  cn-at.-.l  liy  tli.-  ■>!.! 
cover.ii't.  drliviTaiu'c  into  the  itiitraniiiu  I,  1 
life  o;  the  spirit.    IK-r.-.  more  partieiil.ir' 

it  i-i  the  spirit  of  the  man  wli.-f  vi-i,'n 
is  Hot  oliseiired  hy  any  v.  il.—  u  Im  ga.',  - 
;i'('/i  (>/>t'n  tiu  c  (  ver.  lS»  and  who  declares 
frankly  and  fearlessly  what  he  scfs  (ver. 
IJ » 

18.  But  we  all  —  nol  pr.  ;!'.  '!i  r-  .il-  ni- 
!'"t  .-il'  ('!iri-'i.,n-    -  miM.,-  "•!',-   |,  u     1  ,-r. 

!  ■  >  with  face  unveiled,  beholding  as  in  a 
mirror  the  glory  of  the  Lord,  are  being 
transformed  ul'il,-  u,  1 -,-  ij".-  iit.-.) 
into  the  same  image,  from  glory  to  glory. 

Ill'    V'-|i,l    is    111.    imrr,.,    in    M.'ii,-h  t!',- 

glory   of   Christ   is   rclkctcd.     llu-  w.ir.l 


xiToiTTpn.iunoi  1,  ,.  I,,., 11  the  Mihiii-t  ,,|  tiiii,  'i 
ilispiit.  :    till     tu,>    |M>».iliIi-    im-.iniiiws  ar.' 
m\>  n   in    \     U    \' .  t.-M   ,in.|  maruiii  re 
spn-tnt!>         , /;.   ./.'M.^  .iiid  ,,  ti,;  hiiLi   1  .i«  Mi 
.1    iiuri'.r  I      I  I"    ,11  \..i,  ,    111.  .111-    ■•  I,) 

-'l"W     111    .1    lll-l  I  '  '!         .r  .1  p!  ,  ,l-  ,      t  .1  ,  ,' 

"I  111.-  ilii'l'll.  111-'-!  1.,  ,1,  '.  Minn,  '1  I  1  •!!,- 
."n'.-M  1  II  -  ,  ,111-  'iti.l.'iil,-,  ,|K  I  '  i.i\..r 
III,-  ri  11.!, t  iil;  ■  ll,  ll.:  .Iiiil;  "     |  h,    J,  «,  1,.„1 

I'.ok.  il.    I'llI    ll,:,!    II, ,1        ,  II    ill,.    i;I.,r\.    .1    V.  ll 

li.iil  hiil.i.ii  11  !i"iii  ill,  111  t,,,  I],-  .  .irlur 
.l.-«s.  th,-  W'l  "11  \l,i-i,'  i.H-,-.  .111,1.  |.,r 
ill'-  l.it'T.  ill.-  \,  ll  III', .11  ill,  11  ,.\Mi  Iii-.irt>. 
I'-'ii   tli,'  M  il  1.  ,1  .'i,-  .lu  ,n    in  (  liri-t   1  \ .  r. 

I  »  '-    if      i  In  1-11. in>  !...'k  iip.,ii  111.  I..'r.l, 
and  Wf  really  s.     |||s  >;|..ry.  lor  tlur.- 
no  veil  iip.iii         lie. iris,     liitre  i-  no  xtil 
'ip,  ,11  t'lirwl's  f.it-e,  it.ir  is  llu  re  a;i\  upon 
ours;  "ue  l.<li..l.!   :,ii„  f.ur  uu:,-ii,-ii  the 
.ulorv    •<  the  l.o'.l"    H,-lfU  tits  the  pas 
s.iui     :  iiiralily.  and  lirinns  out  the  thoiiKht 
"t  lihrity  in  \er    17  tniiih  in.  re  for.ihly 
than   irtlr.  tiii^    w..iil.|   d.>:   il    I- ippiK  .-x 
pr.-~s.-^  Ml.  ir  nik.  .1,  ,1  v..      at  ih,  t'l-vL-u, 
rr:.llty      Wli.i'    >    111,  lilt    |,\     /'',  -v  ../ 

/,  ',/  inn  t  1,.-  ii.iilu'i.d  ii,..n  ih,  .-nn 
-1  \!.     111-.    i;l,,r\    is    111    p. in    i.-w  )iy 
I't  niyiiiu  in,  11  ,.11'   ,,f  ;i  -t.it,-  ,,|   ,.,n,|,  iiiii;i' 
I  aii'i  'I'  iili   :'  •"  ,i.-.|iiill.il  .111'!  lit,  .  i.iit 

I  "  '-^  -1  111  i-,-iiipri  I'l-ii-u.-  tliiii,^  il:  in 
j  ill-  I    .ill,"-:,ll-i-r  ul'Ti"!!-.  .iii'l   1 1  , 

.■r.-unini;  t;!,,r>  i>  ||i.  r. -nr: ,  vli,  ,ii  11  C,; 
^■^  '      l!         ill.-   '..;!■  i\    "i    til,-    ti-,  n  .111'! 
iriiiiiiiili.iiit    I.,,r,l    lip,, 11    uln.-li    ill,  ("liii- 
n.an  v'.'i.'i''.  .-iiul        Ik-  i;.i        In-  1-  inins 

(■•niu;i    tut,,    .'/(,■   .v,,-;ll,'    ;/„-..    ,     ,1,1,1    |„  ,-,„|„  , 

like  his  ri^eii   l.,,r(l.  1!:,    p,,„  ,  , 

.uradiial   .m--.   /(.oii   ^l,.,y    1,    -  '  ,  ,;,,,,| 
this       also  «iiui;,  -t.  .1  hy  t!l,-  pr.  ><  ii|  |,-ii-, 
■  It  ti'i'  l>,  li  '1,1.  \  t-  !((,•  ,'',■,'!/-  tuniit.  •  iii,-,l  K 
I'll-  refi-r.-iii-.-  is  I  s,,  iiti.i!!\  >,,  .1  ir  .-i-fi'mi.; 
tioii  of  eliarai-ter.    The  ah-r^  is  an  inu,ii,| 
L'l.'iy.  111-1       ('lin-t'-.  i;!..ry.  Ii..wever  -irik- 

II  J  iniL'!;'  ll,  lis  extern. d  in  inilestati,,!!  .-It  llis 
-'I  "lid  e.'iiniiir.  wa^  < ->,nlially  Hi-  trtiiii',- 
I'liant  work  \V.'  ar,-  tr,iii-t", inn.  .j  ti.-m 
,s/,''.v  ^|  ,c/"»  v.  fr.itn       i;l"r\  t, ,  .in.>ih.-r  ati.l 

!  a  hii-'lu  r.  !i!i!:!  vm-  r,  1.  i.  |h.  >-,^\,.      n  T  r 
I  XV.  .sl--.t  I.     riii-  -ra,|i!:il  a:  'i  .     i"  .  • -  in - 
!  format  ion  is  in-t  -n.-li  as  "in-  u  -•!'!  ,  \pi,-i. 
.■.imin«  a-   it   .!•,.-   from  the   Lord  the 
spirit.    \\t.  I-  '--til.'  I.,,r,l  is  th,-  -pit;!  ') 
-I'ow-  tli.it   111!-   i-   tin-  iri:,-  r.-ifli-riiii;  of 
dirA  Mpi'oi    iri'f r Hit ros,  ,in-|   110;   (il!i,-r  ,,t  the 
1  otiii-r   tlieoretiially    possible    reii.lerings  — 


144 


II  lOUlNTHIANS. 


[Vn.  IV 


i.f  ili-iiiiiu-^tv,  «  .1  '1  .-   I'      r.iit  •!  ■•'>. 

CIlAi'TER  4  II,. r  liaiiilliii«' tlu  \\..ril  ..t  Inrii  Hilly  ; 

I  Tlttl.F.F.'«%  -•■'•"K  ««•  h-.nc  tins  min  Imi.  I.v  in.mU.  «',,l,..n  ..I  th.  ur.iU  o«« 
iMry  .1*  wf  havf  ri-cctvt-d  morcy.  wc  faii.t  in.  .i.hnK   '•nr......   i.,   ...Ty   mm,  co„ 


ntn ; 


J*  Hut  liaxf  rciUMimi <l  th>  hiddi-n  l' 


frfiiii 


tlu-  M.irit  of  l!"'  l  or-l"  «r  (-till   Tin'  .tfxslli's  I  <  tidn.ss  ifi.l  s :iu,fi:y  as  a 


K-s,)  •'  troin  tin-  I    "I  '■' 
irattHformatuHi   i«    i  lUii  .1.   .i-        li  i- 
M-iirci-   (<i»o)   in    Itiin  li 

Chrtst,  tlu-  M>irit  ..f  Chrtst  that  transform'    kI'Tv  .mi. I 

I  111  -  if^  ' 


in  I 

I.     ril.lrrU  '  v;    \'.r-\W   .  vhil'T  :..ii    .'f  till- 

I  !  V     ,<\  I  ;.  ill    1'.         III.  '11 

1 .1  .  .  •in      111-  •  '^v  11  1  iri  liar 
I  II  .  II  Is  tilfiliK  lliir.  I'.ri-  ;liat 


\]...I.IU.'  .1 


ri.i,  iiMi, 


,    1.  ii.iui  .I'll   i:!-"  -    Willi   Kr..it    li.-  -li    il'l  ii"»   .  Npress  thi>  .■Np.tuiu.  in 

111.  ,rc  p.  r-.nal  I.  rnis  Therefore  i  i-.  i-i>ii- 
siilrrim;  ilic  yL.ry  anil  tlu-  lil.irty  of  the 
ni-w  ili-p.  ns.iii..ii.  i.f  wlndi  lii-  i-  a  mi«- 
i.w. '     heeing  that  we  are  in  possession 


tli.ini'ht  ..ml  .  iiliiMii.,..  -  111  .1     I-:""  "i'- 

1„  ...lU   .11.1  p-^M-r.     I  li.  p.ill    •  ' 
I  i  ,v  I  !.       ■-111'  11    "       '1'  1'    "  '"^ 

MM,,,  r,  I.  l,.r  ll;.   .t.rii..l      \r.l  a  li.n  lliat      ,  ^.  ,       .  ,         ,  - 

i,|..,,',.|  i...l,i\.  !li.  I  \planati..n  of  this  muUitry.  tl.it  thr..UK;h  air-.  . 


nil  ,    ■  -  , 

i.  ,,ii.  II  II.. u.  .1-  It  til.  n.  .1  in'.ral  .  ■ 

.1  v.il  I-  lip.  .11  III"'  Ih.ut.  w!ii-tluT  tll.il 
\,il  1„    u.Mii  I'v  prijii.lu-i-   (.1-  was  tiic 

(it  -111. 


turn  i>r  claim  of  onr  own.  Lnt  in  accord- 
ance with  the  mercy  which  has  been 

  shown  us  Iiy         wlun  11.-  i.ilK.I      t<>  it 

l\"ittl  'lK-f.'.ri''  liis  V..n\iiM..ii)  or  ,  ii>Xt«i^n<i«»'.  a-'riM  i.  we  show  no  w.  ikiu^ss, 

  ' 'll-  iiiiiiistir  .it  s'u-li  a  ills- 


or  faintness. 


i  hat  \.  il  is  ri-in.>vc.l  wli.'ii  nu  n  ti  Mil  Iv  p.  ii-.iii.  n.  ul..ri....-  .iiM  li  .  .  1 ii" 
face    Hirist.    -Uli.'n    tm-n    turn    l..    •     i  .;. -a  ar.l.    11,    i  ■  >l    -  , 

lor.l    tlu-   M-.l    is   t,.k.n   :.u;i\"     In    II  nn  ,  lr.,„klv.  I..  .Llls         h.    li.,-  .ili,...l:.  cl.iniK.l 
tl'u-v  '.-.mfront  till-  fi.rnal  ..I.I.  1.  .ni.l.  Ml.-.  .1   i..  il.i  <  m  i-i 
with  linn,  tlnv  si. in. I  witlmi  it      In   I  I  m 
tli<-v    art-   <l.-li\\-i.-.l    ir.iin    !;..     r. -ti  i.-i i.  .ii- 


1  2.  I  lint. lit  \  .  .r  ...» .1  •  .ll.  1.  .1  's  t. 
ir...ik.-.!n. an. I  srl.ii-rliii;.  ,  •  I'.n'l  is  ii' 
iiiai  -iranclr  s,„.i,i.,n.-iiv  .iii.l  ..11  tin..-  lit.- ;  .  . .«  ir.l  li.  f-...!-  n..  -■■■|.rtnn.'  H- 
-wlu-r.-  His  spirit  iv  'i.r.  i-  MlTIv  —  '  -  ■  •!  ii-  .,11  .'i.  I.  iin.!.  i  li..n.l  u  v-  siidi 
,„„.  .,(  ,|i,.-i-  yn-.il  U..I.I-  .'t  I'-  il.  ■.^!.|.ll  ,p:"l'.iMv  hi-  .-|. . I-  .mp 
i;...-  rit 


.1 


a-  ..' 


' ,-•  ji,' .    lie    r.  ;  -|.l-.i'.--.  . 
.  ..nil. 11  u  illi  lii.  Ill     But,  -..  l.ir  ..r.- 
u..in  111.  mI-jiiiu  in  ill.   .i . ..  .k.-.l  ni.tii".'; 


■  lit    t.,    tlu    ll.  .li  t    .  .t    !!  .    t;.  -l"  I 
1,'lirist   iiiakc-  nu  n       ,•   K..1I.   \     1  l"'- 

|r..itl  llu-  iiunl.ii-  ol   ir.i.liti.in  :ii:.l  .,1    '  \  ,       .  ,  ,  ,      ,       ,  , 

fill, IK    imp..-.. I    .,11''    ii;v.    tr.'.-   t"   lliink    ul.u-h  timulitv  1.    I-,  tli.il  WC  lia^.-  rep.,:- 
,,,  ,„  ,  ..r.laiui-  uitll  thf   diated  luiM..  ■  . \.-r.  iiiipl>in«  t! 

'  liail  i'\  .  r  n-.  .1  .  the  hidden  thmK^ 


an.l  -p.'ak  aiul  ...  ' 

iiiii.n!-.'  .  .f  tin  -pit  11  u  itliiii,  1    ,     ,  ,     ,  -  . 

|..„  ,1,.,,  ,,„rit  nn,-t  !„.  .,  fhii-ti.in  spii  tjof  shame:    «li.  in.  r   Tf,,   aicrxyn^  I- 
,lu     -,,-,it    .i    tlir    /  It    is    l.>|!<v!iv..  ••  lii.I.I.  ■    'li-ii-^s  ..|  i//.v/i,./(, 

!  .it  art-   tr.iiis-  I -nl.H'i  ti        tli,  _  -    wlii.  ll    ,1  -. 

-1-  |.r...-...l-     .  Id  I  .>.''i.i"/.'  1.  I'N  a  1:.     t."  .■•  .f,  .:;il,  tin  , 


11,111    I  hill.     I  li.il    is   ..11.-  a-p.-vl    pr.u-tu-.irv  in. 


•ll  .  till 


I  lie    p.,.^-!.  iil.ir    i  r...  k.  - 

II.  r.'    r<-l       1'.  -    i-    frar  itu 

III.  I  I  -pi-,  i.iliv   ill  Ins  pn  . 


il.i.  I. 


It    1-   tlu  -pin 
i.t.,Aiin;  nil] 
l.iiiii.  ,1    Till-  ul'.i  ;.'.i-  i  li.i 
It    I'i'r..  1, 

..|  ill.-  ni.iil.r:  tin-  ..lli.  r  1-  tli.it  the  traii-.- 
f.  .rni.iti.  .11    I-    tlt.rt..!    it<      .'  i" 

U-arii  .  I'  llini  ami  111-  -pnil  '.v  k .■  .iviiii,'  at        „.  •     .  ,  .     -  ,  , 

lliii-  ,11.1  -t.a.I.'v  1..  li.'l.l  111-*  i;l.>r\.  walking  in  craftiness  nor  adulterati-  ; 

siK-iii'h  lint  siin-Iv  .|...s  t!i.-  .pialiiy  of  lii-   the  word  of  God.  th.it  i-.  tlu  L-  -p.  ' 


iii.  nts  tlt.il  ■'  1  !■  ••  1 
,.  I    ii     1:1      Ik-  Jn.k. 


hi.-   p.i-s  i.MT   int..  ..1:1-.   I  I!  a.-tiia.lk. 
ln-,-,.iiu-  till-  \.r>  niiim-  ..1  tlu-  |..:.l  mI-' 

Kia.'c  rp.'M     \\  ii..-"i  tlu-  -I. .Illy 
tluri-  r,,n         1:..   1 1 .- n-f. -i  .nati.  .11     It   ;  a 
.Liriiii:  ati.l  w..i..l.ri:'l  ).i.-f:i,      ili.-  -.■i\.int   .-  11  .'.nst  \al 
,,,•(■;:, I-'  1'.'    u'!i   .;.-\.il.  .1   I'.i.'-   ::p..n  i  ^■■-11.     N"-t      .  1' 

111,  .x.ili,.!    i  ..r,!.  an. I  !.•  n.u  i  r.ni- n  .vm. ■'i"-i-    ..t  .ik-.l 
a-  111'  ^.i/.s.  fr.  ni  i;k'iy  P.  glory,  till  lin.i! 
he  wears  His  very  image. 


'.i:.\.r  11! 
I'.y  I.,  |.  .lu^  t.. 

.•I.p.lIUIlls  lllil 
,!... 

111..   M       I.-  .k-p.  n-a- 
lii-  .11       :i;i       .1-  arc 
111.-. -I  II      ..    1    .  .iii.l.vr. 
II.-   In.!    1.,  .-1!    ...     --r.l    ..I    •  C'lnill.  ■   '■■  <^" 
kiin-i  It    ( i-l.  in    i  '     It  is  Inn.-,  lu- 

I'llt   lu-  ..Ul-   ll'-   lU  •■!!•'  <  iiiki" :-  .1   i>..t  ' 

tcrs,  nor  to  any  plausible  adultiratioi 


Cb.  IVJ 


11  <'ORLVTirt si* 


145 


.\    hilt  if  otir  Kiwprt  be  hut  it  hiil  t„  |,  .> 

thrill  that  arv  |ii»t  :  t      ivt  . 

4    III  whiiiii  the  n.  ..|  ,  „      hath  •  "iiii 

blimU'd  the  iiiiii<t!>  (It  'uti,  .  ;  :-'li«vv 


Ml 


Kospt  l  of 

i<><i,  ^huiiUI 


Ills  lilt  -^.IK>-.  l,in   villi;         ■  il   ■•  ' 
>iiirt  ri;  > .  .i  >iiii .  •  't*  «  i. 
«'K  II  an         !>luvi    .iicil  II,     ,11  ^ 

tt  '  ll  lie-  <l  ,  ,  II.  Ir.ir  the  r'  i\  ! 
ill  >:>■>>•       In   .  ■       i.!"i-.irliii:         >  re  i 

<liot|iti<  ii  on  tfit  contrarv.  it  in  by  tnak 
ing  the  truth,  tlu  .  il  .  ;  plain  tlia 
we  commend  ouncivn  relation  > 
every  haman  conacience  i    'he  itigh*^ 

Cod.     A-  ip^  II-'    r  ., 

uliiri  'iw    liv|Kiix,ii    II.    .'.iiil  ,,  |.. 


iiK~    ill   iir  ti. 

>•  lllllst 


<ir 

■U'l 


II. in 


•  "i!      ■        1-  .    I.Imi.Ii  ,1    ■  ll|i.in;l;(, 

;  '     iiiii  .  .j<'\  Hit;       t  ir.iiiiiii  ■  .  .illv .  Mil- 

'i    (<!■   1»   .•\.  rliMiji  .1      Wr   (N|M,I.  ■■v\li,''.0 

ill-  till-  u.'.i  ,         IiIiimI.  .1.    ,.i  It  th. 
'  1-   ll.^'l       '  11  111. el.-   Hi. I.  ,..         n(.  •  I 
i  iiii'liil  til.  iIi.iiikIi|.  ,,t  ihr  un'.i  ii,- .  Ill 
II-  iirr-t  iit   itirin,  tlu  i  I.uim  , 

l  -ilirl»  \  lllK,"   I-.   Illlllrn ->.ir\.   .111(1   t  \ 

■liii'l.iiti.   a-    tlif    MiikIciI    tli.iiii-liis  .11 

I  '  \   tlli'M'  111   "  tlu  ill  lli.H   ,irr  [I.  fi-lllliu 

•  ■' 1   Kraiiini.itii  al  .iw  kwanlm i>f  th, 

■  '  .  '  I-   Miiju<  >l>  •!   Ii>  ■'111-   -.  lii.l  ir  I  ,t 

I  l.i--       I  nil  iiiin  li  yr.iliiill.iflr  il  !■ 

I'll  .■W<\.T.    >Illrllll|    llnl    1„.    i\|U,'tl|  11 

I  l!i<-  :  1  )>i-lii!.ir  4  vU  1|.  Ill  S(    r.ril      I  1,, 

"•'•1  i:.Ui  .1  ir-'luitU  111  iliii-  iuMi 
I     I  '<•  >     :i,  1|.    t,.    tis    tli,.    I,  ,|„.,:  .I.ilin  |,,r 

'    ■  K'   r';'!!  "f   "'111  111   ili.ii    ,11,    |iiri'liiiiK " 

!  .'l"   ■'     'Ik-     nil  11     ti:,  lOi  \\  ,  V     .III, I  .  (1 


•<  II.'-  It 

|i    nt   III  ill. 
.'I       -ilit-t  It 


r  ll  • 

l:-lt  I: 
■  iii-r.    illr  .il'i 
i-.it'if-t.  I.,  Ill 


I- 


ir 
\i 

.■i  It:  111 
..{ 


-.  -r  111, 
ll  ii.-i- 
iii  'J I  - '. 

ir  \ 


V   I  !r  laaf  I  liiiin.ni 


II' 'I  111-  .III  ali~i iliiti-  ii  ~t 
iii'  i  I  II) .    I'aiii   ri  11'  iii!^ 
'    ;  -  I'  'ii-i  i.iii-  Ml  iiM'  r 

4ht  of  GOD  I.I  ir 

Ti-  I-  III!  aiijii al  I  III  .\ '  . 
"  a;'|H;il  t'l  fi.-rv  -i 
I  vrii  !..  <  1. 1.1  1 1  i!ii-i  It.  I  , . 


ill. 

1-    Will  , 

■■  "1  

til.    .!.  . .! 

W  tin 

111  It 

nil 

11,  /(' 

,  '  .  , 

-    .  ■:  :'ll 

l!-  . 

"  .  - 

'1,-.: 

■!  '11 

i:;.  .IimI 

l.lm.N  .11 

.1  Illv 

11 /.-.-,  • 

■  -11 

In   III. lie  1 

r.a.liiilK 

.  Ill  i  lUr 

ill. II!     •  , 

1  III..  Ii,  t 

I'.f   ill.  ' 

1.  ,11  1  1  1 

I.   III'llI,  ,s 

.-iii.l  I-!- 

:  ■  [  • 1       . '. 

:  ill- 

■        1  ..i 

til-  ,,. 

1     llLL'l  1 

tll.lt  1 

'll,' 

.i;;.-  nil  (■ 

iri-i  .-.  '■  . 

-   .11^. nil. 

win  11  t'l, 

,  S  I 

■"I- 


ll 


I'P.  ... 

,  ll.li 


"  "I  -I'.i'l  I'.    '  .ill  111  .ll!  "  It  (  .  .r    \  \ 
i--    .'-.it. Ill  .    .»    1 1  ti'.ii-K.il,),.    I, It,       ,  , 

Ml-     «ll.i~C     111.  ,11.  It!,,  ivlii 

■itr^'  .i~  .V.I,   I'.iiil  .     !i,   ,v  ,  spr.  -  i-'u  Iniii 

•  ll   111  a.-.-i  .nl  iii.  i-  \Mtli  till   nil  n,  ,,| 

1-  'ti'ii  .  >  t    !■  I'll    11        ■■  !!-,•    in  ui.  ,.|  •!„• 

,    ,  .       . .          ,                     i.  i-.M       lit  'III'  .III-  ■■  .   in   |.,|.u   y.|  ■!    ,  ,.| 

il-il    Illlli-i   I    .-imi.|>     ..I              M\      ;,,|    I,,.         ,.,||,.,|   -  ,1,,,    prill,.  ..|  tins 

vv.ir.lKT  I  r  il-qili,  ii\                      ...|-|.|"     11,,    ,,!,r,.-,    -'i-.-i',  -t-  .-,  ,!,  ,|!.  ..r- 

1.   I  :  .i  \  (•   .-im!    villi  1  ri    a ^    -,•    ■      :•■.,!   ,  .i ,     .  .     .      .  -      ,,        i  , ^    ,  = 

«'-;'-l'       •■     ■  '-  .''.-  •     ■    "to  t»revent 

y  uli.'iii  n   V,.,,  II  i.-i.l;  ,;.  I.   the  dawning  of  the  hsht     I  t  , 

in  1'  u.is  :.■;/,',/    Ii,.w  ,..,.,M   /    k  >  of  the  gospel  of  the  nlory  of  Christ. 

..    ..  .... 

1.1' 


iut  if  our  gospel     t' .        ;   '   who  m  -i  ;iiT!,,;i 
•  .'•''"''"a-  i\':    -'1   ! IS  is  the  image  of  Gud 
..rriri  veiled,  it  is  in  ilu-     u  -  -   ii„-   ,i...|ii  i.. 
t    o  I     the  perishing  that  it  is  veiled.       ■    k.  _.  .-,  /  ,  i  i 
I  i.-i-  uh'i  n  ii't.h.i!,  tlu- .^'....i,  I  ,iv  ,iri  .1,  ll,  .1   -.'..  -il.!    )„■    •■  t!,,  i..,,,, 
t'>   I'aiil  iVHuii',  vt.iinl  v>  !l  1-.  ii.li-niiii  .1  :  il.,-    (/..',•      il;,.    (  |.r  ..'  ... 
vi  il.  uf  uliii-h  tlu'V  c 'iiiiil.iiii,  i-         ll,,-:r   n,  -.v      .r,.]     ...[..r:.,!.,  , 
Ill-arts  (iii.  1.^),  .-ind  tlu-y  an   I'li  tlu-     .ly   lhiim;!i  .!,,t.!  it,...  il,. 
fi>    drsti  Uitii'it    [  dwoWi  utfott  i ,     |  lu-v    i  nii- 
slitiiti'  tlu-  cla-.s  tinalTcitid  liy  '•tlu   v.m  ,-i 
v.iviir  of  Christ"  ( ii.  151,  an,|  f,,r  uIlmi 
It  ui'I  iir"\,-  itv.lf  .1  v.ui.r  ,,(  ,!,  ;ii!i  1}^^.^ 
an-  those  whose  unbeheving  minds  1  hi. 
thoiiKhis)   the  god  of  this  world  lic. 
Satan)  has  blinded:  literally  •"in  wlu.m 


..  I 


1. .  ,  :  1. .  1. 
Iflin  I  -II  i.-i  I  I-  ...1.  ,1,,  -  |,.,,  \f..,.  ,,f 
till-  In--'  M.'s.'^  c  tii;'  n'ron  I  !!•  '■.  M' I 
an,  r  _eir-,a(j,-ti  tli.-  ,,iiit-  ..n  f.-rl  u.,,:.- 
cfTi'i-tivi  ly  v'mi;. tli.  ■  ■  -.iilhn,  ,  1  i|,,. 
"I'p.iMtinn  nryaiii/rd  |,\  '  ,■  •'i..,,!  ,.i  (i  ,, 
aiii'"  tn  the  pri'iiffvs  ..i  -     ],.  ;      !  . 

aim  is  to  keep  it  not  mily  fimii  shining 


i 


.1  -'.Oi- 


146 


11  CORIXTHIAXS. 


[t'H.  IV 


Clin-t  i.  -f  111  l...nl;  an.l  or.r.clvis  your  o„r  luarl^.  to  prr  the  .^1  ol  lie  kiuml- 
'.r'.k  f.r  .aU.-.  .■<1k^-  of  tho  glory  of  God  ,n  the  face  of 
(,    l-,,r                   i-.'iniiianiK-.l  the  hglit   Jesus  Chnxt. 


I 


(tho 


IM  'in 


i.i- 


I  li 


Iilinili-il  1 


uf't'll  ilh-m 

l.iil  frc.m  slinnim  at 
^|,.,v  ..r  (  hiiM  i-  |«n\rriiill> 
li\  th-  •v.'f.l-  ■•  uli.i  1-  til'  iin.m.' 
111.'  \  i-il'lr  iiu.im  '  .1"  th'-  im  i-iMi-  « ■"'1.  I  II'' 
liulit  lli.it  -!r..iiiw  li"iii  III-  Kl"i'y,  linlli.iiil 
■1-  it  i>.  I'liKim-  mi-rc!i  liy  those  whom 
iinlxlii  l  li.i-  I'liii'li'i. 

5.  1m-  li.  .11  a.-.-iiM  il  l.y  his  ol>l<" 

lu  ni-  "I  pn.u  liiiii^  •■  Iniii-.  ll."  How  im- 
1,'.-mM.  :mil  :ili-iir.l  this  charge  iiiust  have 
s,.uii'l'il  I"  out-  who  was  eon>cioiis  ol 
s'  lii'limr  >\.rMinre  withiti  sueh  a  lila/e  ol 
h'.n>iil\  t;:"rv.  ami  who-e  wh.ile  auilntum 
in  life  was  to  interpnt  that  ulory  tM 
.ilhers.  au<l  to  hrini:  tluni  wiiliin  its  illn 
niinatiiiir  power.  ( hii-  \\li"-<-  tlu  ir.e  w  ! - 
no  less  tlian  the  exal'ed  ami  ul'Ti-ii-  (.  liri-l 
—  the  \erv  imai.'.'  <>i  ti"'!  1  I  nn-ell,  siinly 
cculii  iiot'hi'  yiiillN  "I  pnarliin.i;  hiin-rll\ 
■|  1  wh'i    mill'     tlu-    ilMrm-    ina\  lia\e 

nuant,   that,  a-    I'anI   liail   ii-i    kii"'an  lli'' 


eartlil> 
otily  I'll 
faet  t 
hi>  1 1\\  II 

It  -1) 
preach, 

'1  ur 
i\    in  I'd 
w.  "t 


II 


'  -iiN  In-  I'l  l  av  laiu;  "I  II  mi  re-t<  'l 
h:-  iiiia-i:!ali"ii.  ii"t   ml  ( ihi ift i\ 
al    tlu  ii  i'  'l  i'    111    I'l  1  :i'-lu-'I  .  '. 

I'l.  a-.  -I'l  I'lila;  11  >ii-.  1  !>■  ;  lull  ''1-  i~ 

For  it  is  not  ourselves  that  we 
but  th.    yl'.ii'.ii-   Christ  Jesus; 

luaa'-ll    Mini    1  as  1    Lord,   -■'  tliat 
]ia\e   II"    t'-ir.  as  serin  t" 

III  t\  •  ai'iii/ii'.i;  (  '•i7>'o  ''/"".  1.  -'  I  I 


them.  Iliiinan  la.iru  an'  .lark,  till  they 
.ire  thn-  illmniiKcl;  a  veil  1-  upon  tliein, 
nil  u  1^  I'lncneil  liy  conversion  to  Christ 
(  ni.  15,  till.  Lunversioii  is  like  creation; 
it  is  iiicieed  a  iiew  ami  greater  creation  — 
I'.ir  while,  at  creation,  (iod  cumituiinled 
the  Ii:;ht  to  shine,  in  conversii>n  it  is  He 
lliiii.i.li  who  sliines.  I'uhiiiti  this  liroad 
statement  lies  the  part ieiil.ir  e\|HiieiKe  of 
Paul's  own  convei-ion.  I  lu  re  he  was 
smitten  hy  a  of  .n erwlirlinini,'  ulory. 

ail'l  the  face  from  which  the  ylory  -li'  iie 
was  the  fiui-  of  i'hrisl.  a  slea.ly  .-ni'l  al'i.l- 
itiir  nlory,  which  I'anl  from  th.it  hour  ha'l 
ii'MT  c'ea-eil  to  -ee.  ami'  w  liieli  wnlil 
-iiMi,.  fur  i\',r — iinlik'.'  I'l'-  Irin-ieiit  .e,l"fy 
uliuh  lit    the   I'aee  ol    Ills  i;m  at  antityiie 

'liiiif  clear 
Kt^Tia^ibf  ,  .  . 
illiiniin.'itioii 
iiitiiuUil  to 
(lie  shone 
i/ir  of  the 
a. Ms  t"  the 
lea  that  the 
le  >lioiie  ill  my 
■is).  Something 
for  Iiotii  virus.    On  the  one 
n:i  the  shilling  face  of  Christ 


-  I . 
laM 


It     1-  f."t 
daii-e  T»>"5  ' 
\  u  \v  t'  I  the 
e.   I'tc")  is 
a  ot  shiiiiiif^ 
j;iV'    "ijlit  ly 
)  or  w  !  ,  ■ '  1  r  it 
of  .-liiii'.iiy  the  I 
(1 
'tlu 


over  von.  I  hi  the  e"iiMar\.  we  iii'.ull 
Ihiii  as  i  oril,  and  ourselves  (as)  your 
servants,  for  Jesus'  sake:  it  is  for  His 
vake  tli.it  -ir\e  \"ii  -  -  that  yon  niay  he 
hmuvlit  witliMi  the  ^'lorioiis  dispensation 
vJiuh  II.  crial.d.  atul  lliat  tlinmyh  the 
proclani.itioi!  .if  Hi-  eo-i>el  the  knowledu.- 
(if  I'll-  Kl.iry  of  tioil  may  illiiminate  yo  r 
hearts 

6.    This   viTse   eviilains    \ii.         A-  n 


1-  (. 


./  w 
■mil  u.iM' 
'till  r- 
1-^11-'   -  'k 

niM- 


H.ive    I'a  il    till-  dk 


11111  t. 


'Il 


inir 
I'll' 


M'l-i  -     (  ni. 
uliiilur  till- 
I  xptarov  (  "  \\ ' !  !i 
jof   the  kli.iwlr' 
'ikil'orale  the  i' 

Iiii   iiiv  lie.irt  t' 
know  k'.li;i'.  etc. 
-iiiiple  tii"il'-lit 
,  li'^li!  niii-t   lie  .lilYii-i'i 
In  art  to  ri\  e  li'.^nt  /.> 
;  1'  ni  lie  sai'l 

I  Ii.iiid,  it  wa-   ^  -  - 

l  .;t  his  coiiversi  .11  that  Paul  saw  .and  hecame 
...liiainted  with  the  iilory  of  (!od.    On  the 

|.  th.  r  h.iiul,  the  previous  verse  ha.I  eii.h.l 
kv  r.iiie-intiii^r  I'aiil  as  the  servant  ol  the 
(.'..rinthians  f.ir  Je-its"  sake:  that  is.  he 
iiV'st  pri:!i-h  amoii'j  tliettl.  tliat  th.'  lii;!it 
which  shiiii's  111  III-  lu:irt  iiiav  .ari-i-  and 
-hitie  ill  tk.il-.  I  ke  p. .--ikilit ii-s  ;ire  so 
'  viily  h.-ik;:  '■. '1  tk.i!  it  1-  kn  'l  I"  'I'vi'le 
i  .  lw'.'t  ti  ' in  In  li'iiir  im-i.  (.'"I  -Iioiie 
m  I'.nil'- In  .irt  to  bring  the  light  'uk.ili'- 
'.'  !i;ri-.  It.  or.  llir.iii'.'!i  km.  t"  .  lli.n  -  <  cf 

the  knowledge  of  the  glory  of  God  in 


ot 


l.ll  I. 

1  I. 


(the  face  of  Christ. 


•!,K 


I !  l-'or 

c  ,  .1!  |.  "1    I'l    I  1  n 

shall  shine  light 
in  our  hearts. 

\au\l>i    I  1-  trail- 

(  ... t'jn.   I      11  1 1  '!■) I  1 

(  I iiiini.ii'il' .1  till  1 
I  here  i- 
n   tki-  \\"rk 
devil      ill'-  killi 
j/iiiii'.f  111  upon 


said 


ttr-- 

tw. 


the    God.  who 

.    ;  1  "  Out  of  darkness 
He  it  is»  who  shone 
.\ISS    w;i\.  r  1"  '  A'  11 
'I   a!"'\e  I    .11"!  " 
I'-.in 


I'.irl 

.  I  I'llV 


t"  I'l-  a  man 
i-"iiiprotni-i-. 


w  I 


lu 
:it. 

omI.: 

■.Jl!  /a 

a  tun 
of  (.. 

■/ 


••  ( 

■nil-  out 
'II'  r 

..'I'l  Ilia 
11. 'I.  tin 


their  liiart-,  ;itul  illimi 


of  il.irk 

!i.r,- 

-   .'f  tk. 
ti'iiii.' 
in. 


.1  pu. 
mi-iiii; 
ti'  11  t 
-p.  .iks 
nun. 
Ill'  li.i'^ 
\\  itlnii 
hroke 


-l.inn 
.mil 

!'i-  ill  aim:,',  i  ~in  i-iall\' 
!'.  r.     Ill    1-   a  ni.tii 
-liua  rily,  u  lin  fri  Is  the 
;/!.;'' r   //;.'    Irnlli  f'l.ilii 


il'kors 
,1  ...I 


er. » ' 
in  lii^ 
'I  mil'' 
■    -v  ol'liya- 
inil  who 


-nh- 
>l  .iiid 
lit".-  ;is 
nipr. 


-lra!'.ilit  li'itii 
'l  lii  -  .  'p,  nil. 
.  IhCI'I-i'  lie  i-  1' 

the  liL:lil  Tkr 
upon  liini  in  th 


t"  the  e. m-i  i.  iiees  ol 
.f  ^p.cch  ami  conduct 
I-,  .n-.  i.  .lis  of  st.imlinii 
yl.iri.ins  lii;ht  which 
L'  wav  to  Damascus, 


Cu.  IV] 


II  l'()KIXTHIAXS. 


147 


"    Ilitt  we  have  this  ticasiiri-  in  t-artht-u  l  not  (hstrc^-iid  ; 
vi-s<i-N.  that  tito  fxcfllfticy  of  the  jtowcr  in  i!t-pair: 
may  I>c  of  God,  atul  ii.il  of  iis  i    ,)    IVrsirnliil.    tint  tint 

S    li  t'  lift'  troiihk'd  on  I'xt-rv  >iiU',  vit  i  ilowti.  Imt  not  ilr^trovttl ; 


wr  itr,-  perpli-xed,  hut  not 
forsaken;  ca»t 


l!ic  -IiiiiiiiL;  f.u-f  <<i  t 
s,i»    llu-  iiiinitrr.ililf 
ci  ml  iniU'il  • '\\\\  I 

sliiiie  ii|ioM  hiMi  ;  and, 
hulit.  etiMM-ioiis  of  it« 


lin^t  n|i"M 
r.I.'i>    .  t    (p.cl,  ,, 
1    liaiuit    liiiil  I'll! 
a-  lir  wa'iks  ill  ti 
ilhnninai  ion  aii<l  r 


linalion,  liis  life  heeoinc-^  lran-]iataiit  a^ 
the  (lay.  To  sneh  a  man  artitiee,  (h|iloinae\. 
and  self-Iatidatioii.  are  an  impo^stliiliiy.  and 
he  repudiates  the  cliarue  with  oarne<tne»s 
and  sorrow  (cf.  i.  i;t"f.). 

In  viTses  4-^>  there  is  a  snKKeslive  view 
— ^jnst  indicated,  not  elahorated  —  ofhi-tory 
as  a  Titanic  conflict  between  the  power-- 
of  litiht  and  of  darkness.  There  are  fon-e-. 
organized,  as  it  were,  tnider  some  "  K"d 
of  this  world,"  conspiring  to  inti-nsify  the 
unlnlief  of  nun  wiio  reieol  Jons  and  to 
Mind  them  all"m-llur:  forcis  \\lio>e  dia- 
liolieal  and  deliln  r.i!e  aim  i>  to  prevent 
tlir   ilawiiini;   "i   llir  of  the  nlory 

of  (.'hri-t."  anrj  to  s<  I  nu  n  on  tlu'  r"ai!  |o 
(K --iriietion.  i'.nl  auaiti'-!  thrni  iMTnioie 
lielil^  tlu-  iiri  at  ( li  >(1  of  hijlii.  ul;..  oni  of 
tile  (!i  (  ]H  -t  il.irkiirs,  i-ai!  i  > 'nuiiaad  lit^Iil 
to  an^i'.  Into  Mili'd  .and  lilnulnl  Iir.irts, 
when  they  tnrn  to  llic  I. on!  (  ni.  IM,  ,i 
i;nat  hi;hl  >!ri'.ini>  from  lii-  -liiniiiL;  f.u-i'. 
■  iiid  it  i~  day.  Miosf  wlio  li.ivc  llu-  liulit 
,ir.  divini'lv  snnnnoned  to  tlilfnsc  it:  this 
is  their  share  in  the  eonlliel  wnli  li.irU- 
n^ss,  ••  \\c  are  vonr  ser\ants  for  Jons' 
sake." 


Till'    ria};ilr    I'csst'l    and    llw  Uloriinis 
TrrtisiDi-  (iv.  7-15). 

In  the  preeeilini:  «rtion«.  I'ani  has  heen 
speaKin:;  nineh  of  iii.iry.    The  dispiMis.iti.  iii, 
1  I  wliieli  he  i^  a  mini-ter,  is  ma-  ..f  <  \rr.  d 
'jlory.    The  Lord  of  it        a   I  ■•f 

i;;.>ry,     tl  is,  in  one  .aspect.  Ilis  ij!'  i>  'ii.it 
i-    ilu'   ih.  ine   of   llu'    yo-p,  |.     |'i,,'ii  lli^ 
-p!i  niK  nt  f.ic'e  il  i~  i' f  u'"!'.  oi(,,  .1  11mm 
M  if   ihat    slnm  -.    .\iid  w '      li,  ImLI 

tin-  i^li'ry  of  l!ii-  l.orij  ate  ihiUisi  Kis  Iraii- 
fi'rtnid    inli'   iIn-   ^.itvr   nn.iu^e    Ipmii  uiciry 
I"  (iiid.  t'lu-i-i.  llir  !i.  w  ili-|i.  !i-a 

tioii  ,-i:id  it>  ininisirrs.  all  ,il;I  i  .oc  i.'l.ai.iM~ 
tlir  o|i|i.  mcin-  I'f  I'.iiil  til  !!■  ni.a> 
l.a\f  SI, mill  SI  iiiiri  lijn'j;  iiiri  mLTroMs^  .niil 
alnii.si  ridii  nlons,  in  lliesi'  Imli!  e'.iinis  of 
hi-  In  ylorv  So  far  from  .-idxaneinu  frntn 
u'"r\  lo  ylory  (  iii,  i.*^)  "his  !...ili!y  ]irrs. 
eiVT.  ihi'v  say.  is  weak  and  Ins  s|ii  i  di  i.f 
no  .iccoimt "   (X.   10).    The  external  ap- 


pe.iranci 


if  i'.fii!  did  1  a  1;  .ill  siiiiL'i-t 
1  '>  u  li  111  I  llll  ni.in  i\  It  Inn  ^^  a  s 
1.  I K  -  a  li  -.  !  Ill-  .an  \  1'  Mrs  .iml 
d.niL^its  '■  win.li  111-  w.is  (iiniinn.illv  In' 
si  l  li.id  .0111  linn  onl  lu  iiire  Ills  i-.ini- : 
lluv  uire  kiliniL;  lnni.  .1-  iliis  p.ir.iur.ipli 
cspn-ssurK  hints;  and  ttai  .ire  snnir  uho 
e\rn  hcliiM-  ili.at  liis  I'pp.'iiiins  rci;.iril<-c| 
his  sntTi  rini-s  .-i-i  dixiiu  1  !i  isi  ineni  I  he 
contrast  lietween  his  .ippr.ii  nice  .and  his 
claims  was  indeeil  ulariiik; :  how  coidd  they 
he  reconciled  "'  I  Ills  comrast  am!  recon- 
ciliation we  11", V  pmciTil  to  consider. 

7.  But  we  have  this  treasure,  that  is, 
the  kiiowlidue  of  the  sjlory  of  (iml  in 
the  face  of  Jtsus  Christ  i\vr  di,  .iiiii 
perhaps,  in  a  larger  sense,  the  nlorions 
tm'nisiry  of  the  Rospel.  in  earthen  vessels, 
tli.il  is,  in  li!idii-s  mortd  i\ir  ill  and 
therefore  fr.iil,  .and  i'\pi's,i|.  as  was  I'.aiil. 
Ill  spri-ial  daiiLii  I  s,  as~an!ts.  and  li.ir.issitu; 
<■  \|ii  1  u  iu  (  s  I;.,]  tli.i'  sMi  li  a  Irr.isiire 
slioiiM  rr-nlr  in  s!u-|i  a  h.  ..j^  w.is  ri-,i!ly 
11"  ni.a  i'  .nisliMiij  tli  ni  lli;it  Kold  >>r 
siK  ir  sliMiiM  lie  il,  |i.  .s||,  ,1.  .as  was  s,,nii- 
iMiirs  i|''iu-.  in  \rs~,|,  ,,(■  ,  artli.  iiw  ,irr  It 
is  lUMv  safi'  to  ,irv;ni'  frniii  tin-  \is,,|  tn 
tlie  tr.  asiirc.  Iiiih  i  d,  this  \iry  incon 
i:rnit>  liil'AiMii  \.s>,-l  and  treasure  s,r\is 
,a  dunie  piirp. .s,-  h  is  in  order  that  the 
excess  of  the  power,  ih,-  ,a|».s||,.\  ,  \iraor 
dinary  and  irtnnipliam  aciiMly.  ;dloi;etlier 
in  excess  of  anylhini;  th.il  otie  would  nat- 
nrally  havi-  expected  from  one  so  worn  .is 
he,    should    be    reCoKm/ed    to    he  God's 

1  ToO  Ofoi  )  and  not  to  have  its  source 

I'O  in  us.  Jfow  could  sneh  a  man  ac 
i-oinplish  s-ch  .in  ,x,,-,Jiii:;  iiil.;hly  work' 
''haiK.  .nisNMis  t':i-  .apostle,  .-is  the  power 
displayed  is  out  of  all  proportion  to  ih,- 
I  in.in  hinisi  lf,  it  can  not  h.ue  conic  frctn 
llnin,  it  can  therefore  only  he  (iocl's  di 

Ml.  1)1. 

8,  9.     Tills,-    ^,r-.s    ilal.ir.iti-    the  con 
tr.ist   1,1  twi,  Hi",     !i   'I   1.,,,;.,,    MM-.I  and 
liaras-id  mii  .ill  -mIi-^.  and  tlir  di\ini-  p'-wrr 
uliiili  ih  I  i  nU   sM  '  oils  Inm.  Imt  eMrni-'ii- 

I  n  il'!'  s    liini    li .    Ml-    ti  1   h    (  \  1  i     id)  ;ind 

II  I  iMi  I  nil     In  every  1  direction  >  pressed 
but   net    inextricably    i  li:     11.  :  n   ,/i  i',- 
i'ij.'m  1/  A.'  r.M  1 .  ;,    '!i  M  ilii  1 ,    I  ■  Ml    ,■ . 

1  ipi'  iriin  111    perplexed  but  not  to  des- 
peration   (  li  r    tills    word    pl.u,    (iiropai  un'oi 
.and  t'i'iT'-oooi  i<»i'0(.  iniiio--ili!i    n.  p  imI,  1  adi 
111!, Ill  iv   111   I'imllsh,  1  t'    il'iiM  iin   1     i  ;i  pur- 

isued,  but  never  forsaken  hy  dod.  thrown 


148 


II  CORINTHIANS. 


[Ch.  IV 


10  Always  Injaring  about  in  the  body  I  12  So  then  death  worketh  in  us,  but 
the  dyiiiK  of  the  Lord  Jesus,  that  the  life  !  life  in  you 


also  of  JcsHs  might  be  made  manifest  in 
<iur  body. 

II  For  we  which  live  arc  alway  dcliv- 
»r»'d  nnto  death  lor  Jisus'  sako.  tliat  the 
life  also  of  Jcsii<  might  be  made  manifest 
in  our  mortal  tU'«h. 


I.?  We  having  the  saino  spirit  i.f  faith. 
aoconliiiK  as  it  is  written,  1  believed,  and 
therefore  liMve  1  spoken;  we  also  believe, 
and  therefore  speak; 


down  lo  the  uroiitnl.  but  never  to  perish. 

i  his  swift  sueeeNsj.in  of  passive  participles, 
shows  liow  tierce  were  the  circumstances 
with  which  I'aiil  had  to  conten<l,  and  which. 
Imt  for  the  stislaininjr  grace  of  Cioil.  woiiM 
inevitably  have  brought  him  to  drst^air  and 
Jcslruilwn.  Tiiere  is  11..  nal  conlrailiction 
between  the  siatiiiuiit  in  i.  lli.it  lie  had 
acliially  <lespaired  of  life,  .mil  the  "niAei 
(K  spairinv  "  "I  mt.  S  here.  I  he  foi  ni.  i 
jilirase  illustrates  llu'  nniisiial  peril  to 
which  i'aul  w.is  011  tli.ii  iH-i;isi,>i  e\piis,Ml. 
the  latter  his  j;eiieral  aliunde  (pres.  pic  I 
to  all  peril. 

10.  I  lu-  \  ,irir(l  I  \perii  ncr-  snuMJe-h  il  li\ 
\\  ,s:.  cj  .11,  -iinniK.I  np  .ii'd  illunniateil 
ni  Mr.  10;  evermore  1  irnirort  ci  Tri -poii.  U 

I,  ,  <'i'  jrio-Ti,  \  I  r  I  ni  my  iiiis-ii 'iiai  \ 
ti.ixels  I  jripi  t  bearing  about  in  the  body 
the  dying  of  Jesus.  1  lu-  lierceiu-s  ..| 
till'  cxpiruiicrs  uitli  wli'cli  I'.aiil  w.is  lieiiii; 
C"iuiiin.ill>  confi.'iileii.  already  plain  enough 
IroMi  \v.  S.  ij.  ;iri'  p.ithetically  ilhistraliil 
by  the  word  ett^puictf ;  they  coiistiiiue<l  a 
coiuinnal  />i,ii<\«  c/  ticath.  They  were 
uradually  killing  him.  and  would  one  ilay 
kill  him  Mtit  liis  coiisohiiii'ii  and  his  joy 
was  that  he  shareil  this  experience  with 
J  cms.  lie.  loo,  and  in  similar  ways,  had 
lieeii  snbiecled  ti>  ;i  nr.idiid  dyiiiii.  uliuli 
li.iil  ■•nhmn,iie<l  in  Ills  death  on  the  cr.  ; 
aiMl  llif  ilisiiple  .■iiitiiil  .ind  i'\en  K'.'d 
til  In-  as  his  iiMsi,  ■  Mil  uiinl  J.wiis  re- 
e.ill-  Ills  i,iuli!\.  liisiiirie.il,  ixprrieiices  of 
sntVei'in.'  Mils  c  illlinu.ll  expevuiU'e  of 
iImii-.:.  tills  il.iiK  l.iciii'.^  of  ile.iili  aii.l  d.iilv 
Irmmpli  ■  '\  1  r  ii  fur  1  '  nil  is  ~i ill  all \  e 
.'iri!    W'li'vinv:        .■ '  :  '•.     ivi  l.    "1       li.is  fur 

1!-  .  !>  Ill  that  the  life  also  of  Jesus  may 
be   made   manifest  in   our   body.     I  lie 

ImmIv  wliii-li  w,|s  the  s,  ,11  iif  the  i/y/".:.'. 
11111-1  .iNii  lie  tile  siat  111  ihi'  'niniipli  o\ir 
thr  nil  ii.ier  ..f  (le.ath  •  .hpI  ;!;e  tri;iiii;ili  w.is 
ilVriliil  In  llle  ir.  ll^  J:<llS  It  «as  til,- 
■•'     l,yiis.    Ill'    l!ir    ri-iil    .ami  ev.ilted 

ll-lls.  ,h,,, 

II.  .  .l,,,...l 


\\  .1  - 

..m  .. 


Iiim. 
1. 1'.. 


that  was  coming  to  visibility  in  him,  and 
it  so  came  because  he  was  willing  to  die 
coiitinnally  f(>r  Jesus'  sake.  .\s  Professor 
Deiiney  says,  "To  wear  life  out  in  the 
service  of  Jesiis  is  to  open  it  to  the  en- 
trance of  Jesiis'  life"  (lixfositor's  liihlc, 
2  Cor.  p.  ifi.?). 

II,  12.  The  tlioit«ht  which  ver.  lo  had 
eNpressed  iiiysiic.illy.  ver.  II  eNjiresses 
more  di  limieiy.  For  we,  who  are  alive, 
are  being  continually  delivered  over 
unto  death  iiUic  iiuleeil.  Iml  with  this 
ci.r'.imial    meli.ice    of    (/.M.'/l  —  for  Jesus' 

sake,  in  order  that  the  life  also  of  Jesus 
may  be  made  manifest  in  our  inrrtal 
flesh.  Tills  si  iitriiee  I  I  >rn  s]innils  pi  and 
eliieulales  \i-r.  lo:  cf.  ati,  iraiTori  ;  the' 
(liti'ienh  lihr.isf  "  ihe  ilyiiiK  of 
reiil.iceil  1)\  the  simpKr  ami  less 
"ileluered  to  death  for  Jesiis' 
the  "body"  lieconus  the  "  iiior- 
Tlie  exlnliitioil  of  the  life  of 
Jesns  in  bodies  of  fniil  and  mortal  Acsh 
IS  peculiarly  wonderful;  and  this  is  the 
•livmc  purpose  of  the  apostle's  daily  ex- 
posure to  death.  Not  all  such  exposure 
manifests  the  life  of  Jesiis,  hut  only  such 
as  is  uiideri-onc  for  ),  sus'  siikr.  The  suf- 
fering which  is  fur  His  sake,  is  conceive<l 
ill  ver.  to  as  sli.irid  uitli  llini  —  the  true 
eiiiiiiierii.irt.  and.  ;is  it   were,  the  cimtin- 

I'.lH.M 

mill-: 


am 


r.ire 

Jesns  is 
prol'iMiiid 
s.'ike.  '  ;im 
tal  rtesh." 


made    m.iiiifi  st  in 

,!;,.     ,1.  ;,..,! 

of  Jr-iis     I'. ml  saw   in  li's  d.iilv  deliver 
aiiee    fnmi   ile.itli    nut    only   a    witnes.  to 
the  power  of  his  li\ini;  Lord,  hut  .m  iiKii 
tily  of  III-  own  life  with  th.it  of  his  l.i.rd 
It  was  aeluallv  tlir  litr  of  Jciiis  Himself 


His  own.  There  is  something 
11\  lender  .•ind  impressive  alu  iit  the 
fourfold  rrpeiiiinti  of  the  name  /r.vH.t  in 
I  this  p.-issaLie.  It  is  eli.irL;ed  w  ith  the 
1  nii-mory  lit  llis  raMhl>  -nlTi  rim;-,  wliii'li 
are  ri|M.iiii;  ,iiid  i  n  ■ !  iii*.  d  ni  lli'i-,.  tli.it 
,ire  111-  Consequently  death  works  in 
us,  but  life  in  you.    I'.nd.   ihniijli  >et 

.a;i\e  (if  oi  vuwTn,  \  cr.  ni  i,  sl.,\\|\,  Imt 
|s';:r!y  if\iiii;  dviii-J.  ll.i\\i\ir.  for  Ji'sits' 
!.v,//,i'.  it  i-  )),ii'  i  f  his  mini-try  of  Je-iis. 
i  a:id  li\  th.il  imiii-'ry.  hy  the  go-liel  of 
ije-ii-  wliirh  he  pr.  n  laim-.  lilr  /'.T  i '/'.■/ 1///: 
I  in  the  ( '■  ••inlhiaii-,  I  heir  /.."/ii,;,'  tlius 
jfriim  his  the  life  that  is  operatue 

ill  '.]'.■.■•!<  '.:  <]•.:■  life  'ha.t  is  m.inifested  in 
■  liim      till'         of  .Irsiis. 

13.     I'aiil  ha-   iii-t   spnkell  of  the  death 
which  is  workmir  in  lnm    meantime,  how- 
ever,   he    iniiiht    s.iy.    ^iih    tlii'  I'-ahnist 
,(cxviii.  17)  ho  is  not  dead,  but  lives,  and 


Ch.  IV] 


II  CORINTHIANS. 


14» 


14    KtiowitiK  that  111-  wliidi  raised  up  the  that  the  abundant  grace  miKht  throuKh  tli 
J  ..-l.^n'li*  '!!*."'*  "  "  °^  J'^''"'*'  >'ii"JL'<SK'vinK  of  many  redound  to  the  glory 


Lord 

and  shall  present  us  with  you. 
15   For  all  things  arc  for  your 


sakes, 


of  God. 


(In  lari";  tlio  works  the  Lord.  Within 
liini  work^  liic  niiniity  >|iirit  ol  /<i///i,  nu 
in^  htm  Imtli  \i>ion  ami  coiifuleiiee :  an<i 
in  this  strength  and  inspiration  he  fear- 
Ksslv  proclaims  the  gospel.  But  we,  pos- 
sessing as  wc  do  the  same  spirit  of  faith 
as  the  ancient  Psalmist — in  accordance 
with  that  which  is  written  in  Ps.  cxvi. 
10.  nanaly,  "I  had  faith,  therefore  I 
spoke  " —  we  also  have  faith,  therefore 
we  also  speak.  He  ricoKni/es  his  spintn.il 
kinsiiip  with  one  of  Nrael's  ancient  siiiK>  rs, 
w  hose  faith  inij)!  lied  linii  to  ntti  ranci.  :  hr, 
/,i,.,_(Aoi  rifiiif,  tor  tlu'  a.iji'^  ,iri'  linkiil 
cull  to  each  by  the  honil  of  faith)  —  in- 


h 


!iuh  r 

.1.  ilu- 


•  conrsi 
the   -.ulii   h.i-  Ik! 
I'rit  the  ■■  liii-iiiL;  " 
in   view    for  hiiii-rli 
rectum    from   the    nim.u  . - 
vv.    la    1 1  >    wineli   pr.  .\. 
reetion  life  nf  Jesns  1-,  in 
■  presentation  "  slious  th.it 


K-en 


-pirrd  liy  the 
pi  1  K-|,iiins  the 
lliliTiw  wi^rds,  of  which 
Si  .itu.iyint  traii-l.ilion.  is 


same  spirit 
Ko'-pol.  Till 


of  faitll.  liolilly 
'  miMiuiin  ot  the 
I'liiil  (|iioii-s  the 
r.itlitT  iiiu'iTlain 


—  perhap.'  "I  hilu\e  (my  fai:h  i--  t'lM'd  1 
when  1  speak":  hut  the  m.im  poitu.  the 
eoiiiu'ction  of  faith  witli  iitiiranee.  is  iin- 
■imhlmioii-,.  Till-  spirit  of  iiv.lh  Is  the  ^iiirit 
eoniii'Cled  with  failh,  tlu-  spirit  whi.h 
mainle''Is  itself  wliere  li''h  w  pir^enl 
Trne   faith    is   not   silen'  lira\e  and 

tiir.f/.  It  impels  I'aiil  tf  ,  •  ;  tb.e  j;"^- 
pel,  though  it  is  graduallv  •  'iir  lnm  his 
life,  that  the  life  of  Jesns  )>e  operative 

in  others.  The  olivions  v.>>iiiieeti(>n  in 
(ireek  between  wiVnt  and  iri(rrfi'o^ei>  is 
somewhat  oliscnred  by  the  English  faitli  " 
am!  "  we  believe " ;  hence  the  remlering 
"  we  have  faith." 

14.    Taiil's   persistency  and  courn.w  in 
preaching  the  uo-p.  1  are  <|ne.  in  part,  to 
/(;•/.(    in   the   fttlnre — in  par- 
i  faith  in  the  rr\i(n;\  ti.ni.  lie 
by  his  vi-ion  of  tin-  day  when 
"  r.iisi  d  n|)  "  and  "  pri  -.-nti  i!  " 
with  his  Corinihian  eo;i\irts, 
be  more  corint  to  s 
the  aposiK'  so  mneh 

of    r ',•,/.'. ■ 


raisid.  and 
Is   !, .  nitit 
tl    luri-  h.is 
l.iil>  risur 
h.ilh  lit 
h,:'    'In-  n-siir 
llmi     Cut  the 

  anl  li.is  III  \  u  w 

the  tinal  and  literal  resnrrection  This  pas 
saye  seems  to  be  cast  in  a  ililYereiit  tmdd 
troin  others  in  which  he  expects  t.i  Ik-  alive 
at  the  coming  of  Christ  (cf.  1  Thes,  iv.  15); 
hilt  he  had  already,  once  at  least  ( Cor.  i, 
S»  drawn  so  near  the  gates  of  death  that 
he  contemplates  his  death  before  that  con- 
sumniatio:i  as  alloi^ether  possible,  lint  he 
tih'us  that  he  will  rise  (..r.  to  be  more 
iMinct.  ••  Ik-  raised")  z^-iHi  jesns  ^  ii,,i  ,,f 
'oiirse.  in  pomt  of  time.  tli.,-  he  uill 


pr.-eis. 


lb 
It  is 
lore 
10  I. 


j.sllS 

l,h'. 


siirreeti- '11  < 
lie  a!l.ie!ii 


^1- 


he 


t. 


ul 


I  tc 


ol 
ol 

am. 


liiue 

1  the  won 
nih  i  l  lain 
.iriiiu  •■  be 
(  hi  Is-  ■■    (  ef  V 

Hie    lllr  ass,, 


and 
It  IS 


Ins  ininhty 
tietilar  to  hi 
is  sustained 

lie  w.-!iM  be 
in  e"nip,iny 
(  ir  it   u  I  Hih 

till-     is  t 

ol'  i.iiih 


'i.'ii  are,  |.,r  I'. ml 
^I'ln    bill  kind;\ 
.^l  i  a!   I  I  ■nsiiniiii.i  ' 
^"  ibleiis  r.inl  .iiniil 
•  ni'l  when   l.u'r  |.. 
lend,  r   aii.l  .iih-e 
ki  Words      itli  v.'K. 
I.ne    ol  eniph.isis. 
ilipain    uilh  his 
is    the  \isio|| 


ing  that  He  (tiiat  i-.  < 
up  (the  Lord:  omiv.d 
Jesus  will  raise  up  us 
and  present  (us)  with  you. 

the  resurrection  ( cf.  v,  1  1 
.-ilford  to  be  brave.  Iiisiead 
MSJs.  read  Jia  'Iwoe  -.^ : 
throni;li  Jesns).  liut  ffiV  ( 
being  better  attested, 
and  finely  suggests  the 


lie  sp,;!,.., 

I,  who 
111  s,,nii- 
also  with 


lb 


\\  th,i' 
malii  r 
know- 
raised 
.\IS,^  i 
Jesus 


Is  .Ml 

and  l;e 
if  01  •'  • 

\  V 

III),  h.- 
is more  prof' 
/.•//,':,,f//i>  of 


I-  ol 

ran 

■I  line 
,  /  . 

-id.  s 

iimd. 
I'aiil 


in  the  resnrr.  elinn  expenene.- 
before  in  His  "  dying "  (ver.  10;.  Jesus, 


w  ill  [ir.'s,  tit 
iisiialiy  I  11.  rpr 

tlu-    I  llilnni.  llt  -  se.il 

If  tl-..it  be  s,  1.  at 
"s  of  that  pres.  ni 
his    .•iiiiM  ris,    n  it 
tlu-  llloluhl  of 
tion  that  sustains  -in. I  .m 
d.inger  .''lid  p.-rse.-n- 1,  m. 
face  w  ith   de.ilh.     \  ,  rv 
tioiiate  aiv  tlu-  eonebi.liii 
which   are   Ki^en   tlu-  p 
lie  will  be  pns.ntid  in 
beloved   converts ;   ;iiid  tins 
ih.it  hi-.irt.-iis  him. 

15.  ^es:  his  eoiuerts  an-  uppermost  in 
ills  ilion.;lits.  For  all  those  things  th.-it 
I  have  done  and  siitft-refl  (\\  f<  1 1  1  tare) 
for  your  sake.s.  ihat,  m  this  u..rl<l  "life 
in.iy  1.1-  op.  r.ilue  m  tlu  in"  (  ,  ,.r  ,j)  ;„„| 
,  "I  world  to  emiie.  ihev  niav  be 

i" '  "prcenteil       in  partienlar. 

I  that  the  divme  favor,  which  was  mul- 
itiphed  by  being  diffused  among  many 
i  '  111  !•'!•■  //j  r.-),  should  render  the  thanks- 
I  giving  abundant  unto  the  glory  of  God. 
!  I  he  m. -.111111-^  apii.-ars  to  1„-  ih.il  th--  grace 
I  -lowii  to  I'anl.  t!„.„mii  wliieh  his  life  lias 
I  hi  .  n  s|Mn  d  ^  and  his  strength  snst;iiiu-d. 
'  !•:;  -ii^;!!     his     liiinisHv,     dilTiis.-  its 

hl.ssed  and  i|inekininu  (\er  iji  iiilliienre 
o\er  a  w  id.  r  ar.a.  ihn-  nnrtipUini:  i|s,-|f: 
this  .;,•)■,;, ■,-  th.ii  oiii;hi  t"  b.-  - 1 ,1  trfii!'y  ami 
-il  iiiid.intl>  ,„  kii..ul.du.-,!.  and  thiis  (iod 
will    be   gluritied.    There   is   an  obvioua 


ili 

HI 


II  <  ()K1XTHIAXS. 


[Ch.  IV 


K,    l',.r  wliuli  \M'  I'.iint  i1m|  ;  l.iil       i;  (Hir  lii^lit  ;ittliclion.  wlii'  li  Imt 

IIkhihIi  "iir  ..'iiu.ir.l  in.ni  i>.  n-li,  \tt  tlic  I'T  :i  iiioiiuiil,  uiirl-rth  lor  us  a  far  iiioro 
jiiNv;iril  iiu'.H  1'  r.iirwl  .l.iv  li\  .l.i>  ,.\ov.lniu  ,iiiJ  lUii  .''  wviulit  .il  «l"ry: 


w..r.l  plav  (i-l.  \.r  S»  m  nXfof^aaaa, 
TXfioroJi'  (■•  ri'iuUrnl  iii.mit.'l,!  llir..imli  llu- 
oiiiHv  '  I.  and  Ml  xap".  «<'X«P""'"»  ( ;,''>'"•. 
^tiihtuil,  *.  Tluri-  ar.'  xviral  miIut  ways. 
h.i\vr\t  r.  of  i  niisIriMit);  this  iilcin-i-.  ar 
cinliiin  as  we  n«ar.l  (at  »rXtoi.o<Ta(ra  as 
traiiM-n,-   i     n  ,  t  iiiiii;  n'xnpiariaf  ■■/),(.;;.:. 

r  iminlii  r.  in  iii  il  '  ■  ' 
,  ii'i  i;in~. .  i\  f  I.I-  '  w  I  ; 
>\ti'iMiiv;  Tr\tioi\i.'f  las 

i;i,ik.-'\ hil;  -I   i!n    '.^1'  .ilM-  nnnit>iT  "  ; 
\    I      III    TTtfjioatt  ori         Il.lll-l!U>'    I  .Is 
I  ,1-     \      \  .    li  d  'llllli 


I  : 
the 

lliank--:'\  iiii- 
1  II  I    !'"<  .1- 

.'llio 

llu- 


I 


mil. 


a1i..\i  . 
Ill   llh  I.;:-'!: 
•■  111    ..nil  r 
tliriiiii;li  'h,- 
yi.n,  lui 
yiiiir  lll.iIlU- 
jlliiry  yriMlt-r 
n  calls  1   1 1 
tfraiui'  I  viT 
gratitude 


i|  (mdl 


I'm' 

,/  \  I 
..nil  L 
1  \  1 1  m 
al-i. 
lust 


St.ml' y  t'\)il.iiiis. 
(iih1'>    yiHidiir^s,  uliu'li, 
I  V        till'  Kri'-il'T  ' 
•  I  ,tliT  ,'i>  mr,  may  inako 
i.;ri-.iliT.  and  so  (iod's 
"     I  111'  |i;issapf  stn>n«ly 
as  taitll  sluiidd  find  lit 
,  »o  nrac»'  should  elicit 


\isiiin  ,ind  cunratii'-  ,i  coiiram'  l">rii  in 
part  ul  the  xisinit.  Will  iniylit  .i  man.  In- 
lie  prrailur  nr  o'lliT.  dn  In^  umk  Willi 
li  arlr-s  I  iilliii-iasiii  aiitiil  pi  ix  riii  n  in  and 
I  i;i|i,  ..-ill.  Ml.  >yi-^     will-     -h  .lill.l-l  !>■ 

t'lMil  iipiiii  till-  ilay,  ulini  lii-  .iiid  tli..-c 
|..r  uliiiiii  lu'  li.iil  Nin'Ci-^^t'.ilIv  l.ilii.n-d 
U"!iiil  lif  r.ii~iil  .nil!  pu-<iitiil  111  I  lin^t 

A  liiu-  •.itiM-  I't  llic  -piritiial  kiii-liip  snl)- 
-i^Iiiil;  lutu.  n  nun  ul  l.n'li.  lircatlii's 
t!i;iini:Iiinil  llu  para.ur.ipli,  I'anl  looks  liack 
.iiTci"  llu-  iTiitiiriis  and  I'liis  liinisidf  one 
Willi  tin-  psalmist  wlio  had  spoktn,  lifcause 
Ik-  hail  iK-lit-vtd.  lie  i>  one  with  his  coii- 
vt-rts.  and  loiiks  forward  to  the  ^lad  day 
w  hon  ho  will  1>«*  "  prosoiilcd "  with  thim. 
And  ho  is  one  with  Josiis  — ono  in  snffcr- 
iiiR  and  doalli,  and  one  in  the  resurrection- 
life. 


/'/!,■  C,7ii/iiii(f  Hope   I  iv.   i(>-v.  ?) 


What  a  harassed  .-iiul  ti'iiip.snMii-  hlf 
Paul  tmist  li.ivi-  had!     llu    p.irtuipU-  in 
vorsis  S  and  i»  an-  o'ai^inl   with  a  nnil 
titnilf    of    v<  \atioti~    I  \p«TU-iiri  s,    w  liu  li, 
would  ha\>-  drn  i-n  a  stnalU  r  iii.in  ti.  ilr 
spondiiu-y.  it  not  to  ilrspair  (  vi  r  Si  I'.nt 
111  all  tli'inv;-   lu-  i-  nuTi-  lli.in  ci  iiiipuri  t. 
lncaiiM   h..  1^     iii^iii  111-  III  liriin;  s.i'.iin.il 
li>   a  -iiTiu;!li  nut  In-  mMi      llic  iiuI. >niil.i 
lilf  will  whirli  lu  iliiiu  into  In-  ini-Mnnary 
woik,  llu    111. II  I  lu  r,L;>  will;  whu'll  lu-  (irns 
rciilnl  il.  urn   >  Irai  i\   nut  In-  i>\vn  How 
cunlil    -.1    li.iil    ami    -l.  iuK  r   a    ''••il\  ha\r 
ram..!  .  m  .i  w.irtaia-     >  i  iiniriuli 'I's  in  it- 
oun  --iinutir     Till-  piiuii   tli.it  -limr-  so 
triiitiipli.ini  1\   iliriiiiiili  llu-  lioilily  wi-aktu-ss 
is  mil  1,1-, 'liiM   li.i.r-     Tlu-  life  that  Iml- 
d.iiU  iktiaiua    III  iK.illi  I-  the  life  of  .le-''-. 
ili.it   1-  1  \pr> --niy  and  revealinji  itself  in 
liiin 

1  hri a  in  lu-  the  secret  of  his  pow  er - 
ill  his  eoii-iionsni-ss  of  nnion  with  (ffi'  i 
Jesiis  ■    us    /''■'    -.K  ilh    y.-.\'ii.« tli.it    is  Ills 
iiioito  (\(-r    i.jt.    IK-  MitTers  not  only  fur 

Jeslls'  -.■ike  (\tr  II),  lint  .IS  Ji-siis  siitTeml 
"(  Vi-r  toi  :  anil  a--  lu-  -hare-  Hi-  -n'Ti  rinu. 
so  will  he  ,iK'i  -Ii.ite  111-  resinrrilion  It 
i-  upon  (In-  -.J H  i.  Ill-  liiipr.  i-r  r  all:,  r  err 
taintv  ui'iWth,  \ir  l^i  tli.il  1.  -n-'am- 
In-  'liar.i--ei|  >;l  I  lu  lil.  ..I  l.  -n-  i- 
indied  111  linii.  Lilt  tin  r. -in  netinii  i-  la- 
fore  him     Ills   faith  K'^i'*  1''"' 


,ipii-tle'-    iii\  ilU'ililf 
pi. 1111  : 


rile  -.lerrt  of  llu- 
eiiiir.it;e  lie  ii.i-  .ilrea<!>  iiKule  pi. nil  :  lie  is 
-ll-I.lllUil  li\  tile  hie  if  jesus  wllull  is 
daily  ni.iiiili-sliiii;  it-elf  in  liiiii.  amid  we.ik 
lies-  .md  ili-tre--.  .iiul  lie  i-  sii-i.nneil  hy 
the  -lire  hope  o|  the  r< -n rn  e;  u  .:i  I  lu- 
lu ipe  he  now  priK'.eil-  In  illii-trale  mure 
tally 

16.  On  this  account,  snsi.niud  as  v.f 
are  li>   llu-  hie  nt  J. -n-.  .■in.l  hy  the  hope 

•  f  re-iirreeii. 111.  we  show  no  weakness. 
1-1  If  a  simil.ir  claim  and  a  similar  reason, 
ef.  ver  1.  Ilii\\  eoiild  one  who  was  in 
p.Ksessioii  of  -ueh  a  ministry  (ver.  I)  and 
-uoh  a  hope,  play  the  coward?  But, 
though,  as  a  matter  of  fact  (indie.)  our 
outward  man  —  the  frail,  mortal  hody, 
which,  ihoiivh  siistaiiu-d  hy  the  life  of 
Ji-siis.  IS  iie\ i  rtlieles-.  on  the  w.iy  to  death 
( vv.  S-i  1  )  -is  being  i;radiially  destroyed, 
nevertheless  our  inward  man  i  hi-  moral 
•iiul  spiritual  personality  I  is  being  re- 
newed dajr  and  day.  r.vi-ry  niornniK  I'.inl 
i.el-  .1  lii  u  a.ir--uiii  lit  -ireiinth  antl  joy, 
a-  lie  t.u  i  -  .ilia  -li  the  work  ( iod  had  Riven 
him  til  ill  I  111-  spirit  knew  no  weakness 
i.r  ueariiH--  ii  i-  nut  «nhiect  to  the  law 
I  I  ili  c.iv  and  ile.'itli 

17.  \  erse  1-  ^Imw-  u  hat  l';inl  means 
liy  •       d.nlv  reiu  w.al  of  tlu-  inward  tti:in. 

For  the  lightness  of  our  affliction,  which 
is  for  the  moment,  tli.it  1-.  wliuli  l,i-ts 
nnh    til'    ill. nil    I.r    llu-   eiinnu;    nt'  ('liiisf, 

is  working  out  for  us,  more  and  more 


Ch.  IV] 


II  COHIXTHIANS. 


151 


i8   While  we  look  not  at  the  thinKs 
which  ;ir(-  ■m  <  ii.  Inn  ,it  llio  tliiiifZs  which  art' 
lidl  M(  II    l"i  tin-  liiiin;^  which  arc  svcii 
temporal ;  hut  the  things  w  hich  are  not 
seen  arc  eternal. 


CllAl'THK  5. 

I  For  we  kiii>w  that,  if  otir  earthly 
,  hoiix-  of  /.'i;.v  tal"  rii.ii  le  wi  re  ilis.,.)K <  il,  v\e 
iliave  a  litiiMinn  i.f  (hhI.  a  huu-e  iu)t  made 
I  with  haniN,  eUriial  in  the  luaxens 


exceedingly,  an  eternal  weiglit  oi  f.\oTy 

(i-f.  kuni.  viii.  iXt.  The  nlory  i> 
flishcii  hy  the  sufferinn  —  iis  natural  fruit. 
The  phrase  ^n**'  v»€(>(3o\i>i'  tit  i'wtppoXrii/ 
( lit.  "  in  exceeding  tneaxire  and  unt"  an 
eNceediuK  i.^Kne  "*  inu>t  no  with  tiu-  verh, 
as  it  cannot  go  with  thi-  noun  ( >o  .\.  \'. ) 
nor  yet  with  the  adjective:  that  which  is 
I'lt'rnal  cannot  In-  ni'  ic  «o.  Tin-  aflhction 
is  real  --o  real,  .1-  m-  liave  mcii,  tii.ii  it 
is  (jrailually  killing  I'aiil  ivir.  101.  Imt  to 
eyes  tixed  upon  the  (jlory.  it  i>  /,.,/;/  It 
the  one  were  wei'..;heil  ayaiiisl  llu  otlier, 
the  nI'  Ty  uoiiid  Ik  lieyond  all  ci  iiiiKirison. 
the  hea\ier  -tliere  is  a  vi  ry  ,>,  ;.,/;.•  .p| 
nlory,  .\!;.iui,  in  iliu.itiMii.  m  u,i-h', 
lliere  i-  110  eoiii|Mrisoii  .  ilie  ;itili.  i;..n  will 
la^l  oTilv  nil  ile.iMi  iif  _|e-'i-  ecini,-.  the 
fl\'>r\  uiil  la^i  inr  e\  er  I  lie  i;I.ry  is 
more  lliaii  moral  .iiiil  spiriiH.il.  n  a'l 
the  i.;!ory  of  llie  lu-w  ;ii;e  winch  is  nsli.ii.l 
ill  uiili  llu-  coiiiiiii;  of  C'lirist. 

18,  It  is  those  wlio  h.ive  fxrs 
{akowoifTiaif)  for  the  unseen  nlones.  ili.it 
e.vperience  the  daily  renew.il  (\ir.  I'li. 
The  passing  atiliction  works  oni  the  eternal 
Klory,  because  we  look  not  at  the  things 
which  are  seen,  but  at  the  things  which 
are  not  seen;  for  the  things  which  are 
seen  are  but  for  •  season  —  icmfoidiv 
rather  than  temporal  —  but  the  things 
which  are  not  seen  are  eternal.  I  he 
phr.ise  "the  things  which  are  -ten"  is 
ca|ialik'  i>f  a  lar^;e  itilerpretation.  nor 
\\oiil<l  ihis  iiiterprel.ilion  he  illeuit niiale : 
hni  its  nintiedi.iie  applicatnin  is  t,,  ihe 
tlh  tiiill  (\er.  171  anil  sinV,  rmi's  \\li;,  li  e.mie 
upon  Paul  ni  llii'  iliscliari^e  ot  liis  , A.mmeiic 
ministry  lie  does  n,,t  i'i\  In,  e\<s  upon 
these  tliinus;  he  looks  llti:'ii^li  {]\vn\  to 
i!:e  '.^lory  lieyond.  They  ;ire  li'iii  l^fiiiiy  : 
tlie\  ui'l  C(  .1 -e  .It  (le.illi,  or  perhaps  evfii 
lu'lore  ihaih,  it  ("Iin-l.  uliMm  e\- 
pi  ctinc.  slionld  coiite  Tlie  "  lliniLis  winch 
are  not  se  'ii '"  are  liis  iiim,  his  ko.i1 
(akOTo^)      Perhaps  ihis  plir.is,   i,  n.it  |,,  )„. 

interpreteil    in    t  e\er<l\     spnini.,;  ,1 

sense.  As  j',eiiL:el  h.is  p.  niteil  oin.  r.inl 
(lots    Pol  "lile    MUlsiiiK-    liiniuis";  ,inii 

his  nu  amiiK  in.i\  he.  "  the  ihincs  which 
are  no(  y,-i  seen  "  - the  as  w  t  niiseeii 
jjlnrii  s  of  ilie  «orIi|  to  come.  ti|Min  uliicli 
one  (Lay  the  will  rest  with  ipiiei  lov 
V.  I,    I'anl  has  just  spoken   (  iv    171  of 


the 


.in<l  >  I 
this  l: 
.<  th.it 
will  he 


I 


,  ,l  - 

oVVll 

..1>      h,  1: 

lie  e.irlhl 
t.lkell  il 


t< 


\vhicli  I- 
r-  e.iilliK  .it 
a-    n..    .l.aila  ; 

>  ho.K  which, 
'Wll  .it  ileatll. 
ripl.ictil  whether  then  I'r  ,it  the 
of  (  hrisi  -  jiy  another,  a  he.iveiily 


rn.il 
i'c  tilt  is-iie 
tlictioii.  Of 
for  he  /.;;.■.-, 
like  ;i  tent. 

will  III 

coniiiit! 

ho.lv    For  we  know  that  if  our  earthly 

tent-house  be  broken  up,  .is  it  will  l>e 
h>  .1.,mIi.  we  have  not  nureU  a  tent  Imt 
a  building  from  Cod-  lie  is  its  vmrce 
I i  anil  cre.it  r  -  a  house  not  made  with 
hands  iih.it  is,  snpeniaiurat  t,  eternal  inn 
like  the  temporary  lent  I,  in  the  heavens. 
Ihe  cnip.irison  f.innliar  to  I'y  tlianorean 
ical  '-opin  ,,|  til,,  i.iiiliiy  |„„|\  to  .1  irnt, 
U"i.|,|  |,e  peciih.irly  n.ihi'a'  to  one  who 
li  i'l  iam-i  lt  hei  n  .1  leiil  iimk'  r  (  Ac's  wiji. 
.V  Ihe  i.irtl'ly  hotl\  ,h.iie,  llu  fi.iill) 
.an. I  t.  ni|H  >ra!  nc-s  ot  ilu-  the  lu  a\ ,  niv 

h  mIv    p.irl.ikis    ..|     ihe    st.,|,ilil>     .111.1  pel 
iii.iia  iice   of  .1    l  it  ',hii,:.  I  speci.iliy   .1-    it  |s 
a    liinMiii'.;    wlio~e    nl.ll^er    is  i,,,,] 
coiitr.ist  recalls  ih.n   |,e;wriii  tiie  tent  .iml 
the  citv    111   llehreus   \i    i).    10      |  1|, 
t'l  wliich  I'. ml  looks  |orv\.ii.|       n  a  I'.-.uen 
Itself.    It    Is   III   hea\en:    it    is    til.    Ih  .iwlily 
ho.ly    lu't    oidi/i'   with    Ihiiiils     Ihe  s.ime 
epithet  c.'tild  aNo  he  fairly  applied  to  the 
n.itiiral  hody,  and  this  to.i  is  from  (iod 
(1  Cor.  xii.  .'4  »  :  hut  the  resurrect  i.>i)  hody 
is  divine  in  a  sjucial  seiisf  (  cf   1  Cor  xv. 
,V*<|.  and  the  epithet  here  is  s.iniethitiK  like 
I'ur  ■'siipern.itnr.il"     Ihis  1m..|\   is  i-litiiiil. 
till-  t'tlt  lioily  itp.'ii  til,-  ,-,iil!i   tiiriyttox.  nut 
■  made  of  e.irth")    is  iraiisieiit.  dissolved 
at   death.    Jlou   h,is  Paul   ihi-  ilitiiiiti'  ,is 
siir.ince  ( ofS.u.ci',  cf  n    141  ..f  tli.  he.iveiily 
hodv?    If.  Ill  spit..  .,t  Ihe  jilnr.i!  miniher. 
he  IS  spcakiin-  nu  rely  t"or  liinisi  If.  !ns  ;is 
siiraiice  may   he  .1  u'lft  of  ili.    spun  (ef. 
v.r.  51.  It  is  .111  inu.ird  .•■  rtamtv     If.  h.iw- 


.  \ .  r.    'ai'    woi  ii- 
im.  rpre'ed  i.'.  iii  r.il 
sii),;^;.  s| 1,,.  1;,]^,  ,, 

I  teacliinus  and  1 1. 

1  ;iinl  Ills  r.  .i.l.Ts. 
lis.  1  11..  I  .ih.  r 
S..111S  ihi-  iiiiin- 
.^im|ili-  .is  ih, 


know 

ll:  \  111 

n  '..  n  I.  r  t 
•  liti^  .lis.  u  ,  II  Kn 
leil  n.i  Ion_-.  I 
iiiti  i  Maa.il !.  111. 
namrai   1  cl    ■  . 
w.irds  ..f  thi- 


ll,IV  e  t.i  he 

,  ,1-  li..ii--.t 
.ipocal;,  1 '!  1. 
ri.  'w  ,1  'o  him 
r  kti.'An  to 
I.  Ilowevii, 
(  ' 

<  r-e  are. 


Its  pr.cis 
I.  rmin.' 

tmctly  coiiti'mpl.at. 
own  ile.Tth  hefnre 


•  nie.inim;  is  v.'rv  ditVunlt  to 
( )ne  iliinu  is  .-.  ri.iiii      I' ml  .lis 

till'    p..ssil,-|;l  .    ..|    111  , 
the   Coimim   1. 1    (  hr'si. 


1  j1  ,ic\Vi^»t^^So*^'  ^A.ttfs 


152 


II  CORINTHIANS. 


[Ch.  V 


J  1  (,r  ill  ilii«  \v>'  Kroaii.  larnisily  desir- 
iiiK  tM  Ih  upon  with  our  house 

wliiili  i-  ir'Mii  ln.iMii: 


3  If  so  be  that  being  clothed  we  shall 
not  be  found  naked. 


Hp  lonK>  iniKid  t"  In-  amon^'  tliosc  who 
will  nol  <1k-  l.iit  l)o  clianni<l  i  i  I 

;i  »  •  l.iit  nrriit  oxihthiioi-  li.i-  lir.>iiKlit  liiin 
M,  to  .l^:itli   i->  Cor    1  t'.at  lie 

fe^K    tlKit    111-    ••daily    <l>lu  >i  aiui-  unto 
death  for  Ir-u-'  -ak.^ "  ( iv.  ill  may  wrll 
issui-  in   .l.alh    il~.lt.    it   -o.   wliat  tli-u 
lli•^  an-vsir  i-  tliat.  Mi^tiail  ..1  ilu-  lalloi. 
tint.  \vf  lia\i-      anil  «<•  .ire  -luc  ot  il  — a 
diviiK-  li.m-.-.  tliat  i~,  a  .■.K-iial,  su,K-rnal 
ural  1"..1\.    \Mia'   'l'"~   l'^^'  ""■•>"  ''> 
/,,,  ,  it  -  •'    I 'or-  li<  nu  aii;  we  have  it  now, 
it  'is  .,urs  alii  aiK.  l.i-a  up  for  us  "  m  the 
luavcii-  -'  "    Aii'l  11  •"■e  «»•  *" 

cini-  Ilu-  r.lation  of  this  l)o<ly 
.aitlilv  lio.lv?  would  there  be  any  strut 
and  iuii--arv  r.lation  at  all.  as,  c.K-  he- 
tw.en  tin-  M.d  and  ttie  uram  (l  dr.  xv^ 
\i<)?  Ot  i\<<i-  the  apostle  nuan  ar  sli.ill 
lunr  a  heavenly  body,  nsinn  the  present 
tei'se  (lxoM«»'t  to  indicate  the  vi\i<ln.-- 
with  whieh  he  r.  ali/os  it'  An.!  n  h"' 
means  "ue  ,</■,;//  ha\.-.-  i^  that  l-dv  !j> 
be  K'iveii  luiiiuihal.lv  at  <K:nh.  >>r  ii-l  till 
the  eoniiii!;  oi  t  liri-l .' 

Soiiu-  -ihoi.ir-  pr.lVr  to  h.lu  ve  tlial  lhi~ 
hodv  i-  «i\.  n  ai  d.alli  -  the  li.iil  lenl- 
ImxI'v.  .11  It-  .h--"h:Iioii.  hnnir  inManll>  r.' 
plai'.d  hv  llir  ,li\m.-  .  trni.il  h'l.ly  ,  in  ih.il 
c;i-e.  llii-  'I'.hI  (  hii-lKin  iiu.  i-  at  .'lue 
and'fulK  r.imppxl  npon  lii-  luav.'iily  hie. 
A  «eneral  n  -nrr.'i  lion  aivf  i iidi;iiu  iil  wonhl. 
from  thi-  jM'inl  of  vu  w.  !>.■  sniu  rllnon.. ; 
tlie  soul'-  (K-iiuy  ha-  alri.idy  he.u  finally 
determined,  an.l  it  hi-  .iil.ied  upon  it- 
nt'W  life  in  it-  .ipiiro))!  lal.  .■.  K-ti.il  liody. 
We  lia\.'  linllur  lo  i.uu'mlH-r  that  the 
thoimhi  uhhh  I'aul  i-  lure  expre— iilK  is 
a  r,.n-ol.iiMrv  tlionnht.  and  any  po-tpone- 
nuiii  h.  \onii'  (U-.iili  of  the  investiture  with 
tlie  h..ivnlv  hody.  would  proportionally 
seem  to  .ii|>ri\e  iiis  thought  of  its  eonsola 
tioii.  M  the  same  time,  attractive  a-  i- 
the  idea  tliat  the  new  body  in-tautly  rr- 
plaees  the  old  I'lie  at  death,  that  is  probahly 
not  Paiirs  nie.iniiin.  Mis  words  must  he 
compatible  with  the  n.iural  resnrreetion 
ami  the  judnment.  K-tli  of  which  h.ipjH'n 
to  be  mentioned  in  the  immediate  context, 
the  former  in  iv.  tJ,  the  latter  in  ver.  to. 
.■\>;  tlie-e  tact-,  .specially  perhajis  the  for 
mer.  would  I..'  d.  pl.  ted  <')f  their  meaninj;.  if 
the  he;ivenl\  h.  .d\  wi-r.'  t;i\.'n  iniiiieiliatcly 
after  d.  .nh!  ii  -rem-  ni-rr  r.  .i-onah!.'  to 
!(ti|ipo-e  tlial  that  h'  dy  i-  r<  i;.ird.-d  a-  lu'- 
inp  Kiven  at  the  cominir  of  I'hn-i  In  tli.it 
case,  between  death  ami  His  cotnitiK.  tlie 


heluA.r  would  he  in  a  ImuHI.--  state,  the 
(.irthly  holly  having  peri-lkii  .iiid  ihp 
he.ivenly  li;i\  iiiK  not  yet  Ircii  conferred. 
I  he  apii-iK.  however,  di.l  not  regard  this 
-tate  a-  coiniortle-s,  .>r  contemplate  it 
wiiii  a  -luidder.  Far  from  it;  for  in  it 
lie  coiil.l  he  at  home  with  Christ  (ver.  8), 
in  an  even  more  real  sense  than  he  could 
he  in  the  body,  real  as  was  to  him  the 
presence  of  Christ  in  the  body  (iv.  to,  ii). 
Kven  Drath  shall  not  be  able  to  separate 
us  from  the  love  of  (iod,  which  i-  in  Cliiist 
Jesus  onr  Lord"  (Rom.  \iii.  ,?f<f.  i.  Ihe 
-l.iyt  <  may  then  he  conceived  a-  foljowi. 
When  the  believer  die-,  he  dep.irt'^  to  he 
with  Christ  (cf.  I'hil.  i.  J3)  ;  when  Ciirist 
conies  again,  he  is  clothed  with  his  celestial 
Ixidy. 

2,  3.  r.anl  is  -lire  of  reCei\iii,L;  "he 
he.iveiilv  hociy.  therefore  .ill  the  more  does 
he  .vic'i  /'■"...■'".i;   f"r  it.     l'>e-t  I'f  .ill 

will  It  he.  if  ilu-  Lord  conn--  wliile  he  is 
\et    ,-ch\e.    so   tliat    lu-   will    he   -.ii.ireil  the 
iiv.u)    nee-,--it>    of    iImiik.    "t    ha\nin  tlie 
■  ti  til  "  t.iU' II  douii.  ;nul  llni-  the  iipni'irlal 
will  hi-    pill,  like  a  rohe  a-  it  wer.-. 
( (K(f5i  <Ta<Tf*ai )  his  niort.'d  In -dy.     (  No- 
lue  the  change  of  met.iplior  from  a  house 
a  ^.irmeni.)     To  those  who  die,  a  body 
will  he  given,  but   those  who  are  alive 
when  lie  comes  will  be  changed  (l  Cor. 
XV.  51).  that  which  is  mortal  being  sual- 
l«7k,-d  up  by  the  immortal  which,  as  it  were, 
descends  upon  it  (ver.  4):  and  this  is  the 
happier    consummaiiiin    for    which  Paul 
longs.   For  indeed  on  this  account  —  p<is- 
-.---iiiv;.  as  we  do,  so  bright  and  sure  a 
hiipe,  cf.  ver.  I  (this  is  better  han  to  inter- 
pret  t'*"   Toi'-Tw   as   "in    this    .atiernacle " : 
aa^fot,    would    be    .111    awkward    word  to 
sup])Iy.  a-  it  is  altoi;ither  -i-lionhnate  in 
ver    1;  ,ind  there  is  no  otlur  vvonl  with 
which    Toi-Tuj    can    go  1 — we    sigh  (lit. 
:,■>. .,;!()  longing  .1-  we  do  to  put  on  our 
habitation  which  is  from  heaven  over 
i'TT)  M,ir  nion;iI  ho, lie-;,  seeing  that,  when 
we  have  put  it  on,  we  shall  not  be  found 
naked  (that  i-.  wnlu'iit  a  hody,  1  Cur.  \\ 
.tri.    If  Chri-t  should  come  h.-fore  Paul's 
de.itli.  he  will  have  no  iiak-cd.  boililess  con- 
dition   to    niu!eri;o.    .-is.    a-.Cor-ling    to  the 
ari;iiiiunl  of  v.-r.  I   (which  see^  he  other- 
ui-e   woulil    Tin-    \ari;uit    readings  ttirtp 
.•iiiil   »;*)f,    .•mil    -nil    more   tySiaififfot  ;in(| 
tnHiadfiftoi    (•'h.iviiig    put    I'ff,"    II'.  the 
earthly   hodyl    .iti.-t    the   ditliciilty  which 
from  the  lu-ginmiig  was  felt  to  inhere  in 
these  verses. 


Ch.  V] 


II  CORINTHIANS. 


153 


4    For  we  that  arc  in  fhis  tabeniaclc  do  silfsanie  tliuiR     (.o.l,  «I,o  also  haili  nivcn 

6  Iheri-fnrt-  ;,.  ur.'  alw.us  i. mtiil.-nt. 
knowinR  that,  whilst  wc  arc  at'  home  in  the 
iKMly,  we  are  ah-ient  from  the  Lord: 

7  (For  we  walk  by  faith,  not  lo-  sinht : ) 


wotiUI  1(c  iinclotlud,  1)111  iloilii'd  ii|M>ii,  that 
mortality  might  he  .swallowed  up  of  life. 
5    Now  he  that  hath  wrought  us  for  the 


4.  Indeed  we  who  are  in  the  tent  ..f 
the  "arthly  liudy  sigh,  burdened  as  we 
are  with  our  desire  —  not  to  put  it  off 

but  to  put  till'  luavi-uly  i)ody  on  over  it, 
in  order  that  that  which  is  morul  might 
be  swallowed  up  by  the  (Tij»)  immortal 
life.  His  dt  ~ire  is  imt  smipK  to  dif  :  to  put 
the  earthly  Imdy  ot'f  will  \n-  tliv  liinlu-st 
plt-nsiire  i>iily  if  tin-  lii;i\ inly  body  lio  ;ii 
.'III-,-  pill  ,1);  (»>«».)  It,— 'if  tin-  niori.il 

111-  (j/'.v.M /'(■(/.  ;is  it  wire,  tliroiiKli  its  itivi'sti 
lun  uitli  ilu-  luavtiily  liody.  //i,-  /i,',-.  .mil 
tlii^  iluiii^i-  is  possiMc  imly  to  those  who 
,in  ,ili\c  at  the  coming  of' Christ  (1  Cor. 
XV  511. 

5.  ulKit  i-  tlio  KiMr^inlfi-  tlu-c 
spKn.lnl    lii.;.(~?    Till-    di-i'p    loiijiini;  t,,, 
tlu'iii — arna^o^iti-  (  wi'  Kruaiil  mi-iirs  tui.  c 
--may    po«,ilull\    viiyyrsi.   |,iil    it  iann..i 
:ili-o|iiti-l_v   pr..\,'   iluir   nil  1111. ilc  tiiltiliiuiit 
Tlii-ir  ^jiiarantii',  linuivi-r.  i^  11. .  nilur  ..ii'l 
110  ii-ss  than  (iod  Himself  (••»«.  at  , 
cmphaiii- 1.    Now  He  who  wrought  us  for 
this  very  thing,  tliis  iinvsiitnri-  with  the 
hfaveiil.\    hi]il\,  is  God.  and  wc  mav  h. 
confident  (ver.  (n  that  the  divine  pui-pi.^e  ^ 
will  not  he  Irtistrated:  the  future  is  ma.le  ! 
II Main  hy  the  pledKO  of  it  wiiioh  we  aireadv 
pii-M--  and  enjoy  in  the  spirit.    He  is  the 
(iod  who  gave  us  the  pledge  which  con- 
sists in  the  spirit  (cf.  1.  22). 


I'rt'scnl  or  Absent.   ll'cll-j'U-asinn   to  Ilu- 
Lord  (6-10), 


'!lr 

(1. 


the 

r  I. 

pur 


<  hu-  c  .(■  tile      iiiiinaiit  11.  'ft  ~  .if 
^<  i"(i''ii  liad  In  ell  si^hiiii^    I  \ .  J, 
k<>    Hole   of   tlii^    is    iMio,;:,-,'  (\v 
I'n-ssed  as  I'aiil  ua-  on  e\rrv  ^i 

I'd.  and  Mliitten  il>\\u  in.  H.  -jl.  he 
u.inid  I.iiiir  iiii.|H  :iU.iM\  |,,r  the  eleinal 
W  i  iiiht  of^  i;|or\  :  hilt  th.-  p.  ix-ihiiilv  i>;  hi> 
dyiiii;  liel'ore  (  hn-t  came,  ihrnmli  it  did 
not  make  that  pri>~pret  any  K-^  certain, 
pushed  it  fiirlher  aw.iy.  and  rai-ed  for  him 
a  new  prolilem  as  to  what  would  hecome 
of  him  and  where  he  wonM  he  Ixtweeii 
death  and  the  resurrection?  Where  art 
those  who  have  "fallen  asleep?""  (if  1 
Thes.  iv.  14.  1  Cor.  xi.  ,VJ,  xv,  si).  It  is 
this  situation  that  Paul  l()ok .  /'r,if,/v  in 
the  face,  as  he  remembers  that  even  death 


lannot  s,|,arale  him  fr.^iii  tlie  line  of  (iod 
in  (.  Iin-i,  and  thai  to  die,  |o  he  ahvent 
frmii  th.'  Ii...|>.  is  I,,  he  ,il  h.'iiie  with  Cliiisl 
I  he  ahriipiiii  ss  of  the  dreek  in  w.  (>.  ;. 
and  the  d.nihle  a-sertum  ..f  liis  ...iiiiileiHi- 

(«afipOiyTtt,  Wappoi'Mfi')  show  llo\v  deepK 
moved  was  the  soul  of  Paul  a-  lie  f,i..'.| 
the  iMissihdity  of  his  death,  .ind  with  wii.it 
triumphant  oonfidence  he  was  prepared  to 
meet  it. 

6,  7.  Being,  then,  couragcoiu  (if. 
.\its  xxm,  II )  at  all  times,  as  heiame  one 

whose  soul  was  snsiaiiud  hy  so  nl'Tiolis  a 

prospeet.  and  knowing  that,  so  long  as 
we  are  at  home  in  the  body,  we  are 

away  from  ..tir  li..ine  in  the  Lord  —  an 

uitiraiu'e  oh\'.iiis|\  11. ,t  t..  he  taken  t.'.i 
stra-lly.  I'anph at  le.ill)  I'.ml  Iia-  .ilrea.K 
-''"'•  "r  at  hast  iinph.ii.  ih.tt  the  life  of 
risen  I. -  Is  uas  h>        d.iily  manifested 


ih 

111  Ins  .  .u  11   ii  I,'    I  IV    10.    I  I  I  : 
ol  Jesiis  nnisi  ha\     I  .  en  n  > 
.•ind  I'oiitina.  .lis  r.-ahtv.     In  ■! 
tore    lis,    li.  lu  I  \  I  r.    ih.  r . 
s..iiU'thiiiir   of    the    (.r..k  n 
hi.ily    lettv'rs    the    s|iiin  ;  it 

ditt'ereiii  .ii-.|.  r  of  hi  111',;  ;"i. .?  , 

l  "i  il.  .ilicl  |..  he  in        is.   ;.|       s,  :|. 

.iu.i>  iri.tii  llini;  for  it  is  through 
of  faith  that  we  walk  h,  1.  1,1 


the  presetu-e 
liiin  a  i;reat 
'    passage  he- 

"  .Us     |,,  he 

II   tiiat  ihe 

'.iiill^S      to  .1 

1  til.-  I'X.lIteil 
t.i  he 
realm 
.  not 


through  a  realm  of  ,utii.d  appearance. 

Ilu-  Klory  (IV.  17),  and  espeeiallv  the 
«lorious  /.,.;(/  we  do  not  here  see  I'aee  to 
f.iee.  We  trust  them,  we  hrli,-:,'  in  them 
we  are  sure  of  them  <  iv.  141. 
hilt  wc  d..  not  .i.  tu.illv  se.'  them,  iior  shali 
ue  niilil,  aft.r  ih-.iih.  we  eiii.r  that  other 
order  of  hems,'  t.i  whieli  they  belong  So 
lure,  in  a  s-.-iise,  we  must  In 
hi'   |iil;;i  ill's  and   straiiL'rrs  :  t. 

is  t,,  h.'  aw  ,i\    fr.  .111  the 
as   II-.  II, ,t  it.  i,  the  s,.iil\  tr. 

Ill  till'  jir.  .|.  it 
nil   ulien  h.- 
-.1;.  ;h.  r.  in  I 
I  ■iithlriii  !■  of 


aU 


heli.ver   is  . 
at   li.'ine   with  1 
h."l.\      I'.iil    pr.  1 
soh.tioii  and  ihi 
then  he  is  at  home  with  the 
h'vf'Te  tll.lt  Lord"-  riiiai 
he   li.is    heeil  iii\a-t.d 


content  to 
he  in  the 
lurd;  and 

'  ll.illle.  th. 
II. h-!  «eti-e 
las  h  ft  the 
■s    th<  con- 

I'.inl  —  that 
Lord,  e\eii 

.■••mini,;,  .m.i  hef.ire 
uitli    llie  he.i\enl\ 


h.  dy  So,  with  the  presence  of  Christ  as- 
sured ti)  the  apostle,  death  has  lost  its  terror 


and  its  chill. 


154 


II  CORIXTHIAX8. 


[Ch.  V 


8  \\V  aro  confitlfiil,  /  stiy,  am!  wiltiiii?  ii»  For  we  must  .'til  appvar  before  the 
ratluT  ii>  lie  ah-ciit  I'roni  the  hocly,  and  I"  iiidKincnt  scat  of  Clirist ;  that  every  one 
In-  pri  »ciii  with  till'  l.oril.  may  reciive  llu'  llm       i/iw/,-  m  his  iMxIy, 

I)    WluTi'fort'  \\r  lalHiiir,  that,  wlietlu  r  I  afcordinn  tn  tl'at  he  hath  dune,  whether  it 
|in-ient  or  .•ili--ent,  we  may  he  acce|>led  nf        i;<hhI  or  b;id. 
iiim.  I 


8.  q.  Yes,  we  are  courageous  and  well 
pleased,  in  spiii'  ni  the  n.iiiu.il  "liriii'MMK 
friiiii  the  h<Hhlr>-  oimdiliciii  whiili  -iipt-r- 
M'liis  iipMii  di;iih,  rather  to  be  away  from 
our  home  in  the  body  and  at  home  with 
(vfwt,  in  relation  to)  the  Lord.  I  hoiiKh 
the  ap<i>tlf  >iKhs  ( vv.  2-4)  lor  the  swift 
and  painK-ss  transformation  whicli  wi)nl«I 
he  Ins,  uire  tin-  Lord  to  ounc  stiddi-nlv 
lufore  111'  died,  lir  is  alili'  lo  i-onlitnpl.itc 
lii^  il>  .illi  with  calin  ainl  l«  .ii|i  >^  1  .miIi.Ii  iht. 
luHMiist'  it  will  only  Iiimil;  Imii  \\\'<"  i-l">rr 
fill.ivv^hip  wiih  Cliri-i  Wherefore  also, 
sol,nced  and  strenittlu m  i|  !i\  llii  prc^pi'i  l 
of  litintr  at  Imnu'  uiili  llini,  it  is  our 
ambition,  whether  present  in  or  absent 
from  our  home  in  ilu'  linily,  to  be  well- 
pleasing  to  Him.  I  lit-  tluiimht  ilu- 
I. (.I'll.  ml. I  ulii'^f  luariT  fill<'U'lnp  <Katli 
will  liiiuj,"  11^,  oU'^liI  t'l  In"  iiMi  .'Illy  :i  I'cn- 
scilaii'iii.  lull  an  ni^pir.'itiiin  .iml  .1  -tviiulu-. 
li>  iinl>  With  tlia;  l\'ll.iu -hip  in  \  11  \\ ,  .ill 
lili  will  In'  iirihrccl  a-'  i"  In-  ,\  ri7- /■/!■. ja- 
!•>  lluii  \'\\\~.  i>  llir  -iipii  ini-  iiiii'  Ji.'ii 
ol  .ill  uli"  ln  liiM  in  I  lull :  .iihI  iIk-  inipli- 
citi.^n  is  that,  il  will  he  pii^--ihU'  mi  to 
pli  aM-  Ilini  iM  ii  .ilti  r  di  atli  I  wlu'n  we 
are  ■■  ahsi-nt  "  from  the  hody). 

10.  The  amhition  to  had  a  life  that 
Will  he  wi'll-pleasinK  to  Christ  is  strcniith- 
ened,  if  it  needs  any  strenijthi'iiinK,  hy  the 
solemn  thotiKlit  nf  His  iiulijniint  seat,  lie- 
fore  which  \vi'  sh.nll  iiltini;;lilv  have  to 
staiul.    //  i//-/-/,  I  lull,  for  we  must, 

all  I'l  n~.  be  revealed  m  unr  tiiu  i  ll  ir- 
aitiT  before  the  judgment-seat  of  Christ, 
in  order  that  each  mdiMdnal  ni.iii  may 
receive    ix.ui    mp-'-I  ths  things 

(done)  through  ilu  ;iiiilmni  .ii  1 '5'"  >  the 
body,  according  to  what  he  did  (tV*J"4f>', 
a<ii!M)  whrii  111-  was  alivi'.  whether  good 
or  bad.  Il  is  iii^t  -nnply  th.it  w  r  --hall 
h.ive  t>>  (i/'/'i-i/r  I  \  \'  1  iu  foro  thi-  jnili; 
llH'i!  sral,  liiit  u  ■  -hall  llu  ic  hi-  ii;,i//!.'.-.v7i'(/ 
('.'ini'fpi.;('7;i-ni ),  shown  in  onr  r-^onti.il  cli.'ir- 
aotrr,  stripped  of  all  acoidont  ;ind  di^- 
uuix':  what  we  are  will,  in  that  aiinnst 
nM.nuiir.  he  r.n>\r  r.-'.i;.;.  and  eaeh  man  of 
IK  (iaaaTot)  will  iMrry  ofF  ( nofilariTai)  liiv 
e\ael  (  Tpos  1  .!<  N(  t  tv  I  h,.  i ii(|'.:nient  w  il! 
lie  ,1  >r:;  l,ili,<n  W  e  are  ''nd.'cd  v.aved  liy 
failh.  \<t  the  piineipK'  of  iilrihiilifni  i-  not 
ml!:'  of.  aii<l  llu  ileed-  .lone  in  ihi- 
world  by  the  agency  of  (5id)  the  body. 


will  reeiiM-  i  \.iel  eoinpen-.tlion  hii'.ire  th.it 
.meat  tnliiin.il  In  Koiii.  \i\.  10  "  \m-  -li.ill 
all  >tand  hefore  tin-  iiiilf^iiKiit  -.eat  <•/  (/  '(/." 
rile  e.i^y  snii'-titiil  1011  of  Llu  1st  here  (also 
fomul  in  some  mfirior  M.SS.  in  Kom. ) 
fur  liod  ill  Romans,  shows  the  tiniipii'  and 
diriiw  authority  with  which,  for  I'aul, 
Christ  was  invested.  Ihe  expression  is 
"  taken  from  the  irihimal  <vf  the  Roman 
ni,iL;isir.ite  as  the  most  ;iiintist  representa- 
tion ■  I  nistiee  \\h:e!i  the  worlil  tlii'il  ex- 
hihr. 'I,  Ihe  ■  Keiu.i  '  was  a  lofty  seat, 
r.iisid  tin  eleiaii.l  pl.itturm,  Usually  at 
the  end  of  the  I'.  imIu.c,  -o  tha'  the  tiRiire 
.of  the  nr.i-l   h-i\i    heer   si  en  liiv.er- 

iiii;  ,ilio\.    i!!e  er.n\.I   uhu'li  ;aioncei|  thi* 
I  loni;  ii,i\e  oi'  thi   hii:Mi.iL;     So  >.i,  reil  .iiid 
j  solemn  did  til  -  seal  .appear  111  ihe  •  v  tiot 
|olll>    of   the   h..i!!lili,    hill    of    the  llll;-Il.in 
soeiel>    of   llu    Roui.in   empire,   tli.il  ulieii. 
two   eeiiinries    lalrr.    tin-    H.isilie.i  lne.iine 
1  he  model  .  .f  !      (  hristi.in  |il.u'e  ol  woi  -liiji. 
the  n.aiiie  of  fjij/ua  1  or  trihini.ili  u.a-  irans- 
\t  rr.  il  lo  ihe  eh.iir  of  the  hishop;  and  this 
eli.iir  oec  ;  1.  il  m  the  apse  llie  place  of  the 
jndKment-se.it  of  the  pra?tor."  (Stanley.) 


N'otliing  is  more  characteristic  of  this 
section   than    Paul's  clear  an<l  steadyiiiR 
vision  of  the  future.    lie  f.ices  it  as  one 
j  who  kiiiKK's  (V.  I.  cf.  iv.  14),  and  he  finds 
in  it  his  consolation  and  inspiration.  We 
ili.ivc  no  means  of  ascertaining  the  details 
of   Paul's  situation  at   this  time,  hut  we 
know  that  he  tmi-t  li.iv.-  dr.iwn  very  near 
the  Kates  of  de;ith   11    Si      He  li.id  drunk 
I  deep  of  sorrow      I'erplevity  and  perseetl- 
I  lion  were  his  constant  eoin)i,itnons.  and  he 
'was  slowly  lieiim  killed  for  lesiis'  s,il<e  (iv. 
iHIl).    He  siyhs  for  the  end.  e.iriiestly  and 
often   ( ver.  J.  4);  yet  he  shrink-  fr'  tii  it 
He  sli.ire<  the  imivers.il  horror  ot  ,!i~-oht. 
lion,  .-md  he  is  none  the  les-  dear  to  ns 
f"r  tli.at  :   he   woiilil    rather  lu'   -p.ired  the 
stroke    of    death.    ,ind    the    Imdiless  state 
which  followed  it. 

N'cvcrri;.  K'si.  he  cndnrcs  the  prr-iiiii 
faces  the  fitliire  hravely     He  s.iys  t.i  l;is 
i  he.art.  conraue.    "We  ilo  not  i.;row-  faint- 
hearted,  we  ,ire  coiir.itiei 'lis  nt"l  eontiilen! 
at  all  times"   (i\  \.  d.  S)      .Xml  his 

eonraye  conies  from  hi-  vi-ion  of  iIu' 
future.     He  has  the  same  sure  Krasp  uf  nil- 


Ch.  V] 


II  CORINTHlANa 


155 


li  Knowing  tiierefore  the  terror  of  the 
Lord,  we  pertuade  men;  but  we  are  made 


inanife!(t  unto  Ckid:  and  I  tn»t  alio  are 
made  manifest  in  your  contcience». 
12  For  we  commend  not  ourselves  aRain 


soon  rcalilirs  ,is  tlie  writer  nf  I'salm  mm. 

liki-  liir.i.  li'ii.  111-  I'liiiii)  III  Ills  I  mil  .i 
Milaif  ami  a  j  ■>  wluii  hi--  lilf  u.i^  a-.-ailiMl 
I  v  tlu'-r  siilnli-  anil  imwrrliil  furit'S  lliat 
ihrcaliii  till-  (uacc  ami  wcll.iri'  of  tlu'  soul. 
At  till'  worst,  he  could  but  the  before  tlic 
loiiiiiin  of  Christ.  And.  however  Mranno 
iiiiKht  Itc  the  state  into  which  <leath  would 
usher  him,  it  would  at  any  rate  bruiK  him 
nearer  to  his  Lord.  Indeed,  in  a  true  sense, 
death  would  take  him  home.  This  life  was 
.iftiT  all  Imt  a  I>ilKritn.i«i- —  ■•  |iil«riniai:i" 
t.iwarils  the  l.onl.  '  lie  tile  of  J>>iis  w.is 
manifested  no  dotiht  evin  luri'.  it>  lii^ 
mortal  tlesh  ;  but  beyond  <leatli,  in  .iii  im  ii 
more  real  simim-.  lie  woiib!  be  with  IImii, — 
be  would  111-  at  inMiie. 

riuii  aKaiii  t!un'  wa^  alu.iy--  ilic  (nw^i 
liility  thai  ho  iiiiL;lit  he  "  t.tiM  ii  it  tin- 

l.i'rd  would  coiiu;.  ailil  tli.il  l:i  uc  ;iM  ^ini- 
ply  ;iiuKri;o  thai  i;'""io:f  .  I..iii,ur  vs'm-.Iiv 
shat  uliii'li  u:.'-  'iiorlai  v.  ii;lii  hi'  ^  u  iw  cil 
up  <  f  iiiiiiiorl.ihty.  I  h.it  'u-  1 1  iiiii.i 
r'Mii  for  whirh  ho  mcIi-.  1'.  U  \\lni:ii  r  tli.it 
stilly  i>  111  -toro  I'oi  him  or  not.  ho  kurnvs 
,    II  III  tlio  lioaMiis  ho  ha--  an  oMTl.i^tim; 

•so,  ho  knows   that   hi    will  wear  the 

0  .  stial  hoily  :  ami  with  ^iiat.  amid  all  bis 
sorrow  ami  pain,  lie  is  eoiitoiit.  Ho  b.is 
eyos  for  tlie  uiiseon  tliin|.;s  (iv-  li*'  ;  bo 
siM-s  them  as  clearly  as  the  altlictioii  by 
winch  he  is  bnfTotoil.  His  eyo  is  upon  the 
■■  oteriial  weight  of  ^lory."  and  alro.uly  lu- 
lives  with  the  (|t!iot  |ov  of  otrrnity  in  lii- 
lio.nrt.  i'art  of  th.it  nlory  is  n  llictiil  l>.i>k 
from  the  future  into  the  dark  am!  <li- 
ho.ii toiiinir  prosoiit  :  and  tho  tuo  W'  rMs 
aro  linked  toi^othor  hy  tho  -orvio.  of  (  hri-!. 
How  Christ  may  lie  served  hoymd  ilo.itli, 
when  we  are  ah-- from  tlu-  h"d\.  uo  do 
not  know  :  hut  it  i-  my  .-inthitii'n 
I'.iiil,  whether  !>ri  !  S  in  ah--!  lU  ,i 
the  hody.  to  1.,  wk'i]  ph  asim;  to  I' 
Siu  h  .111  aiulii  i"'  -iiioht  well  fill  a  trotibIe<l 
lit'o  with  poiiri   .ind  iii>. 

Hut   the   thoML^ht   o,    'he   future  was  sol- 

1  iiini/iuLT  as  well  a-  oon-"!u",e  Th.it  tntiire 
held  :  ■  MlL-lliout - sc.it  .'is  well  a  tlir'.i'e 
"I  i;lory.  And  hoforo  that  seat  all  would 
have  to  api>oar,  aiu\  the  itn^er  quality  of 
ttivir  !ifr  w-v'-'!  iw  •-■•:p.->-e<l  n  vl-rito  .tiv! 
so.ircbinff  li)ibt.  'I'li.  ro  o\t  ry  tn.in's  real 
w-orth  would  bo  laid  hare,  .iiul  his  reward 
would  be  in  exact  proportion  to  his  worth. 
It  is  interesting  to  find  Paul  end  thi;  part 
of  his  arf^unioiit  with  the  thotiRbf  of  the 
judgment:  it  helps  us  to  feel  how  bracing 


l  \  s 
u  from 
iin. 


land   stroniions  a  thiiii;   In-   roliuioii  was. 

!  It  I-  not  oiiIk  ur  o\on  ehieily  a  oi  iisolation. 
but  an  iiR-iiilue  to  diit>  llio  oonlonipl.i- 
tiou  of  the  ^lory  may  lift  a  man  over  his 
atHictions.  ami  enable  bitii  to  regard  them 
as  a  hulit  thinK;  but  the  contemplation  n( 
the  i-.iilKiuent-seat  sobers,  humbles,  and 
purities. 


Tilt-  Ciinstraining  Love  of  Christ  (v.  Ii-is). 

The  pns-aue  th.ii  f. .llows  is  involved  in 
nnieli  dilliotilly.  ami  the  precise  conneetioii 
hotwoiii  tho  verses  is  often  anything  but 
obvious.  In  mmral.  Iiowe\or.  tluy  eotitam 
a  re;is-i  rt loll  of  tho  .ipostli  's  snu  eriu,  .iml 
of  his  UI1-,  lii-h  ih  votion  to  the  \. i  ll. no  of 
t!ie  I'oriiilliiiii  eh'ireh 

It.  I  Ills  p.ir.ii;!  .iph  is  inlMiiately  -on- 
metrd  wi'li  the  i,i-t  ( oei' )  hy  the  -..hiuii 
.iild  |iiiril\ ins_'  thoM'.;lit  of  the  luduniiiit 
s  It  Knowinfcj,  then,  .a-  ue  hue  111-1  .iil- 
nntted.  the  fear  of  I  hn-i,  the  Lord,  ,it 
whose  juduiiH nt  bar  wo  sh.ill  have  to 
stand  tn  roei  ivo  onr  dosirts,  .nid  in  whose 
prosenoo  the  real  soorots  and  ipi.ility  of  our 
life  will  bo  transii,-.roni,  we  perauade  men. 
It  is  not  clear  wbottior.  in  this  somewhat 
j^eneral  phrase,  I'.inl  iiie.ms  tb.it  he  per- 
sii.ides  men  to  einhraco  the  nospi],  or  that 
ho  pefsnados  thoni  of  his  own  sincerity; 
lo'li  .111-  porh.ips  iinisl\.d.  I'.-t  whether 
'  ;-  pro.-iehin-.;  or  dofi-ml'n'.^  In-  motives, 
ia-  ,ilw,i\s  s|n-.iks  with  lia  -..hiuii  con- 
-^■■iisno-s  of  liis  final  .u  i  oiiiii,il,  l:iy.  In- 

011.  wulio'it  w;ii;ii  i;  l;'l  he  stands  before 
•lie  iiKkin.  ni  s,  .It  o|  (  Im-t.  p,-  knows  th.it 
I'.  ■  .ilia.idy  SI  .na  hi  d.  oprii.  .md  tr.-in-- 
p.i-."!;  j,i  Ii.iH-  Io  pi  r-u.ide  u.'i'il 
(  '/(ujn-oi  i  I  !:,  ;.:!,  ,  -P,,!  ho  ha.-  lo  reekoii 
w-iaap-  -■  e:  i,  ,/  i  • ''^i- )  --  lu  iu'c  In-  .-uhl-, 
and  to  God  we  are  .alrr.aN  pi  rmatu  ntly 
iperf. )  manifest  i .  t  \,r.  nn.  Mir  fitiiiro 
iud'juiinl.  and  lia-  pri -i  :i!  i  ■;  eiou-nr-s  of 
(I'  ll.  \'. on!  !  !.,■  ,111  i  iireii',.'  .!.'■'.  in  lo  jn^ 
-■•  ia  r:t\.  ilid  -v,  h  .  \!-t.  And  I  trust,  he 
.id'U.  ih.it  ■!  -  ih  11",  of  niy  iiioti\<s  is 
manifest  also  in  your  nidividnal  (plur. ) 
consciences.  'I  bore  w-ere  eknionls,  pi  rliaps, 
in  Pan!'-  t^.-moatior  to  whieh  ri  siiportjoial  or 
ini-ynipa'hetie  criticism  nri;ht  well  have 
t.ikon  exception;  but  ho  appe.ils  wilh  hope- 
fulness {i\wi(u))  to  the  deeper  judKment 
of  their  coiisiiiUte  'cf  iv.  2). 

12.  This  solemn  and  emphatic  .nsscr- 
jtion  of  his  sincerity  may  look  as  if  he 


150 


II  (OKIXTHIAXS. 


[t'u.  V 


lllllii  IpIII   yi\C  Mill  1  if  111   til  l;ii.|s  111 

mil  I.i'mIi,  ili.it  V.   may  have  ni muu li.il  in 
r,.:'i  Kliiry  III  a|i|Kar.inci', 

ami  iii'i  ill  III  ai  I 

l,i  l  .ir  u'iiilu  r  -Ai-  I  r  I.,  -i.lr  .•ur-iKi-, 
il  i<  li.  i.iii'  i.r  ulul'iii  \\i  li'  -'•lur,  i.i 
fur  >iiiir  cau-if. 


I    n    I'nr  ilir  li'Vi-  of  t'llri^I  cmi^tr  liiu  tit 

11^;  IiiiMil-r  iM    tl.;;     il!.!-,.  |!i,it   11  mm  ihcil 

fur  all,  ilii  II  «i  T.  .ill  ill  Mil : 

! \'ii|  r';      he  .1  ,  .!   i,.r  .,M.  l!;,it  tli.  v 

I     lia  !.   i:  \  I    -  ill  i!l!il      .1   l  i  11.  .  fi  M  ''i  In  .    nil . . 

I  l!ii  iii'i'K < lull  iiiii'i  liiin  whii'li  ilml  I'ur 
Itlu  m,  ;in<l  r">o  .iK.-iin. 


\vt  re  t4iti!lv  'if  i  ■<ii!i!irfJitl':'ii  —  apiiar- 
oiitly  a  lrti|iuiit  i-liarm:  ai.'.iiii~l  tin-  ,iii.i  Mi- 
di lit.  I).  Itiit  till'  iriiili  i~,  we  arc  nut 
again  commending  ourselves  to  you:  lio 

^in!|ily  a--irlin)i  hiiti-<  tl  aL;.i;ii»t  tiu' 
ill  1 11 1  r  Ml  1' '11  I't  lii-  I  i]ip.  1  il  ill  •■.  wliii  \M  ri' 
!  •:.•!  ■  .:r.iih;i-!.-:vL-  :I-..:r  ..v.;!  .  \{.  ni..l 
.iiiil  ir;  I  |i\  .I'll  .I'U  .111' .iL'i  -  Hut  N'..'  I'l  ikr 
ill-    .1  -  -•  I  '  Mil    I't    I  ''ir    .il  ■  ■  ■   1 .  ;  V  . 

^ini|il\  !'\  I't  >;ivinK  yun  an  occasiiin 

of  boastinn  on  uur  behalf,  in  order  that 
you  may  have  an  answer  to  otTcr  those 
who  boast  in  ~iim.ui'  appearances  and 
not  in  heart.  I  In  ,-,iiihm-!  I.i -u.  in  tlio 
/(il  l-  (  irpoiru'troi' )  aiiil  tlu'  /;.'.;'  /  i  <.ii/>A«a  )  is 
Ml|4i;i'~tl\ r.  Init  ilns  ii"!  cli.iMr  il^  t.i  .i- 
ri'rt.iiil  |irrfi-i'ly  tln'  yri'innN  mi  uhiili 
r.inl'*  ilrlr.ii'iiT^  r<  ^ti'il  llirir  olami'.  to  >ii 
periiirity  —  pn  iliaMy,  liiu^i'ViT,  lluir  cii- 
ni'otiim  with  tin-  Ji'rii>a!oin  ohnn-li  ;iiiil  tlu* 
apiistli'-i,  pii-.-ilily  t'MM  their  ai-ipi.iiiilaiui" 
«illi  Irsiis:  111  ,iiiy  iM'-c,  upmi  tliini.;^  wlii,Ii 
tiniilu'il  mily  till'  Mirlaco,  iiut  llii'  /(((,'(/  of 
Christiaiiiiy. 

13.  It  i-.  dilliriilt  111  i-".'  i'  ;  ti  l-  M-r-"- 
with  till'  pui'iilmn  \<r~<-  111  >  jii^t 
!n'cil  .■i-~iTi  iiii;  111-  -iiici  riu  :  lu-  ii.'W  ruii- 
Iii  ■-.ly.  111  I  I  -I'l  ril'i',ill\ .  iIkiI  I'lv  ,i,'ii.  n  li.i^ 
lii  rii  1' 'iili . 'Ill  1!  |i\  .1  piin  .Mill  iir~.  ■■   li  tl - 

'I  '"1  till  u  I  ll.il  ■  ■  till  t '.  .r;  •  :,..itl 
flint .  h  Hi-  i-mii  li,,,  1  ' ,  n  1  ,  1  1. 1 
a  (loiit.If  <■'  :it.  •  •••  (  hi  •!'.•  «  h.n\>..  Iii- 
lU'.it.ili,  ,ti>jTrjn'i  1  nil'  '1-  .i|>p^  r  111  '  .i\i' 
hi'i'il  til. nil'  liy  --ottu-  I'll'  ^iiliji-!  Ill  ri'- 
prii.irli;  rm!   lii^  itiin!,  r,;;i.   •   am!  Sirhi  i,  t\' 

(  ffu"''iJOIOI  ;i.J' 1     ni;,y    Imm     '.     11     i  lit  ir])ri  t  <  1 1 

a--  iT.ilt  .-iml  «'  'l'!K  ■       i'  ,!)i-i' 

fliar'.;i'>i  is.:!-  >'    • !  i   " ,  '  "  \  .  .1' 

Ins  iiiii';\i  For,  if  wc  inclulf;c.i  in  ec- 
static moods,  it  was  to  God  -:!  v  i 
inattiT  I'l  ivMin  (i.i.l  .11..!  iiiv-.  li;  if  on  the 
other  hand,  we  exercise  sobriety,  it  is 
for  you  —  ill  V'l'  r  ii'tif, -I  Ml,  i-..-..l'iif. 
ulu'tl  cr  of  i.nr  ;  iii'l  i.r  ;,ii. itln  r.  i^  iumt 
t!iot.-iti  .1  I.y  '-rlli-li  ink  .  t~:  ii  I,  ..k-  i-\<\ 
it|iiin  '  i"i!  or  \"it.  j.  't  tii  ^rr  upon  -i-lf.  It 

i;':  '--    ;'         '  'r    !::,:t    ti-  '!—.--f    r.fiT-  tli 

till-  ci 'n-i'miiiL;  I  iitlir-ia-m  \.''u  h  rli.-ii  ;ii'ti  r- 
i/i  il  all  I'.i'i!'-  \V"rk,  .iin!  -n-nin!  'T  liini.  .'i^ 
for  lii^  M.i-tiT  I  M.arK  iii  _'t,  t'.''"-n| 
npn;,.ii"ii  .  ■■  1 1  ii'jr  "I'l-'iK'  liinw.jf":  in 
that  ci-c,  i!ir  vv  ril-  iiiav  he  tr.ln-l.aU'd.  a-^ 
ill  .\.  U    V  "w!K'?!iir  wo  iVt-  hcsiiif  onr 


-iKi  -i";  liiit  tlu'  clioiro  of  ttio  ,iori>t  tonso, 
'  hu  ll  .ippi  ats  III  111'  ill  lilii  r.iu  ly  1 1  iiitra>tf<l 
v\!tl!  till-  pu  si  iii  c7w  Voi-oi  jjtc,  rallii  t  iioiiit'" 
to  ,1  paniiiil.ir  iii.inili -i.ii  ' 'ii.  in  iliv  past, 
of  Ihf  ii-Iaiic  U'tiipiT  p"---ili|\  111  a  \isinn 
(I't     Ml     I  tt  I    pi'-  il.K    t!ii '  iii'v;Ii    --p- akiiiK 

^\  il  II      I  ■    1  1.^  i  ll  >.      Ill       VV  '  I    '  '  I       I  *.|  tl  I      1    M  1  I  It  '  !      (  i 

t  1  ir  Mm  i.S  I.  Ill,  ,,ili  I,  1  . ,  -11,  u  n  in  lii- 
IiiiiKr  ti'.j.iril  li.r  tlir  nil. 11.  r.i- ,1  -  "i  tlii' 
in.lixiilMl  aiiil  111  111-  ill -111-  I.I  ni'  ii  tin  in 
tl  !i:p'  1  11' h  .  ni."i>  li.iM-  111  I  n  11  ili  rpi rli  ■  i  .i-. 
.•|  i  iiiiiiitmly  .  .'1-1  iimmi-  .iiU  nipl  1..  "  plr.i-i- 
;i!l  null  111  .11  tliui'^-";  Inn  In  in'i'lii  -  now. 
wli.it  lu-  li.iil  pl.iiiiK  -.nil  liit'iiti'.  ili.it  In- 
ua-  "  rut  -1  i  !,:ii'.:  1,1-  i.uii  iiu.  ii  -i.  l.'il 
til, It  of  tlu'  tii.ni>,  lli.it  lluy  niii.:li'  In 
i-avt'd"  (I  Cor.  X.  Or  tlu'  iiK.iiiim: 

iii.iy  lif.  that  tlioiiuh  kiII<<I  wiih  tlk'  pnwir 
of  sptakinu  with  lonmti-s.  In-  yet  in  a 
spirit  of  Christian  .lolirii  ty.  rt-fiisi-d  to  cx- 
errisi-  that  uiii.  Ixcaitsc  it  contributed 
imthiiit;  to  the  editiiMl  imi  of  the  cliiirch ; 
lie  r>'straitK'<l  his  n  -t.iiu'  viift,  and  sjMike  in 
tin-  elntrch  imI  with  tmiyiu-s.  but  "with 
till'  itniUrstatiilinu,"    'I 'n-  i.  \.i.  ;-.    of  tlie 

ill    itidnlL:!  d  in 
-111  h  ;i  \v;iv  ;is  ci  m.-crni  il 
-I'll'. 

14,   15.     Til  -    M  T-r  ■ 

cnt  of  p.mr-  ■i-ili- 
am!  10  till'  clnu .  lb 
ami  I  irr.  'w  u .  .  ''  1  • 
(■iiii-lv.,'tiim;  /I'fr  (  '; 
of  Christ.  !!i;it  i-.  tlii 
liini  nf.d  i"  tlic  w,.ri.l. 
!o\i.'  I'l  t'lir-  '.  constrains  us,  tuni-  tni' 
la-  a  man  i-  '  iiiiiiu  d  in  l.v  :\  i-in  .1  -  ni'i' 
Word  in  l.';'-.i'  \  in.  4-,  <ri  r<  \  m  i  1  .m  ' 
nt'j'-  me  on.  I 'ii-i'lt'i-lini--  1  iii  -  .-iM. 
!  .  1  tn.ni  will)  know-  and  li\r-  iiiulrr  'I'i 
C'  -  --r:nnt;  he  will  alu.i>-  li,i\'-  in  \  ■  \\ 
"  t  hi-;  own  iiil  '1 -t.  I'ltl  that  of  thi- 
ti'i'iy"  (I  ("I'r,  \  .fO  Til's  i-on-lr.iiiit 
eo'iTir-i.-ilK  1  pn  s.  ffi  i'f  \(.)  liuM-  liim.  and 
i!  d.iti  -  k.ii'k  to  the  'itiR'  of  hi-  i-onver-ion, 
having  ilu  ti  (;iori-t  ■  nirnrTa^ ;  nut  "lu'i-anse 
tte  t!--  i.ti!-.-e.  F  \  .  \  R.  V  ,  reached 
this  decision  that  one  died  for  all,  there- 
fore they  all  (01  ■adi'Tn)  died.  S  nil-  MSS 
in-ert        liet'ore  fU   (tlii-  i-  ii  >.t  f"!- 

V.w.'d  I'v  A  V  —  one  ,  d  f-r  all  1  : 
the  lu-t  omit  it,  ilimiiih,  if  oritiinal,  it 
itiiid't   easilv  have   f;tI1eii  oni   liefore  tU. 


il>  ill  I'l  i\ .,'.  ,  in 
1  iiiK  ( 11  d  .ind  Iiini- 


11-  111!' 
lev.  'I  i'  11 
.  I  t  -ii. 


till'  se 

II,  <io,| 

-".r^li! 


/    For  the  love 

love  of  (  '  'i-t  to 
tiiit  prill!  II  il\  his 
in 


Cii.  V] 


n  r(»in\Tm.\xs. 


1..7 


1,11. • 


Mil  1 


111  ain  1- 1»<-.  I !'  • 
I  ■!  ■!.r..-r.  i;i;i.   .i,     ;  i.^   ii,.  i_  ,,.[  ,,,,  ^ 

iiii!    tl.i-   !iu  .ii:;nu    I'l    1.  irh   .m-,  .    t,   .  t    (  ,  .j  |..' 


I 


■  t 


A 


'  I' 


f  1 1  '  I  .    .  t .  I  •  t     1 1 . 1      ( I '  <  .  1 1 . .  1 1  ;^     I  ■  I    P  1 : 11    1 M  » t 

I'l -i'IiimIK      iilv  lii'..  .iI.  Ill-      i-Mii-'i  nnifj  In-    ■  , 

|.■.^^.■^    ..|    i;;,-  .,,  t  |,,|,,  ,  , 

•>        K  I"  !:■■    .',  •  I  I'Mt  ••  ,il!   I  ,  — .  ••  • 

niiiiin  1^   I'. I'll  1  .1",  .1  ■  -  .'i,  ,|  .,,  ,■  .  !   .     I  ■■ 

••I     «  I'T    tlh  ?'!.      I  h-     .i,.,!),     w..,     t!    •     ,  iliil  u' 

I  !•       ..f   II..  I,..,    ,  (.,:,.,  I  5  .  ;  ■  1   r  Ih:. 

I  ii'       <\  I  T  .ii;.  .-m  i  .,11     ,,;  a:  V   I. Ill-  .ill    :  r  u 

will.  .itp!..-i.iin.i'.-  Ill-  .1.- .<Ii  .  -  .|..  •!        !!;:!;,  j  V     ,  ;i;  ,  ...  . 

I.,   lluir   ..111  .m  l   r-    int.  n -i- ;  ,  lu .  ii  r:..-|.,  ,l  hi-  in.    '       '  '-..i  i' !  .1 

iMf  .-tii  vtii-h,  (Ic.ii!  1..  tin  ir  i"..ttiu  r  -r  I.  ;  It    i-.,:i  :i     -.,1  11,    ,  ,i  -| 

JUKI  (•..ll>Ir;il!K-(l  liy  tin-  l...r  ..|  (.llii-l.  -  I    :  .  iil-.    i:-.,-  1. '.r  ir.       '|    '    •  ,r 

''u"'/-r  '■■    ■    ■'■   '  a:."       il  I..r;i;!  •  an.i  -  ..'ui.  ,,„• 

oil:  Clirist  1-.  ihc  lu-.i.l  ..|   a  tu  «    imn.  iii  .in  -lhir  ]:,■  liv.-  im-i'   i  .. 

.V.'U,-  \.T.  I  ;).    I'     '  I..,  .i.U.itu.u.  ,  x.il- 

Vati.ltl       (ill      lTu'('.»  .Til'_       I       ;    ,,.  ^ 


I    I  .    ;  ■    .  !!'■  ■■•  .   I-    .  ,1    «  !.:  -I. 

'    "  '  '        ■        \:'         -  ■\'  ll\ 

.  :        V :  ..-ii  .lit 

I-  !  ,  :  .  ■  II  the 
liiti:  i'.-   ii  .      .  .1   I  '  ri  -I.  ^11- 

•■'  •\    111    1 1  !■>  -li  I  ii  It 

I. I:l;'   I  ,  lu,  |..r 

!   !   r  S.ili.  .  .,i,.|  li.    !  ,,-.| 

!••     1-.    I    !■  r   .,•    I.-.  .  r> 

!  ,.■!        .  .;i>.!      1  ,  1-  I  


hititiaiiity,  which,  flying  in  Uis  df.ith, 
ri»t  s  ti>  a  now  litV.  "  i.ir  ;iU "  ili.t  s 
not  ipiin-  i!uan  iiist,iij  of  all.  as  i<rtp 
is  tint  .  i|i;i  i  aUnt  t.>  avri;  railu  r  it  nu'aiH. 
for  tlk'_  aiKaiita.m-  of  all.  iIm!  i-,  |..r 
the  foririvi-iu  >^  ..t  thrir  sin.  and  tin  ir  n  r 
oi  i-'li,i;i. ':i    1,)  (vcr.    hii      And  Me 

died  for  all,  in  order  that  those  who  live 
should  live  no  more  to  themselves,  but 
to  Him  who  for  them  died  and  was 
raised.    IIito  is  cvplu-iily  ^t  .-.il  I'-.r  ..l.jti-t 

•  ■f  lli^  i!r,;lll,  lli.it  111.11  -li.iiihl  (lu-  |.i  s,'f 
.•iiiil  Iivr  I.I  lliiii.  His  dia'ii  I!..!  .  nS 
till'  -iijHi  iiic  r.IaiUi-  .ii  s.  !ti>!ivi  , 
.'illtilliil.ttl.  .11.  oi  ^,^■l■T^t  (tin,-,,  ui;,,  ].^,  )  ,\ 
n.'i  .1  1' r >itinl. '111! !•  II  i  r  "all  in.  n,"  ii 
nu-.i:'-  •  a. -I-  \\li.)  n.i\v  liMir,.   tlir  new 

/;^■  that  f.. II.. Will  tlhir  ih.itli  ui'li  C'liri-t. 
'I!ii-  lifi-  I-  I". If  Ihm.  ainl  n..t  |..r  tlirin- 
mK<--:  tli-v  h\,-  f,,r  llim  :,/;,,  ,/,,-,/ 
thrill.  Dill  111-  a!-. I  ri-o  .tj.imi  f.  r  'lunr-' 
ill  li'hiT  \\ii!<i-.  is  iytpHtfTi  ,!,;,  ,1  -Mil 
I'iy  to  c..mi>iit;'  the  [lii-turc  nf  tin-  ri-ni. 
living  Lord,  to  whom  tiio  ^irviic  ot  tin- 
ri  ilri'incd  is  diu'?  or  i  .  ut'ruji'  t  .  In- 

'  |I^.  II  \i  it!i  tilisf  worils  a-  \\'  II 

T..'  ;i;ro«ri;Diri  — to  Ililll  who  l..r  -hiir  i.. 

Iioth  dild  .-md  ri»i'  ai;;iin?    K.  iv. 
smii-  to  Io..k  in  the  lattiT  dir..  .-ii.  m.  ;a- 
cordinn  to  which  "lie  was  rai-itl  for  on 
jiistitication." 


olluTs.  till!  Ill-  now  iiii.iit.  Mil:'!.  Ill ! .  i..ii 
Mil.  r>.    .\  .   <ii;,i.r  coui  -Mj   Is  ji. 
St  If  is  df.i  I. 


ii-.  lor 


Tlh'  X,  \-  il'.  r/J  (  \,  r.   ir.,  i;  1. 


i6.  I  !:i  tu .  1  \ ,  r-<  • 
■r.(tf  iiu-  I'l.  a.  •■i!t!'.^.  -t.  i 
.1  till-  iiilitii:i-lv  I. II  n  ,,,  , 


II  -:.vs  \  I  ry  t""r  hiininn  natnri-  l!i:il 

ll    ,1    in  in     I-    I'  li.l    -1  1,1    1   . 


irliilly  <lal>- 
I  >  thi-  l,i-t  two, 
.:  i  ilr,  '-  ..f  thf 

I'il       'I     <-  !in-t        lull    -.'  ,i;  d,fd, 

ail. I  .lil  '111-  i-.\l,  rii.il  .1:  'll,.      i;  !\.it 
.ir.itr  II    .1  an-  ai .niiiil.ii>-.|.    So  that  as  for 
US  li-mi.  1;.  u,\,  r  nil!,  h    "r-N  nn  opi.-.i 
iii  'ii-  tii.i\  I  ly  11],,. II  ihi  ir  i-  nniiti  '11  with 
ihi'^  j.-rti-.d.-in  clnin-li  .md         a|„  -'lrs.  or 
1"  I  1  11  -_  iil»,'i  •h.ir  ar.|!;  iir,'  :;i,-i-  with  ji-.ii, 

ll''ii-i;i'.  from  hencefortii  (tiiat  i-,  ti,.i!i 
:!ii-  111.  Miu  11!  Ill  w  hi.  h  1  .r  l  -  ,u  tlic  r.  .il 
!'..  i:,;i!i;  of  tli.    cK.cli  ,  i  rhi'-i.  \,  -  i.ji. 

■>'..■    ri  l'!-C,    111    .  ,     •llll.ilc    ,.I    111,11  |,| 

I'l.il  .i.i.l  i\,:i  .i|   Ci'.ii-I   in  pir:  ..-i:!  ,r,  to 
,i!)V    v\.  i.;!il  !..  siu-'i  ,  y   I,,  ,!  ,..,1 

1-    \Mt!i    i-i.i.ii'il  t'li:;-  we  know  no  ni.in  .CtiT 

the  tlesh.  ii-.t  ,■■.,11  (!r!-':  tii.'U^h  wc 
have  known  Christ  after  the  tlesh,  yet 
now  we  know  Him  -..  no  more.     I  , 

t.i'."...    ,-i    111.,. I   ,/.",r   r'./  j, 
nn;i  '!t.iiu-i-.  in  ,,::r  . -Mn..:,-  ..|"  h.-n.  t,.  t!  i! 
w'.^'v  U  I tr'iiv  , :  ■  ...l.  r.      :  -It  rli.  i 

i;  !'  lo  I.Mik  at  tb.  I  I,  r.  I!-  ,!  tl,.-  h,  .,rl  .  v.  r 
I.-  '     It  I-  'o  -..,'  !l,,-  ^,  II,;','  .1-  a  m-ntilo. 


^.1■,!  hini-.li  aija'ii-i  ihi  inij..|!a!i.Mi-  ..I  a  i  I"  t  ill  t.i  r,V.,^;MA'  ih^ir  ''p  ''■'"''I'nn'm 
i-i'  ii'.hi-v.    It  ,  \ir  a  man  fori.;..t  a.:;.!   I'uiii.iintv .  tli.  :r  .  in-ii,  --  «h,  .i  „.,.„  .;„  r... 

■•I'l'  ii    t'l    f!iii-i.    I  -..'.  v  al    d'-''ii.-"..  '-. 

U  hi  11   -t  i  ll   i„  till-   Ii  •  ...  ,,„i,.  , 

.\a\.    -.1    l  i'l,-    u  ■  ■  ■ 


lan  tor^;..t  a.:;. I 

I.  1  ll.'!  ii  -n-.  It'  in  il  l'  i-'Tort  l.>  Si'r\.'  .in. I 
a;-  n    '  :-    .\I.,-'.T,    !'..it    ni.'in    \....s  |'.,i,|. 

II.  r,  lu'  iiru;.  -  tv.  .i  iii.  \ .  s.  ,  uh<  r  of  w  hi.  h 
\\'"-\\  nii.i.T  :i"\  .,;;i..r  i.iiKhir!  ,.ii  h:, 
part  altogether  iiiti ini\iv;ibl<.'.    One  is  llii; 


:,rrv  f..r  r.iul  that  h,.  in.ik,  ,  ,  v,-.  p. 
till!  I'M'ti   in  the  ca-e   >>i   Chri-t  •  "we 


158 


II  CORINTHUNS. 


IC'H.  V 


17  Thereforr  if  any  man  hi-  in  Cliri-t. ,  paswd  away ;  brhold,  all  things  arc  become 
hf  is  a  new   creaturi-:   oUl  thmK«  arc ,  new. 


knrnv  llitn  ;  ii-  r  flic  flesh  no  morr  "  The 
wnnls  '  tiiouni]  \\v  havf  known  C'hri-t  al'tir 
tUi-  lii  sh  "  ccrtanily  st  em  at  fir«.t  mkIu  to 
mijily  that  there  was  a  Umc  in  I'anlV  life 
wlu'n  he  (lid  mi  know  Mini,  an<l  wlu-n  i»  r- 
haps  he  hill  the  •.aiiie  kind  of  -In iip'^n 
Ins  ari|n.iiiit;iMi  (•  uitli  thi  e\ti  rii:il  i.w  -  i  f 
eMi-.'  Iilf  I  i-  •  .jiiioiu  111 ~  ari'  W'w  'i^'in^;. 
Jut  it  is  dllll.  :'.'t  1"  IiihI  .iiu  |M  ri'"l  111 
I'aid'.s  life  wliii  li  Ii  .1  i..n!i--ioii  11. it- 
nrislly  ti's.  It  •■  '.<'.  li  ir.llv  I.,  r.  i.ni  .l  1.. 
the  |iiriin!  Iicfwrr  lis  e.  iiv  rr~i' 'li  (iImhil;!! 
he  ni;!\  nut  ini|i.  --p  1>  ~ii;i  jt  »iis  111 

Jerii-aK  111  I.    I>'i     .n    tli.it  he  wi^iild 

Iiti'ImIIv  li.r.e  im  lit  h  >iu  '  I  1!  <:\  \i.  ;  t. 
whii'  !..r  llu  iii"inin  i  •■  "el  'iu^  a  litiio 
atu  r  llir  lit  -li  .\iir  1-  it  la-y  In  sn|i|i''-i- 
that  the  allii-1011  is  to  the  ihtumI  niiiiu 
di.it(  ly  alli  r  In-  n  ■in  c  r-p 'ii.  f'^r  llii  re  is  110 
ti.ui'  lh.it  r.i  i':'--  ill'  'iLilit-.  ot  i  hri^t  ever 
e--i  nii.ili\  i-h,iiipiil.  i:--r  ir.  it  iirohahle  that 
t!.ry  iiiiih  rwi  lit  a  ehanne  111  this  resjieet. 
It  lias  lui  n  su^'';i  steil  that  tl  .  out  of 

the  ililhiiilty  1^  tn  interpret  Spiaroy  as  the 
Me.s-.i.ih  r.itluT  til. Ill  as  the  liisi.  •rit  ai  t  hrist  ; 
the  nuaiiiii(f  wniild  then  he  tl  it  ftirnicrly, 
liefore  Ills  comersinn,  his  th  'uhts  of  the 
Messi, ill  Were  earii.il,  eeiiteriiijj;,  fur  e\.iiii- 
Jile.  roiiiul  hi^  Jeu!>li  ont;iit,  his  |).i\u|u- 
di-si'i  11'.  lie..  Ii'.it  lli.i;  til! -e  iiii.iivr.i'ioii^ 
Were  ■!.  s!  r,  .N I  li  li\  hi-  \i,Mii  ..|'  |i  ihe 
true  Mr»-i.,li.  ami  i-;'ii-ially  I'l  tin-  iiiiner- 
sal  I  ■  ,inii«  "I  Ills  di  .i!h.  I'.ut  ei  ii, -idi  rill;; 
tii.ii  III  till-  \  1  r>  111  \t  \i  r-e.  the  «i>ri| 
"I'liri-!  "  imiin- ' .ikal'K  n  fi  r~  In  tlie  in- 
tl  I  i.  .it  S.i\  ;i  .'11.  il.'  -  1  -  ;'',iii,il  1.  '11  mil- 1  !■.■ 
pn  '111  'Mill  .  .  ■  ir-  U    :■]■]■■  ■    :'  I  l-i-rr  --i  nil  - 

111!  I'iliiT  .i!'-rt'.r  se  lli.iii   1"   M'!';i"-r  tliiit 
i'iiiil   i>   s;,;i,n'.;    hi-   iM-e    !■  p. '!'■• ''imIIv - 
Ik-    rr;i':' li.itr>   a|'ii  1!     In   i \ii  i    i!-.    1';  .'ii 
ill    ' '      .  (       ■:' ,-    t''r   ii--'  rt;.  '11  111 

I'-'iri-  ;ill  ;!'!    i!'"ri'  p.'iii'i.l.  ulnii  ue  re 
nil  III!  1  r  lii.i'  tl.!-  u;i-  ii'-t  'h.'  .ij  pe.il  wlii/h 
111-  I'pp.  'iiiil^  w.ii-  t..!  .l  lii  ir..'.',  iil;. 

17.  Ill  i.i  my  «.!'.-.  .iiiij  1  -pi  I'll. IK  I'V  ili- 
dt.illi    I  •.  rr,  Chn-.'    h.nl    ir:iii-.ii  .riiii-d 

the  I'.'.iM  i".  r  r.'iil.  (  ilil  -tiii.'M. Ill-  vvi  ri- 
aiiiiihii.ri  1! :  evt' ni.i!-.  «!iie!i  ..nee  lniM^nl. 
now  lnr.iine  irn  lev .nit  :  ti'e  111,111  iii  (.'li'i.it 
was  new.  and  the  world  upon  wlijili  he 
loofcid  V.  .1-.  v.i-w  So  that  if  any  one  is 
in  Christ  he  is  a  new  creation  (cf.  dal. 
vi.  15):  the  old  things  passed  t  irap^xwti', 
aorist>,  the  nii'nieiit  he  eaiiie  to  he  in 
riiri-t.  see!  they  have  become  NEW.  It 
is  one  thing  to  he  Christ  (cf.  I  Cor. 
i.  ij),  tn  helonR  to  the  Christ-party;  it  is 
another  and  a  very  diflfercnt  thing  to  he  iii 


1  Christ.  One  miKht  have  heard  Him  preach, 
and  watched  I  lis  cures,  uid  touched  the 
hem  (jf  I  lit  K^rmcnt,  and  yet  la>  far  enough 
from  the  kitiKdoin  of  heaven,  far  enouKh 
front  heinu  a  "new  cre.ition";  to  l»e  this, 
one  must  he  1//  II  n;  lint  the  iiiomellt  one 
1  111  linn  uf.  •pii  o-'n  Totro.  ver.  I4), 
thill  the  111. Ill  and  his  w  .ild  are  trans- 
fiiriiii  il:  lie  I-  lu  w  Cioi  iji,  It  is  new 
tMxiiat  -  till'  .•ihniiiiilniK   snrpri-e  ,ind 

11. \.  ...  till'  111  vv  nun  loiik-  mil  iipnii  his 
ill  u  »iir|il.  are  v:rapliii  ally  drpieli  d,  in  true 
lliliraie  la-hn.n,  \t\  the  wnnl  <iVi .  Inlmlil! 
sri  I  I  hi  re  1-  a  tine  ei  mipri  hi  ii-u  eiie-s 
aliiii:!  the  lli  'l'.  phir.  adl  a)jv«"i  -  -  ■ 'Id 
hal'i  ■.  eii-ti.iii  .  ^111-.  I'M  I-'  'II, Ills  iif  nun 
.imi  .'f  Ji -I1-.  h.ive  all  p,i--i  .1  .luay  t'nr 
the  Hi. ill  who  I-  111  Chn-!  I  lir  t'l'llnwinK 
ver-i  -  -i!i;ye-t  lh.it  tin  re  is  In  re  a  h:i'  k w.ird 
L:laiiee  at  tlii'  il.il'. irate  ei.iilr.i-i  r..';l  li.id 
drawn  in  eh.  iii.  lutueen  the  Jewish  anil 
the  Christian  dispcn.satiun. 


To  I'anl  hi-ii.ry  divided  in  two  hy 
the  de.itli  of  (.  lirist.  |!y  that  event  the 
flistiiietioiis  iipmi  wliieh  the  world  loves  to 
I.iy  stress,  wire  ohliierated.  .ind,  in  the 
hudit  of  th.it.  the  evternal  tliinjjs  that  scp- 
.  i  .ite  11  :in  11.111  in.i'i  hecanie  an  irri  levanee. 
.\.i>.  i\iii  ill-  .  \ii  rii.-il  tliin.i^s  of  Christ's 
I'Wil  III..  I'aiil  SI  1  111-  111  -.!>.  .'ire  to  neeive 
llii  eliip!  .i-is  :  one  Iii.iy  .n'.  .  nl  ii.i!-  lli.  -e, 
:!n.I  lu  t'.ir  ini.i!.;li  tn.'ii  I  hri-l  ;iltvr  .ill 
I  li.-  1 1  ill  imp'  .1  l.iiii-r  ali.ielii  -  m  il  1. 1  the 
1,1, -IS  .'I  Cl.i  '-t's  1  I,'.  I:'n  1. .  ih.'  '.Il  /  1.1 
(  hii-i  1 1  iiii-il  1'.  .1-  a  ri-i  n  1  t'",i  (>"»'' n,  \rr 
I  ;  I  li\  ii|.^  I  .ird.  I'p.  r.iMii;..;  in  ihr  In  ili.it 
vi.l'U  111  111'".  (If  ei'in-r  it  wmilil  In-  pi-- 
-iMe  111  Il'.i',!-  1. 1.1  ali-.ihlti-  the  ill 11  lel n  il 
I'elwrrii  tin  r;-.  M  Chri-I  .iiid  the  lii-P  .rii'.tl 
ji^i'-:  if.  in  the  11  .inph-li-  .il  -eiu-i  "i  the 
:i-i.irieal  reennls  I'l  lii-  liti.  ue  knew 
iiiithiiii,'  w!i:ili\er  nl  Jr-iis.  h. 'W  iniieh 
-Ii  "iild  we  know  of  tiie  liviiii;  Chri-t?  :\t 
the  -.line  time,  there  is  .a  kiiowK'ili;e  of  the 
iaets  wliieh  li.is  110  Chri-tian  value:  it  is 
pii--iMe  to  know  tliein,  vvitlnnit  heiiiK 
foiielied  liy  the  power  within  tiient  —  such 
i>  kimwledtie  "after  the  tlesh."  I'aiil  cer- 
tainly nni-t  h.Tve  lieen  thoronsjldy  familiar 
with  the  faets  of  Jesiis'  life  .Ttid  teachins: 
the  stiiry  would,  frnin  the  he^inniiiK.  be 
the  eomiiinii  property  of  all  the  churches. 
He  had  not  prohahly  luen  jiersi in.illy  ac- 
(piaiiited  with  Jesns.  Init  he  t.iiiler-tood 
Hitn  infinitely  better  than  many  of  those 
who  bad  been.    The  fact  that  our  gospels 


Oh.  V] 


II  CORINTHIANS. 


iK  An. I  all  tlimts  .itr  ..f  (.  .1!.  h.nli 
nvnin'ili (I  11^  li>  If  1  >    li  -.11^  I.  !iri«t. 

ati<l  liaili  tiiM-u  III  ui  tttc  iiiinistry  ut  ri\'i>n- 
ciltation ; 

10  Tt)  wit,  that  G<mI  was  in  rhri-.i.  r«v- 
oncilinK  the  world  unto  liini'«cif,  not  im- 
putiiiK  their   tr«"«pa»»«<   ttiito  thmi;  and 


li.itli  . '•iiiiiiitti  i|  iin'u  ii>  llu-  «i  (  I  .i|  r<>  i>t|. 
iili.itiiiit 

•■•»    .\..«    till  II    wi'   ,ir.    ain!i.i»^.ii|i>r-.  f..r 

I'hri-I.  ,1-  Ih."   1  !■,  M  ,  ,  !,   \..|,  l,y 

II*:  w<-  |ira>  \  u  III  Cliri-t'-.  sli.nl.  \tv  >C 
n-coticilfd  to  God. 


sali-fy  t.i  Ml  i"iii|i.iraiiv' Iv  ■-Kn.li  r  a  il- - 
>;rii-  I'lir  t-iirii.~i!\  al'mi!  >■■  i-\t<  rii.il  l.u  t- 
ol  ihr  lite  lit  JiMiN.  sli.i\\  'li.it  tlu-  tifliiik' 
til  uiiuli  I'aiil  luTi  i;u.--  \|)rr-Mii|i  w.i-. 
lnKiir!;  iiK  til  In-  uiiMy  pr  i  x  ali  ill  —  t  lie 
ft'tiiiiK  thai  unly  tlin-'  facts  wir<-  nf  \alni- 
which  rivcaltil  the  -pint  ati«l  ji'UMr  ami 
{HtriMtsc  .,t  jcsus  MiniM  lf :  other  kiiuwliiitji: 
was  ••  after  the  tlesh." 


Tilt-  h'i\-oHi  iliaiiiiH  (v.  iS-jiV 

'I'he  key-nnte  of  thi<  secii^n  is  the 
thfitiRlit  uf  rccniii-iluili.itt.  a  \v<ird  wliirh 
ficciirs,  whi  ther  ,'i>  a  iii>i;n  nr  ri-  a  \ri!i.  n.' 
li".-  tlian  fi.iir  111111-.  llu-  |ia--.i'^c  1-  wir 
ti-ii  ill  a  --ta!!'  lit  cmiIm  r.int  fi  1  hi  .:,  a-  r,i:il 
I.  iitriiiiilate-;  the  new  wmiM  \ ,  r.  171 
u!iu!i  ha-  hern  ciia!''!  ami  ''i  wliiili 
I  '  I;. I-  Im  cii  hroiU'lit  hy  r.  n.-ili  ith 'ii 
'  I  (i"il  nianilr-ii  il  m  ami  i  I  ilin.ML'h 

t  'liri-t.  (  hri-t  i-  imlei  il  tltc  n  .  .hMiu  1  ^m, 
\ir    iS)  liiii  (in, I  i^  the  ultiin.r,-  a^cnt 

■  ■!  >  1    I      I  ' 't  t  he  rei  '  'lu'ih.r  !'  "1 

18.    But  all  those  1:  u  things.  •  f  u ' 

I'aiil  h,i-  jii-t  -iH,:,,ii.  proceed  from  God, 
who  reconciled  us  to  Himself  through 
Christ,  and.  lliat  olht  r-  nm^ht  |.  ,1!::  -i  , 
Riiiid  nevN>.  gave  us  the  ministry  of  recu.i- 
ciiiation.  A  recoiicilialuin  wa-  iuce-.-,iry, 
hecatise  withuiit  it  and  hefore  it.  nu  n  are 
"enemies"  uf  (lod  (Rom.  v.  10).  Ihit,  ao- 
cordiiiK  to  I'aiil,  the  oh-raele  to  tie  over- 
come consists  not  only  in  the  enmity  of 
man:  there  is  also  sunutiiini;  to  he  over- 
come oil  the  sid,.  ,,f  (;,  „|  U'lifti  he  sa.\  s 
lliat.   Ill   l'hn>t,  reCi nicililn;  tlie 

\Mir!il  til  lliin-i-lf.  he  (ii'cs  iinl  mily  mean 
lli.il  the  L;n,,.hu  --  of  Cud.  as  inanifr-:iil  111 
(.'l!ri-t,  ih-aniui!  111.  n'-  hii-!:';;i>.  ami  in- 
spired tluni  \Mr!i  ini-t  ami  ciinli.l.nco  in 
llitnsflf,  lint  that  in  Christ,  who f.  .r  us  w:is 
made  sin"  (\er.  .'II,  anil  ulm.  .is  such, 
"died  for  Us  all"  (\er,  141.  (i.id's  c.'n 
<ii  11111,11 11111  III  ^;n  \\,is  |int  auay.  i  iie  rei' 
<iiu'ih,itiiin  i-  nut  one  whii  h  u  e  olTi  r  cr 
vvhu'li  we  work  out  for  oiir-i  |\ e- ;  it  1,  on  - 
uhicll  we  "receive"  1  r-iji'  KaTT.\\a-,rji- 
f'Xd^oMH',  Rom.  V.  III.  It  is  mtrn  iiii;  t" 
note  the  Mend  of  general  .mil  p.irlu-nlar 
(  \p!i.s-ions  thri'UKhoiit  tla-  p:ir,i::rapli  : 
God  was  reconciling  the  -eWorld,  He  recon- 


imt  rrikiin  intn  lli,-m 
K.ue  u>  the  ministry  of 
111  ha  •  an  n  1  rw  In  Inline 

,  f'.i ■11,1 ! ! \  ^li.ii iiil;  in  t he 
>':;■'  ■  1-d  !•>  <  11  111  ihri muh 
s  1  •  ipi.ill>  i;l.ii|  1-iin- 
hiiiiiir  tl  at  i»  111-. 
Ill  (lie  iK.ih.w  V  I'/ 
M  iiii;  e.illid  til  tin- 
I  Xii-jui-.  \ ,  r  JO  » 
lye  iif  this  rcviiii- 


111 


.ihd  I..  11.  .loe 
till  ir  II.  .  .  H 
re  I  ill  11  ■ 

C  ill-i  1.  ■  IMI       .  . 

ri .  I  iiK  laai  I    ■  ,1 

I  iiri-t,  hut 

SCl.lllsll.s,   1.)  ,■ 

III  hav  iHK  t  ii 
rt'ii'iii'Witiffi-- 
ser\  ice     III     pi  1  a'  ' 
lliroiinh  whivli  the  kill  ml 
eilialmn  i-  ciiiiimiimc.iti.l  t.i  imii. 

19.    t  hiist  Is  (he  me.luim  of  recon.iln 
ti.in.  hut  (,  (/  is  Its  iiliim.ite  si.nrce,  jiisi  a« 
the  c.in-iiiiiin.(tioii  of  liis!,.ry  i-  tli.it  </.i<< 
1-  t"  he  all  111  ail   II  ('>r.   w.  j.si.  In 
\<r-e   n>,  ilurefiiri-,  «»«"f  in  i!ie  emph.itic 

pii-lll.in,   IKilllts   sl!i;v;.  s'l      1>    li.ik   t.i  Toi 

j»*»ue  ifrmn  {».•./ 1  :  ih.    . .  .Mil.'iiali.ni  of  wf 
I""  Is  vrr\    irin-ii.i!.  .iti.l  it  ha-  heen  sii^- 
!i;i  ~IKe    t!  at    on    (  that  I    i-    re.illy    a  rI.iss 
•  "lili  I  til  r\pl,iiii  u'j  I  hie.iiis,  1 — proh.ihly, 
r',r  rti.ril-  ^imply  in.;iii    '  si'imhu 
'  :4t."      I  III-   reC'  II.  l!i  .1  .Ml   ;,.ii|   .        .i;,p.  '■"t 
nil  lit    III    Ih  •    man  ■■  -  \     i!;,  1 .  .  .1     ,    ,  .      i.s  » 
\M  re  (i.id  -  d.iiii.j.  seeing  that  it  was  God 
who.  in  Christ,  was  :    <\     a  t  ..|  recon- 
ciling i  pr.-   pull,  I  the  world  to  Him- 
self.    {'..    pniii'iLUuiti   111    A,    \'.    u'li  a 
'  '""na    '     r    riii'-',   ,t.m',  s   ,1    f.d  r  -.in- 
1"      ••  in.     i  \w  ')r   .  .,     1  ■.  ,„■,  n,,t  u  .rh  .V 
.\^iijru.i,  Imt  ^^l7■il,\,\,^J^T.^.l■  ,  p, dmi..  1 

aii.l  is  mure  Krapliie  th.m  the  -iinpl  mi- 
ll, r  I.  et  Aarij.W.Krir.i'  w,,ul.|  hav  !,.  .11;  it 
<-mpii,isi/i-s  not  the  f  icl  uf  ili..  n  .  i .  u  1  !ia - 
timi.   Inn   the  activity   of  «,..d   ui   it,  the 

II  i  um  limt;  /<r,;;ss.  .As  hefore,  t,  hri-l  was 
-ml  t'l  die  fur  I  ver.  14),  su  here  it  IS 
the  «  '  .  le     .1/7,/  th.it  was  lieitiK  reconeile<l 

III  lliMi.  1  he  ilTect  of  the  reconciliation 
ami  the  praclual  pruof  "f  it  are  tw.i-fold; 
111  ri  c-.  neilini;  nun  to  Himself,  He  i-.  not 
reckoning  unto  them  their  trespasses  — 

I-  the  ii.rpetnal  furyiveiass  of  sins 
(y.-.M-ii/  p.irth-  ):  and  aLMin  (iu.l  r.'vcaletj 
iia-  n-i  .nil  ih.iMui!  HI  having  put  in  our 
hands  1  lit  i/i  «, )  the  word  of  recon- 
ciliation (the  ,;,.i..t/  panic.  Sfiiti-ot,  like 
«|'ros  in  ver.  iS  -iiKKests  the  definite  ap 
p.  iiiitn  iit  of  Taiil  to  proclaim  the  recon- 
ciliat  ].  .111 

20-  1 ''I'  t!;.Mi.^!i!  ..f  his  commission  to 
/•/c'lAjiw  [  Xoton  tiic  reconcihation  suggests 


li  (  ui.MN  i'IllANS. 


<  II.  VI 


.•I   I  -  I.  !-■■;.  i- 

1    -.      -V  •  1,.   .  ,  ,,      .  y 


!I1  liltll. 


]..  ., 


CHAPTER  6. 

•  <'i  ••  '11  r.l-.  •  !'...»     <  ■ 

1. 1    (  |.  ■!  Ill 


-  !ii  u.i- 

1 I  -111.  .| 


I . .    r  '  ■  ■     1  ■    ;     •  I         ■  •  ■ :  w  :  !  •   .  ■  - 

1m  .-.1.;  1.    Wt-  .ire  iimi)ass.iiii)rs  tlicrciore  .    i  v. -i  : 

for    Christ,  M      1   ■  ,1'     'i.  uiih    li.i'  <\i\ 

I'l  I  I"  1      !■ 'II      (ir.,ii      ;,  ,     ,,;i..w      (l    l,      I  ;  I ,  I  I  I  •lir-'     III    /.  (( 

«!i.ri-  <iiM-t  I         ..11  llii  ir  In         |  ciil   ll)ni  u^' 

Mil-       1  "1  •  iil.i      II   ..I   llic-   u.ill'i   Ui  <iiii    l,,l^.iv.  -.  u<  'u.- 
v%  r.'!ii.-!i!  :i;'.!:i;li  ...mI  in  i  !iri-t,  -,.  li.i:   i!  I  ip'J    .iIlI  ciil;; 
1>.  ^  !iM-l       ■]    li,-   >,ii|.c  ill. si    i'.iiil.   Ill   !,i>  I  nil  .111-    mill  li   I!;..ir   tii.iii   l!.r   1lii!in|.;Ii   II  iil 
lip"^!' '!:.•  I  .ip.u  11  ■, .  i';|.-i'.:-:  I'l;!         il   i -i  1 1;  miimh  ~  iii  t. .  C  i ,  r  -t .  :iii.|  1 !      i:i'|"i  .t  .  .'i  m  i 

(  .1  ..1    \\  '  .  ■   !;.:  -  .lllri!   :  '  .i    hi!  11    U  "h    liu'   W  ■  ■!  il  |  lluilU-   riL'h!.  •  'll-h  (,  ,   nil  •;  .  ~|ii    i>   ti,  il 


:lli., .  I   -  . . :  ... 

I  1.'  illl  .  '!l-lii  .  .li.\  111 

;i  iiiiii      \\  i;  il  I  i  1111  .  u  r  li 
1  li   til  .  I  1    .iii.iill  111  II  :t 
1  ;l,  11.  I  liiii      I  i.-  -1-  -ink 
u    111-    >i;iiu    li,.ii     I'. nil 


■I  !• 


,1.  Ill  a  ~.  •!  -r  r  1^  ( !•  Ill  «  •  1 

iv   '-ill..,;:,    li.r  lii   li;iii.    il  i-  as  though 

God  were  entreating  by  us.    IIkii'  is 

IiiTf  ill"  ^aiiir  I  •  .;■ -1  11  iri-tii  a-  ih.i!  <<:  Uio 
ill!  11. 


ill. 


.  V.  piiiiiiii  I-.  wlii  ii  t'  l  ;.  j.n  l.u'i  'l  rii-liit  nil-Ill 


nil  ii  l\   i  ri;.iii;i  il  ..  -  l.i  li 
ri^'itnill-'ii li-,  (-1  lilt.  I  1-1  il  I'll  '  ■■'  I'.iic 

1-  in  lii'ili  o.isi  N  an  iiim  r  i'!.  ir u'u ati. m.  .i> 
it  wiri-.  -1.1  1 1  lilt  wr.li  mii.  .-iinl  i>i  n-  with 

.irt  i.f 


1  l;ii 


n.  i-  111 


tliiir  nil --..mc^  with  '"  1  lir.s  -ailh  th.  l,.iril"  I 'ii<'  i;"-|'>'.  .•uTi'i'ilinK  tu  Ta-:!.  ti'-  ixpia-ii 
We  bcsecti-  you  on  behalf  of  Christ,  i'   t  'ti;.'  ri-. mi.iu.i.i  ..n  whu-li  !liriiiiL:li..iit  th 


In-  Tint    tri;     :  !i..iM^'i  .;;i!i   In-  l,a-   >o  If.  i|!i.  n!  1\    aiiij  car 
y  >n"r    laiiTf   tn   avpr.  vn.i'r    i'l.jiii-'lv  iii-i  I,  ij.    W'l-  an-  ai'i|!!i;  tnl,  iii-iitui!, 
i:.!i  iif    I'.ii:;'-  !ni-.,i  -'-  ,1-.  t  liii-t's'in  t'i;ri-.l;  l.iil.  in  i.rl.r       !i;i-.  Hi    li.i.l  to 


i-,   fliat   the   work  I'i  (  Iiri 
tt.ilnl 
'111.'  1 


aiiil'.i-    .'1  r    i'i.    Be    reconciled   to    God.        iii  .'li-  mh.    \\  c  .'i  il!  la  i  i   ;        I  n  n 
'Ihi-   il  1-  II. It  iniili:      \^  >oii  I.ii.k  .-it   tlir    i'i'ii;i!i<I  with  lliiii  ami   11:^  i  K.  il.  'i-'u 
rci-1 'iirilii-,:  l"\i    oi'  as  iiia'ii  t'l -i  i  .1  ill  j  ln'l   lli'  ii.''   ti-'   Ir.  i  ii  uliiit  itu  .|  with  lis 

Cliri-t.  i  lciiiM    xmir  lnarK  of  all  lid-iility  j  ain]   miv   -in,     \\  c  i-hiiili    \'.:v    lu  iylils,  Ih-- 


I'.ui^o  lie  ik Miiulid  tu  the  il'.|)th« 
.1  Minisl'  v  ll'itliout  t)th^itsi'  ( vi.  i-io> 

A-  ('lie  to  wliii'il  ri'Oi 'iii'ui.i!  |.  .'1  i\rr\ 
tiling,  i'aiii  I-  |Hiiiii.iri>  .iiiMn'i-  i'mi  tin- 
('i 'nntliia.i-  shoiM  n.i  r.ii.hr  it  ii|.  II.  itm  , 
ill  tlii  ir  .-a-i',  hy  tin  ir  a|iat  In  ' ■,■  .i,  r.  p'  hkt 
I'f  it.  Ho  w.iiii-  ili.iii  .m.iiiiv'  till-  (I. Ill 
fiiT.  shows  li'.w  iMr.-l'il  lu-  has  hii"-rlt  lu  .  ii 
1.1  live  .v.irthily  of  tho  yraci.-  ln-si..w  .  .1  ii|,..ii 
hull  .ind  to  jirtsiiM.  hi-  iiiinisiry  tri.iii  rc- 
tlic  iincnliim  hy  ";<i(>  I  ,'.  >  .•  ci.  .\.  V.):  tlu- j  proacli  or  siisiiicioii.  aii.l  lu'  thus  i;railiially 
Diiiissinn  ,i|  h  u.  vi  r,  ^;i\is  a  tmu  h  I 'Ifi'ls  int."  .1  tiohli-  an. I  clo'iiKiit  staicin.  iit 


ail.l  .lis'iii-!.  111.'  Ill .  iiiili.i' :. .;.  1.11,.  I  I 
fn  l.  ii     hv     (,  //,i,,.v,         (  \i  Is.     iS.  im. 

one  wliiiii  w.'  rt.'i  .vi-  (K  'Hi.  v  II  >.  'I  liv 
[ihia-.'  tlu  i.t..ri'  III.  .111-.  X.  iTMt  tlir  r.  ii'ii- 
nhiiiiiii  ]iii.\  iili'il  li\  (i.'il:  I'  will,  a.'- 
Ci  |'t    It   all-  '  .!  .  ..'   :.'   (/'  ..'.  aii'l    th.  ir 

iii.-lili!\  an.l  <ii  tni-l  ar.-  .ii-.ir'n  .1  a 
I-.  111-.  .  j  II.  I1.1-.  I  l-i<  a;  1"-  ;!  .  .1  r.l  Ill's  '-  111'  ir.' 
tli.iil  .-1  ui'M-val  .-il'p'.il  •■!  ill"  ri.i-.  iir.  1  1 1 1  ■! 
\vi'i-li|  r  ^^>l7.ol)^■.  \rr,  \i!<:  il  hul  im  il'iiihl 
a  s|.i  .-iiic  ai-iilK-iit  ii  .11  w  tliiii  ill.-  C'.ii  mi  hian 
i  liiii  i  ll  I       vi.  I.  \i,  .5 ). 

21.    .^.iiii.-  MSS.  o iiiiu'ct  this  V.  r-c  with 


tii'Ti'  iitij>r.-s-i\ c  s,  111,  iK-1%  it  iiiaki'S  the 
f.int.-nts  ot  till-  Vd's,-  siaiiii  lii  |.!l\  out  as 
an  in.K  pi-iiilnit  sunimary  of  I'.i  ,;'s  ov.!:!- 
h.-.il  iiu  -  .,;.:i-.  Him  who  knew  not  sin 
He  made  to  In-  sin  on  our  behalf  t  >t«p, 
I.  M  l  1  11  that  WE  II?"*!!!  might  become 
the  righteousness  of  God  in  Him.  r...th 

111   point   of   slvlc   ,i!i,I   ,,|'   !!,  .i;l;1i!.   li.is  s.ll 


f  his  cnnlili-t  .iiiiid  tin-  stiffi-riiii^s,  jxr- 
s.-i.-iiti..ns,  ami  niisiindorstanilniij-.  iiicnKiital 
111  his  niinisiry. 

I.    I'a!:!  is  IH.I  only  an  amhassador  (v. 
-.'o)   hilt  ;i  Ti-i.;/.-,-;-,  thoii^'h  his  \m.iK  t.ik.-s 
till-  form  largi-iy  of  r'if/i.(/.\-    And  work- 
ing together  we  also  entreat  YOU  ( '  Mat, 
II  i-mpliatu-  p..siti,iii  ;it  .-lul  ,,f  scnti-.u-o 


toiu-i-   is   fMriiiuly    hol.l.    I'aiil   il.ics   i,(.t|tiiis  is  a  .lir.-.t  an.l  spt-cial  appial  to  the 

' '  "liiitliiatis :  i-f.  \i-r.  ii.  wlu-rt-  thoy  are 
iln  i  -iiy  ailih .  s-i-,1 )   not  to  receive  the 
grace  of  God,  .is  innnifrstcd  in  the  recoii- 
.-ili.  l-.iii  .if   w-iiich    I'aiil    lia-    iii-t  !;,.),, 
.......in,    .  i.  i  ,'.  ,  a, .- ,  , ,     li,    u.i-    not    ai"!  in  vain.    It  is  otTi-ri'd  fi.,-!).  Ii-r  n  i-  rc- 

iiiiihl  111'!  ha\.'  hi  .11  ni.id.-  a  siniur,  hn;  llc  .'.  u.'l  i"  J.'.'ii,  nnU'sii  the  n-iipu-iit  allnwu 
was  cimipletcly  ideiitiiicd  with  liiinian  .'in : ! 't  to  control,  inspire,  and  friicfify  his  lifp. 


■ay  th.it  Ji-sii-  was  maiK-  a  siniK-r  nor  e\.ii 
a  sill  ,.j|,riM.'.  II, ir  d. us  lie  s.iy  thai  \vi-  h. 
eoiia-   ri..  hi,  •  lis ;   he  says  M>iiu'thiiii.;  iiiii,-l 
■  'I. .mill. r    -  I'-i.s  W.I.   iiia.li-  >'.'i.  a-:'l  w 


(  H.  VII 


II  (•OHINTIIIANS. 


ir.i 


triH-  .1      ••••       .11.,!  :v  ,  !       !.    •  •   -  tr     1„.  •        i  ;  I 

,!<■.■  I'ti-ii  liri;i  ;  I. li. i.   a    i.   !       .    ,    ,   ,  ,  i  i,,,.'  ... 


.,  ■    I'.iiil  -    \rv:-:  It    •  ■  ; 

I  i :.■  \  1  : »c  -  I !  .It  !■  •*!.  w .  u     !  ■ 
'  I  \  r  II.  1  i''t.  n-i'  in  .un  ! 

lu  It.hI  II'  I  Ti  f  -  r>  ■  i  v 
u  .1^  \\ :  !"i  II  I.irm'  111  !;.•■ 
V        \\'  I'  h  !;«•  li.i<!  !••  TM.  !.-, 
!•  •  i.f.i.-;.  \,  :  •  •  •  t 

il.ir   tr-.r.-  i;'.   '.lu  i,r 

li,,'^  111  I  u  ri'i'<:\    'i  \<   \-.  i;.  ■  i| 

.'.■.ir  u'l-r.i    i'    :!  .  !  :■!  ri  i  <,>-, .rtt  • 

'.  .  «   rl,'.  s;  !••  li    •     thr  t'  •!•!.!::•  .- 

;   ;•  •::  -.r  |.v..'.i:  Iv  (,  ..1  il;:-  .'i     ,  :    |  i  , 

<»'.  .•I-  l;>  Ir    r.iiil  .1.  ■•  ~   w'-  |l      1  ■ 
I  .    !  1  -  ■  .;  1  t'  •      I  ll;-  '.iiijli  i;:iii  i  t  i,>  i'.^ \'l 
,  ■  • . ,    •    •..  '  ,  ,ii 


1  :  1-   j'ff  !  \v         :,|     |.    .         ....       I  . 

.      Ill  ;  (     I  •  !:■        -  .  , 

t_  )•  ••   '-tlu ......t  •.,  ....I. 

''•  '  '!'"■  'I   'i;<-   1        '  Ui\    ..I    I  j.i 

:    ,  r  .If     -  :  .  ..\    ,.  ...  1  .1     ,,    •  ,  j. 

I    '1  IVt!'!  u  ,11   r  il'l  in  1  1  .   ,  .  ; 

.iin    '  .'■  1  .    i..r     '  ,.'m; 
I'l.  .11    I. .    .1.  .  .  ;it    !!■ .  .1. 
11'  1  -  .   .1-.  • 

r    VI  an 


■I 


1" 


I.I.Mr 

•  i  •!  II. .111 
li.- 

i'..:  ilu- 
I  1  1 .■.  II 

•  •If    i!-,.  ir 

r. -t  II- •! 
•■.  .,\.  1.1 

'"•"''ill,  but, 

.1111. 


•1 


I' 


1  i  ! 


1    iM       ■  I 

2.  1 '..r.  11!  1.  !  li-.llly  I'.llll  in- f  .  .-1  ',1 
r'.'ii   ti".  ni   l-.i'..!i  .'^    1 ■  ^'i  .1  ]n  : 

!  .ij'^  Ii\   l!u  lit    \:.\-  J11-'   11-.  li  .''iiirrfn. 

,  f    ^»^Tu.  1   i!,-i-ii,.!        ri  11111'. I  111-  ri.i.l.  r, 

I  .t'    (In-     I'  .llv     I'l'    .!'  1  1\  ,    ,11!. I     1  IMlil'  .r!.!!!!-. 

.  'l'  .1  -ituH  rc  ill'. .  ;'!,ii!  '  .  !  ■  ,  L' !  .1,  I'  I  .f 
''•  ■<\  (IT.     For  Me  saith  ii.   1  .:  >i-i';. 

I  -.ri  i 

At  an  acceptable  time  I  hearkened  unto 
thee. 

And  on  the  day  of  salvation  I  helped 
thee. 


I'- 


In  I-;ii;i!i.  tli.  -.'  \\..ri'.s  .-in-  .iiMri'^^cil  t" 
(111'  -vr\;iiil  I't  j.ii'  \  .ili.     It  1..  II..'  iK  v'l --.-It  V 

••;i|>i»".o  til. It  |':i",l  r.  -  ir.'.  .1  ■]..  i:\  ,i- 
I'l  I'll'  no;  !:<•  .i  \  .lii-  I'liii-  i  ..|  •!..  .m.-i.-  i 
w.'iil-  pr.  l.,il.l\  ..Illy  l.i'i, 111-1'  il;. ',  |i,i]i|.i!\ 
rsjui^-  ill-  ini-.i:':im.  I  iii-  Ii  li-i.'M  nl  r.ui' 
l.ili'iir.  ;i-  In  ui'ti.,  n  r.i' :  ir.illv  mh^ 
Li-'.ii  liy  till-  ,1'  r!i]it  .III  I  1.].  tt.ij  iViur- 
'hi!:  i-f  :i  i,-u  >■•!>.  .  !'  '  \  \~  ' 
Kehold.  NOW  is  the  "  iKceptahle  time"; 
behold.  NOW  is  the  day  of  salvation.'. 
.V.j/;,;;  !,,,■  !,..ii  i,i..iiu!it  i,v  CI::;-',  .t,,l  1, 
i-  1  !ir  (.'■'  ■  1-!  ,111  .i ' -M.'ii-    :,  ,11.  r;, 


in  everything 

•  '      •  '     i>  .'-  i'-i"'!.  il  "II  111  |,..,iii\f 

•  "11  t  ,1  111  .  I'l  ,'  -1,1,  .  commending  our- 
selves, as  God's  ministers   -'  .11  —  n.'t 

.  "111111. -i;.!!!'!;  ,..ir-,!\,-  .,.  (,  ,r.  nuir-ii-rs 
lulii.'li  U'.ii'l  I'l  .u  i«.i»-ori,  a.-.  ;i-.it',  \,  •' 1 .  l.iit 
I'. 'ii'iiu  ini'-'i;       .,:ir-.!w.,       .,,  tniiii-lirs 

I  ilia/.Ol-m.  Iii.ni'll   )   i,f  (,,,i|  ,,n.,;l;|  (.  i  r.  '  1 1 1  n  Ir  m  | 

'!i  'n-rl\  -.  'Ihr  iiiiiii^iiv  .iiTil  tiir  iiuni^ifr 
II' •-!    .ilikf   lit'   .il.i  \e   rrpri.ai  li .    n  -hUsst- 

4.     hi     pr.  i-ri-ihlli;     III    xh.r.v     till'  tii.iiiv 
in    u   11  li    hr   ••  fi.iiini' ml- "  InriNflf, 

I'.inl     (IrVi  1,  ps.     U'tll     -illlp'r     r'.ii|;;,  I,,-,,,  ,t 

LTapliir  s!v.  ii'li  ,,i  i!.,.  ,■.  i :. ini'l-T 
uiiii-ii  ,iiiil  till-  *p  lit  ill  wliii'i  lir  iliii'.  Ins 
.ip.i-'.iiii-  v\..rk  .-i  sk' n  !i  uiii'li  ri  lUMiiK 
!i-  lit  tin-  r. .ui'.ilc  ill  »it  i.tiiiii  III  IV  II 
'  .1  I  t'  .r  i\  ii  i  !i.  nii.i  w!ik-li  u  iiinrt' 
liiiiiily  <  l.ili"r  I'cl  111  \i  -'j-.(.t.  'I  tu.  cir 
i-i!!r-!.ltirr-.    Ill    l!;,'    \',..irk,    tlir    iipp. -it  ii  iti. 


i  I 


•  .-titiii'i.  p.ii.i.  h.iril-liip-,  .nil!  pru.iti.'iis 
ii.i'i    I"    .  n.-iM!!ittr   .irr    i|.  ,i|',    uiih  iti 
-'  •  .J  .I-  'I  5  III  ;i      rii  s  lit  phr.i-t vac\\ 
.,!  -i  i  .|   1-v   'V;   tlii  -i'   wi  ri-   nil  t    in  a 

.  'I'    .V,'.',(.I  '  J.v/)I,',f.5 

'       .1;  i'li.i.ri.ii,  Iv 

Iv      •!,!-      Il'lt  ill- 

■,'!'l".';t    lin-  iT 


r    -i.Tii  .  ,| 


,      ,  ■■'■'•  :ii!.i  il. 

Ii"ill  "II.  li.r.  ;  III.  liiii.  ill  7  tt  )  I'l't  ,  1  jriw.ui'i)  .  v.'  ,'1  1-  In.i. 
llir  ,\iirii  iiii-  l!i.'  iT'.r.il  rll.  .  t  .1  l...!,i\,  m.  .' :  .n,  ,1  |n-i.  It  \,,;- 
lirr;iil-r.  till  till'  r.  tniii,!^  .•il;,i!,i  "I  l'!iii-i         .  "'inn, ml.  . I    hi-    i  nn  u\ 

U-l".  V.  H'l  '111'  itiiK-  i>  -!i"ri  ,1  (\.r.       .:••.]    !;.,  ,■    1„  ,  n  p.    n  pr-uoli 

^"  ...  ,     .  1  ..a'.")"!),  \.  r    !i     In  much  steadfastness; 

3,  4.     \i!rr  till-  p  irniilii -I-  .  itinli.i-i,--i",;  li",  ,,.  ,,    ,,1,,,..,  ji,.,! 

tlu'  imp.. fan. -r  ..f  .111  iiiitm  .iiair  .i::.l  -n  •..||.iu,  w '  ,'1  1  i  ■  ■  ',  „,f..  ..r.'iiips 
ccro  ai-r.  pi.iiii'i;  ,.t  tlii'  j:t  |,-,'  ,,t  („.,|.  I'anI  ,.|'  tlitrr;  1 1  in  tribulations  1  !:t  cni-li- 
«.M's  'in  Id  iii.li.;iir  tin-  in.ip,  r  .,f  ill-  UAH  .  i,i«- ).  in  necessities,  in  distresses  — 
iiiinistrv.  the  M.int  m  uln.'.  I,r  ••  00  .  .p  S\ . .,-.!-  mil-^  ,i«  th,-  pi.-.itrr  ;,n.l  i-,,n. 
ri;itit|  Willi  (kkI:  giving  no  cause  at  all  -'r  iitit  .if  .  ir.  iiiti-t:iii  ,  -  in  vir-n.  ,,1  uin,  li 
for  stumbling  m  anything,  that  the  1  .  h  ■,.  is  -..m.  lini,  -  .in-,:,  in'i,  ,  ■  .,,rr.rv 
my  >  ministry  b«  not  exposed  to  reproach,  pi..-  -  I  lir  prr\:iilin«  i,i, ^t  i-.i,  y 
1  aiil  knows  that  there  are  criticiil  ami  nil- ; -.i.\ -,   "i.   ni   prc>-iire   .nii.l   ci'iiiiiKnieiit  - 


1G2 


II  CORIXTniANS. 


[Ch.  VI 


S  In  stri])cs,  it)  iiiniri>i 'Tiiticltl--.  in  tii- 
liinlt-.  in  l.ili"iir^.  in  vs :it.  Intii;-.  in    istinK^  : 

(.  I'.v  piiMiirv..  |>y  knii»k-<lK<-  ly  lonj;- 
Mitlriui^;.  li>  kni.hif-s,  Jiy  the  Holy  (ihoM, 
bv  |o\f  )inliiKn<il, 


;  l!v  iHo  wonl  <>f  truth.  I>y  tlii-  power 
nf  del.  I.v  tho  ^irin.Hir  •>(  riiilitooiisncss  on 
till'  ri^lit  liaiul  .md  on  tlic  Ult. 


in 

iiKinv 
into  f 


each  staKC  Ihihk  iiarrowi-r  than  the  one 
before.  Ml  lli.it  no  room  is  left  for  move 
niellt  or  eMM|>e." 

5.  rite  n<  \t  uroiip  H')  i-i  m<ire  -iieiitu- 
ami  cl.linite;  in  three  Kraphi.-  «.ir.l-  «e  M-e 
how  ki.-n  an<l  eriiel  w.i-  il..  md]). -il n .it 
Taiil  IkkI  10  ciKN  ■niitir.  :ini|  wii.it  il  i'"-t  M 
he  :in  J"  Stripes,  mu  h  ;i-   w  ri- 

;„lni:iii-l.  1.  .1  I..  \'a  '.\  -avA  Si:..-  al  I'liilii.!  ! 
(  A,!-  N\i  in  imprisonments,  -  uli  ,1^ 

lu'  li.i.l  .i'.->  '"  incliirr  .11  i'lnlii.i.i  .ilt.r 
the  -Ii'i'i  -  tl"       tlu  -e  ..iv;ii  I..,  ■.jlur 

.M     ■■  ulu  11    llir\    li.'il  lai'l 

f,  s   u;          I'lu  in.    tlu  y   iM-t    !!;■  m 

'i;  »,  in  tumults,  ~i  .  h  .1-  ili-it 
.siirrnl  up  .-u.'ii'-t  I'anl  and  l;.irii:iha>  at 
AiuxM-li  in  I'l-Hh.i  (Ai-t>  Mii_.  S"]- 
dxarcKjraniai  It,i-  hi  t  ii  umli  i  -Ii m m!  of  Paul 
uns.'ttU.l  !if.  .  a  c.  rl.i!;!  lolur  is  jineii  to 
this  e\|il:iti.ili-:i  1>  tli«'  ii^e  of  the  veil. 
o(TTaToiM"'  in  I  t  oi.  i\.  II,  whieli  i>  eoupleil 
,is  here,  with  the  alea  of  "toil"  i  AoiriuM**". 
<V  horoit)  :  I -It  the  g<  leral  n^ai-e  of  the 
tu'UH  in  the  New  Te-^tament  ( .•.'iinai.'n.  as 
ill  I  Cor.  xiv.  .i.f.  tumult,  a^  sn  I. like  xxi. 
y»  i>  not  favorahle  to  tin-  iiiii  r-intation 

.■\s  the  -eiond  uro-.ip  1 »  lii  ilt  wiili  the 
sufTeriiiKs  Paul  had  :  •  .  •  ■!        ir<  ni  d.  t.  r 
mined  opiioneiits.  tin    lliid       >  d.al-  with 
the  ImmIiIv  I;..-!  ':i:>'-  uliieh  lie  \ .  ■!  nil.i' ;ly 
took  upon  in  labors —  li.ii.i  u  ak, 

perhap-    i,i,iiiii.'l   1  \>  's  wiii.  ,!  '   lnU  trh';i' 
l.;ii.l\   llir  I  .  1.  I.  !u  ,■       lc.        til..-  -ir.  n 
,,p, invK'ii. . 'k  for  tii.- 
in  watchings,  pr.  Iial'ly  tfi 
r'.:(    \\  i\.  all 
\>d  t-r'r.nil 
!    (  \.ts  w. 


have  crii-hrd  tin-  ht<  "Ut  in. my  .1  iiiaii,  hut 
tiiriii>lieil  I'.iul  Willi  an  ■  .pp.  .rtuiiii>  !•>  di-)d.iy 
the  |i.iii--i-inili  iil  ipi.ilil)  I'l  111-  n;iu  r  lih  It 
i,  liv  till-  tli.i!  he  i  hu  lly  "  e. .miiu  inN  hiui- 
-ilt  a-  a  niiiu^-.r  ..l  <i.'d"  in  hi-  K'  lural 
iiiwari!  purity,  tliMU),:!!  tin  re  tn.i\  not  im 
p..--ihl\  !■!■  a  lalnit  t.t.niKe  t"  hi-  eha- 
Iily  ~  -  ill  'h;>  r.i-e  'lu  re  wuild  he  a  -nhtlo 
nl.iike  of  the  -li.'r.d  kiMly  ..f  the  Corin- 
ti^;,,i!>,  in  hi-  knowledge,  peottliarly  in- 
l;ir,..!>   .111(1  |.r.it..mi.i.  el  tl.e  gn-JH-l  and  the 

i^raeiou-  will  of  (i.'d;  in  the  long-suffer- 

ing  \vlil>'h  he  manife-ted  amid  per-eeutmn 
,,nd  in-iili ;  in  his  gentle  Idackiess;  in  the 
holy  spirit,  in  love  unfetgRed.  in  the 
word  of  truth,  in  the  power  of  God. 

I  he  TiKt  Htit-th  Cnituiy  .\  ,  u-  I ,  l.iiiu-nt 
neatly  render-  the  la-t  f.  air  (.Ina-i-  thus; 
"tW'e  rei-.  iinniciiil  «air-ilw-  .1'-")  hy  a 
-piril  wliirli  1-  huly.  i  l"\e  uin.h  i-  -in 
i.ie.  a  t^■,l^ill^^;  uliiili  i-  ti:ie.  and  ;in 
eiier^v  wliieli  1-  diMiie."  r.\il  it  m.iy  he 
donht'ed  whelh.  r  llie  w  ord-  ^ari 
a~,iu>  nn'.^lit  iii't  til  In'  n  luh  red  "  111  tli,- 
holy  spirit"  ("1  lU-iiliTuiu  the  prrirdini; 
words.  \,liK'li  e\p!. ipiali'u-  ol  I'a.il'- 
u\,ii  iiiiuT  life,  tin  re  1-  ernaiiity  .1  -lron)|r 
!.'ii')i'a!  n 'li  I"  tr.m-laie  "  liy  ii  holy  -.piril  " 
■  lli.il  1-.  li:-  iiiuii-iry  w.i-  eh.ir.aclen.'ed 
liv  .1  li..l  'i,      ,,f  spirit'    Hut  it  1-  p<  rhap 


ri  t; 


•  I, 


U I 


pr( 

nou-  Willi 
Ho~p,r-  -. 
V1H1I-,  l"'t 

the  ni^hl  ioi'.  \.  ai  '>  u  i-  iir.  ■  '1 
ill   l  i-   mini  irx    ot    ila  '^^.--pi 
.?i  1  .    in    fastings,    ■nuai.;!!    ii    1   -    1"  ■  n 
aiu  I'  d  on  liie  i  .i-i-  ol    \i.  -i!   a  di-- 

tuu-!i  Ml    IP'!  . I    In-    dr.,\M!    l.i  '  .Min  t.i-ting 
and   Ir.-ai'Ji  r.   aiai   tl:  '    ill   'a.    p.i-.aee  he- 
fore  11-  \ol.uil.irv  f.i-ti!-..,'.  .1-  .1  -It  iinio-ed 
di-.  iplnie.   i-  ill!,  n. led.  it   i-  inon-  proh.dile 
Ih.ll  the  wor  !      ir  1      proh.d.ly  .,!-..  in 
J71   1-  pr.u-'.ii  ,K>   .  ipnv  ali  ut   I..  "' Ininuer 
X,       1!,.;!   e.iJi  of  ill.    n  le  ii  'iitis  in  all 
thr.v  ^;ronp-  i-  in  the  plural;  the  impli- 
eatiiMi  i-  that  the-e  hard  e\l>erieiue-  were 
i-idale.i.  hut  freqitetit  and  f.nnili.ir 
6,  7.     The  next  eisht  plira-e-.  lik.  the 
preeedmu  ten.  are  iiitrodiieed  hy      ;  '"it 
thev  ar.  of  a  different  nature    They  ni.lt 
oate  not  the  cireiiiiistances  of  hi-  tnii'  'r\, 
but  its  spirit.   Those  liardships,  whieh  wonld 


oil  ihe  u  .  le.  uioie  ii.itiU'.d  *. 
lio'.v  -pini  a-  the  sonri-e  i>f  the  moral 
(|n,iiitie>  111-1  emaiieiateil.  and  in  partieular 
of  ihe  /.':.'  nnicuned.  tin-  Kre.atest  of  the 
\irini-  (I  (or  xiii  !  whieh  iniinediately 
l.,I|,.x\-  I  li,  re  "a-  no  hypocrisy 
, 'il  1  Tr(.^()^TuJ  I  .ilinnt  I'aiil'-  lo\ e  :  it  was  not 
i.i  m,isk  to  hide  other  feeliilK-.  He  ^'''nr- 
nieiids  him-elf  "in  the  word  of  trntii 
tin-  lia-  heen  taken  t"  mean  "hy  speakinn 
what  \-  true"  (  ef  Twent.  Cent.  N  <  u  1  e-t 
ju-t  ipiiited):  hut  there  i-  iioihiiii;  in  the 
t-r.iinniar  to  keei>  it  froni  ni.  iimr.:  'iiply 
in  til,-  ^..■.^/.■/■  this  ■■-  'he  w  d  'nth. 
it    is   also   t'r.r   /•  .  '    lo'i-'       I  'a  l.i"''r 

phra--c.  howe\iT  t"  '  nia\  n  li  r 

to  the  powtT  with  wlmh  r.nil  proelaiiii-  hi- 
jtruih — a  p<mer  whieh  ha-  its  si>nrcc  in 
!(",od 

!      The  i-iuht.  ;  n   phra-e-   intt..dtieed   hy  fv 
ilii.M.    .J.,,-  pi.s-' to  three,  prel'.ue.l   \'\  3ia. 
wlaeh   Inrther   ill-i-I r.it.-  the  w  ay   111  wlneh 
i'.inl   ••  eonmi.  n.K  ■■   hnii-^ilt   .111. 1   In-  niin 

i-trv  -    I  ot  onh    n;  li.' rd-Inp-.  11  nK  hy 

the  inner  quality  of  his  hie,  hut  by  nuans 


Ch.  VI] 


II  rORIXTHlANS. 


163 


S  Uy  liDiiour  and  dishonour,  by  evil  ro- 
pi.rt  iiiid  Kood  re|K»rt ;  a»  dcccivtr*.  and  >«•/ 

trtic ; 

9  As  unknown,  and  yet  v^cU  known;  as 


<l>iii>{.  aii'l,  I'lhoUl,  uc  live;  .t.  c!i.i^Ioiic<I, 
I  and  n<  it  killi  il . 

I  lO  .\>  -"rtcA  till.  \'l  ,il«.iy  rf;o',  ill-; 
j  n.itiuiiv:,  anil  \,-f  i   .ili  tliilli;- 


■It  ( Hid  I  tlic  weapons  of  righteousness 
on  the  right  hand  and  on  the  left.  l'.iur> 
(,.  hn^li.iii  lilt  1^  .1  ^ii  Mn^ic,  a  l..ii:U'.  .r.n! 
I'lif  ihi^  lu-  lU'iiU  .irith'r-  an  iili.i  iii;;i  li 
II,. 'ft-  I'.'.Us  t  l.il"  ■rail  i|  m  i-i'li.  \i.  lo  17. 
111-.  \\(al".n>  all  \\i.cii.mi>  ,  m^.'i/,-,.ii,mi.  .,v, 
tl-.it  i>.  ^Mpiiliiil  li>  riKii:> ' 'U^ni.-^^.  'r  p<  t 
h.i|p-  i- iii^i-;  iiiv;  in  I  iKlit<'"ii^in^>.  Ili^ 
I  liai  .il  111'  iiiiiWinu,  ni  i-.iur^r,  I'luni  t!.i- 
-iiirir,  M  r.  ii>  1^  ci|;iiliiiiriil  :  it  I'li - 
iii>lii-  iniii  uilli  \Ma|"Mis  iitTcii^iv  liki'  tl'.i- 
.-•weird  and  tlic  vpiMr.  mi  Ihr  rif^ltt  ii,ii:,t, 
and  dili-ttM\o,  like  the  shivid,  en  the  I,:: 

8.  1  hf  i"»  (if  llic  next  twii  i!aii-i-i  lia^ 
hardly  the  >.imi-  miim-  a^  in  tlu-  fn-l  t  lau-r; 
not   .-<>  nnirli   "  liy    nu  ans   (ilV   lr.it  ra'.llrr 

through,  tli.it  1^-.  ,111,  ,/.  glory  and  dis- 
honor, through  evil  and  good  repute,  I' <  .1 

CtMiinu'iiils  liiiii-ilf  and  lii-  ninii-lrv. 
"  \\  lutluT  nu'ii  ini!v;i'  well  ot  tliic.  t.r  ill. ' 
^.ly-i  riiiiiii.is  a  Keiiipi^,  ■■  tluui  art  imt  I'li 
th.it  .•u\-"iiMt  i''iiir  than  ll!>-.!f."  ."-^.i 
uiu'tiur  ir.Mi  .-r  "'i''.'  (<''■'.'"!""  1  r.inl 
nr  111.  he  c  ■iiiiiuiiiU  il  hrii-M  if  a^  .1 

iii;i!:-t<  r    "I    (i-.i.     I  la  ir    UcTiN    v.  i-re  .1 
ei  II  i.  iNiti    11. .'    1 .1    h:Mi    h'lt    I  It    t ;  '  ill-.  '\  ■  -  . 
tlK>    r.M.il.  .1    ii.it    ih.    tnuli    a!"'iii  1'. 
Iiil!     iheir     c  1.MI     all  r  !ule     1. 1    tin     K"  I"  ^ 
Iliri'Mnh  ,i;l..r>  .iiid  il, -!;. .11. ir.  tlir..ii;;h      ■  .1 
a::il   i\il   re|rile.   lie   unit   -Um.IiIv   ..n   '  :^ 
w  i>.  .  '  .iiiiiK  ii.hiit;  hi-^       -I'll  l.v  'il-  I'.ila  .• 
..;;!.!    ;.i:t:':..    !■>    hi-    Iri.hn    .11;. I  lii\e 
!■  len.'d.        ih''  r  ■ '-ti. \\!:i.  !i  i;:-.K.l 

l.i'ii  I  m  the  ri.:.;ht   ii.i:  .!  .iml  .  .n  t'  i    !•  !' 

9,  10.  1  he  ri'tna:i'iim  ehn-.  -.  u  '  |.  '  !■• 
~i  M  n  Ml  niuillii  r.  lake  an  a!il:::  l:e  i.>t!r.. 
ami  are  e.u  li  iir.r.  "iiua  >|  liy  «!.  1  iii^  j;!"'  ;. 
emieliule--  the  iK -eriji'.inu  >it  the  way  ni 
wliuli  I'.inl  .■iii'l  tluwe  like-tnii.iled  with 
liHil  e. imnielidetl  theni^elve-..  l!aeli  ..f  :h.- 
el.:;i-.^  e..i!tra-;--  the  ..piu  aranoe  with  the 
ih  eper  re.ility.  As  deceivers  —  I  .■  h.el  h.-.  11 
eh.irned  with  liandlillg  the  w-ird  "t  d.i.l 
il.eeii fully  ( iv  J,  cf.  ii.  17)  — and  >.  t 
true;  as  being,  in  the  v|iiii.tul  jii.li::'i.  le 
(■''  'i!-  («ii])i.neiit>.  unknown  and  iih-.. -iri  . 
■■ulth.iiit  |ir(iper  eredenti;ils,"  and  _\>l.  .1 
I'l.iH.  r  i.f  faet.  well  known,  ami  aeki;.  uh 
!  ;.;.<:.  .1111. 'H.i;  all  true  hehever--,  hy  '  ;!•. 
)iii-,\.r  ..|  I'j.nl"  i\er.  ~)  whieli  wro'-e'! 
aii.l  ^iM.ke  (V.  201  ^0  iiiaiiih -i!v  lli.. 
hint    As  dying,  and  BEHOLD  i  I  ,  -, 

\!  J>.  tar  fr.'-ii  .l\ine.  we  live  U't  1'-, 
ew  iii     17 1     We  a'n  ady      '  ii  e--w 

the  hazard^  of  the  api)-.tle'>  careei  tnined 


111!-  hie  hii'.ilii  ai'.i  .1  e'liii'iii.il  |it.>e<--  .  f 
liyin^;  1  .         1  i  i  ■   .  n  hi  .11^1;. i;  htm 
tiiiir^   !..   tiu       air    .  .1    .!.  ,ith    1  1       >  lie 
l.'.'ke.l  like  .1  ni.iii  nuike.l  l..r  .jia'h, 

a!.. I  !ll>  elli  11:1  .  W  illi  ha^e  ui-!...l  hull 
.1.  ...i.  hat,  I,.h.,|d'  he  11,.  hy  Ml!:,,-  of 
thr    aiv;:;.  I.h     "1:1,    i.|    J.  --in"   w  hi.  h  wa-. 

Ill  h      .1.    I'li     As  being  chastised,  and 
yet  not  killed.    II;-  ..pj  .1:1.  iim>  haw- 
pi  -11".  il  t. .  hi>  ,,!!;■.  ;!■     -        '   i,.r  .Mai.-  a^ 
pri  iil   lh.it   hi    u.L'   iHi':  !    !:,.■   l:.-..v;.  hand 
■if    <i.ii|,     Paul    l|.l<^    111. I    iliiiy    till-  ilivinr 
j  .li-eiphiii-  lef.  Ml.  Ji)--lhi^  I-  a>  real  a* 
[the   ■  living  "  i  f  the  pr<  \i..n-.  ehui-e  —  Init, 
i  111  wiiiiU  ^iim;e«t,  (l  hy  I'-.ilni  ewiii    I.S.  - 
he  II'. I  i:|,iiiK         "he  1-  ir-!  heiiii;  ileiuered 

I'MT   t.<  ile.ith. '   As  being  grieved  not 

li'Iy  ill  the  e-tiiii.iti.'!i  nt  lii~  1  .p|niK-iits, 
hat  in  re.ihty.  yet  rejoicing  evermore;  as 
paupers,  yet  enriching  many;  as  having 
nothing,  yet  having  in  n  ,  ^     xnirn  1  .,  , 

»e--;<  n  1.1  all  things.  !•  •>  •'':-  hi.  r.il  trii:li 
that  I  '.ml  w  .1^  i"  '  -r."  ..  .I  "  h.el  11.  -thim;  ," 
he  ,  VI  n  ri  ti: -I  .!  ;■ .  ,  ,1!  i.in..,,  ii  .•!  <\-.,  -ap- 
I'.'it  wi.i,  i:  h,:.I  .1  lu'  l  t.i  .1.  niail.l  fr..in 
the  .(  .  .rurl.i.in  .l.  .  ;i  1  !  « .r  i\  ij  - 1 S  •  ; 
>.t  111  hail  li  .'e  u.i-  a  .hh.  .if  iiiiu  r 
ii-..!!ri'e  i.l  \\  (1.  7?,  .iii.i  unli  i!ie-e 
, -li.ii^iial  Kill--  he  w.i^  ,,l.lr-  T.i  iiineli  ntlu-r^, 
!.\'..!  Ihi.ii-h  he  h.iil  iii.!!i-iil:.  In-  \.t  h<  1,1 
i         X-i  >:r.i.'-'r  ti..,n  a/,   -han!.  .  .ill 

tia'!--:-.  VM!.-  i  |.'r  he  w.i--  Chii-t>  (I 
I  ..r.  111  J  ,  1. 


Il  ■-  ■•    I  .h-rf  -I  t  •  w  i-.  h  li  e  hi  !i;h|i  to 

iwhu  h  r,  ur.eh;  ri-i  s  fi..'n  ilu-  --iinp!  ■ 
-'.alein.-nt  t  li.it.  f.  -r  t  he  -.ike  1  if  In  -  mini -!  ry,  he 

;  1-  e. ireful  to  "lt.  e  im  .ffiii-i-  m  aiiythiiij;," 
1  r.  .in  "hi-.  ni."li  -t  aiii!  iii  i'.itu.  ntt- r.iiiee 
h-    p..---e-  to  th.-  ]!  -;-i>.e  -■.'  iian!  lli.!;  he 

jiii.iki-  .1  p-'iiit  i.f  1-.  •laineii.  ;r  him-.f  m 
e. ,  i-y  ti  llie.  .1-  .1  nvii-'-r  ot  i,.iil  -hi.ni.i  i!'- 
I  il:  n  tin  r,'  tl.i  -!  i'-i  ■!!  h  -1'  hi^  w  ii-  .le 
.1;-  -'.ihe  e.ire.  r,  \\  'ii  i'!..  ir.    v.irl.ty  ,'f 

1' X  ,'!;•!.<• :    la-   -■•I'.i-ys    11.    11    r.ipid  and 

i  hi  1  .ill, I'  --     i  li  .  'ii     .-.     'ii'iehii!;;     oil  the 

I  t',,  •  i-ril,  -X   I.f    •    .     ,       i  ■   a,.!!   hr   h,|i|    to  ell 

•  I  ■;'!!•-  r.  ai-d  ''  .  -  I.f  |!  .-  h.ii.i-h  ;.- 

,  h-'  '-  ii|  1. i  l  e-l  •:  i     •'  .  t|  i.n   '  1  e   -pi!  a  111 

w  : ■  i,  :    ' i,     h  ,' I    ■  !i  I  ' ■  1  (  •  i.         I    1  11, 1  ■  i ri-il, 

.•I'li!  .1.  '  11  \  I  'i  li   .p.  ti  '  >•  -p."!  the  para' I  -m  s 
i      .!■  .i! h    .■   ■!    lite,    •  ■•  ;>  ■,  [l  a-    a'li '    p,  ,w er, 
-i.rri  '.v    aii'l  p^    '  •       .1111!    tt.-.ilth  — 

whull   wer,-  -o  iiiarvel!-  ii-ly  rieonciled  in 


Til.  VII 


11  i  nl.'lNTIII  ANS. 


Hi':  Ki"ST(  >!>;  \  i  h  *\  -    <  >  i\!  ii  n  \i  '  : 

I  ill.  I  (  il^lX  ,  11!  \  1 


i  \  \  1  > 


■  I!-,  r.i';;     !  i .  ■  M  1  

-  Mt;  i.i:;-      Ml...-.  ■      '      ■  ■      -  .i 

■  .  '        Ii!-  !rv  :  :;;!.|  -i  •  ■     .       '  -   .  , 

■       in  ;■•  tret  w          ■  ■■•  •.  .t  ••    f-:  • 

V.  .T'Tlii.  .iti.I  .  -lu  :.■  a:    'iiu  ■•  !  w  •  • 

■■^  ,1-  .!  t!.-  ni      I  :  ,■           -  ..:      '  ■  -  ' 

l  y     i..i-h  I  i-  •-  !i  •    '  ■■  ..■  '■  r;'  -.  N  w  rr.  ■  rT.ii«"n%e  ir\t 

.        «  f  tl  lu  "-1        •':     .■  •\    I  Similarly  —  i  spt-ak  .i.s  t  ;  »liiliiren  ■ 

...v.t  ..  II  ill  tlif  tu..  .-I-!-!"  -  I-  n I..-         ••  by  YOl'k 

tlu-m  \<\  ii.inii.-  (..-t.  <  i.il.  i;:.  I.  1'!:.!    ■   •    '    cnlai  ^i-intnt     'I  hf.irl 

1 !  !  i.    Our  mouth  is  open  unto  you,  i   ,         i  S 

O  Corinthians.  ii;.r,,-.-  i-       -i-  v  "<.   .     ."  ,  '  •■ 

.1        !!■ ''IMl!    |.  r   "\Vi  -J^'l.t-V  t'»  1-   "  ! 

;!l  llitN            \t  it             -t-  t'.t   v:-.:'.  v\:it!!;th  (  '■  "  i    !■  •    :  : 

.,!■.!    Ir.ir.KiH--   u:ili   uhi.'i   T  >  \>.f.\-  I'-l.    it  i  • 

■^-..^y-h  li.iil  1..  .  -I  V,  Vl.  ;'..■!  1a  ^'ii  I'i-  -■•■!:•'.    I  ^ 

.!lc\    lie  .!•    >•    ••        !!;••..•!  •'  ■•  ■                            •          •  ,      !        ■                    ■ . 

f.  ,  ■',  ,  r       :■  .  .            •>  i.    .\    tr-i.  iim-  -  ■  !  ..        •.  •             ■    ■     :     ■     •         ■  ,t 

u ■          .-I'l-.   ..!        :r-.  .    an    in.l.  \  t-.    !  -  .      ior   .r  !             ■  '               i          .  .■;  .  a, 

!;  ..ft,  f.-.f  ..t.i*  ..i  (!..■  ;■.  "f        I.!  if'  •  !.•  \  -"ii-'f.^i  I'l  ; , .   •  i. 

-!■!  .ikt  t!i  :    lina-f    llu-  .  ii  ■'  ■!  ii: 

:i-    il--    (■■I'lntfr!..!!!.    t'        .•  w,iv:'t 

J:,\vi   -our  heart  is  enlarged.  !      1..  • -i,      !!■  !.•  •       '    ■  '    •  '  ,n 

-.1  f    -1" 'ik.    .Til.ili.-i-.l    .;.rl'    TeTViri  i-Tii  .      ■   '  ,'y   •'  j>iy 

.i-  111'  wr.'-i-  t!u'  \' v-i-  i  ;   '•:  •!    i-       .     '  ■  -.v  i\ 

'  .■   1.  \  .  -  tlictn  u  '         .•!   !  .•    1.   .  ■  .•■   .  •  :  ■  I-.- 

.!i,l  -  -  tpa-    u.mM  ■■■  ■  !■  ;t    I:-    I.  ■,.!..  ^  ' M  ....  ., 

•  tii..tt-.«i  !:a-   I.'.  4.  II    !  ••      >•••..  .%-■!•.■■. ■!  .-.     II     VI       ■  '     •  •■' 

'  ■■.prr.-^l. '!!.    .111'!    hr  ■'       '  •     '-1';!  ■.'        i  '  ' 

f. •   a-^urr    •!•!  <■•   ..f   !!••■  !    I  •  •    t   t!  •  ;  i  1, ■■  ^    I  •  '•  ! 

li  n .    m   !ii  -    '    .irt.     i  '  ■  ■  ■       •      a'     !■■'•;■■  1  -'.  V-  tl  1'  .'i  \-  '  '.  ■. .    '.■  -  i 

w  :.\  -   Ml  hi-   '     ,rt    ( \  r     ;      •     I •  n  •    '••  r  ■ 

,      .  .,r, ,        .  ■   ,1-  •        ■    :  ,-.  •    1:1  ■       .  t 
■••       ,  la-       !        !  .    a  -     :  !    ^  :• 

\t  .1  !|  i!'.       1^  .•■  .   -  •  ■       ■•    I'ii-v     ■    V  >    .•  ■  ...   /       .  .tnli- 

•'  ■  [r   \        ■  ■'^■i   K\  '      '  •  ■       : '    '.    ■  i:     •  "''.'1 

,;   .).  ,        I.    a..  ,         ;     ,     ^  ■ 

.!;'-■■     i  ..11  '  :       i    r  it  is  not  in  us 
that  vou  are  cramped,  it  i-;  in  y^.ur  own  '     '       !     •    •  •     '  '     "    •  1 

hearts.  ••.  •.  »f>.-»t  y-u  ■  i  •  1  ■     ■  •    ;•  •? 

are  cramned.     ■  '     r'  .         ■  •    ■  ...  ,  , 

,1,  ,,         ,,  ..  ,         ,    ■•   ..         t».  I,    ,  ,(■...  :.  . 

warm.  V-'  .a.  a  .  aa..      •  ■  -  a   ■    ■  'il    !'  .•      •!!.  •         '      a    ■      a  l.v 


166 


II  COKIXTHIANS. 


[Ch.  VI 


I.J  \c  not   i:tiii|ii.ill>   N'i'miI  tii^;illiir 

Willi  iiiiIm  liiM  r-  ,  \'T  wli.il  ti  111  ^lii]!  h.ith 
ri^lilri  M-^ii' -»    u"li    mil  .ii-iir»^  ' 

wli.it  < .  •tiiimiiii.  Ml  li.isli  hwlit  «itli  il.irk- 
lu^-  - 

Ati.l  -aIkiI  i..iic..ril  li.illi  I  hri>t  willi 
Hi  li  il  i.r  vvli.il  I  irt  lialh  he  that  In-licvith 
Willi  .III  iiilnlil  ' 


I'l    Ami  wli.it  atrrt  i  Hu  nt  ii.illi  tlio  tt  mpic 
i<{  IiimI  Willi  idiiU'  fur  >  (•  ;irc  tlic  t>Miii>lo 
|<if  tin-  li\in«;  (iiiil;  as  (iod  lialli  >aiil.  I  will 
iiluill  ill  tlii  iii.  anil  w.ilk  in  tln'iii ;  and  I 
i  will  In  tlieir  tiod,  and  they  shall  tie  my 

[H  I  pll-. 


wliicli    'li''>    ari'    ^iirromnU'1,     I'.iil  iiiinu- 
«li.ilt!\    l"|iir<'    I'aiil    Il  ls    liri  ii    r.iiiii -l!> 
liKailinK    li'T    .1    l.iI^'T    pl.u-i-    in    till  .-iltn'- 
liuiis  111  t!ic  I  ■  ■riiil iiiaii-.  m  'In'  p.ir.i- 

jjraiili  lli.il   f"ll"Ws  (Ml      tl  )  llii~  yciiir.il 
lIlKllulll       1.  .11!  mm  i!.  .nil]  the  <i|"  liliin  lllr! 
al'li'il    i-    'l..'i.'iiuhl>    i..jn.iir   t"    t!i..M-  jii 
\ ,  1  .1  -     M    I .(     (  "  111     .■     /  ,  .')/(     I'  T     11^    I , 

i-.Mii  ii  iiif  |i.i--.r.^.'  M.  i.t  Ml  1  '"■  r.Mir-. 

It  IS  .!i!'K'i;li   1.1  -■:]  )..•-■.•  ;n'.  I  riii'liny 

as  It  li-Ms  ill.-  ,  .ii'!i!'.ii:\  1^1  t'  1   i-'.iiliv.i  I'll 

1,1, lli      s;,l,  s,  1-      W   is      Its  ;"itl,ll 

I'.ii!  1.1  lis  til-;  ,  s.iiiiiiu   tlu   I'.i-s.i-r  111. .re 

14.  Do  not  become  unevenly  yoked 
with  unbelievers.  I  lit-  iircsnit  tctiso 
(•>ii'#<T««i  ami  till-  Use  <il  tlu-  wuril  />.•.  nutt' 
iii>ti-a<l  of  I',:  yii-lils  a  iniuli  niuro  uraiiliic 
M'li'ir  tli.in  that  siipnlud  l>y  the  Knulish 
\<r-iiiiis — "(111  111)1  lit  xiiiirsflvr'i  lien iiiii' 
CMitant'Iril     wiih     iiiciiiiRniiiiis     allianrt's.  " 

'rile  al  l  llli!':'  I'f  '111--  si;iM,-il  illillllOtii '!l 
is  M-ry  siii^;;  .;.  ,111. 1.  ill  1!;  ■  ii.ir<-\t,  f\- 
ci\'iliiit;ly  ililVuiili  t.i  f\ii!.;iii  1 1  is  iust 
IKissiliii'  tliat  tlicn-  iii.i>  I"  ..  l'.i.kw;ii.I 
nl.iiu-i-  at  \i.  I.  Ill  wli;>-li  ap.'-iK  li.ii! 
«-iilrcati  ii  lii«  converts  t.i  ,  ii,,-,!  t!u-y  lii.l 
n..t  reeeive  tlie  Kr:\c  ■  l!  Ii-"1  ir,  vain: 
tills  uiiiilil  h.-ipiH  n  It  ill.  V  ill  l  linali 'y  ;illii  d 
tluui-iUis    ui:li    i!u;r    licillii-ii  iu-il;1;1i"!s 

111,-      W'ld      «'7-f(luil  ",(M  ITU,     jukld      Willi  I'll.' 

<if  .-iii..ilur  ,111.1  .litt'i-rint  kind.  reralN 
l..-\ilii!;s  \i\  I'j  (tile  111. -re  s. .  .is  tiure  is 
a  diree!  ipi.  .(.iti.  11  ir-.iii  l-.v  in  \.r.  K'l 
—  "TliiMt  sliah  n-.'  lit  thy  e.iiih-  i;eni|iT 
T>  ('/i  v\here  the  Sv-I>t!iaL'int 

iiM-s  till  .rrr-]ion.!ini;  ndiective  •'■fpoO"><y; 
the  i-t   t'"'  \er-e,   lhini:.^li   tint   Its  1,111- 

>rnai;e,  m-  '1-  ni-iiten 'in 'iiiy  N\ii  in"'l  liint 
sh.ili  iH  '  I'l.'iiLdi  with  an  o\  ;ind  .nil  a'''! 
t..L:e!hi  !  "  The  fiiriuroi,  tinlu-lievers.  are  the 
liiMiliiii  who  i/.i  lu't  the  Cliristi:iii 

^;os^leI ;  for  .1  ("liristian  to  he  assoei.'iti  d 
with  them  would  he  an  ituonnniiV\'  of  the 
same  -ort  when  atiimal-i  of  <IilTerfiit 
kinds  are  voked  toiiether  No  speeitle  al- 
liance is  silK^ested  hy  the  pass.nre.  In  I 
Cor.  V  10.  vii.  IJ.  \.  ::t.  u  i<  ,idiiiitteil  ili.it 
in  Oirinth  the  breach  with  heathen  society 
could  not  Ik"  alisoliito:  and  this  passane 
has  conseiitteiilly  Id-en  interpreted  a<  an  in- 
•  unction  to  avoid  deliberalo  a<*ociaiioit  with 


!ii-.it!irii'siii,  siieh.  for  e\.'iiii|>Ie,  as  would 
I"'  iii'.'ihid  in  in.iiryiiiK  .1  lu-.ilheii  wiiiii.iii, 
or  111  l.ikiii«  p. in  in  li.-.ithrii  s,,,-rii'i,-i.il 
111.  .lis,  s,n  ,,t  i-hil.  111.  1  ;in-_:s  (in  ih,  ..:!irr 
h.n.d.  Mfse  17  siellis  t..  iiiiply  that  the 
li'.ich  with  heathen  MK-iety  must  be  ah- 
si  .lute. 

I     14-16,    'I  111 n-    f.'Il.  'Ws   ;i    srrii-s   i.f    li-,  e 

l|ni-s!l,,lis.    Ml     wl:il'h     l:U-    UP    it    lilll'I.-|s  ,.| 

'  the  nioi.il  life  are  r'i>  tori«  .t'.U   s;,,-.      w  ■ 
.  iiiii.  li  piiwer  .111.1  v.ui.'y.    For  what  part- 
;  nership  has  righteousness  and  lawless- 
I  ness?    Sin  is  d.  I'med  111  1  Ji'hii  111.  4  as 
[dfonia,  lawlessness,  disregard  of  the  divine 
i  l.ivv,  a  disregard  which  often  expresses  it- 
self praclicdly  as  "  iiiicleaiiness  "  (  Roni.  vi. 
Hj.  dAo/'o/xria :  cf.  here  ver.   17,  o«oWdpToi', 
Iiriin.irilv  cermi.  tiial,  hut  al-o  moral  un- 
ci, .iniu-ss  1 .     11)1    riiristian's  life  is  dean, 
iin  r  il,  ;  ,///,  i/y    Or  what  communioii  is 
I  there   between   tiie  light   in   which  tlir 
;  (  hri-ii.in  w  .Iks,  and  the  darkness  in  which 
{  iiir'.|-/.r.     .\-  liw  ,  ,-ind  which,  hciiiK  evil,  they 
'.-M'.'     I  l:i -1-  a'.siract  i-\pressic.ns  are  ii'.vv 
'  K  plac,.!  h\  ciuT.  ;.  ;  tlu-  principles  of  ^l  ud 
j.ind  i  vil.  1ml'.;  .ill.!  .I.irkia  <s,  are  eililii.ihid 
ill!  pirs..iis,  iii,,s|  ,  ..iis;,i.-i],,iis!y  in  the  two 
■yn.it  pr..'.ii;..ii:-;s  ,,|  ih,-  ni.ii.il  slniLiyle  — 
U.'iMi/   iiii..'   .s.ilan,    .  i-re   cilUd    /.'.-/..i.',  ..r 
jr.iiluT  I'.i  Ii.ir  il.\  .-1  n-     niu-N.-iiiijd.  d  cli.inijr 
"f   ,'   1  .1    (  .     And   what  harmony  has 
Christ  with  Belial?    1  !ie  on.jnial  n.i.m- 
iiit;  of  tin-  W'.r.l  I'.ili.!!  is  ol  - iire.     hi  the 
liri  rk  \i!-i..n  of  tlu-  Ol.i    I  i  st^.nu.nt,  11  is 
I'.-M-r  reniK-n-d  hy  ;i  pri-jur  11. mn,  alw.iys 
li\   s.iiiu'  eoiiiiiion  tiuiin:   I'-.ihn  wiii.  5. 
however,  iii.iki-s  it  ]ir.  .h.!!.'!-  th  i!  Il.  lial  was 
oriirinally  conceived  piis.in;i!lv   1  .is  ;n  niir 
passage) — app.areiitly  as   a   i:..i|   of  d.-aih 
or  of  the  iinderworhl     lie  is  r.--4.ir>ied  here 
as   the  great   antaKoiiist   of  Christ.  The 
contrast   hetween   the  two   great  leadirs, 
Christ  and  Helial.  now  passes  info  a  con- 
jtr.ist  hetween  their  hitinan  representatives, 
the  bclivxcr  and  the  unbelu'vcr:  or  what 
portion  has  a  believer  with  an  unbe- 
liever ?  wh.it  tlo  they  sluirc  in  Common? 
I  Nothim;    And  what  agreement  has  the 
;  ( ratiier  tlian  dl  temple  of  God  with  idcls? 
j  Tlie  moment  the  idol  appears  in  the  tem- 
ple, it  ceases  to  he  a  feninle  of  Cad:  the 
lifeless  idol  and  the  Ih'int;   ( (Urm)  God 


C  a.  VI J 


11  t  UHINTHIANS. 


1«7 


17  W'lurcfurf  fiiiiif  out  ftrnti  .i!ii>iiiv; 
tlKtit.  anil  1k'  >(•  ■>fi>.»r.iti-.  -,iitli  tin-  l.iTil. 
,11x1  touch  not  thr  tiiiclv;iti  tlii>i)i,  aiui  I  Mill 
ricct\c  >>'ii. 

iH  will  Ih'  a  l'"atluT  utiln  \iiii,  .iinl 

\i-  >liall  111'  itiy  M'lK  ami  ilatinliti-i ^.utli 
ilic  Lord  AIiiiiKlity. 


I  II  \r  1  I  K  r 

I     H  avin..     then  !•  r.'     tin -r  j.r. '!nisi-«, 

ili-.irly    !>»l"\tii.    I- 1    1:-   i  ll  .  ur-rKis 

If.  Ill  .ill  til'liiiic-s  i>i  -Iv  tl-  >ii  siurit. 

I'l-rli-i  tiiiK  li";iin      111  I'ii-  I.  ir  ■•!  ti-nl 


.ifr  iiu'"mii.ililili-      111-  hcMi!i<->  lit  tin-  u  m 

I  .      IIIll-l     i'l      Ill.linl.Ulh  il  .     li.i  !1     I:.      •  111  .  ill  . 

i  1-  .iriiununt  l'\   .iiMmi;  "     .•  an    '.I..-  t  11; 
;  1  .  "  11  1^  tiiiTi  li  •!  I-  i  ll'   li'ilu't-^  'i  .it  II.  >! 
Ic    in:untaimil  aiul  prcsiTM-d  irMin  ih'IIii- 

!  '11 

16-17.  For  WE  are 
the  temple  of  the  LIVING  God;  ti  .  |>  1- 

II  n  I'l  sui>-T0f  (luiii;;)  -liow-.  1 111 
;.';,itu'  i.-iiii!ra^l  i>  .--iiKyi -tcil  muIi  tlii-  |n<  I( 

Soliu;  MSS  1  t.iiii.u.M]  l  i  A  \'    1 -n  ...! 
.   .  .  «VTf   (  V  •/(  an  I  ;  ^  1.   I   {  \>r.  111 
I     f.  ir  till'   -,1'iU'   I'li'.i.  .i.i'l    1    (.'.  ■•:    '.I  ]■!. 


iii;l.:;i;'\ 


ra!t  ^  t!:. 


■I 


t!,i'    ii.  '! .      I  l.r    (  liri-!  Mil    l  ii'iri  !i    i>  liii' 

II  ;'i    1.  :ii|ili'  . 't   <  I.  i|  ;   ni   11   ( i".|  ilw .  V.-.  ii 

III  sli.t.  Sin  Ik-  h  .Iv  a-  \h-  i    !  •  !•.  1* 

;  '  :  ■  1-  li.'W  <  l.il'.'r^i-,  .1  ].\  ■' 
t,-!.  I.ill  ll'i'll,    ill!!'  r.  lit   I'.:l  '..'!■:       ^  ''.  \ 

I  I  -t.iiiU'lit.  ami   ii.:  I '  ll.f  i  11'    w  ■  ■  ■ 

iii'liir  ir.i  ail' n'4       |M.';r  il  |l  .-i  i;;.;;  u'  ili 

I ia  \   1  iri.iiiialK   •••  •ii'.iui.  <1      I  !..•  ipa  :  ••  a  ■!> 

ai''    ..pa-/.,:    1  .     ait'".;"  ',     i   ■    '   '  ,  , 

-1  ■  ■,     •  a      l..aa      \       ',  ■  ■ 

■  ir.  As  Gi-jii  saui  .that..  "I  will  dwell 
in  them  and  walk  in  tl.tit\  an<!  I  wiH  be 
their  God  and  they  shall  be  my  pcv.plc." 
I  ia-  1^  a  iiii  'till'  .11  I'-.  'Ill  i  ..  ..  .  ;  ' 
ij  (  .ilVd  li'il  i  ■  ■  :  ,!>-  .  !  '.  1-  ' 
WWII.  ai'i  u  I"  ula!.  l>l."\..a 
I-  I'l  ilU'  il  altli'liL;  !l;~  ]>  ■  li'Ir  a"i..i.:a  :i 
.1  ..b.  .!ii  iu\  :  ba!  eliar.a-t ■  •  i«:  ;a..!;'.  lb: 
l-a-iiuT    i^    l"aa'!y    a  I'i.iliii     ura  '.'.a 

■  .''.  rii.it  la.  In  t'a  a-a  in-ala  .•!  ,  ij-a  1.1 
:  -1.  \i  ia:;l  Irnt  a  a  11  la!-  .aw  .iv 
Wherefore,  lli;i*  i-;.  b.  a.m-v'  I'a  !■  ■  ;.la  r.-:-- 
I.,  'i.'ly,  a-  ila  ir  'mil  i>  baii.,  "Come  out 
from  amonj^  them,  and  separate  your- 
selves." saitli  the  1-ord,  and  touch  no  un- 
ckan  thing  at  all  1 1..  .1  .  •  ,f  .  •  .  ■  arrjuT",  . 

I'a.  a  I'l,  .  a'  !al  a  .'I  •  1"  1  ■  ■  li;  'li  II.  in 
-.',  ■  .-b  lla  iaa.j.'l.  t  aja..  '  "■'■■:'■'!'. 
•■     a   )  irh    |.'   lla     11  a.  " 

■  u'  '.  b.  ar  t'a.  ^.  ;  j  '  ■  '  .  •■  -  ■ 
1'  '• '  il    ;  ■ .  .'11    />;'''               _    •  t  •    ■  a    •      a'  - 

•  I  '  a  •!••  I,-  -aiiatit\   r  •— .  '        !  .  .  a  . 

•  .1      '.1  I  !i     a.T,-)(iaii;'.;  .  ,      nnaa    ■■     t' ,  aa 

I  b  ri'    .l'.:.lill    tha  ,  .|ia   .  :'   !  bi-   .     '  •  .! .         1  - 

u  i.l.'iu  '!  ;    It    •  •    '    •  .    a    ,.,1,  ,n 

l:r  :t':,'ii  , .  - n' 1  it  a  . ai'd  '     pr.      r\,.  'b.iii 

~.'b  r-    1 1 .  iiil    )/a  1111.''    a  a '  ■         '  ' 

t  i.i!;  .aii-.v.v  nf  the  di  iMl  tuia      «ii\*y.irf  .  ali'l 

of  the  rupture  with  their  iK>llitted  environ 


111.  nt     I  li  I    1,    u. 'I    -1'      «t.  .|    !\  llie 

.1  .ri-'.  •  .1^  1:  a  pt.-ri'i   liitruf'ri  briiiK-i 

"  It   taa  .  a/  tiii,;,'  .iv.ildalKC  o|  I'.iitact  WItll 

llli,  li  .111  ibr.).;- 

17.  18.  bail  t'la  di\ir.i'  Iil'f      ti'.t  .1  |iiua 

1'.  11  .Hid  ,1  ti.     ii  a  .11.     It  till  n'  I-  ,1  <  .ill  to 

M  |Mr,llr  i.  'I-.  b,!-.     Ir.-in     i.p.a      t.  b'.wdlip. 

•biTi-  .  .,   i.|..!ir-.    llai-    «a    -b.ill  be 

.1  b'I'tad  mil'  .iiiotlur.  and  I  will  receive 

you  |o  J.  >i.>.'i,,".  ,is  ib.e  III  \t  ci.iil-i  -lio»> 
1  iiiM-  wofiN  iiiicbt  be  .1  l.i.'s,-  r<  I'l '  "I  latiuii 
"I  'lie  lib. I  111  l-.ii,ili  In.  IJ,  but  it  i-.  more 
la  :  .d  ie  lli.il  ibiy  ara  a  n  iiinit-aam-i'  of 
1    .  iv  a  I   \\  V  la,  re,   in   lb'   .Si  !it!i.is;i!it, 

I'll-  \  I  i  >   v.iiiH-  u .  '  ;  -  .  .     ■•-        /    .  ..' 
<■■■»«.•  y.'M  oi  ;'.  I  eiti  ye 

'  "1  And  I  will  be  to  you 
a  father,  and  as  fur  you  .i  ..!.*  ye  shall 
be  to  me  sons  and  daughters,  saith  the 
Lord  Almighty,     lla  1  ni...l(1l,d 

<  n  .111       r,    ;  \.      I  ia  ■      r    :  ■    .1    dl\  iiir 

la  .  Ilii  a  ,■■  a  a.  I  -ii         '  i       ..!!-(.r;llu    .  r|    1  !i| 

•  ••  I  uill  b,   ia-  I  ■:    1,  .....1  la    -!  ..il  ba  niv 
•I  ■  '  ;    la  la     :•    1,    u.,:,  ;a  d    |.,    itubi.b  .ill 
1. .,  ;.!■.<    I     1  r.     15'     >.\\.  I    ni  iba    ,ai  .ib-.'iata 
i  ri  .li-v         U  llii         111  .it'a  nd.  .Ill        IT:  I 

aa  II  abi..  -  tilt-  .ai'Ir  II  .  l'  .ru:  !  is 
'  '  ■    l-.!Mb   villi    f.i   -''    ■  -  '     ;    ',    •     1,  tbe 


'i'  i!  1-  I,,  ',\ 


I  , 


I ..'  a  r 


1    '111    \bil  " 
ta-   :  lid    1  1  ■'  I'll  III 
\  '      .S    '  ,    lati.  d  a  a 

tb,  1,  -!  ."■  .;      1!  1 


■         a,;  .   ;    ii   '    :  ,.| 

•  :      ■:-    :    :•.    j  >v.ilii 
'     f  uliiall 
«    'I'.":-:  .ii  'ha 
1   ]■■■  ■        -.  tlu-v 
i".;.t'  .....I  1, 

.•/'    ./    •  '.    '•-,  ,11.! 
.  t  \<.!  ■  a  1  i     1-  11!..- 
Mi.r.t.  '     '.'-   -ba  till 
-.  d  r  aa     .  lb.  \  .III' 

!•  ■!  „.     t  .  -ir.iLi 

daa    1    I  !  '■!  -1  It    1.,  b.- 

'  .•:..'. .    u  il'.u-i        v.i''     I  !...■■.  •     .  .11! 
a:ab-.  r-       I  i  .       a  •  1     '  '       '     ,f  1- 
■'b    11". M    1.   a-    !a         i:a  -    ,,1    ■'       v  .     .b  r 
■  ■■    -,•  (.a.. 11',:  ,  ;  '11  •■  r-  -ir  na  '    .  •  •;  'ii. 

!  ,,'■'.!     '".  b    '  "  -M  b.ird  t-  ■".    •      -  a.Ka 
I"  -,  i'  d.  r-  -ti'lv  ra  ,'.  ,.,,a.   .:■'■]  a  .'    /  . 
i!    1-''!  •  '■-    a  -  •.•ia"..'--.     .".!  !.. 

•  i'hU  and  iinn  liietan'iy  •  >n  in  tla  p.rii 
i  holiness.   Seeing  then,  beloved  i  for  the 


'    .-  I'  iia  |.    1  . 
I.  1  ii  a- 

ll'lii'  ■  •  ..I  l'  |.- 

vii.  I.    I  f  I ,  .1 

!'-..!.     •   1-  .d- 


II  COlMNTmANS. 


H'n.  Ml 


I<  ii.i,  I  V  I.  ,■    M  r     I  i .      1     ■  ' 

liiL.ti-  t  that  we  have  promises  like 
THESE  irairit  ,,iiii!.t!u  I  let  us  cleanse 

ourselves     n  i-  \\-.r:'.i.  <i  t:--u   ii  .ii  i!  , 

w  I  111  r,  .■  ,1  (  i,i  1  ■  '.iM  1-1 .  .■  -II  r.  '.!  I.  !  ■•1.  ^ 
liiir  .  ;  ti  om  cvfry 

polliitiiin  of  ik  li  .11'..!  s[)iiit,  carryiiin 
holiness  to  i.oiii[iUtii<n  m  ttie  tear  of  Uuii. 

I"  I'  'ri-  •  ■  \ '  I  I  ;  I  I  il<  >  I  -  iM'  li: '  .u  I 
wi'li         >'.•  .  :    I 1'  1.  11       i>  >■.!!;«• 

iii  1  ,    !        ,i  I  i.ii»'i(ii,'..'>.>i  ),  aii'l 

till  ».••  'Ill"   pi.ir.  -  -  i  •!  -  .n.  M 

tir.itf.n  1-  lip  .  'iiil  l'\  tl.r  pi'  111 
( »)riT«\oi  I  TM  I  I  ,  ip.  i.i!  tll'i  1-1  'ur 
;is  wll  .1     I     ■  It   iliiii.iinK  >  .'Ills 

a  clr.ili-ll  L'   I-    ■<!  i"  il'ut    '11,  I'll!  llic       r-  !■ 

piM' ;i.  r  '  t  lii'liii  :  iiml  ll'i-  itfiii.,  ^i,i;.i' 
en  11^  111  Li.lU'-  .iit'l  II-  |iii--;n\f  -•''.  .  I'.ui  iiiii> 
In-  r!ti-.-|i\ ' 'v  I'l.iili-  till-  ,(ln!"-|.lirri-  111 
//).■  /. .;'  '7  (-''</  1 1  I.  \.  I  ). 


Tin'  i;-.  :ii!inrni  -  -  i.t   ihi-  uIi"U  ji,!---.!':'- 
Iia-  luiii  lii'|i:iKt!>  .iml  -i  ii'iii-ly  i-iiiilr-;iil. 
\-   wr   ii.iM'   .ilir.iily     'ill.    H   1  .III  -'Mi'iK 
lie  ill  n-i  i|   ill, It   it    !'■'  .T--   ii;t'.  ll'i-  .  "Vi.  xt 
ill   .1    I., 'ill  r    nil  vjilu  li'li-  ll    :  •  ,il-i' 

iiM  I 'I    lli.it    lin-    rl-,' 1  ■  II  u-.il  ai'i'i'iinl,! 

III. II    el    (ll  .I'M  U-.lMy    v\ tl.  .ll\  nil  Ml-    Ji'.-.i^i..  HI 

\cT--i--  I  (.  15  I-  (|iiili-  niiliki  r,iiii;  >tili 
i:ii  •!  r  -111.    -  i  ■  i'  .   <  .'.H  1  ! :  ■!!  the  in 

1  nil,  ! Ill    ...    'ill'    I  ..•  i')    \  :i     |  1.1 

i-|r,iii-i  t 'i-  111-1  I .  I  -  lii'iil  '\i;\  iiiiH'l  .ii  i.f 
firsli  ,11;, i  .I/-;//'  '^  ii'.l  i-i  ti  r  iii.iMi' r  '  l' 
I'.ml  "111  1  •  !ii  r  i>':k  -  '  -.  -  I  '•"  •  ■  i 
ii\!'..,  InH.nr,  ill  .-f  ;l  I   .|:":-    !•  .  , 

iliiiili     "11  thv  wli.'K-  i-r  l!'i-  r.!  -Uv. 
tliiu  -liiii    I'f    till'    -1 .  •I'.n  1,    ■•  w  111  '.  I\,r.l 
li.inir-  ill-!]  .I'll  -iMi.;  t.'^itlur.  i;r  Mini,  r 

-l.ll!il>     l'\  -'a     llll-     IMl'ii'-.illy      -ll.fll  -'11 

M!.n>iu-..  u!;;.!i  ! 'i'  :  I'll  I'l'.  'ii  l'>r  trict 
si;,>f,  f.:"  l>--  il-.;!i  'il  f.  11!  j"'l'  •  ii-n: 
ami   In    -p        liu'   ili.rii    -I'nil,   \\ '  ■ 'li  i-- 

'I        ,     S    •       ■  ■        I      .  .1       '},'■    r       1.1  ]l"I!;1l!"ll 

r-i'I,        .    1  .  :  "  ',    -I    .   -   '  .   I. II    •!-.■  tri-th. 


'M  III'  i'\|i'imi 

'   ill  11  lll'i  I !  ';li 
1  !,  .I'l'i 

!     !,'     t  I-     t,      ■   "  , 


I 


•"•i  - ; "11'^  h.ii i  ll  1]  ji.  Ill  i| 

1    ' . :  .    1'  1  :i  r    u  •!.  . ,    1:1. I'll- 
'''  111' 1  ■  " ''!i  ;   'I  lit  -  "'  ll  ,iii  .iiipi'.il  .i;i;ii'-iii' 

I  ir  ll-    iii,i\  li.m  .iiiii'  i|  1 1  -  :  ,     .  .    i'  r  a 
-  Ill" '  ,  r   I  ■  ,1  '  '11.  .1  fi  r  1 '  1 1     ;  '1     '   -  • '  jm 
I'ii  :.  i|  I.  ;ti  r.    1 1  1  .1  -  .il     1  ■  1  11  ,i'  •..  >  -  in- 

'L'l-Iiij    lli.lt    l!:;.    Ii  i--,l',;i'    II  .!>     1    I.t     In  I'l  ,1 

II  .'.'Mil  !f  lit  till'  Il  it.  r  .illii'li  I  In  111  1  I  nr. 
i  \    'I     I'l'ilialily  till'  rcil  tfiitii  will  lu'wr 

:  In-   hill  'W  !l. 

I        Wlll  ilu  r     I'.ltll''*    I'r    lint,    till'    p.l-'.Ul-    -I  t-i 

iliii'i'i'  1;^  Miiiii'  111  tliv  liiii.l.iiiiiiii.il  iriitli". 
il  l  ilii-  I'.ilili-    t)iu'  i>  till.'  iiitiiiiti-  ilitTiTi'iice 
lliilwuii  v!""il  ami   r\il,  .iiul  the  iin|»)^Ni- 
I  l'ili:>    111   fii:iiiiriiiiii-.c.    <  )ii   tlii>   imiiit  llie 
lii.uliiiiy  iif  till'  Itihlf  i>  viry  sttrii  ami  1111- 
lui-i.il.ilili'.    .\s  in  till-  )ir>t   I'laln.,  tin  re 
.irt-  i'ii!\    two  cl.i'.s,.-,   th,.   ri«hl<i>ii-<  ainl 
till-   U'rkiil:   :iiiil   t'li    iiiiiiiiti'   ililliiiiu'r  ill 
;!'iir  I'  .ii.utii^  uill  111   11'.,;.  Kill  !,  .iii  iii- 
t;-i  .'i'  (lillil  illi-i-  111  I  111  ;  r  ill  -I  1 ;!'  -  ll'     i  'ii 
ilk-  m;m  ulin  iliiiii,>  l,i  i--  m  i':.;l  1-  ri.illv 
.  :i  ihi-  w  I'll:-.:  -l.Ii  ,      \-  M.ii'  iii.iii  1:,,-  -..ml. 

\!  t.l  -t  -1  '!:t.  Il.itll'ln;  IMII  '.M  I!  ippi.lT- 
IMiM'    Kll'i.lll'f.tl    .11"!    '1'  I'.lllt    111    ,ill    '       '    li  •! 

' '  ,1-  II      ii.iMtii  'II    1 1  I   I'll  11  I '    I'l  .1111! 

''111.  Mil  inl-  a'"!  iiuiiiii-  I'l  (iiiii,.  111! 
iiii.iiiiiit  yi'ii  ;i!!iiii|>t  ti>  apply  it  t<i  actn.-il 

!  I'l  I -1 '11-.  ;iii.l  I"  '.\.i!k  llii  I  I'l'.ili  liii-  uniM 
!'■•'•  a-  M "!  z",  ' ' '■  -!•.••<•)>  :r«>iii  t!  i- 
i  '  .  >  "1  pi  1 .  I  ",  r  111  nv  i  *  \  ll-  it  .III  '.i  I-!  - 
!••  atf.  .i|'|>.,!i  !•!  r-  1  'y.  ami  li  - i  ■  i- ' ii.u 
I '  '    1  "  '   '   \\  1 '  III'  r  iiiiiinu  ii  -'i:irpl\ 

•  ;-   Ii  IsiV."     \    :.  :••  thi- 

1       .1         'I'lfllH-     "  V.  '        i     i  ;      1     ill,-  llln-l 

i'.Ai-inl  linlil  .-I  I'rml-  '■.ip.icii.i;i>.  iilrln- 
1  '  I  il.  i  il  11:  •ii!ii;i-.  i!i-\"iit.  :iml  lia-- 
iiii.  I  t  '  i- ij  t'l  tli'-i-n  II-  :n\  fill  -'.ii'i'.w 
!,  '  -  till-  h"'  1-1  -  -1-  "  'I'll.'  .liiiii-nhy  1- 
,  !•  -      nl  ',\  1  '  -    -i\  1  '■  ••;   ■■  Irmn  t'li-  ••"•  v.ir'l 


'n-  I- 
■  1.  ll  i 


«  !:.  'I  :  .     ,  ^  -  •      '   I    "  ■;■:'  i  i;.  '  •■   ,.  " 

,','''1';.  i;i\    '.         ',,',.  i':.:i'   d  ,       '  /   i-.  1  1-, 

iiiim'.    '■  I  '    x\   >•!•    ■•     '!  u.  I    '   ■■    .iii'l  -  > 

\  .iKii'  U    ■:■-'  '1  ■    ■■\'\  1"   '  r  1  '  ■  'in-     111  ''!v 

-,.-!  •  '."  -1      ll    •         ,  "-     1:  •'   :      .     I'l     i  ! 


ir:'  •  'II'. 
■i:,pr"'! 
I-  !' 


1    ''  •  'k    of    III'  ''•:,1 

1    I  '  ■  «  I  .      • '.,     Um  I 
■■  -         :  ■•    -•'-'.'  -1 
1  '         «  ••'     ';,  1.  \ 


a;  \ 
141. -it 


■1 

1 

\N  -;t 

\---l 


11: 


1 


1 


11 


■1    (  '  •  tii'li  1';  -, 

.       '     ..  .': 


1! 

1'  -^.-^  tl 

(•"'■!'        .  I    •!••  •  '     It    I  i'l  > 

I !  '    ■      I  '111'  I  -  '    '  -       '  '    '     '1    ■:.■'':    '        :  I  -    '  ■  I 

pi-  '  I'l'l''  ,ili       -'  i  I-    ti  l      !•  ■•   ''  <:■■  \  III 

r  imI'm,  ,  ,1  ivi'i        1  11,.    ,!;|"''.  1  .  11   I-    ill    '!;,  nil 

I'l  tuii-n  ilii-  .-ni'l  till-  -iiiTi  I'liiiliiii;  i--  r,'i-M 


\,r  ill 

:  til' 
'III..- 
!  -i.  I'-. 


,  ]■•'  -1  p.ir.il!-.  t':'-  ri  -.- 

I'-iv    "ij   " 

1'    '  'li-iil.   ! 1 1 >tii  1  \  ii 
"I    kiri!    'ill  V  ' 


'«-Iiip,  ii'.io  ihr  luaviiily  laniily.  intn  the 


(11.  VIII 


II  roUINTIMANS. 


16<) 


K.o  v.     II..    w,     li.u,-    «r..tu..!    p.,    J    have    -.li.l    l..  l..:r.    t!.  it    \,    ..r.-    iii    .  nr 

  '  r-'|.ti  il  ! .  .  II  ,n,  u  I'  'i  u      !  ■    ■      T  ■•  !h  I     ,  ■, 


t\"-i'   .  t   ■■  ■.1  I 


'■'               ' ■•■•ti!,nt!"!.itir'i;  '  ,  ,1  ;ii  , .  1  .  .  •            ■      ,  '  -  Ii.iIm!  .  -I'ti; 

.Ill'                   !a    j.'-,,        .|    .M,:,i;i:,i;  „,■!,  „,         ■           .         ;  .,       ^    ]„  ^-:~,,,,,| 

r.l.itiim^liili-,  in  ul'.ii  il  li.c-Mn.  m.Ti 1 1  a  iii.ili    ...  f  -.■•■''■!  ' 

tni;h  i-.i.>  t,-  ;,.K.m.  ,-  ...i  tli,-  imUi  .■!  |     3.     i'l.  M.j  t  .;  a-  I;, '  i  ■  i  t    ,  |.I        m  tlic 

..Uii.>-|.!icn  ii.  .,rt    .|    ihr    «  .  ■n!;:hi.iMv    I'..-!)    1-  rii 


i  i  f  l\.ir  ■  I  1 1... I 


1:1   «!ut'il  lllf  V\IliiK' 


III-  Is 


lil  t  il ;  ami  tin-  '  \iuh 


iti  i  •!  I  .  .U'  l  1 


!!■  1^   til  IV 


-.■[■.iratioM    i<    ri  wanU.l    «itli    an    cltTtial  ;  m  t  in  I:;,  h,,r-li  !  ri-.  i!,iir.         lu-  a.l.l- 

w.iRlit  of  Kl..ry.  jit  is  not  to  condemn  >..ii  i!it      i  m.M  ,i 

I    ■   •    '  .  <i»  that  I  apeak  t!u- 

.  1  ■  I'l'i'h   m(    In,   |.:,M.iM*  W.ir.K    (M     II  M) 

(vil.  j-41.  ir  .!        i     (or  I  have  said  before  m 

,,  ,  h  '    II.  I -'^  that  you  are  in  our  hearts 

2.    I  i..\\< '..  r  tin- prcMon- n  i\!  i'liil   i   ;i  to  die  and  hve  to^e'her. 

M.I, mi.-.!,  it      ..i.si       lint  I  i 'u-  i;,-ii,  t  il  j.l.un i ■.,,,1  „  „„!,. 

I'''  '  ■'I'liiii.  -  1'.    -!  .y  t   :,ii,!  i,-.,'it!i;   III.-  IT..!     -I    iiitim,.A    vv!i-.!i  --J. 

'  -  ''.  I    .  '11  lrni~-  !i  .111.1  ill.  in      l.tn  t!ic 


1  I-  t,,  I 

!!  f'  t  an.! 

■    i:!:.,L'.T>    ..f  \i.    1  I   l,s      I  1;, Tt  In 
■       '  '    tii-.t    wliil.i.r    i-oii-Tamt  in.iv 
i      .'   .  v    -.'.l   lifUx..-.   llu-   (''ir:i!tli?.iMs  ;iii,| 
i  nil.  it  1:  111  li.'i'ii  .ill  T  "11  tluir  si.!.', 

iii.f  I'll  !  lu  rr  w.i^  r...'!n.  am].!.'  r.i.'in. 


|.r<.         i.i.  uii,-,.  1,    i;,,t    ,,1    |,l.iiii  v 

I'.i-I  III.  .111  ''..It  I'.'  i>  r. ■.!.!>    |..  liw  .111.1 

'!i.'    "iiii    '!i.hi,  .T    th> '.     \\}fh    li  in  In 

-!ri.t    Kf.mini.ir.  tlu'    !.iti.r  i'.\|.!.i!i.i!i..n 


i:>  lii.irt  f..r  Jh,-ni:  ami  lu-  .1  uii  ,1  ;  v.  ■  .:i!.|  m  .ni  ili,'  iilt,-  i.I.in.il.I.-.  .i^  \  „  i, 
!'uin  1.  a.-i-.>ril  lii'^  a  -innl..!  i.:.!.-..  Ill  t;..  n- 1  !'..■  .Mil.n-t  ..i  tli.'  ~.  nr.  n.-,-.  i'ril  i.,!lv 
K.  irt.  In  ill,.-  s,i;;k-  s;r.i!.:  lie  v.--\\  r. .11  -  I  im-.ins,  li,.ui  v.  r.  ih.ii  h.  Ii.i^  fli.-ni  iti  liiv 
t  '  make  room  for  us  m  ....'.r  Iir.irt.  ;  lu-.irt.  ami  tin- i-.'iu  i;;.l!!i^  plir  i  iii..\  .  ..mIv 
III-  il.-r\..  :'ii~.  t.n-        I;.,,  t\  r.       .1  |  iiuatl.  tli.it  lie  w.h.iM  I.,,  uillni;  1 

"i-  '"II--        -<'ii  (•>»•''•-'')   ■•.  .:ny  w:iy  — .ijiiic  wtlli  llii'tn.    On  tlu'  ul...|, 
>  .  i>  tn...ii  !  oI.,    ;  •  .r  -li.  !,   •..  i'mI.      l;a|.^  tin-  ni.'ri-  aiipr.ipriati'.     I  .tni!iii;nity 

^1''!  -1  ■        !  '      ..I  tin-  iW.vk  i.lir.i-.'  n!ii;!it  |..-  tii-i~  r<i.r..- 

'1     '       '      I.',   ■  '■i  -  s.ik,  '.vi.jn^^ed  .In.-.  .1  m,  Kn^;!! -!i  :    "     ..1  ;ii,-  in  . ,nr  lu-arts 

nobotly,  we  corrupted  ■  ■•r  ,(.    •    ,       ne-   .  .  .',  •■     ,•  1  en  m  1  ,„  ,/,.,,,/,  ■• 

body,   we   took   .M.!vantage   of   nobody.  Hp  1  .-li.  r  </,  .'•/;  ,;.  /  .' ■.  ,  i,.r      i~  i^niti 


ni.i\ 

\  or 
\-  pcr- 


1 ai'i'iiN.iti. ins  '1. 

\  !'      !  "  I'll, 


I  • 


•1. 


i  11...  n  II!                     .-.tit  lh.it  .|i.r!i  >■.•;•,■,  in,.      ]  l^  (,,. 

..'!■!:.               -A  :!t   l-     •-    i '..nl  r=  i;.ir.i ,  h: ,  !■  i.        .,  .luiin..! 

I       ni;;   1.1    u .   II.  VI  <})  Ins 

I   111.  rc-  ;  r.  .innii  ri!    I'.u  •  !i!.iii  I;., 


I    ..'  '•  ■  ■     .  iitft!.  •  .;.  • 

t ' , '    1      1 .  -'.|     I  i  ■  .  1'    m'-'x  i  cx  '  ■ 

:  r,.  -t  a  in, 111  ]•.;>  iic  ,m      ■    I  .  i  ! 

■)...n      h   In  .liltu-nlt   '.    .'         i  -n.'  Ii\'-iv;.  I.. 

n.'i  ■  U'   ni,  .u:i-.„    ;  -      .    |.c  \-..  i''i   (  1m' 


1 1 

1  ! 


•1  Nii^-, 


,  I 


■1| 


..!...t 


u  ..r 

i'  is 


ill. 


,1 


I  ! 


1'  !i  ■!  .  .I'.nii;  |ir..-,  .1,  -  tin- 

in  f,iil!i.  i',1  .it.'.r  t  .  unli 
I  ;  I 


t  1 


1-  1 » 


niijT.  ImIiI.    • .    •        4.  .! 

>  ..; .  '  ■  !  '  .  . .'  r'-"'i  :i  '  iir-  .nuh  - '  1: ■ '  ■  ■  , 
•  ••>:••.    I    ••  !•••  ■:.   ■    •  >.  t!-  •»  tlu     ■  !i- 

;   '  \v.  ••  <     ar.'  t. .        .  \i.l.:in.  .M.\  :  1      ^  '      ■ .  ; 

-\    1  nil-  .1  M>«»  T».  1-  I  •, ,  1  ,  ,    ,,I ,   !:  I  ■  I  ■       ■ '  .  t 

■A  Ini  h    .i.tv  «.  II  h.u  I    r.  ii  •      .  ii. .  ,v    .T  .  .  ' 

.  .'.it's:  m -N   in    ^i  .-"rri.j    ii;..;....  1  .t"..'   '  •;■  1 

■   '..r  t' .    .Imla-an  .-Ini' .         ii-f  \. •  h 

tlif  u'   itTii-t.-.l   nt;n    !i.i\.-  rh..!-  'ill     .  n-,A,\>j 

;!ns  -I,  |.\t.>r!!..'i  u  t   xii.  1'..  17 ).  ,  irnXiTC"-.-.! 


:  nr. 


-  .  r  ...  ..r.N     II,.  .-  ,11 

'  '■■  1  !!:.'(•  nil' ji-.iii .  (  \  i-r 

■I    ■■!■  th.  .11.    I  ..    !„,,|Hts  i.f 

■    :    •  "1             ,".  r  i„. 

''  :     1  .  •  .-..m 

•  •'•  •  .  r\  I.-icpy 
\-r\  iiu,  I  '.•.!!  ■)  !■      s,  15!,  ,,.  , 


1  .Tto*r#i. -T(Tf t (ju.-(t  I  Great 

.>    .11-   tttikti.>\Vii   '  .  I!-.  "   .ays 'is  my  confidence  in      '    m  r.  la'i.  r  i... 

'   'i'        .-!|.'  .iihI  hi-  f.  Mow  wurki      '  ir/int  ;   you   t  :n  ^t'.i-U  ;i  .   ..  i..^-    rii(.i>>-.n  ,  ,■.■,„ 
.    ;    .    '  i'ati;.-.!  with  tlm-  fiiiiinv;  ..i!.i-r-    ii  ir-llv  tiii-an  "  !i!m  r"     •'    ;..     l;  "  ,     .mil  ' 
-ily  iniuht  t'u'  -cviTity  ni  h<       •<r.t\      .nti.!.  r.-.-        ..t  .i-li.i  ,.  .i  >.    ,  ,  .. 

.•tu.ir"!-.  Ins  -trict!!' i":   ji>!!.'-!:..!i:.  In^  — great  is  ip.y  hoast.tig  r.r-  y.->ur  behalf. 


170 


II  CORINTHIANS. 


IVu.  VII 

1,1!,,!    vMili  (•..itii..rt.   1   .1111  c)nit<lii»K  '"'""'""'■'•l  "*  ''y 

-u  all  uiir  trilmlaiiun.  Iilie  comii*  of  Titu»;  ... 

5    l  ,.r,  wlitn  w.  win  v.-me  int.i  Marc- |    7    A>"l  »"«  >'iminK  fiily.  mit  by 

■l.mi.i.  «,iir  Ii.kI  ih>  r«»'.  but  we  tttn  itlir  •-■.•iM.lation  whtrcwiili  In-  v*.-i>  mm 

II..UI.1..1  .,11  .v.rx  vMllioiit  Uii.-  tinlil     (■•rt..|  in  yil.  wluii  lit-  vA>\  ns  your  ..,riu«t 

itiK».  vMititii  Unx-  .liMn-.  yi.iir  tn..iiriiin«.  \<i\n  Utmui  miiul 

».    N.  ..  rttuli  s,    (,.m|.    tli.ii    cnnifiirit  Hi  ',,«;ir.l  iiir,  -.i  ili.tt  I  n  i.  i.iil  the  niorr. 


I  am  filled  i'ki:.         f.u  -iii:    p- •  i 

with  comfort,  ni'l  n,,;  '>  »M',ii  i'. 
I,ni  ,;'   iKi.i.ii.:  /■  \ ,  I  experience  .m 

overHowifiK  joy.  amid  all  thi»  affliction 

of  ours.  I  1h  ti.in-',n,tii  In.iii  the  tir^t 
IMi-  plur.  (Ml  .M  M  the  Miin.  ill  X  4 
■,>!-L',-i-  il'.ii  wi-  ii.iM-  luri-  a  iKTiiliarly  la- 
t'.ni.iii   .iiiil  I"  ! -I'li.i!  I'.iiili --iiMi  of  It  tliti^ 

I  I.I    .,n  .l-t,Ml  >■:  CoIllt  Tl  .lll'l  h,ll,l>i!K>' 

iKconii-  ili.ir  III  the  luM  |>ar.i«t.ii)li. 


out  .iil\<  r-arii    .'I  v\  U-  in  ••n  t  ame-.t 

.iml  .lariiiK  a  man  w-.iM  li.i\f  lU"  lack, 
.111.1  fears  within— fi.irs  for  ihf  >i.iriitial 
ciituliiioii  i>f  lu^  ciiiuitt*.  for  their  allitiiile 
t>  \ar(U  his  li  tter,  ete.  I  he«e  alu'i''  l>air-j 
,  I  xMTiI-.  witliout  mtIi  or  ei'itiin'  p.ir- 
11,  I.  .  .1 ' .   X  ■  I  >  iiniirc  -  -IK  e. 

6.    But  li:^  ,1   Ti--  w.i-  rili,  ,'.1  !  >■  the 
i-nniiiu  i  .mil  tl.i   ,■  t.^l;  nt    I  Ittls 

was    I    ,  It    ilu    ^;ilt  <  I  '-l      1;  l"> 

. ll  l'l, li  lit.  l  ilt  a  pr, '\  ulriu  i-.  .-i  ■'■\i;ie 

I    r|/.    /,!  ,    11,       III,      Ii.il    eoMlt'  Illl     -,1  Ill'l 

I  ,..>.  liiii    ( I,"!.     I  in-        liiiii;   I'.i-  ,i^:e  III 
!.u    I  pwile   I  1.  .i  II  )   liail  ilui  It  ■•'  •  -ill  uiH,!! 
liuMie  i',iii-,  N.iti,'!!  (NiHti,   ..  •  !  hy  the 
r.iitl  MOW  Willi  ev'  <'■  nit, ;ir,!  I  ill  .ill  li;-  ..Itli.i'on.  in  i  T  .  ;.,i-ai;e 

iian.'iilaii!-.  oi  Im     "       v. '  '    '   •"'   I'oa  , ,  •n-i.l.  riiii;  tur-'-li.  -  ii-  with 

),',,',,'.,',    iliii,|r,l    .i!  ■!   "I    '    •   m.i!      I    I'll'  '••iHiilc   iii-:.iiu-e   ot    11  ;    t,  ,r  He 

Nsi,,.li   he'  h. Ill  I'l'H  .  ii:i'  II     u  IS  wiio  comforts  the  downcast  (  i!r-.  r.iilur 

;,„M,.,1.     ..I.'it     '   .  -i.i.Mi.v  |ll.,:n  V.    'nn.'!..^!-    ti.e  ' 

•■;   ti  •    iniiir.  — i,,ii   iiia,K'   up, ,11  !  T.ureu <ii  5      r   •      1-       ~  tlian  liUI> 
l,i-,i  (U.iliiiK  Willi  ilu-  la-,  of  -I  If   -comforted  us  by  the  coming  of 


7'if.i.v  (I'll/  //i-f 


■  wi  lling  .\t:^s  I  vii.  5- 

1 J  I . 


an  N  ■  ,11-  li 
•'l.  111   !.\  i; 


,1,,  iM ,  .-1  uia-i  li  lia.l  ,,  n.  nlv  vi  M '1  ,  Titus:  liKl's  111  l<»'l,  tile  coiiiiii>.  was 
lii,ii.  laii  ii  1  1'  iliiie  111,'!-.:-  iia.l  1!  I'.nn'lllie  .  1,  in.  r;  in  whhh  lh<-  o  'la;:o!i  \va> 
tii'i:  ;    (  111  .il!  tl'<      points  li 

l  ien   p'-!   .1'.    '•    '.  ••iiv...   -.  j 

1,1:   '•.•!.'        ..s       i\    iiiilih  r.a'.-  'iii 

Miuir.^  ' 

5.     Ill  I 
n  -;K      an  ^ 
■.'■:!i,  ,i  .It  I 
apl'oiiiUil  .it  11.. t  tin. 
n  -•li  --iH      111  1  i    h.Mrt,  lie  Ik 
Ma,-,  ilon'a.  .ni'l  'h'  'e  it 


iin.i.l  hail  I  in.iiiil' -Il  .1  :    the    word    (  T.t(>.  • la  1    i-  the 
,,|    i  itii-.  i  ■-,irie  a-  iliat  iiNei!  lor  li.e  i-'nniiK'  ipre-_ 
.  ol  (_1iii-t.    l!ow  iiir.'h  the  comiiij;  of 
,]  ;       ,l,,ii,l  1,1  iNpiit.  I  nil-  III,  nil  '11  I'.i'-I  ;it  tin-  iiiiietiire,  and 

I  t,  .\e  well'  iiiloriiK.l  of  thc.liow  (lii.etly  he  re^ar.K.I  it  a-  all  exiire>- 
1,\    \\'-<  !i   r.nil  wa-  C..11- i  ^1011  .'f  the  <li\iiie  i;o,„|iu I"  Iinii.  \' e  h.ivi* 
,  hi 


,.  Im.1  h.  .  ii  ill- !  ahe.Kly  M  en  in  ii  U  tt.  wh.re  tlie  very 
4   lil!i>.    Ui'h  tins  ,  lliom:hl  of  il    iii  i.i;-,  s  him  to  a  sedden 

"  |.  r  '  1  in  -1  of  ^r.'it,  I'll  pi  1- 
.    1  !      7.     r.  Il    il    wa-  ' 


U  th,' 


U  I 


f 


hv  th.  eotiiii".: "i    I  nil  or.    -  1' ml  p 

It.  <r.-..'  I'.'iiili'il.il  Iniii  h;.  ih'  I'onnti'.^  .  t 
I  ill!-  For,  ii"I  I'liK  ni  I  1  '1-  '  11  1.'  I. 
Imi  also  after  we  had  come  to  Macedonia 

ami   Will'  :i'-:.iiti   ;iiiioni;   t  •  r:-'    '     I'l  ■ 
aii.l   .'liiir.lu-,   I'.  Ill    111. 11   T'lii    t'f-^''=  ' 
"nir  |i..,.r  In-niaii  naiiii"'"'  had  no  rest 

(till-  i>,  Miit.  i'M \r.  I'liy  I  sir,  --r-  ll.' 
eon;  'ii;  v\  of  t'ee  m:  -t,  np  '•■  th-' 
nu  in  •  .,•  a  ■  <"  i-  '  '  '  ^ 
-,.ie,'  M  >S  I  In  11  1.;.  Il  i'-  li  s  ■■'  t'  .,! 
i-  -ai.l  lo  1mm  h  ,,1  no  n  -t,  Ii,  re  In-  /.',  ...'/; 
til,  I,'  I-  !i!'l,  pr,u-l:>Ml  .!i:T.-M  n,'.'  h.  ' a ,  n. 
•  !;,.  ,•,••111  n'-,  1  vi-epf  thai  the  f-  •nil.  f 

1-  na  i,'  i!ti!i  r  than  the  laf-T.  l-!,:ih  >ti«- 
ue-t-   ht'ii.ati   ii.i' -ire.  ! '  ot  its 

\Maliir--  a;:,l  fraihv  But  in  every  direc- 
tion iwe  weret  afflicted:  t':a  .li-ire-.s  was 
hi  lii  I'l/eMiiji  .111.1  battles  with- 


rnii-'  taee  th-il  rtfort.  •!  I  ini,  w.  l.-onie 
ti'oii«li  that  wo';'>i  ■•  .  hii:  the  ria--niiiiK 
in, --a'-;.'  wln,-h  li'i:-  hr,,;'.;!n  .1  ilie  (',>_- 
ri'i:!.  .Ill  -'!n.:'ioii  •  of  'I:.  .;  iw-niii  ni  sjrief, 
,.]  i:  .  ;r  /,        ■        ••  -    m,  1'  1  :r 

tl.i.  '.'y  to  !  1-  :•  •!••  ;!•  And  «i  •'  • 
n  ri  •:  n-  not  by  his  coming  only,  out 
also  by  the  ccmfort  which  he  I  iin-.  if 
received  from  you  1       '[''■"■  e,'ni;',,r'  v.-'U 

:■.]•■■'  lu'  Ua>  I'on  .M..1  ill  r.  ■p.,'t  .'t  \'.'l, 
ill  >.  nr  ea-.'"i.  I  itn-  pa--i  -  "ii  'o  I'.nil 
th.'  e.iiiifort  whieh  he  lia.l  liiin-el." 
rimoeil  w'1.11  he  saw  the  ehaiiLteil  »pir- 
i'n  il  cotiilition  of  the  Corintlii.m  ehnroli. 
Tit  It-'  lu  u  s  comforted  I'.iitl,  as  he 
told  us  the  story  ifius.  ptc.  di.a-)fir«\Xu)i' » 
of  YOUR  longing  to  see  inc.  of  YOUR 
mourning  at  the  irreijnlarities  in  the 
ehureh  ami  at  voisr  toler.Ttinn  of  the  ofTen- 


i'u.  VIII 


n  roKlXTIIIANS. 


171 


I  •  r  I'liiiitll  I  V  ■  :  'A  ill    1  t- 

1,  'I.T,    I    .1..  ■■  1-  I  !.    ■        .  ■     I        '.    •  • 

t     f'T   I   jMTi-.  .\f  til..*    ■        -  t  j  ;      •    !  . 

I  II!  r't    >   11   -  .ri>.  t;.i'.i_!i  it  !■  ' 

•   r  a  -1  .i-'ll. 

.1    N    \   I  n  'i.u-i\  !'  ■  l'  i"  •.  1  w  ■  r.-  if, 
.  I  :    .  ■    t   t'l  i!   \v        ■         \  '      I  ■  •  •■' 


■  w  .itt.  r 
t  r .  ,  ■  n  !■  li.i! 


!.':t  l!;r    ■•ti..,\  • 


t,  I  «  ■. 


:  -      I    I  (    •    \  .   .r:-\  of  YOl'R  /cal  ..ti 

Tiiy  behalf.     ■  :r  •  I 

■  1  III  ■•   ^  ,  ■I'-i.ii  n    so  that,  !  .  r 

•  M  I  '  I  '  ■  I.  II  file,  I  was  made 
even'  more  t>lad  il  .iii  '>>  In-  nii  ti-  v  - '. 

-ii.l  .1-  li  .il  til. nil-  inc.     )    u  .ititt'H  tiitu. 

1 ,  ;h  ,1'  1  i|.    I  -    m   li"  lit    O't  •!  I  !    I"    !'if  il. 
11.       IT'  ".\     i;  'I    . '  il    u '  ,1  'i    I  ',nil    11  ,  ! 
«!i  1 .11  /  ,  '  I  .  •  .I  t.    A  n  1'  11  ■  IS  Mi  u 

i  I -lu  .  .Tni'iK  tr'.-ii  hi,  III 

8.  I'.iiil  iH'w  ri  M  Tls  ilrfiiiil!  ly  and  i\ 
•>;     lly  111  tlir  Mllitrvt  <'i  tlir  li  '.liT  (  ,i|'I'.ii 
fntl>    1   l"' .1  iiitln.iii- ;  and.   I'-r  l!ii'  ^I'.ril'i,- 
inciiliiit,  cf.  I  I  "r.  v  i,  wliiili  111-  !;.i'l  n  i 
s.ill  ti>  f' .ir  nni;'  •  li.ivi-  tin  r' !y  \r\rd  l!ir 
C..riiuln;m  «•!.  •  '..      r"  ■  :!  j.-  ••!!;.  r>v  tli<- 
spir'tnal   r< -I'l'     is  '  !■ 'i         :!;:■  •  iK-'l   n  '•> 
|ir  "ihu'i'.    For,  though  I  grieved  you  in 

the  letter  wliiili  1  wmti  tin-  tir-t  ri'  -!l. 

c.  rt.'uiily  ci.nt.iiii-  -  in..'  ^I'vi  rc  writini;. 
wliti'li  mav  ull  li.i' 1  I'l-miliatrd  an.l 
v;riiv.d  tl.i-  pr.  -  i  (    int'-  I  do  not 

regret  it.    \    \  ,  i  '      t;  .   lu  \!  1 1 :  •-  »< 

hai  ufTffiiXvu-^i'  ur  i~  r  -i.  "  1  il.i  ii.'t 
rr|H  li!.    l!.    -iijll     1     '11.!     r-  •    :  !."     It  Ill, 

tii-u!i         r  ■Aitli    \    K.  \    •     t.ik.  i'  uilli 
.MiiK    .l-.i:    .  •■  - 

1.  liim  c'liilr  '  '"  "  <•  X  »'('•■■.  •■  n.'VV  I  atii 
i;I.id  ■  Though  I  WAS  inclined  to  regret 
Il  1  i!il.s  aiii'i-.ir>  t'l  I'c  U.i  di  li.-.it.'  .-'m.!.- 
of  iiKaniliK  Miijdiid  tiy  t!u  iiiii'i  i  l.  '  ti-r-i  I 
--for,  '  a.'.'-  1  i-iii!'.  lu'.iIU.  I  see,  ii'-n 
•'■    i;.  ... .   i  -  I.I       I  II'. ■,  that  that 

Utter  grieved  yt-a.  though  L  it  for  a  sea- 
son—  NOW  tli.it  I  kii.'w  li  .  whiiK-  tr'uli, 
I  am  glad  ( xav"-',  ^  i-  xa^iiai.  VI  r  71. 
i!u-  rcadiiiK  in  vir.  8  i.^  iinci  rla'n.  Imt  tia- 
Kiini'.il  >tn»e  is  IK.!  atTecU'U.  .■^'  iii-  .\i>S. 
(!iill..tted  liy  \Vi.>t.-.itt  and  H'TI  I  utnil 
■><«p  .liler  /SXtVij  —  >:iii])ly  "I  mi-  that  .  .  ." 
\\i>tii'lt  and  li'irt  n<<  ftirtlnT  and  -ii-ji:!-' 
that  /iXtirctf  is  "pnihalily  a  iiriinitivc  irn" 
f,,r  p\firu>i>  (paitio  I  — ■■  tl:";i;;l!  1  ni'iiilr'l. 
jiViMji;  that  tb.it  Umit  yruMd  yi.  i.'  I'.nt 
the  imi)rc.i.-i. '11  i  ri.i!'.!  li>  111.'  ii.in  r.i'u  ^is 
of  the  ordirarv  1-  'iin.!!  in"ir  lu.lx. 

9.  Of  r..'ir-r  I'a'il  ■-  ""I  k'"'  '''  -'I  y 
\\  iTO  grii'\  1  ■  i  :  t"  .  iiu  \\  '  ill  II  ir  .liid  di  i!  !i 
vv;is  oiu'  uilli  In-  i-iiii..rl^  Imt.  .1  i  .  ti'' 
prit'f  "t  i-"ii\iTt<  \>.  -  l'l  In-  .1  t;ri.  1  t.. 
him.  It  ti  l'  f:ut  •■  .:  ;!i.-r  ltIiI  l..ai'^ 
spiritii.al  fruit,  a'  '  •  '  ■  a  cliaiiKc 
of  mental    (Mffa..  .1   -piruual  atti- 


iiiit  bec  iiise  y.'u  wete  f;ii<  vpd,  I  iit  l>e 
cause  your  urief  i>sued  in  n-(>tntaiu e. 

i       ■'    li'l'  i    W  [•    '     '    '    1  •  .  11,    I     •     !•  ••    ■  1. 

I.  .-.  ■•  -.■  .Ix  <  I.  ..|  1-  1  .1.  .  it  U.IS 
111    ,U  '  ■  '■    i    '  I  .      U  1 !  '1    tin-    .  In    •  ■      l\  1   i.    It    1  '  ■!! 

'  .!i  •    ■!     ■  I     .1'  I    II     111     I  .     ; .'     1;     I  •     ( (  ■./ 

I'l'i  "'  for  you  were  grieved  in  a 
godly  manner,  that  in  no  respect  might 
you  KuHer  loss,  111  |>  trtu 'i!  ir,  m  r.  v:  ml 

111  \i  '11  .i.i/r .j/i.  »;  (Mf.  in.  from  us.  Vca  n 
«!•  liml  t!i.-  v,,-ii.-  111.  '.], -t  iitiili  t -l.i'i  ir.(  nt 
:i>  in  M-r  J.  I  lu-  di-.iia-  .  l.uii  inai  ..I 
lliiir  >;  '.|ly  >i.i-t..\\  r.nil  ri-i'M-'ir-  .!•>  that 
(la  y  niii;!it  r  tin  i.'->  Ii.'iii  I  w,  ^M.-h 

.IS  tln->  \\ .  .--I  1  '  i  .       ■: '  I .  .1     ,  !  '     It    •  .1 
f'lW  I"  1-11  .  .1    1      i  ■  i.l! .    I  1:  ai .      :  :  p       !  .-f 
t.u  t.  la'i  ..•  ■-.   II  .  I..--.  I  -u  till-  '  't 

^aiil  -     .  -    :  . .  '  .  .!-   I. .   ^i'<  ■  .\    1-1   \ '  1 

Ill,  t  t  1,1  1  i""  .  ■■'  ■'  .  Ill  ',1  '■  -:ii  I'aitl 
atn!  hi-.  -'..Ill  all  .      'I  1.  ■  i  i . 

10.  I  I.-  •  .iw  .  •  1  '•  1  ■  -  •■  -I  -,  .  !ii.-!l 
ill.  \  I.  !;.  \'W  --i.Us  ■  -  ',K  a  •  It  i  'l  111 
li  Ill:,-  and  i.).':  ;  1  11.  wi'li  '  ,t  .'tinr 
«..rri'\\,  whah  la-  li.id  I.  .ii.  .1  u  '-  ,,'!  llu-y 
I  '■  .1  -I'll  I'aallv   i'. .11.11  -.111.. A,  whu-h 

i-  'I  :  .:r  an.!  d.-.it!;.    For  godly 

grief       ■  »       1|    p  '  • .  -   i'  -.  1 1  t.t 

<,    1    -w.iks,  ■'     • -.   repentance  which 

issues  in  ."•'  salvation  that  is  not  to  be 

regretted.    It  -    \'ry    diKirnlt    t..  s.iy 

wliitlit  r  till-  la-l  .idji  i  tivi-  I  du«Ta^t.\ijro» ) 
-'i.aild  In-  takiii  with  till-  word  r,-f,-ntantt' 
,,T  ,v  i/r .i/ii'ii  -.1  t  ir  as  the  i.rdir  nf  the 
w.irds  IS  ci.nrrriii  i.  i  itlit-r  wi'iild  he  p'>s- 
'-.ilik-  ,iiiil  iiiirinal  (  i  (ireek  ii-iai;e.  .\  V. 
siiv;',;i  -  ,1  pl.iy  np-.n  tin-  wnr.!-.  uhuh  is 
May  t  innliar  in  dri-i-k — "  ri7-,-ii.Mn.  ,■  to 
salv.iti'  r.  11. .t  t-i  1"-  (.■,•.  '■.'.  ./  "t  "  appar- 
enll.     .1    r.-i'iiitai  .      ui.a  ii    u   aM  lu-xer 

II.  ■  .1  t.i  111-  lip.  I  id  I'f     i!i!t  till-  pl.iy  is 
i!"i      •vryc-'i  'l  hy  the  (iri  i  k,   wlnrli  ii-cs 
tvv.iil  fd  y,  '  *  \\ ( iriN M''^'^*'***"^'.       ^^1'** ^^1""*' 
(111   I'-i-  ..liar  l',,ind.  "  ti"t    I.I  li.  r.p.irid 
111"  nii-,;!il  s,.-iii  ;i  viiiiii-'i,  il  1  t  ina-  rpitiii-t 
to  apply  Id  s,il-.ali"n,  Imt        '1  nad.-i -t.ili-- 
iiirn' .  ar..-  c 'iiii'i"!!  and  Iri.j-a  ml;.  i-\pii- 
-i\t--    (t.  "a  i:--.-'!!  i.f  !i"  M" m  11';.."- 
la-iK'i;  a  -.il  .ii.  'a  wlii'li  ii.i  i"i.    will  cvir 
rit^r.  t    ha.  1.:;    .ittanu'I.    li\vi\'r    hard    '  ' 
n-ai'i,    aihl    !a)\..r\.  r    di.irly    !...':yht  ( 
rii,itiiin  III    \Il.)r-li     ()]\  till-  ulii.li-.  hiiw 
evi-r.  It  siitii-  iimu-  apprnpia.ilr  l.i  i..iiaial 


MKIOCOrv  ItSOUITION  TBT  CHAIT 

(ANSI  and  no  TfST  CHART  No.  7) 


172 


II  COKINTHIANS. 


[Ch.  VII 


II  For  behold  this  selfsame  thing,  that 
ye  sorrnwed  after  a  godly  sort,  what  care- 
fulness it  wrniiKlit  111  >iiii,  Ti/ii;/  cle.ir- 
ing  ot  yiiiirscUes,  yea,  iinliniiatn  >n, 

yea,  whtit  fear,  yea,  «7iij/  veheiiunt  desire, 
yea,  what  zeal,  yea,  what  revenge!    In  all 


thiiif;s  ye  have  approved  yourselves  to  be 
dtar  in  this  matter. 

ij  Wherefore,  though  I  wrote  unto  you, 
I  Jid  it  not  for  his  cause  that  had  done  the 
wrong,  nor  for  his  cause  that  sutTered 
wrong.  Inii  that  our  care  for  you  in  the 
^ight  of  God  might  appear  unto  you. 


the  adjective  with  the  word  "repentance." 
But  the  grief  of  the  world  works  out, 
results  in,  death.  The  grief  of  the  world 
is  such  as  is  felt  by  those  who  belong  to 
the  world,  and  not  to  thi-  kingdom  of  (jod 

—  grief  in  whieli  tlie  thought  of  tiod  is 
not  prt'Miit,  grief  which  is  not  Kara  Oeoc, 
wliich  no  relation  to  (iod,  grief  wiiicli 
thinks  only  of  Its  own  luiiiiiliation,  aiul 
whiih  is  not  ;iice|iii(i  a>  (hscipline  (xn.  -M  ) 
.Hill  as  ;i  nu'aiis  oi  s|]iritiial  proKress.  Sr.cli 
grill,  lia^MiK  no  outlook  upon  dod  .'iiid 
iiopi',  lan  only  consunu-,  wiliier,  deaden 
tlu'  soni,  hiiiii;  it  to  despair  and  death: 
.salv.ilion  i>  ini|M i-vilili'. 

II.  Ill  c-oiic.Ih  ir.HK -1  of  wh.i;  ho  I:as 
just  s.iid  aliont  tin-  itioct  of  >;uil]y  .iiricf. 
lie  appeals  to  tlu  ir  own  recrnt  exiu  ru  lu  e. 
It  wa>  I'n.s  I  tv  V  tUiii^  (aiTO  roi  ro )  and 
not  something  el.se,  that  produced  the  mar- 
velous change  in  the  Corinthians  which  he 
proceeds  to  describe  in  detail.    For  see! 

—  they  cannot  deny  the  evidence  of  their 
own  eyrs  —  this  Very  thing,  your  godly 
grief,  i  nuan  —  what  earnestness  it 
vrrought  for  you,  so  unlike  your  previous 
iiulilierinci' ;  nay,  not  only  earnestness,  but 
(dXXd)  ,il>o  what  self-vindication,  as  yon 
maiiit.inu  (I  your  innocence  In  lore  I  ii  is,  in 
the  ni.ittir  oi  the  tran-urc-sor  (  i  (\  \  v.)  : 
nay,  iioi  .,nl\  m-; t -\ ihiIkm! n in.  t  ut  indigna- 
tion at  the  1  r.m-urt  s^or  ;  nay,  not  only  in- 
<ht;iiaiion.  l  ut  alarm,  h  ^l.  it  tin'  situation 
.should  not  nnproM.-.  "!  ,-honM  i-cpinc  willi 
a  rod"  (I  (.'•■r.  iv.  _'l  )  ;  nay,  iimI  only 
alarm,  hul  longing  lor  nu'  to  e  nu  ;  nay, 
not  only  loni^mu  tor  nic.  but  zeal  .'iijain-t 
the  tilleiiiUr;  nay,  a  /lal  which  was  not 
a  mere  uiiprcxlnctive  emotion,  but  which 
expressed  itself  in  the  inlliction  of  just 
punishment.  With  characteristic  gener- 
osity Paul  here  says  nothing  of  their  former 
inditTerence  (I  Cor.  v.  2,  <>)  to  their 
brother's  ilisgrace,  which  had  pained  him 
so  much,  and  evoked  from  him  some  vtry 
stern  words:  there  hail  at  least  been  no 
t'osithc  participatiim  on  their  part,  and 
rani,  in  the  cMitierance  of  his  joy  at  their 
fruitful  rcpcni.ince,  is  content  to  say  that 

tln>    h.iM-  "  .ipl'l  • '\  1  il   lliilllsiUrs   III   1.  I'V- 

ihiii^:"  In  everything  you  commended 
yourselves,  and  shou.d  yourselves  to  be 
pure  in  the  matter  —  the  disgraceful  mat- 


ter to  which  Paul  does  not  wish  to  allude 
more  specitioally  (T<f  ritiynari), 

12.  Paul  admirably  roncludes  (^P")  this 
description  of  the  eliect  of  his  letter  upon 
the  Corinthians  with  the  assertion  that  the 
real  object  of  that  letter  was  that  they 
might  learn  how  much  they  cared  for  him. 
They  did  not  properly  know  this  till  their 
Iir.ictical  response  to  Ins  letter  had  re:  eaU'd 
{ '.'lanpiiOrji'ai }  it  to  tlu  in.  Cerl.nnly  one  of 
the  oh.iccts  of  that  Utter  h.id  hern  to  have 
the  '■  wron.n-docr  "  solemnly  condemned  I  l 
Cor.  V.  ,V.sl,  but  tins  was  for  the  church's 
s.ike  It  Cor.  V.  y)  .is  well  as  for  his  own; 
the  yre.it  iilnccl  of  the  It  lu  r.  howc\cr,  clc- 
siuiiid  hy  I'rovidciKH'  •{  not  hy  r.iul,  could 
only  he  rc.id  in  the  sii|ncl,  ulucli  rc\i;iled  in 
them  an  earnest  loy.iliy  to  him  deeper  than 
they  bad  dreamed  of.  So  then,  though  I 
did  write  to  you  (it  was)  not  for  the  sake 
of  the  incestuous  man  that  did  the  wrong, 
nor  yet  for  the  sake  of  him,  the  father, 
that  suffered  the  wrong,  but  that  your 
earnestness  on  our  behalf  might  be  made 
plain  among  you  ( ^pot,  not  "  to  you ") 
in  the  sight  of  God,  in  whose  presence, 
when  men  are  conscious  of  it,  only  sincere 
Conduct  is  possible  (iv.  2).  Some  MS.S. 
t  lollowcd  by  A.  V.)  read  ^V'  ^tocStjv  ritiuiy 
Tiji/  intp  e^wK,  "  (lur  care  for  yi'i<  "  1  iiis 
j  is  commonplace;  the  other  is  nr.ch  more 
j  >nhlle  .•nid  ileiicate,  and  ciinte  in  llie  skilful 
,  coneiliaiory  vein  tliat  runs  tliroii.uli  tlie 
I  wliole  paraKr.u'li.  That  is  why  we  have 
I  been  comfort- d,  lie^  ai'si'  the  ohject  of  the 
letter,  as  jii.st  detined,  nas  been  attained. 


The  Joy  of  Titus  at  the  Sens  He  Brought 
(vii. 

The  news  of  the  changed  situation  in 
Corinth,  which  had  so  comforted  and  glad- 
dened Paul  (vv.  6,  7)  h.id  been  brought 
I  to  him  by  Titus:  in  a  few  additiotial  words 
'  he  lets  the  Corinthians  feel  how  much  that 
news  h.nl  meant  to  I  itns,  as  well  as  to  him- 
self, litMS.  too,  had  been  refreshed  and 
cheered  hy  what  he  had  scm  in  C'oriinli. 
.mil  Ills  h^.llI  Willi  olll  10  liie  piMjiie.  .IS  he 
tlioiii;lit  of  the  wi  Iconic  they  had  exteiideil 
to  him.  It  w.is  the  more  iniiiort.mt  for 
Paul  to  reassure  the  Corinthians  of  the 


Ch.  VII] 


II  CORINTHIANS. 


173 


1.!  Till  rciMrc  \vl-  w  ere  coniforti-d  in 
yi'ur  CMint"rI  :  y<  .1,  and  c\iH  f(li;iKiy  tlio 
niiirc  ji<\\i\  wo  fur  tin-  jny  of  Titus,  lio- 
c,ui>o  lii-i  ••pint  \\a<  rifrtslu-d  l>y  \i.n  all 

14    I'iir  if  I  have  Ima-iiid  .my  tiling  I  ' 
liiiii  of  yon,  I  am  imi  a^hatni'il ;  Imt  as 
spake  ail  things  to  jou  in  truih,  even  so 


our  I)'>a>tinK.  winch  I  made  before  Titus, 

'  is  f.'und  a  trntli. 

j     15    Ami   In^    in\>aiil    a'Tn-tmn   i-,  mnro 
lalunidant    touarrl   \<<\\.    wiiil^i    In-   ■  nieni 
Itiitli  till'  olifdu-nrc  ,.f  \..n  all.  llow  with 
liar  ami  ircmlilnti^  m-  riiiivni  liiiii. 

I'l  I  K-i'iicf  tluTftnrc  that  I  have  con- 
t'i(Kiii'o  in  >iiii  m  .ill  tlmi^^s. 


Krt-.il  place  tlicy  liad  in  tlio  heart  ot  I'ilns, 
.IS  he  w.is  retnrinni;  to  Lnriiith  in  connec- 
liiin  with  the  eolKetuni  t'>  l)e  di>cn'--ed  in 
the  next  two  chapters  (  vni.  (>. 

13.  Pan]  has  jii>t  spoken  of  the  i,im- 
f'  tl  he  h.id  exiieneiieeil  ,1  the  succe>^ful 
i-"Ue  of  his  letter,  lint  there  \\,is  inori; 
ill. in  comfort,  there  was  delight.  I'anl  re- 
joiced with  tlloM-  who  reioieed,  and  the 
manifest  happiness  of  Tims,  as  he  came 
hack  with  his  good  news,  liad  provoked 
I'anl  also  to  happiness,  indeed  to  a  tr.ni~ 
port  which  he  can  only  descrihe  iiy  the 
joniewiiat  nniisnal  «U'vicc  of  f.vo  comp.ira- 
tive    adverbs    ( TepiffffOTfpwt    ^d\\o»).  And 

in  addition  to  (or  po^^ihly  simply  in)  our 
comfort,  we  were  made  the  more  exceed- 
ingly glad  by  the  gladness  of  Titus - 
his  f;lad;ie-s  lu  iuk'  because  refreshment 
( acaireVarTai  co  iio  iir^t.  and  is  i  inphatic) 
has  come  to  his  spirit  from  all  of  you 

(diro,  fr.  iii:  thry  are  the  .v.'K'.i'  of  the 
refre-liini;  I .  liiiis  ni.iy  u>ll  l;aw  started 
for  Corinth  with  niis^iiviiiK-.  h  it  he  fomid 
there  a  reception  as  niianini' i:is  ( irdi'Tu'i  1 
as  it  w,i>  Mirivn-iiiK',  It  i--  h-  .v/-;!!/  that 
w.is  refri-lud.  jiist  as  it  w.i^  I'.iui"^  sfinl 
(n.  ij;  rit-sli.  vii.  5  )  th.it  w.i>  tr.  ■iihl<-d. 

14.  Despite  the  str,i;iud  rel.iti'ns  hr- 
tween  I'anl  and  the  Cornithians  -  on  tlu  ir 
part  at  lea-t,  though  not  on  his  (\i.  11- 
ij) — he  yet  believed  in  the'ii,  and  was 
not  afraid  even  to  boast  of  them  'o  '!  itus  — 
( cf.  ix.  J,  where  he  l)oasts  of  their  lib- 
erality). Taul's  ,  !  tiilence  may  have 
helped  to  all.iy  i  in'  ii"-givinKs,  when  he 
started;  and  I', ml  rrl.itc  •  Here  with  e\i'!ent 
I>le,i«iire  th.it  hiN  e"nlidi'i..'e  in  the  (."orin- 
tliian^  had  1"  ' n  nion-  i!  a;i  jnstitinl  l>y  their 
trialMMlt  of  li  -  iT;-.,  iry.  lie  had  -[lokril 
tile  Irii'h.  a^  iv  h  ■  ■'.  h  ,iKv:i\ -  ^ji'.ik^  the 
iiiiih  For  if  I  have  made  any  boast  to 
him  about  you,  I  was  not  ashamed     y  >:\ 

!-howecl  the  iir..ih'.:e-  ul     !i  I  Im  1  t^^.l   l  i'iis 

\oii  w'MiM  -!i...v  On  the  contrary,  t  ir 
from  h.ivimr  any  occasion  to  he  a^li.ini' d, 
this  boasting  of  mine  ,i!  '"it  v  m   i  ^ome 

before  Titus  proved  true,  just  as  all  my 
words  to  you  were  true.  I  he  ap"-'!  - 
caniHil  lu  lp  jjlancni^  here  at  the  ch.irtie  fi 
ambiguity  and  insincerity,  wh-ch  seems  to 


have  vexed  him  deeply  ( i.  16-18,  ii.  17, 
IV.  -'I.  lie  h.id  sp.'krn  till-  iriitii  ,i'-,)ul 
tin  in —  1  itiis  can  crr!il'>  t"  tli.it  hi-  ^en'K 
I  reminds  tlii  ni  th.it  all  In^  .■.  .r<N  ■  .  tin  lii 
(ilu-  fieri  lice  i>  mit  to  ln^  l.,icli;m;i  were 
j;'.^!       true  .1^  Ins  c. •inmeinl.i' 1.  .ii  ul  tlieiil 

15,  16.    And   1  iti;>  i-  .i>  h.ipi  I,  .1     1  .1111 
His  heart  i  .itVu-,  yi  i,  ,1    \i    i^  ,  goes  out 
to  1  ht.  IJ-  i'  <\ .1' ,is )  you  the  more  abun- 
dantly, as  he  recalls  the  obedience  of  you 
all  do  the  me>~aKe  sent  h)   I'.inl )    -  how 
with  fear  and  trembling  you  welcomed 
him.    T  hese  words  mi>;ht  i)e  taken  literally, 
as  the  me-ssai;c  was  a  stern  one,  iiuolvniK 
a  solemn  condenm.-ition  of  the  evil-doer  (1 
1  Cor.  v.  .r?'  .  Iirt  they  may  imply  no  more 
i  th.m  th.ii  l;ii.-h  and  scrnpiil<nis  seriousness 
I  with  whii  li  ;i:e  relation^  hetwei  ii  .1  people 
,-ind  it>  nii!ii  !.  r  ("r,  a-  here.  hi>  repu-^iiit.i- 
jtue)  sIv-uM  he  ■•ii-laim  d     llin-.  as  before 
l(\er.  I.i  I  ilie  ri^jHi  t  .Old  uelci.nie  offered 
h>  the  I'orimliMiis  t.p   li--:,  ari-  nn.MriiioiK 
I  I  TO-ra'n,  and,  for  the  ir..       i;I.   l'.i-i~  v 

oi  hippim  ss  is  full.    I  am  glad  that  in 
every  respect  I  am  of  good  confidence 
i  through   you  — II.. I      I    .mi    coiiti.lent  in 
;\..ii."  h-it  "1  am      rit'idi  lit.  c.  .iir.iKi-oiis,  anil 
I  tills  feelinn  of  mine  repo-,--  iii  1     I  \.)ii- 
!>..ii    are    tlu-    s..ini-e    ..f    iii>    c  .liti.li-iu-e  " 
!  Coiir.iKc"  w.is  one  of  IViiil's  walchu.irds  (  v. 
'  <>,  Si,  and  he  pays  his  Corintln.ni  converts 
a  great  oonipliiiieiii  m  reu  irdinn  them  as 
the  inspiration  ot  Ins  eoiilideiice.  Stanley 
gives  the  sense  well  — "  1  am  l«>ld  thruuKli 
your  encouragement." 


Ihis  whole  chapter  (tonctber  with  vi  tl 

ii.tl  is  .m  interi-stniLr  te  >!.!ti'.ii  ol  I'l'il's 
i  hirLie  li;:iiiaiiit\ .  ainl  .f  !.  -  -^r- .1:  c.i]-!Ci'\ 
I'.r.  ,-ind  11... i  of,  frMii.Miip  The  jo>  th.il 
shine-  lip. .11  tile  t,..  ■  f  1  I"-  Is  n  tler'id 
np.'ii  th.-  t.iee  i.t  I'. I'd  lie  eonifor  .-d 
hy  the  slight  liiin  i\i-r  f.  1  .  !;e  1-  111. nle 
b.ippy  by  the  .ry  !  .  hri-  'j-  ot  t!:e  tit:.- 
I  iiris'ian  fe.-hrt;  .hspl.i\-.-.l  h\  In-  .li-'.iiil 
( '.  .rintliiail     frieri'l-      11.     ci"".  !     hr.-ir  to 

i--'r  iiiiri  nil  lit  ;  i'  is  a  dei  |)  11. '.■■■--.■\  ..|  In- 
nature  that  the\  ni.ike  r"om  f. -r  liini  <:<. 
hearts  (  ver   ji;  they  are  in  Ins  lii.irt  for 
life  and  death  (ver.  3>. 


174 


II  COIUXTIIIAXS, 


[C'u.  VII 


And  thouKli  (rr(>r>        Imii  luithcr 

few  iicr  invKr  ■  fr:itikl>  rii<iKiiiz<-'>  llU'ir 
adiiii! .ililr  (|iKili;  ' I'Mii  wlu-ii  the  tt'ii.-inn 
was  ki  iii ;  anil  he  j-praks  uf  tluin  to  Ins 
friL-nd  I'itiis  with  pndc,  knowing  that  his 
conf«lcnce  iti  them  will  not  be  put  to  shame. 
He  is  vexed  when  they  are  vexed;  but 
he  is  too  true  a  friend  to  say  Peace,  when 
there  is  no  peace.  It  i>  his  duty  to  write 
the  letter  wlncli  will  vrit  vt-  tlain.  Init  he 
writes  it.  in  the  faith  lliat  it  will  linni;  tlu  iii 
to  a  better  mind;  and  he  cm  liaidls  tiiid 
words  to  express  the  conscjlation  and  the 
happiness  with  which  his  soul  was  flooded 


at  the  news  of  their  Christian  receptuin  of 
Tinis  and  their  i>l)edHr.i.e  to  his  incsr.aKe. 
riie  words  comjt'it  ;ind  joy  chase  each  other 
tliroiiKhiiiit  the  paraKf^ipli.  One  c^n  feel 
the  passion  of  the  friend  and  the  orator 
be.'itiiiK  behind  the  swift  and  breathless 
references  to  their  longing,  their  tears,  their 
zeal,  their  e.Trnestness.  their  sclf-vindica- 
tiiiii.  their  indi^natii in.  their  terror.  They 
are  the  inipa»ii>ned  words  ot  one  who 
loved  the  men  to  whnm  he  preached,  of 
j  one  wlxj  felt  that  he  w  i^  iiuK  hted  to  them 
I  for  no  small  measure  of  his  happiness  and 
courage. 


VII 


on  of 

other 
I  feel 
)rator 
thless 

tlu-ir 
kIici- 

I  lu-v 

V  h.'. 
d,  of 

them 
s  and 


176 


li  (  OKINTIIIAys. 


[Ch.  VllI 


COLLECTION  l  Ok  THE  POOR  AT  JERUSALEM  (viii.-ix). 

CHAPTFR  8.  I    2    Il<nv  ili.it  in  a  jjrcat  trial  of  affliction, 

[the  al'iiinl;iiui'  of  tlu'ir  joy  and  tiu-ir  deep 
I    MoKKovi  R,  lin  thn-n,  wc  do  you  to  wit!tM>vi'i  y  uboaiidcd  unto  the  riches  t>f  their 
of  tlif  uraif  of  (iod  bestowed  on   the  I  lilK-rality. 
churdies  of  Macedonia : 


raiil  now  addresses  himself  to  the  ques- 
tion t)f  till'  collection  for  tlie  j>oor  at  Jeru- 
salem, and  his  treatnuiit  of  this  question 
is  so  full  as  to  justify  us  in  rcKardiuK 
these  cliai'^crs  as  coustitutinji  one  of  the 
Kreat  divisions  of  the  epistle.  I'aiil  had 
jfood  ft  a^on  1.  ir  ri  i;.inlinv;  this  collection  as 
a  niallM  oi  im-Mii.ir  ,niiiort.iin.-e.  lie  ree- 
oj-On/eil  lliat  the  altnmle  ol  llii'  l"ori!ithi.in ^ 
to  it  would  lie  no  inif.ur  ti-~i  ol  tlnir  r( 
liyioii  It  would  show  how  will  tluy  li.id 
It  anu  d  the  vr^n-e  ol  the  I.i.mI  Je-.;i-  l  liii^l, 
who,  tlionuli  lie  was  ruh.  y<t  lor  tlieir 
sakes,  hail  li(e..ni<  |ioor  (\''r.  <)t.  Hut. 
ai)art  from  llii>-.  I'aiil  hail  lien  eiiininis 
sioiU'il  hy  tlie  leaijers  ol  the  Jernsa'eiii 
ilnireli,  when  llu  v  laaM  hini  the  n!.:lit  hand 
of  fi  111 "W^li ip  anil  ai  km i\\  le(li;i  il  hnn  a^ 
iinssiotiary  to  the  'ientile>.  to  "reiiuinher 
the  poor."  and  tin-,  naturally  he  was 
"zealous  to  do"'  Kial.  ii.  to).  The  im- 
portance of  the  suhjcct  to  Taiil  ji'vtifies 
his  relatively  elahorate  treatment  of  it.  and 
the  Christian  wisdom  and  tact  with  which 
he  handled  men  .md  alTairs  are  nowhere 
more  conspicuous  than  in  this  discussion. 


The  liramfilc  <>f  lltr  .1/itc  .•i/chAjii  Cliioiiiis 
(viii.  1-7'- 

I.  The  pas-a'je  o)ii  us  -.Kiifit'lw  Paul  i< 
al  .  Mil    III    ..pp.  .il    to    !!:<•    Ish.  r  i  >1  l!:r 

C'o!  iii;l  i.r,i-.  111  ni  ve  epiiii  llu  MI  to  shmv 
llleiiivih,^  :!v  ill  ili!^  \;!l'ie  a-  llliv 

Wire  111  illiii^  1  \  1  r.  71;  Ii.-  lia--  .aln-.iily 
Iire]i.iriil  ilie  w  i\  hy  e\|ire-^i"L;,  .it  tin  end 
III  till    1,1^1  eh.ipti  r.  iny   .nul  e^ ''il'iiK-m-e 

ill  tlieni.  A'l  .'  /l  A ..■  .  ;  tlu\  iMimut  af- 
ford to  dls.ippoint  till'  Colll'ldelk'e  whiell 
their  own  llohle  cmiihii't  lia^  r.iiveil  in  the 
hos.ini  oT  ihe  apo^ile  (vii.  |;).  (If  course 
he  h,is  .a  ■imeitts  to  aih.mce  —  the  e\.am- 
ple  of  tl-  iinpoverishid  Connthi.ni>.  most 
of  all  till  eN.iinple  of  .legits.  Imt  hefore 
he  --tarts  the  diseitssinn  :\\  he  lets  thi-in 
fe.  i  lii.ii  ..f  .;.  uiih 

men.  wlio  li,i\e  .-il!.  !.]\  i;i.i.Iileiii  1!  li'~  luarj 
and  raised  ht^  1:  ]<■  -  h-.-h  Th-v  iili!,er.il 
ohiections  are  alni..-!  il's.irnn '1  !>>  antici- 
patiun,   especially    as   he   addresses  them 


afTectionately  as  locthrcn.  Now  ( S«  starts 
a  new  siihject).  brethren,  we  should  like 
to  inform  you  of  the  grace  of  God. 

He  is  about  to  speak  of  money,  hut  he 
never  once  mentions  it:  it  would  even 
seem  as  if  he  deliherately  avoided  the  word. 
He  lets  the  lipht  of  reiiKion  iil.iy  .ihont  it. 
and  in  that  li^ht  it  is  trans|i>;iired.  If 
nun  Kive.  it  is  of  the  .cij.i'  ii/'  i.iod.  ulio 
li.is  enilow<il  them  at  once  with  the  pnwer 
;inil  ill  sjri'  to  >;ive.    So  the  liln  r  i!it\ 

III  '111  M aci  iloni.ins  I'.ml  eliar.icten-:  ie.i!l> 
ill -i  ll!.,  s  II. it  SI,  iiuK-h  ;is  ,7i,-i)  ^'ilt  to  the 
jeru-.iliiii  )i.ior.  hut  .is  (,',.,y.\-  Lint  tlicin: 
given  in  i.ir  jj/i.'i.'l,  ;  iiraeti.- il'y  aliiii'  • 
eip'.il  to  ,',1  the  churches  of  Macedonia, 
sinh  as  I'iiuippi.  1  il. --.ill  luie.i.  I'.erm.i. 
uliii'li  Paul  had  \i-iti.l  1  \et,  wi,  wiii. 
In  a^enliiiiL;  llie  Maei  ilniiian  iiln  r.ility  to 
the  t;r.iee  of  (iod,  laid  nirikes  it  |il.iin 
that  he  has  no  desire  to  praise  the  .\I,Ke- 
doiiians  at  the  exju  nse  of  the  Coriiithi.ins ; 
it  is  (iod  who  worketh  in  them  (Phil.  ii. 

3.  The  divine  srace  hestoweil  upmi  the 
.M.ie.il'iin.ins  w.is  m.amfest  in  this  that, 
sorely  put  to  the  test  as  th«!y  were  by 
affliction,  s.,  f.ir  were  they  fjoin  repmiii); 
or    siu-eiiinl'ini;    th.u    li.iy    rejoiced  ~  they 

•■■•uinfU^iitliy   st  1   the   t< -t    nf   .itlhclion  : 

.:u>!  the  abundance  of  their  joy  and  their 
deep  I  lit.  r  .icIuu.l:  i/.tii;  t.'  :lir  ,1,-rtln 
poverty  abounded   iiul  i.\iin  a.iI  into  .1 


u 


.t  hli 


h.IV 


.  .  tncK 


'/V.  as 


'<•}•:•  >  •!.    ft  w.v.     t  ;:■  1!    f  ■; 

the  RICHES  of  thi.-ir  liberality. 

liie  pi  ui  ral  )io\i  rly  In  .111  uluch  \l.ici  .1.  .Ui.i 
w.is  sulPrnii;  al  that  peri.id.  pir!i\  ,is  tlu- 
irsult  I't  the  kiiinaii  civil  war-,  the  Chris 
ti.tiis  wouli!  he  suliiecleil  to  spc,  i.,i  p,  r-e 
cillliiil  I  I  I  lies,  ii  14  f.  cf.  .\cts  \\i  JO  I  ; 
lull  ill  ( )  it  their  joy  ahiunul.  d;  and. 
/-.'I'r  as  they  were,  they  expres^n]  it  in  a 
;,i-i;/.7iy  liherality.  The  lhin,i;  w;is  so  re- 
markahle  that  the  lan.uiiatje  takes  the  form 
of  [i.iradox;  notice,  too,  the  repetition  of 
till  -Ii.iiil;  will  li-uoii/  lluil  u«\uri)t 
1 -iiiipheily  :  tlu  n.  simple  lil'i-i\ilit\ »  w.is  thv 
c .niliiiied  result  {fit)  of  their  joy  and  their 
po\  erty  ;  like  the  widow's  mite  (  Luke  xxi. 
i  i  ).    Hi.-  jMJvcrty  too  was  deep  («i«t4 


Ch.  VIII] 


II  CORINTHIANS. 


177 


,1    For  to  thi  ir  powi T.  I  licir  r<f..nl.  vi  ,i.  Imt  tir-f  (;;ivf  tli,-ir  <nvti  selves  lo  the  Lord, 

ami  lieyiiiiil  llu  ir  imuer  th,y  re.  r,-  vmUhik  aii<l  iiiito  i:s  liy  tlie  wiil  I'l  (lo.l 
I'f  tlu'tnsolves;                                           j    t,    hi-. hihuIi  ili.it  we 

4    TrayiiiK  us  witli  much  entreaty  that  as  he  Im'I  heKim,  h 
we  would  receive  the  gift,  nml  lake  tift'it 
us  the  fellowship  of  ministering  to  tlie 
saints 


5    And  this  they  did,  not  as  we  hoped. 


siiid  runs,  tliat 
«  'iilil  alsii  tiiiisli 
iTi  the  same  j;rai"e  al-i. 

7  llierefcre,  as  ye  alimiui!  in  every 
thing,  i>i  faith,  and  ilttoraiu-e,  ami  kiMwI- 
ft\m;  and  in  all  diliReiue,  anil  in  your  luvc 
to  ;is,  si'i'  that  ye  altotnm  in  this  Ktaee  also. 


^dfoit),  liiit  her  lilier.ililv  u.is  ahiindailt  — 
slu'  "cast  in  tiiiire  than  ',!hy  .'ill." 

3,  4.  Ili'U  e.iuer  ,iiul  elH■r^;eli^•  the 
M.ieeili  iiiiaii  iihei.ilily  was  we  see  In 'in  the 
fullowinK  hrea!!;!!  ^,  i!i.  i  >  i-  (  m  r-i  s  (- 
51.  For  according  to  their  power,  I  bear 
witness.  ye>,  and  beyond  their  power, 
they  of  their  own  accord  —  not  only 
without  snhciiatiim  from  »is,  hut  actually 
soliciting  ts  with  much  entreaty  for  the 
privilege  o.  sharing;  in  the  ministration 
to  the  saints  i  In  l.^r  l!ie  1.1, u\-  |.ir  la\"nr  | 
.■iiul  l\  lh'\vslii|i  I  or  jian  leipa;  1011 1  in  iiiini-- 
teiilin  etc  I.  l.>  the  M .leeilotiiatl  ahurily 
the  he^it.itiiiii  'it  the  rich  y.'iniK  man  lornis 
.1  ii.itlulic  eiiiniast  (Mat.  \;\.  li<i).  The 
s.iiiie  word  xapis  is  h,  re  n-,.!  as  in  \.  r.  i  : 
their  othris  i-.  in  ;iii..:'.r 

(eul's  eil'l  to  tllelll.  'I  lii'  r.iii-ti  U'li,'!!  i- 
s'.inrv\hai  i.h--nri  ■  pr^l.t'  ly  t!:e  uotiK 
"  UlMi'e  "  .■iinl  '■  f  !h 'W^llip  "  are  i;.i\rlt!iil 
l'\    I'ir         ,1  I  .f  •i>^v,.tl'  I    whii'l  t.'ll"\\~ 

III  \  1  ;■.  l!:<ii'..^li  iiraiiitn.r  leally.  iheir  - 
einiiu  iit  hy  ^<i'i'(ioi  i  1  ..■-.■(  rh nr^  1  is  not  .an- 
SMlniely  exelinliil:  in  e;l!nr  e,i-.  .  th'-  e--en 
lial  nie.aniiiK  is  as  alow.  There  w.i-  iii'ire 
th.iii  s]iiintaiieity  I  ai'iilfXTOi)  nil  t!.e  part 
of  the  M.ieeiloniaii-.  there  w  .is  enthnsi.i -in  ; 
tliey  Counted  i.:.\iiii;  .is  a  pruihue  —  e-pi' 
CLillynivini-  to  the  Stiints.  di-t.int  tli'  ii-h 
they  wore,  f.ir  ihey  Were  I  reUiren  in  Clin-t 
-and  t!  '  \  ■.M  ir  -II  e.i'-;er  to  seenrc  this 
priuhi;e  ih.it  i;;i\  ,ir;;;,.;l>  luiii^rij  f.  ir  it 
earnestly.  I'anl  jiethap-  In  ins;  at  I'lr-t  ini- 
uilliiiC  to  take  much  from  men  so  po  r. 
I  lii  y  i;a\e  of  tlu  ir  <n\]\  accord,  th  1-, 
\\''liont  I'niif.in  s,  iheit.i'  ■  in.  |,i:t  t!u-  ,i:2!iu- 
w.V,  ■  >  as  a,-! >!!•.•  .11  •'  r  v  li' -  1  •  r  ;  ■ 
.  Ihe  v\i.r.KS-.:-."'o  ■■••,.!!    ■■  ui-:I.l 

tMvue  I  fl  e  I- 1  ft  ■■•  \  \'  a-  ••• -t  1  ::  d 
111  the  urea!  MSS.  :  they  ar  •  :•.!  i  1\  a  pi..—, 
an.!  are  riioiii\   ..initl..!  in    \  K 

5,  6.  And  th.eir  i;i\i::i,'  u:i-  not  as  we 
had  expected     ir.  .m  i  -.  r  :■•  I  i .1 

I"  .inli^    .'..t    I--,;.     V.    -    .  .    i       .  s... 

but  thev  gave  THEMSKl.VKS  ta  the 
Lord  first  and  to  us  1 1  -  niii!  -•.  r-  i  !  '  \  ■ 
ini;"ilse  to  fin-  lAiiher.arit  ,i':,l  -r! t  .h'! ; -i 
I  '  raliu  eame.  ,1-  it  oiilv  eonlil  come, 
through  the  will  of  God.  1  lis  w.is  the  will 
that  touched  their  wills  and  inspired  thetn 


'o  i:ni'  -o  l.ui-My  nut  o|  their  poverty, 
ihe  ule.i  1^  ii.it  ill,  t  th,  y  u.ue,  tir-1  them- 
selves, and  then  tin  ir  money.  Imt  tli.it  they 
h.id  l>onred  tlu  nis.  K.s  nii..  th.  ir  ^;iit. 
I  liey  h.i.l  ina.le  tlie  v;rt  .il  r.  nim.  i.i! ion  of 
.sell:  Coiiseijneiuly,  wiili  iluir  le-.-ireis  they 
servcil  not  themseK...,  Imt  the  |  nl  Si  in- 
ley  and  Ih-rn.ird,  lioue\er.  t.iki-  the  reier- 
encc  to  he  "the  il(\.iii.in  oi  p.  :-. mil  >er\ ict! 
in  the  work  of  spri.i.lmi;  the  L;ii-pil,  such 
,1s  was  (jiven  hy  .Sop.iter  i>f  lier.ie.i,  .Xris- 
l.irclius  and  .Seeini<liis  of  Tlvessalniiica 
(  \cts  XX.  4'  i'i,l  I'p  iphr.'ditus  of  Philipiii 
(  I'hil.  ii.  j;- 1  :  -l!i<y  Ka\e  "not  nu-rely 
their  liMiiey,  Imt  '  I lielllsi  1\ es  '  !■)  hi,  service 

las  constant  c.impanioiis '■  And  the  result 
"!   <       •    I  .       ),:■:■'■  ;r  i:ri -,-!ti-li 

was  that  we  urt;ed  upon  Titus 
that,  as  he  had  made  a  be>;inninB  before 
w  it!i  ihe  •!:,  •  •  •  :]  •  '  ■  -  I  ,■  ■;,  r  -i.iv 
:     (  i  rinih.  so  he  should  also  go  on  to 

I  complete  among  you   ,fu  i.  n,  ht     ■  n 

!  I'l  t;        ..f  \.m  "  :  hi,  ,i,  IK  'v   «    -  t.,  ,1] 

i         .1  / 

jer.,iu\  also  I 

I  .f  >.     I  he    ur.i,-,'   .,1    111  .  r.il        i-    i,  i    Ii,  re 

c.iiitr.i-l.(l.  .1-  in  \ir  7.  wrh  ..''  .r  er.i,.-, 
:C.^'.  /e.il  ;iiid  r  ;■.  niaiii-i-  1  ■.  ;  11.  i;l  i; 
'  uie        r,f.       not  :,,  j;.-,.v  ei.i..,  as  ,,;..i,i-e<| 

!.i  oth, Ts,  lint  p,  th,-  wl.,:le  c!i  -,  !.,'.i,!,s 

!'-e  oilu  r  work  wl.a'h  Tiliis  1,.„1  \.,  ,1,,,  h,. 

w.is        I  ti,  a't, ml  1,1 

7.    But  ,  Ti,.iyjh  of  thi,'   p.inl  hreaks  otT 

ihe  appi  :l  I'l  •;  ,■  M.ici  .I.ini.iii  e\  fiiiple.  and 

'\  ■   w  ■  1!  u, n-  ni  '.ri  ih.  ir  hi-in,.r. 

-Ml  !i  \vl>  ■■■  <••!•.  r  ur.  .  ■  -  w  .-r.-  .■nn-pi,-- 
wil!  ,'1! .  :  V  SI.     ■  ■'  ii  !'  .  ,,(■ 
''•'■■.'r:     As    ye    ah.  und    in  P^VKRY- 

THING  —  faith,    utlciaiuc,  knowledge. 

earnestness  of  every  kind,  your  hive  to 
1  me   I  'u.  I :  ■  iny   •' '    111   •, .  i-i.  ■ .  •-  ..i 

ii'e.  a,  lis  ..'  ,.,ii  (seei  that  yc  abound 
'in  this  grace  also.    In   r  .    t    •    , !  i 

•her.-  J-   .-,11   .  'I  p-,-  .  if  -  -n...        i,   \  ,.rl,  ns 
"[  'iT'  i'    \.i'i":   pr..l,ii,ly  the  in- 

''■'.■!>■.'     I    f     T  ,,.:/,  1  \<  ,r,U      i.v|-..r,  ,      in      ,  . .  (', 

'li, ■  I.  It       111-'-   i.|  ,.f  T,J  r,ii;.|F 

v<"i'    '/i'",-";.  \\,-!e..tt  :,n,i   ll,,rt  r.-.i.|  r. 
•  ^  ^uwi-  iv  iuif  07    (  i!,v  l'.-.,-  t,,  yoiii  ;  Imt 
to  regard   ['.nil's  love  for  the  ('.,riiiiln;ms 
jas  a  Rrace  of  tluirs,  is  distuictly  artitkiaL 


>■  'h  in  1   this  grace  ,.f  hh- 

Xa,)i9,  ,1    ,,, ,-,   ,  ,,|  \ ,  r-.   1  .ni,| 


li; 


1  i 


178 


U  CUUINTIIIANS. 


[Ch.  Vlll 


8  I  ^(u  ak  not  liy  rxniniantlnunt.  Init  liy  |  JeMis  Cliri>t.  iliat,  iIiouk!)  Ih-  w.is  rich,  yet 
<Hi'a-i"ii  nf  tile  forwnrdiu's,  i>f  otluTN,  and  ,  for  your  <iak»-»  he  l»ecamc  poor,  that  yc 


to  prove  the 
f)   F«ir  VI' 


sinci  rity  of  ymir  Invc. 
kiinw  tlic  jjrace  of  oiir 


I.or.t 


■through  his  poverty  might  be  rich. 


riic  i-.in'.M  di  ni.'iul^  j'n  III!  n::iiii  i<i  a 
wliirii  ill. A   tlinii^'K r\(iii-i,  ii.ipar.i- 
hlc  til  I'.iilli,  iillriMim-.  <  N  :  Ik  me  "  y^  iir 
love  to  nic."     I  li(  >(■  W'lfiU  nf  I'  liil  arc 
an  idh-  ronipliiiuiil.    In  (I'liul  i.f  f.ul.  the 
CurintlM.Mis  (hil  pn-M  s^  thi  «e  ^jraco:  the 
tirst  ipisile  oiuiis  uiili  a  grateful  acknuwl 
edvriiu  lit  til  (;.iil  tliat  this  i»  mi  (  i  C'nr.  i.  4. 
5:    if    Ml  »     And    r.-iiil,    witli    liis  keiti 
kinnvl.'dLT    I  i'    l-riMii    iMnur.  coinniellils 
them  f.T  ih'-  in  ..1,!,  1   t,,  -iitmtlate  them 
to   --I'lii- ihini;    liardi  r    -nil.     I'.ii!    une  eati 
hanli)  t.nl  tn  diint,  luih.ith  tin-  pr,ii~i-.  a 
miv.U-   ii.itr  I.f  irmiN.     I         .-iliMiiii,!,  d  i;i 
I':  I'l  \  in    -pintn.d  nf  ii.i   iiu  mii 

ordi  r ;  Imi  nli.it  i.t  tlii  n  .1! •  1! inK'  tn  iiia- 
trn.il  tl-.iim'--  v.rre  tiny  ri.id\  |.i  iimIm  .1 
I  lll■i^t!.lll  ii>e  nf  (/;.  i/rv.'  1  lu  v  liad  ni.iiiv 
Ar.n  r^  :  liad  tlii  \  i;r.u'r  i  nnii'-di  tn  p  irl  wiiii 
thiir  iimiu  y  Mi  i';.  iiiti  ii  -i  nf  ih,  ir  nrrdv  i 
hrcll'Vi  n  111  a  di-taMt  Liiiil"-  I'. ml'-  .-ii'i  ! 
einiiuiilly  praiiiial  un-pil,  v\!itrli  dnr-  I'nl 
lose  itxdf  in  ^]iei-idatii in.  Imt  wlnrh  ln.uih' 
faces  tile  tests  and  ileniaiids  of  ordni.civ 
life. 


Aiiothrr  rit-a  for  l.ihrralil\  (\iii.  S  151 

8.  I  III'  Macedonian  evaiiip'i'  \\  n<  vvmi- 
ilerfni.  I  >eep  as  was  t'],\r  j.  iti.  ili.v 
yet  liej,'treil  for  the  pri\;l'n  nf  i  ,  i;;-,  .md 
their  i;i  !ti  rnsit\-  snrpa^-rd  .all  r.,  n-.,ddi- 
hnp,  s.      I;.-.t     till  rr     was     ,tM  !•     ,  \,,Mild,> 

hi'-;lirr     •dl.    l'>ai    of    "  ,r,r    \  ,,,.,| 
CbriM."  and  iniad.  f.illv  I'.uil  dl-niim's  I'a. 
wlmlr  i|n,','i,  n  nf  (  hn-t  .ni  ■j'\tr.-j.  ]i\    '  • 
tiiii,'  llu-  lir!;l  nf  that  rad  .i:;t   I'  .mip'r  f.dl 
iipnn  it      I  la^  is  1!.,  pi,  .1  h,  ,  r.  •  •  -  ;  i.,r  1 
fiais  cxi-n   llir  appear. in, a'  i  f  !       ■  di.'a 


tniial  in  ;i  iii.iitii 


■  t   t!a-  k'M, 


It  is  not 


by  way  of  command  that  I  speak;  ii  In 

has  nii-ntiniH  il  the  ex.anipU'  nf  llie  M.u  .  - 
donians.  it  is  simplv  he.aan-e  tlii-  uill  rii.iMi' 
Inm  tn  !(>i  the  -ima  ritv  nf  t' .  ir  ]  \<-  tn 
tl'i-:r  dtst.mt  hr.  ihren  in  (  hri-.t  But  by 
linldin'.^  fntth  hrfnre  ynti  the  earnestness  of 
OTHERS.  I  am  1  si'-pply  \>-)u-\  testing  the 
sincerity  nf  YOUR  love  also.    The  v\am 

pie  nf  the    M  i.a  d'  l.i an  rarmstn.  ^s  i^  ili,' 

«t,v::!f     'y     a  /:;.  /;     :  v  T^^Mw  '     t!  r 

sitieerity  <if  the  Coriinliians  is  testi  d 
iripu-v  (nthers)  and  vfitTtpnt  (yntirt  ari- 
einplia''- 

9.  I'm!  li.is  III!  de-ire  '.<<  ,  -ir m.m  1:  /  the 
Corinthians  to  ro  and  dn  likewise.  Nor 


lia-  lie  am  n.  ■  d  .  for  lla  >  li,.\e  t'l"  pi  nil 
iii.d    ili-pi ;  .1;  'nil   nf    1 1 -ajii  I  ni.     1  \anipK' 

Ye  know  the  grace  of  our  Lord  Jesus 

I  Christ  I  tl  le  yrai  e  m  inUi  s!i  il  la  1  1  ini. 
and  wliuli  slmunl  it-i'f  in  tin,  that  for 
YOUR  sakes  He  became  poor,  though 
He  was  rich,  in  order  that  YOU,  through 
HIS  poverty,  might  become  rich.  It  is 
very  siKinfieant  of  the  grandeur  of  the 
tliniiiihts  hy  whieh  I'.iid  was  hahitunlly 
hainited,  that  he  iiitrndiiees  tiiis  fireat  nt- 
teranee  (piite  incident.ally  as  a  reason  for 
Ins  tint  iir^;iiii.'  the  Cnrintl.iaiis  to  liherality 
in  a  Inne  nf  enir'M.ind.     d  lie  L're.it  e\,iniple 

nf    Jrslls    ii;';  'il    In    !  .■    a    sllltieiillt  slMllnlllS 

tn  tliiisc  \\  hn  11.  1  .  \  (■  ill  I  i  nil.  111  the 
uiirds  n\h   r.i'd  i<  eli  trly  tlmiknii; 

nf  tlie  pn  I  \i~trn'  (  Ini-t.  and  ilie  rulies 
ari-  tile  e:nr\  \\!iieli  He  li.d  wi'li  tla- 
I'.itlli  r  "li.  fnre  the  u  tIiI  w.ts"  |  Inlm 

rile  el,!-sn-  il.il.n,  .It  mn  nf  tla-  tlimiuli! 
lu  re  sinipl\  jiresi -"i  d  1-  the  i;ri  at  ))a.-s.i'je 
in  I'lal-  li.  ('  S.  1  la-  \\nrd  •TTnix «!'<".  uliili 
K'aiiiiii.itii'ally  il  iinel't  refrr  tn  the  pn\irly 
of  Cdirist's  ear'ldy  life,  iiiiu  Ii  iimr.-  natn 
rally  refers  tn  lli^  rirriiiui-  upon  tliat  hie, 
tn  His  '■  takiiijf  the  form  of  a  servant." 
1  he  incarnat  il  III  is  the  supreme  m.anifesta- 
tinn  of  ">>raic."  and  the  inconiparahle  in- 
eeiitive  tn  liherality.  Ilnw  far  removed 
dni'trine  is  frmn  lunii'  an  ahstraction 
In  I'l'd  is  shown  hy  the  altnyether  nat- 
mad  .and  e\i  ii  iiu-idental  in  which  it 

i-  nitrmliuid  as  the  crcai  iimtive  to  Ith- 
(  r  dny  ;  .and  aliim-t  na.r.'  li\  da  very  per- 
ai,d  turn  ;!a-  .'■  in.  iit  ..f  1'  1  dnetrine 
l-dn  -  ■  "I  lii-t.  Ik  iPu  riili,  il.  nie  ;irinr. 
ii,  '  narrlv  fnr  the  u!;nl.-  \\n;M.  hat  f.T 
.\  II  Cnriii'ln  ills."  The  iiiu  ai"  nf  tla  dm- 
'rnr  i>  iKlinile  and  |iartuai!,ar.  it  is  a 
( .rnnlii,an  atVair:  (  liri-t.  lani.i;  rudi.  he 
r.iine  pimr.  "tli.it  \  tlirniiLjii  p.i\- 
>M;,.  iniL.!;!  lie. a. me  rudi  "  uitli  the  h.-.av- 
enlv  riidii-s,  ,■  riaa  aieiliatinn  tn  ( Iml 
wliieli  enm.s  tin, muh  Cliri-t  (v.  1,'-!)  hh.Tty 
I  ri.  iSi.  life  (le.  IM.  ]','U  tiutii)  .md 
//a?  {ihfiioi\  are  \  ery  emphatie.  Thri-! 
and  the  itUMrn.iM. .11  fiirmdi  tli.-  111, ,-t  .'\.r 
Hlii  hninn  e\hiliilion  of  "  (^r.aee."  tn  a 
(  hristian  the  greatest  enneeiv.ihle  inspira- 
IV-!;  !•-•  'iln-a'itv:  hnt  this  ia,!  elanse  suR- 
:-:e-ts,  tlinii'jli  it  dues  nut  direeily  stale, 
that  Christ  i-  nmre  thati  an  example:  the 
\\i  dih  Ihiit  He  hrinijs  ns,  is  only  niirs  in 
lliin.  He  is  the  sonrco  of  the  liberal  life 
as  well  as  its  pattern. 


Cm.  VIllJ 


It  COlilNTIIlANS. 


179 


10  Aiiil  Ihti'iu  I  ii>\c  Il  l  i  t 
iIm-.  !■.  i'\|K'ilu'iit  fiir  >(iu,  wlio  li.ivi'  IkK!:i' 
In  lure,  iii  't  I'liiy  ti>  clo,  but  also  to  be  lor- 

11  Now  ihrrcforc  inrfiirm  the  il"tnji  of 
it.  that  tlurt-  \\is  a  rt:nliti<-»-  I.i  will,  •■,> 
llu  rc  "i./v  '  i'  a  lu  rl.iriii.iiiii-  aKn  niil  nf  tli.it 

U  111.  It   >(.•  ll.uc. 

I      l-'i>r  if  llitTf  he  f'lr^t  a  willing  miiiil. 
/  J  acciptoil  aiH-tinliiiK  i"     it  .i  i  i  ni  li.iili, 
and  mil  a>"ci>riliiij{  t<>  that  In-  lialli  not. 


I  !  I",  r  I  II  .  ..r  1.  '  that  other  men  be 
1 .1-1  '1.  atnl  >  I-  I  unU  in  <l  . 

14  l'.;!t  l>>  .III  iipi.iiily.  that  now  ;it  this 
ti;iic  Jour  alniinl.iiHc  ii.'.iv  '  'i  sut'('l\  lor 
ihi-ir  want,  that  tlieir  .ibiiiKLiiuf  al-o  v.  :\\ 
In-  .1  stifpix  t'lir  yonr  want;  Inn  tlii-n-  may 
he  «'iiitaht>  : 

15  It  i-  writti'ii.  III  tliat  bad  j,Mf/i- 
.•ii-ii  niiu-h  hail  iioihitiK  ovi-r;  atul  lie  that 
/iji/  aatliirt'd  little  hail  no  tack. 


10,  II.    However,  it  is  oti'>  an  opinion. 

not  a  i'  i-iiiia"il  (\ir  N)  that  I  give  in 
this  'IS  stiitiiKi'  pi'iiil^  Uai-k  to 

ver.  .  x5tK-lu'<ivrly  that  tlu'  Kri-.U 

ulte  ..  <J  i>  «|Uite  pareiitlletK'al 

For  tL  '■  f^r  your  good,  seeing  tha: 
not  only  .li  the  matter  of  doing  but  also 
of  wili  ng  you  made  a  beginning  last 
year  before  'i^'  M.u  ..!'■■  t.ii;-  m'i'   i  ('..r 

w  I.     II.    ■■  I  '■■  ;.v    1-    .  \|im1  ,  nl    I.T    \'  ill 
wlial'    I'l-rhapN  th.it   I'.ril  ■'lirrs  tluiii  ati 
■  ipiiiion,  r.illur  tli.iii  a  coiiini.inii  |.>r 
plr  who  liail  ~!i"Wii  lh.  in>.  '\.  ,       r.i^i  v  111 
u'lliiiK  anil  <l"iim.  thi   li'iii-  'if  i'>'iiiii,iiiil 
uoiilil  111-  iiii^<<  nil>  ;  lint  111  ti'  iitoIm!  ly  thi.\ 
n  l\  r-  to  tin-  ui.u'c  of  hln  i,ili:>    111  wlmh 
tlii-v   ari-   to  .-il loiiml    1  \  1  r    71     1  .i-t    ll  mi 
.•..n't lime  :.s  tls.-y  ha-l  !..«-:ii.  W-xh 
li.iiivjN  oviT  till  iiiiiTpi ii.i; !i 111  of  the  plir.i-i 
■'not  only  to  i|n,  hilt  al>o  to  will."    .\>  tlu' 
will   imi>t   priiHilc  the  ikvil,  l!ie  re\ir>i' 
order  wouhl  seem  the  more  natural,  aiiil 
is  intleeil  read  hy  the  .Syria*-  version  1  not 
only  to  will,  hut  to  do).    With  the  present 
order.  9f\*ir  has  been  interiireted  as  "to 
he  williiiK  to  do,"  and  the  seiiteiice  would 
run  '  not  only  to  do,  hut  to  do  it  w  illiimly  ' 
1  he  word,  howt  \i  r,  e.innot  hear  th.it  iii' m 
iiii'     lleiiiriei  t  \plam^  it  as  a  ohni.ix  p '  i:.! 
M,"    hackwariN  ;    "  ymi    were    In  li.ri-  tlie 
.M.ieedoni;m^  tint  onli   in  e.irryiiii;  out  ll.e 
'Ill  el  ion.  li'i;  in   i!i  .-inii.L.'  it"  iiiiiii 

llie  dil't'i  r.  lu-i  ■  ,  ■  ;!    -I.e   pre-i'it  Vm-, 

.iiid  till-  :iM!i-t   iroiTjiT'K  I       I  li.ii  tile  ^n!.-.' 
of  tile  e.  .I!ei-tii  111  w.i-  alie.nlv  in  till  ir  iniii'l- 
is    ^hiiuii    li\    ilieir    i|U-:;iin    wlr.eh  I'.r!' 
aii->\MTs  in  I  Ciii    \s'    lit     I'.iin^-et  -v. 
.U'-t>  luiilii.iit.  h'lUe    .■.  .•iiiy  levnid  u  .i 
r:i!i'l,    ill, I*     ihe    I  iriyi'i.il    nii  .mri^     u  1- 
"iii.t   in.',  eil   uiih   till-  .!..iiiv;.   Imt   at  .in.v 
r.ite   with   the   uilhni.'"    It    i~   ditVu-iilt  to 
Me  1,.  iw    -.1  -itnple  and  n.itnr.il  a  re.idiiit: 
.."ihl  e\er  have  heeii  transformed  into  i.nr 
;;r. -enr       vT  :  biu  ther.  he  n.-  iioiir.T 

that,  he^id.  s  m.ikinu;  ^'ood  sense  in  itself, 
it  joins  adinirahly  to  the  following  m  :i 
tenee    But  now,  seeing  that  yon  were  fir^t 
iti  ri'illiiig.  go  on  to  complete  the  doing 
also  —  crown  (irl)  the  will  with  the  deeil 


that,  as  the  readiness  to  will  (was 
there  I.  there  may  also  be  the  complc- 
tion  according  to  lyouri  means  (not,  as 
.\,  V.  "out  i'f  that  whieh  ye  h.ue"i  Kn- 
tliiiM.isin  IS  Worth  little,  especially  to 
-i.irMiiR  men,  iinle-s  it  iir,  ■iwi/'/i.i/ii'i  some- 

lIllllK. 

13.    r.iit    r.iiil   is  e\er   re.isiinahle  ami 

pi.u  'ie.il.  1  l;e  Hilt  is  t.i  he  III  /•!  'I /.'  ■« 
/.  »Mi-.;)i.\'   of  tile   tUiT     If  mill  Hive 

"  '•,'\.oi,/  tl.iir  p. 'W  ir  "  (\,r  !i  •  !;.■  1'.  .irt  of 
tile  .i|i. .  -t:.'        I  M  I  .  .lii'L  '  '!!   !;.■  .l.ie> 

11.  .t  i\p.  it  tliii  I  ..I'.  .  .  T\Ti.t.i.4ii',  \tr. 
5  I  ;  I  .  ■:■    :  I   th.  >    ^1 . .    "      .  -i 

/..  lli.  ;r  p.  m  1  r  i\  er.  .t  1  Men  are  not 
expi'etid  t.i  Ki'.''  wli.ii  tlu  >  ij.i  11. it  have, 
I  he  siiiritn.il  v. due  nf  t!i<'  uiil  de|i.  ::.l-  not 
.  n  lis  .1111.  lint,  l.'ii  1. 11  Its  nnii  !  i|iMh:\  tlu- 
Hital  iinesti.m  is  uli.ilu-r  ii  he  tie  ittit  of 
those  who  have  'first  ni'-en  tii.  in-elvi's  " 
I  ver.  5).  It  may  he  much  or  little,  hut 
It  oiihIu  til  he  Hi^ell  with  re.  llliess,  a:ul 
it  onnht  to  he  111  pr.iportion  to  the  means: 
for  if  the  readiness  is  there,  it  is  accepta- 
ble according  to  what  a  tnan  may,  in 
ai'.y  i;i\cn  eirciini-t.uu-.  .  have  1  "O'  fxV, 
s'll  i  I  not  according  to  -A/hat,  .i-  .1  ni.itter 
of  fact  |fx«'.  iihIk.  1  he  does  not  have. 

13-15.  Ihe  idea  of  tlu-  colh.tioii,  I'-inl 
II. iw  points  (.'it.  Is  iii.t  t.i  e,ise  tlie  ..lie  p.irty 
.it  the  i-\peiise  nf  the  i.'!-..T.  h  it  to  r>-!.ire 
tii.tt  re'.itue  e!|n.i!ity  (  uira't  "iti-^Tiu  i,i.ir»)«  | 
w'lc'i  is  t!ie  i.I.  .ll  e. mill!  1.  II!  of  tiiinys.  and 

Uilicll      is      s.,iu;u,         i|     |,\      l'  -li.r  , 

:  II  lima     For  it    (  !ii_\-  \.  :<■ 

]  f        .■H.'t:  -  1  is  not  that  othcr.s 

may  have  relief  and.  you  trouble. 
But.  on  the  principle  of  eiiuahty.  YOUK 
abundance  at  the  iircsrnt  juncture  is  f  .r 
tile  -ipply  ."f  Tl'lKIk  deticiency,  that 
THEIR  abundance  may  )»  r:  ,1. 
other  .■.■c.i-i..ii  be  for  tlu-  sup;.:,  ,,i  YOUK 

1  deficiency,  in  order  that  there  may  re- 
sult equality.     I  iic  nii  .ur.nK  ..!  xlic  sen 
tenre  is  plain,  hut  its  piinctii.iti.iii  and  di- 
vision are  not  so  cer'.iin     The  tirs|  clause 
may  he  t.'iken,  .'is  ,1!..  .■. ..  in.!.  peii.l.  iitK  ,  .-is 
sumini.;   an    illipse,   ai,.!    ,1    ...l.iii    put  at 

I  ■  equality,"  as  in  .\.  K.  V. :  hut  it  i>  also 


180 


II  COUlNTlllANS. 


[Ch.  VIII 


possible  to  regard  the  two  verses  as  one 
continuous  sonti-ncc,  thus :   "  For  not  in 
or<lir  that  tluTi-  ni;iy  Ik-  relief  to  others, 
(lisircss  til  yoii,  htit  on  the  principle 

111  ri|ii;ilii>.  yiMir  .ilMin'l.itii  r  ill  the  present 
Miiii'tnn-  Is  1.1  >n|iiil\  iliiir  defect,  etc." 
I  I'l-  1,1^1  I'l.m^i-  )ii I ili.ilily  il'Tv  licit  iiu:in 
"  iIkiI  llirir  .\ft>i!ii,il  wr.iltli  may  Mijiply 
\iiiir  ill  til  1.  nry."  Imt  Mni]ily  tli.it,  if  cvi-r 
tllf  t.iliirs  -li.iiilil  1m-  turn.  i|.  lin  y  rii  li.  ami 

ymi  I  r.  lln  n  tin  ir  r:!i;ii\  Id  ri'- 

liiM-  \.i;ir  ili--i!i-,>.  \..iir»  iii.n  Ir- 
lirvi'  iluir'i.  I  lir  innniinini  unpl  m  iln' 
vi tm  s  !■•  r./i(,i.(/i  till-  !ilM  r.ili!\  wlin-li  P. ml 
iiriiis  i>  t.i  iirmliuT  lli.it  ii|ii.n:ty  an.l  ImI 
aiii'i'  i  f  roi iiiri'i'-  v\Iin-li  i-  only  lu  '  .iini 
fair,  t-pviially  aiiii  ni,'  Iiritliriii  ;  ami  lliis 
Jioinl  he  illustrates  —  it  is  hardly  inu-ndi'd 
as  a  proof  —  liy  a  n  fiTince  to  the  niaiiiia 
story  ill  I-'xmlus  xvi.  iS  ai'CordiiiK  to  wliu  li 
this  rijiiality  was  prox  idriitially  seciirrd. 
In  the  words  of  scripture,  "  He  that 
I  gathered  I  much  had  nothing  over,  and 
he  that  (gathered'  httle  had  no  lack." 
With  i,  «f  lia\f  111  ^iippl.N  ciWiiat  (Ratli- 
ereil  I  friiin  tin-  <n  i<\(irii'  ni  I'.MMln-  wi  |- 
1  III'  ipsr-iiun  I.-1  iM-ii|iT<i!  in  tln-c  p.ira- 
Kr.iiilis  -  llu-  plai'c  iif  i.;i\  itivr  —  i-.  nm  nf  il;r 
iiii.^t  ill  I;. Mil-  that  (•oi"-.i;r,s  !]|,-  mriiiln-rs  i  T 
till'  iniiii^'iT  iif  a  Vlir;-!;,!!!  iliiin-li.  ami  iil 
sill. Us  Ills  i-iistMiii.ir\  lail  in  nliisiiij;  Ik- 
iliiM.iii 'I  i.ii.  Ill-  uill  iiiil\  li.i  .ir.j  an  npin- 
iim:  Im  111-  c.piii!..n  i~  pii -nilril  s,,  |,(-r 
'i;,i-ivily  .iiiil  si;]i|„,i !(  .1  l.\  r\.inii>lis  .if 
siirii  1 1\ i-i  -.'. 'ii  Imni.i;  riiL;i  iii  \  !!;.il  it  Ims  'u- 
pr.ictu.il  iiiri.t  iif  a  (■"tniu.iml  lor  tin-  tin 
siipliistii-ali-il  coiiscii  iici- 

Iff  wislu-s  In  iiispiri-  liis  Coriittliian 
■■  iirt-thri  11  ■■  with  a  Cliristiaii  \ii-vv  of 
ii'iiiuy,  ami  in  this  i-iiniii-ctinn  lii>  frii|neiit 
n-^i'  nf  till-  uiiril  ^'iii.r  ixanis)  is  cs- 
Immlv  siL;nili-,-,iiit.  I  hi-  hi"-- .ilily  \v!iii-h 
till-     \l:n-i  ill  .1  laiis    sh'i-.viil  .(  ■  iml 

\\':,.-||    111-    llllll.lts    ami    l-Spiils     '];,  (".i?!!! 

tl-ians  t-i  ~':..\v  i\ir  71  is  ih  s,-vil:i  1!  l.\  1!  . 
\ t-ry  s,i-;i,  V.  ••  -i  as  ilt-s.-i  iln-s  tin-  rit 
ulm-li  ]ir  iiijiti  .1  (  liri  t  in  .  \.  h.ii'vu-  lli- 
s|a!i-  111    lu-a-\i!-i!\  l-'i    •'  1  liiiiniliu 

an.l  p.  \rr!\  i-f  .'in  i.ir'llv  i        r   i  m'-  it< 

It     .IPy     11'  ill  -     1.1     il  l-     liir  ls,     II     Is  ..111. 

lui-au-.'  (iiiil  li.is  til-'  L^uiii  t"  liUii  i!a-  |i 
siMifi-- -    ami  will    to    ii-i-    th.iii  Sn 

hliri.ilitv  i!si  If  1-  .1  ..'lit  ..f  (i--.|.  ,-1  vr.uT,  .1 
tliaiiil.  s'  .li  '11  .1  till-  "ur.n'i-  nf  llnil"  i\iT 
I  ».  .\iiil  11. .1  liy  .-my  iiu.ins  tin-  |,-.i-t  iin 
pnrtaiil  .  111. my  wlin  shitu'  in  mlu-r  walks 
nf  \irtiu-.  ari'  ii;nnii!ininns  f.ulnrrs  lu-ri- 
It  is  piissilili'  tn  1.  a  iii.in  of  t  !■  iipti'iH-i-  ami 
i-\in  faith,  ami  \it  to  lu-  iiivan  ( vcr.  "I 
l!"l  tin  )irai''iri!  I'aiil  is  not  coiiti-nt  with 
llu  ui.iiis  nf  l.iiili  and  uiti-ranco  and 
knowledge  and  earnestness ;  his  converts 


must  abound  in  this  other  grace  nf  liber- 
ality also.  The  t;racc  of  our  1-ord  Jesus 
Christ  was  tupreinelv  manifested  when  He 
divested  Himself  of  His  heavenly  *'pi90wita 
(superfluity;  ver.  141,  .ihandoning  it  to  en- 
rich a  iieeily  world  — or.  as  Paul  more 
trenchantly  .iml  pirsniiall\  puts  n,  "to  en 
rich  y,iM  aul  ilu  inllnwi  rs  of  the  Lord 
ari-  itinst  hUi-  llini  wlu-n  tluy  ton  n'tw  of 
tlirir  .•ilinml.iiifi-  to  siippK  ilir  niiils  of 
nlluTs.  Ami  11  Is  11  t  i-iiniiKli  that  they 
I  inu  ial  >,r  will  ti.  ilii  11.  tlii.>  must  '  it  (  M-r. 
jlM:  tlnir  /r.il  must  l»e  coiK'eiitrateil  ill 
.minn.  It  iiiii-t  vi-t  itself  translated  into  of- 

11  "1/    -V/l.  1/  f.ii-t. 

I.ilii-r.ility.  linwi-M-r.  must  In-  ratmnal  It 
inilsl  In-  »-IHlnisias!ii.- — "if  tlu-  /r.il  In-  ilu-rr, 
II  IS  aect-ptalile "'     hut  yrl  it  inii  .t  snlu-rly 
take  all  the  f.iels  into  aecoiint.    It  iniist 
not  Kjve  wliat  it  iloes  not  have:  it  must 
tint  wilfully  throw  nway  its  resources.  The 
^;|ft  is  to  he  niven  with  readiness,  bm  also 
with  a  si-iisf  of  prnporiion     It  has  tn  fuMr 
I  sn!iie  rc  l.ili.m  t.i  .1  iii.in  ^  iiu-aiis     Much  or 
llitile.  It  w  ill  Ih-  ai'i  i  pi.il.li-.  if  r  In-  "  aceord- 
\f'ti  to  what  lu-  h.is,"    It  is  iii't  tin-  amniint 
j  tli.il  nia'.ti-rs.  hut  its  spiritii.il  ipi.ilit>.  tin- 
'  aiiMiiiit   nf  ■•  n  .i.Iiiii-sv  "   it    n-pii  -riirs  If 
'Ills  Is  as   It   sii,,.-!,!  Ik-,   thill  .1    iii-i  anil 
iMii  ):i-m-ri.!is  prnpiirti-'ii  will  L.  LMi.iian- 
iiril.    .\i:;-.;.iiillim-ss  will  hi    iiii).ns-ilil,.  to 
V   rr-lri-im  il.   |..   Ihi.s,-    wliii   •' knnw  the 
-i.u'i-   nl    (.  hri-l"    I  Mr    1)1      I  hi-    1-  niily 
•  iMitlur   way   n|    saviiiL;   that   tlu-   t;ilt  will 
111-  .'it   li-.i-t  prnpnrli.iiiaU .  .iinJ   111. -n  p;--i. 
.I'ily  tii-iii-rniis.  It  llu-  ^;iMr  has  tii-!  nf  all 
V.ueii  limisi-lf.    Men  wlm  have  "  fir-t  iii.en 
tlu-niselves  to  tlu-  Lnrd  "  will  not  he-  mean 
in  their  j;ifts  tn  His  nridy  hri-thnii  As 
hn  thn-ii,  tlk-y  shmtld  sliari-  ahki- ;  appmx- 
iiiiatt-  .-1/1  i/j/y  shniild  pii-vail  (ver.  14  I  ;  and 
;f  niu'  h.is  ahiiiiilatici-  aii''  aiintlu  r  laek.  the 
I  hris!i,-,n  iiistiiu-t  is  tn  ri«lit  tlu-  h.-ilaiu-i-  at 
i-n.  i     f.  r  ye  know  the  ^niee  of  oitr  Lord 
.1'  -•!-  (  hri'st 

I  .r:  ,1!  i-  thr  fnm-  nf  e\;inipli  .  :.:iil  tlii- 
1  \.iir.;iK  .-1  till  pniiraii'l  ri--..-:!-.l  \l.ii.-.- 
.'.•mails  was  a  -.i-irv'.-  i-i  |.i."!i:ir  tn 
I'aiil  Till -r  lil.rr.ihi\  s.i!-|.m-.-,1  liiiii  .  lu- 
I  \pi-i-t.-ii  ih.  11!  11..  i|..!il.!.  as  ('hri--i.m  im-ii, 
1-1  1,'  •  V  I-  ai  >■•  -i  iimi.;  !. .  llu  11  111.  a  1;-  i  w  r    11  1 . 

I-Mt    ti.t  V    I'.lil    !!l'-!r,    till  A     i;.l\i-    .\v!l  l.i-\..lli| 

-.111  ir  |ii -w  iT.  w!lhiiL-l>  .  i-iilhi!si:i-Tu-a!l\ ,  w  nli 
■        s,  ih.-ii  a- i.Hi.    .-k.ii    \  ch.  itu  lit  !\  impnr- 
tniiini;  l',-ii:!.  whn  nia\   will  h.ivi-  hi-sita'i-il 
In  .u-i-ept  Jiifts  sn  laMsIi  from  tneii  s.i  (oor. 
I  lu-si-   were  the   ii\(t>  of  nun   who  had 
uixrii  themselves,  anil  Paul  hnhls  1111  tlirir 
example   as    a    spur   to   the  (.'nrintliians, 
tliniiiih  he  will  nse  no  woril  of  command. 
;  Why  sliniilil  he  to  men  who  are  already 
jaeipininted  with  the  grace  of  Christ? 


(  H.  VIII] 


II  COHINTIIIANS. 


181 


Id    I'ut  tli.mk*  hi-  to  ivlii.li  imi  the 

|,.r  \"  I 


17      l-.T  llnlll'll   III'   .l<H|i|>i!   till    <  .1- 


tlnll 


till!     I"  I'M- 


I'lir  lure  after  all  is  tlu'  Miiirrtiir  Fx.itli 
p],'.     No  liuinaii  lilirralils.   li>>uiMr  illii 
Ifiiiato  ami  >;(inriiu-.  rcitM  \h'  *  ■ 'iiiiiii  1 
t.   tile  urai'i-  1  >t  II 1111  w  !ii>  "  t"r  v niir  -ak.  ^  " 
il.IiliiratiK    tlisfriiiU  li    Iri'iii   \]f  liiawnlv 
lu  til    till'    \  ,cllr>    m|    hunnilai  l.iii  ifi 

Mi|\<-i|  ill  an  <artlil>  iai>ii  1"  lii:nu  thr 
iiu'ariiatii •!!  into  iMiiiurli.'n  wuli  iiiiin- 
ilaiu'  a  iii:,tti  r  a-  a  i-mIK-cIkih  nl  iii.iiu  \  t.tr 
soiin-  imiir  •.Irani!"  r  1-  vrry  il  irinK.  lull  al- 
touctluT  in  tin-  inantiiT  of  I'anl.  lit"  rciii- 
f..rct>  iho  lniml)I<--t  iltitio  by  tlif  iin'-'t 
pnwrrftil  inspirations:  wc  -"ce  llit-  way  lii^t 
uht-n  the  liuht  is  hriKhti-.t.  A  luart  coii- 
ircllrd  liy  the  thniinlit  of  the  iiuariiatioii 
and  all  that  it  tnvohiil.  i-miUl  not  In-  ntluT 
than  ei  iliToiis  to  llif  int  «l\  .  i^iM  .  lalK  to 
tin-  niiily  "  saints  "  ( vrr.  .j  1  I'.  it  tlir 
l  lirist  wliosf  yrai-f  is  so  r.  ~|>l.  m'' iii  av.l 
juTstiasiM'  111  llu-  iiii'arnaii' 'ii,  wins  Ih- 
trili-  plait-  ami  \m< Ms  I  lis  tr  u-  po\M  r 
ainoiiu  those  wh"  1-  \  >■  linn,  not  -o  nn:i-'i 
lnoaiisi-  IK-  is  t'-.-ir  i\.iin|>li.  I-::'  rith.r 
iK-i-an-c  llr  is  ilh  ir  l  .-ril  I  In  \  l"ni;  t'-'i 
a  h.iri-  111  nniiisiirniL-  t--  o'lut-  anoriliiii; 
|..  tli.  ir  iiu  ans,  |ii  ,-aii-r  thi  v  lia>  drst  >:ivi-ti 
the  Ills.  K  I  s  to  //;,-  l.^'i ./  I  \  IT  ~>. 

(  )ii  this  |i.i<saL'f.  SlanIi->  li.is  son-.t-  s--i;- 
m^tui-  ninar'ixs  "  lliis  ii  \t."  In-  s.i\s.  .i) 
lmhn-.i  to  viii  <»,  "from  liriiii;ini;  forw.,r<l 
|>roiiiiiunlly  thf  fact  of  our  Lord's  i>o\<rty 
as  an  t-\aniiilf,  jjavi-  rist-  ti«  tht-  iniiiilii-atit 
orilt-rs,  as  foimdt-d  liy  St  l-"ranoi-  of  Xssi-j. 
who  in  this  rt-spt-ft  lu-lu-vnl  I  iii--  1  to  h-- 
fiillowiiiK  thf  nio(!i-l  (if  oiir  S.i  10 -■  s  nf, 
Sitrh  a  ri'siilt  is  d  uihly  curious.  It  s'-ow, 
hoVN  a  parriitlu  -is.  iiu-iiUnlaliy  itiIro>l;u't  d. 
in  an  alil"  .il.  i- -r  a  trniporary  jutrpo^c.  to 
thf  irt-niT.  •-M\  of  the  Corinthian  chiirfh. 
has  uiv.-n  l.irth  !o  an  inini-:i-r  in-Mt-'Moii. 
at  oiir  tniii-  s],rt  ai!  omt  tlu  \\'-'  Ic  "I  I  n- 
ro|u-     I'  sliovi  s  inin.'!i  i  f  '111-  >  \".i\.i- 

L'aiiii  -.f  tliat  in-tilntioti  tiUL;lit  h:<\i  t"  1  ti 
r!ir.-kt.l  liv  ar!Mi-_'  I.--  "ti  th.-  h'f'T.  .-H-i! 
inor.-  oil  'hi-  -I'lrit.  oi  the  i-.i-- r^r  in  win.  ii 
thi-  o,-i'  :rs  :   a   iia--a'j     of   which   t:  r 

.urm  ral  ii  mlt  ii<-\  is  ihi-  m  tv  ojipo-ii.-  to 
that  tthuli  loiilil  ndncf  t!u-  firliims  of 
tit-mrosity  to  a  ilt-finitf  and  uniform  s>s- 
ttin." 

Arrannrmrnts  for  the  Sut^'fi-ision  of  thi- 
Ciilli-ctif'n  (viii  1(1-24). 

The  manaRemcnt  of  a  collection,  as  of 
every  other  work  involvinR  organization. 


j  iK  tii.imls  not  (in!v  -pintn.il  <  ii'lnisiasin, 
h'll  hiisiiu--  I'.ip.nitt  I'l.ii'  ,1  ilrt.uis 
hn'-  |o  I  I  .rti  nilid  |.-.  -nil.ih:.  .■Hurts  ji.uf 
to  111-  ap|i"in!i  d.  (  \rr>  -ni;k;i -li  n  'I  sii-- 
p  ■  •■"Ms  ttirlho.j.  .iiid  -notn.,  h.is  to  he 
si  .!■■.;.  iisly  .i\o:,l,il,  so  |h,it  vthilr  till'  work 
.ii!.,n,is  :!  ,  k;lory  of  lii,  lord  liir  li>> 
ai!.!  in  i-t  111-  .il'H  to  In  .ir  till-  s.  iiiiiiiv  of 
II  iM-  I  M  r  Jl  I,  It  iiiiist  !>■-  110  li  ss  holiest 
an  i  lioiior.dilf  in  the  siuht  of  nu  n.  In  ar- 
r,ini;iinr  for  ihi-  colltvtioii  dtstim-il  for  thf 
poor  t'lirisii.iiis,  rani  sliows  lii»  cit-«totMary 
sauacity.  I  lu  rr  arc  aUv-iy-"  nti-an  nicii 
rcidy  to  assiiiiu-  llu-  worst  of  any  one 
who  has  niiiiii  )  lo  .uliiiiii: r ;  -o,  to  avoid 
i-titi  the  appi  .ii.ii  i  1  .1  sii-pi,  I'. nil  as- 
(-latt-s  with  his  ,  oili  .ii;-,i,  I  1:,  ..ihir 
!  t  hr'siian  hri-thrni.  oiir  vthi  ^  t.mu-  h.id 
i.i'r.  i.|\  inn  throii-..:h  al!  ■  ■  rhiiil:--.  .iml 
.-  't'.ir  who-c  r.iriii-tni--  '  h.i-l  rr- 
I'l  li'div  pioM'd.  and  'hr  t rnHlii.iiis  .-in- 
i!i  ri;f,l  |o  s);  .\v  tluir  '  l'ii.ilil\  in  ihr 
l.ui-    of    th.-    .  '  .,.    r.       .        d  hv 

thi  so  tlu  ir         1;  ■ 

i6,  17.  Now  thanks  be  to  God  1  t!ir 
Word  ,\u^ij  h.is  Imn  in  Paul's  nniid  all 
ihronyh  tlu-  ,  ii.iplti  .  h.  n-  ;f  1-  n-i-!  in  a 
1:1  u      s.ii-i  (       who     ro:i'i;,M;;\  i.ini'.i'ri 

r'is.  pic  I  puts  into  the  heart  of  Titus 
the  same  earitestness  on  your  behalf  a^ 

I  inysi-lf  li.iM-.  /  ,ji  ih->/;ir,(,i  iiroioiji  i^ 
otic  of  tlu-  '  liristi.iii  ur.ui  s.  llu-  l  orin- 
tlii.ins  It  i\i-r   71,  .itid    1  i'lis  h  is  it. 

i'  I  :'    SI  .  ■    M,     I   •'!  '     .  .1'    .1    ir  '.l    of    ( ,0,1, 

M  i)  n  '1  1,1  !;  ■  111--  ■  1  1  -  i-i  i-i  !1,  .!  :  I  .1.  k  ii.  !  - 
unli  v r.it il 'id<-  I  111-  t!:- -iii;',!!  i-  ili.ir- 
arti  risticiliy  I  hn-ti.in  ih.it  hti'-'-  .  iriii-s!- 
iii in  flirt',  lint;  tin-  .  •  li.  ii-n  t.-r  the 
JiT" -liiii  ].  --r  V..1-  rr.iUy  iiiii-tiu-s  111 
1.1  I.  ilf  of  till-  (  ,',  :nii:  .irs  iiTrji, 
-'iiiii'i.d  will..ri  u-.'ild  111-  .1  iv.iiuiii  li\ 
■  li-  ir  lil.i  r  •  !:■'.■  .1 1-  •  .'.  ;.!  o,  .!s 
'  "<>•  .  ■  1  :  ,r;  '    1  ---is  , 

fi- because  he  accepted  the  exhorta- 
tion   t.i    uiik'n     r.i::l    .1  "  111.  s  -.11  (1 

I  JTtfiltl/, \T7iTtl-      « .ipafta \r  .r,i(  I       *ii.li'".      .:!  .'Ih't- 

-li...\  iij        -    l::  !!iu;-y.    .,'1..:    !  ■  .  ,  ;  ,  ^  l-s 

.ritlii  nil.  .i!..'n  fr..!ii  I'.i  -'  and  .  in 
his  great  earnestness  1  lit  l>v  nature 

iii."i-  -.(/-ii.-.i/  than  t'-  " nl  .111  rxhortation  t, 
hi  ii  actually  going  forth  to  you  of  his 
own  accord  (for  at-f»ai>»Tot.  ci  \cr  41. 
I  he  past  tcusi-s  in  tin-  p.is-a^t-  an-  epis- 
tolary;  by  the  tinu-  the  <  orinthian-  read 
the  letter,  tlu-  fact  will  be  that  TitHs  went 

j  forth,  and  I'aul  sent  with  hint  the  brother, 

I  '-tc 


II  cnUlNTUlANS. 


|<  11.  Vlll 


m 


|8    Ami  wr   h;iM-  «ni   wiih  him  th.'      .'o   Avonlmn  ilijs,  th'it        ,|,.m  -Imnlil 

l>r>i!!ni.    v\Ii>i«c    |ir;ii-r    (.%    in    thi-    K"«ii.  1  lihiiiu    ii>  iii  ilw  .ilniti.|,iim'  Hiiuli  i«  nl 

llifiitiuli'Mit       llic  iliiirilli  *  ;  iiiiti!  Mt  rt  ■!  !■>•  ii- : 

l'(    AikI  tint  tlhil  only,  liiu  »ln>  w.i-  aUi      jt    I'ri i\  iiliiiu  fur  Iimiu->i  iIiiiik*.  nut  only 

till. ,111  of  tlif  i'lnirilu*  to  tr.ivtl  wiili  iis  in  tlif  -iKlii  of  tlu'  Lord.  Inn  al-.o  m  ilio 

with  till'  K'r:ifi',  w  liii  li  i-  mlinini'li  n  <l  l>\  "-iulit  of  in«  n. 

lis  tn  tlif  »{''"■>'  of  tlu-  >;inu'   Lord,  .mil      jj    And  wp  linvf  >.«'nt   with  ilirm  our 

tli'i  liir,ui  'II  of  \oiir  n        niiin!  Iir^tlii  r,  wl'om  «r  have  oft('ntinit  «  iirovnl 


-.1  lli.il  In-  i> 

•111.-  U. 


i8,    iq.    Alul    we   arc   sending  alonj; 

with  him  \\ii>  ill  il<'>  -aU'iw  imn  >" 
K"  .i''  111  « 1  I  111  \<r.  jii  the  niiiMiiiiil 
brother  whose  praise  in  tlic  tii.iitn  "i 
the  guMpei  is  throuKh  fill  the  churches, 

a  |>lir.i-i'  wliuli  «liows  ilic  iiiiil>  of  »|iiri; 
tli;it.  I  M-n  ,it  till*  r.irly  d.il< .  ,ilt.  :ii|>  I"  tiij 
tlir    l.'liri>t!.iii    iliiirilns    l'iu,|!nr.  M.iii> 

Ullrvv,  s     IniM-     1m  I  II     llil/.irili  i|  to  tli<- 

iilniiily   of  tills   l.roilu-r.   \i<V    .   "ni's  i 
<|inu-  niKittMin.iMc     A^  '"I  rrihi  ;i  "   \i.  in> 
I'hristi.iii  l.iiilii.ii  111  \.i    J.!.  '  jiii  ii  ill  1  "  i> 

likl-lv    |o  lllr.ili   il'i      .]■'       \u  ■ 

jit.  ".  I  ilii-     I  'ill.  1  .  i 

v'u  I   liir   I    i'  1.  i;i-i-   !  ■    "  l!ii-  1." 

In-    1.1  -    1h  I  11    1,1.  HI  ill.  .1    u  nil    l.rl,.  .  lu.t 

ii.Jll.l    ImI.I'v     ll.lM     l.flll     II,'. I  vo 

rurlv  •■!  ill.   ,.  I      II  L'.'-i'.  I.  li.   !.!■  ,  l.iiK.', 

H.  .-1.1  1  u  I ,  111  I  \ .  I  u  ;       II     W  ii. .  ill.-  I'l  .  .ill.  r 
w.i,   \\.-  .!"  11. ■!   kii..\\.  l!i..vvli  li.    u,i.  :il 
lia.li    i..iii'''i-    'ill   ill.-  111. [Ml  1    .'I  'lu 

■  .  |.i.  ii.ili'v  111  |.'  .iilimk;  III  llii .  .iii;Ii.  .lit 
llli-  I  li;:i  .  li.  -  ,1  !,,.  1  u  li;.  !l  ill.  1.1,  llt.illv 
,li..\\v  i|,  ii..«  i;r«.il  ;iM.l  l.iiiuiit.il.li-  .ire 
till-  w  ips  in  ..iir  Ivii.'W  <  ilyc  of  till'  f.irh 
(.liiiiili  111-  Is  rrfirit.l  1.1  iiu.ini  m  xii 
i8.  And  not  only  i,  lie  i>i.i!~f.l  tlir..uulioiit 
tlu-  iliiir<li>>.  but  also  ihe  has  been) 
•Utiiniily  elected  by  the  M  u  .  .1  i.  m  i\.-r 
II  churches  ito  bei  our  fellow-traveller 
in  i-oinH-iii..ii  «  this  ^ift  ■  i 
tilt  (-. .IK-iii. .11 1  which  is  being  adminis- 
tered by  us,  to  the  glory  of  the  Lord 
and  to  hli.iw  our  readiness.    1  l-.-ulun- 

(  I  t,   v»T.  II.  .i'l'l  ■  •]•    IV       '    I'.i.t!  II-.  -  til.- 

I.  isl  «..;.!  TTfiofi  1.1  1  ,,|'  •!      I    ,,:■!..  ,1 

(  ',•«     .•/(/.)«.» .    iill.l    It     I-  !••:-.•  t  • 

r, .,  with  \  \  '  .  .  ■  '  1 '  .'i .  iiiiii'l  '  , 
l.ii'  -III-  -  'ill  nil. -.il,  i,.iil  ^KL't-  i;  .1- 

A  K  \  I  !l  i-  .!  Hi.  ii!t  !■•  -.i\  w  .I'l  '  .il 
« <  t.l  ill.  i>!ii  i,i-  "to  ill.  L''"rv  .'I  till-  I.  'I.! 
■  III.:   !. ,  - 1  ■  '.v    I ii-.i    I.  ...iiii.     ■■    '   'il.l   !  . 

i-,.r.in.  |.  .',      r-tli.  I    llir  i-..!li.  I'  ,i.ll1i:il 
Ivti  r.-.l  •■  t.l  '111-  i;l..l>  of  till'  1..     ..  i-'i-  "  :  or 
llu-    i.ili.  i     lii..|!irr    u,is    :is-. ,1-i.iti  .1  Willi 

!  ••  t  ■   -lir  ■■■    ;!:v    !  f't  "  !m 

llu  oiif  i-;isi-,  till-  iiii'iiiiiiiu  win  I'l-  iii.it  tih- 

I  on!  |s  i;l.'rifi.il  in  llii-  hr-.tlurl\  -I'iril  tli.ii 
aniin:itt-s  llu-  i-lnitflu , :  in  tin-  otlu  r,  iImI 
tlu-  .issoi-iiilion  of  tlu-  t\\.'  \m!1  :i1I.i\  "iis- 
)iit-ion  of  niisa|i|'roiiriation  of  tlu-  fnnd-^, 
lid  thus  contnlniti.-  to  the  kI'^.v  of  the 


I  i,i,| 

I  In  1 


I  -rii. 


■1  .11'-  till-  111. Ill  ii.itur.il 
uiM's   I'.nil  ii,i:isi.iii  t.l 

s|i..w     III-         ;    'M  III    till-    I  r 

•  !iii-li.,ii-  -.1  jn.l.i-.i.  ii>  .ill .  .ril.mrr  with  llu 
ili.iiUi-  I  ml  ii|-  .11  liiiii  lli.il.  II  itil.  itow 
iIk-  hrollur  n-li-rti-d  to  was  t-li-ctid  hi-  di) 
not  know;  till-  word  (.![•'?«"»»'•••')  sii.hkoI* 
I'nni.irilv  a  «liow  of  hands,  llu-  flioici-  of 
.1  niiii  who  w.is  Hot  only  l.ivoralily  known 
i'  I  -1-,-lii.iit  till-  «li..l<-  of  till-  Ilun  i  liristian 
I.  ;t  \\lio  li.id  lin-ii  di-titiitrly  elected 
li>  till  iliiir.  li.  -  Would  he  a  utiarantec  ti» 
till-  iiii.ciilv  si  .  ].ti,-,il  that  I'aill  w.K  Jirepared 
1.1  wili-oine  ilii-ir  ehalUnne  or  >erMtmy  '>f 
I  Is  .irranKi-tneiit.  in  the  t  ialier  of  the  col- 
!i  ri  'I 

ao.  21.    It  is  a  |)it>  ill. it  sii,  Il  j.ri-i  .int  1. .iis 

s')..ll'.!  I'l-  llr.-r-s,ir>  .  I. Ill    r.iul  klli-U    II  111 

r..li:ir.  .11.. I  I;.-  .li.l  ii-.i  liiink  ii  l.i  i:.  ;';i  Ins 
.!ii-:ii!t\  (i.  i.ik.-  till  pi  1 1  Mill  1- .11-  ii.,.--.ii\ 
'.I    .  I  li-L:;i.ir.!    Ins    li,  iii  -i .    v\  il  li    w  In,  1:    u  .i  ■ 


-I  Hi. 


..i.r 


s,.  li 


.I--...  I.il.  .!   u   •       I  ill!     ll        iilil    i  1  ,  .!  1,1  .  ,|||.  1  , 

avoiding  this,  that  any  one  should  blame 
us  - -  Is  a  iii.ilti-r  of  fai  t.  Ilie  sei|iicl  shows 
lis  tll.it  Ills  iiiii-.iiili, .lis  Wi  ll-  n.  .|  iiniieees- 
sary  (  \n  17  ft— in  the  in.iller  of  this 
liberal  collection  which  is  being  admin- 
istered by  us.  I  liroiij^liont  the  s,-i-tion.  thf 
Word  "in..iiiy"  |s  siyinticantli  ;i\oiiied 
I  he  e. din  tion,  wliieh  in  \er  I'l  1  .h  si  rihed 
.Is  ,-i  eift  or  jOijir,  is  11. iw  ,1  •i.>>i."-n?  (lie 
.1-'  ciiV"'  nitaiis  si.Iiil.  and  tin-  noun 

;  i  ■  111  tills  eoiiti-M.  a  .vi(''.W,i)/fi.//  eoii- 
I '  ! I .-'i .-  ,1 1  ;i 1 1  111. ! I . ,  ,  I  1-.  .11. 1 1' nil.  PI  .111,1 
■  I II- ■ '  '1  -  1  - 1  ,  •-  ,  r  ■  '.  I  liuii,  -  II  1 !  il  ill  I  il  ,,  iit 
1:1. -n  1,1111-, li  I-.  l.i'.M-  pi ,  i-.iiiti' 'ii.iiv  iiH.is- 
liii-  uhii  11  iu'  In,--  I.rl.ii-f 

i-.|'.i.i!K   liM'.l  l  .  |..r,    iiii-n.  .iml 


I-, 


llu 

I,,- 


.1 


vp 


liiiu-.ii  :in.! 


l.lllsf 

i--'ii,I.r 

-  l  or  we  arc  careful  for  good 
.appearances-  not  only  in  the  Lords 
snjht  but  also  in  men's.     I  In-        i  1, m 

:i-  1  1  1'.-.-  of  till-  .*si  iilii.i;^ini  .i|  I'ln  111 
i  wh'-h  •  -  !=■■'  fji-iT,  r.  i-rr---'!  tl'-- 
Heliri-w  I  "  riion  shall  tind  f.ivor  and  ;i;i'i.if 
uii.lri stiiiiiiiit^  ill  the  si^lil  of  Omi  iiud 
mi  ll  " ) 

22.  And  with  them  —  with  Titiis  and 
the  hrother  eleeteil  —  we  are  sending  (epis- 
tolary aorist.  <rtrtwin}^aittr)  OUT  brother  — 


t  u.  MM 


11  '  rillANS. 


ilillKi'Iit    ■■'    lii  itn     tllilll;^,    I  't    ti.n\    liru  ll  : 

111  Tr    'i  '  .'fill.               thi    K"-i'    >  •  ■Iltiil  III  r  I  II  \  I'll  i' 

«  llll'll  /   /I, J.  ■•  lU   VI  ■■■ 

.'J    Wluilu  r  iiuv  do  !H(/m'i"  ul  \  tvi-.  i     !  ■•«      •      '  ••     t.       :i  i   .  mm.    '  ilio 

'J  tiiy  |)arttirr  aiul             Ih  Ic'  T  <•••<:.>■■•,  ,iiiit»,  it  h  ~!1|m  i  iii..ti.  i.  r  iiu       wn  i-  tn 

iiiki  ji'ii:  i>r  our  l>r«'tlir>ii       fii./iii  . ,.'  ,7.  yi'u: 

.'/i.  V  (I'V  tlu"  nu««tti;;i  rs  '"f  tlic  ili'iiilit-.  .•    I'".ir  I            t!i  ■  IluxmiiIh'   -  nl  \"iir 

till'  yl.ifv  I'f  Chri-t  '111111.  fur  «|i'.h  I  I..M»t    1  v  '-i  '■•  ilmii  i>! 

•\    W  lu  n  iiiri'  i.lmv  VI'  to  tin  111,  ;iiii!  !i>  .>I.n  il.^nia,  ilii:    N.I  mi.i  w  i-  rt.i.H  \.-.ir 

'  !■    llii-  l  ii  r.  li,  -..  ll.f  iir"..|  111  \.  nr  I'HC.  .ii;i'.   .ii..|   >..iir      .il   li.i:!,    pr.  s.TV' 

iinl  lit  our  l•M^tlll^;  <»ii  >>>iir  li'liill  in  my 


ii'it  I'.mr-  liri.tlu  r,  liitt  xi'iui-  I  tin-'  • 
liotlur  whom  many  times  in  man/ 
mitten  wc  hav*  proved  to  be  carncit 
-  »ariii'->tiic"i  is  ati  iiiili»iM  ii>.il.lc  urnu- 
M<r  I'M— but  now  far  more  earnest 
through  the  great  confidence  )i>-  li.i^  Ik  <  n 


;  "Ki  'I  '  .  •(!!  alrtuil  t! 
\\ '  t  r  u  .  ir  m:  vv  li.it  tin 
ilii,    .1111     tlio    I  imllii.i 

till-      IHl.l-l'Il.       !•  -'l.l'l 

•  I  .  ii[.(  t        .>  1 


I  •  . i,-iii , 
111: 1. ,  II, <  .\  ■  I'l:.! 
ni  l  t  n-c  ii» 
tlif  -nil  "'llitT 
•iiif  |^""i|  MSS. 


Ill  I 


V  lii. 


I  i  1 
•    w  ' ;  11  '  : 

'11.  1 

.1  n...i. 


I.- 


1 


,1, 


n  r  w 

I  ;,  ,1  i 


i  u  1  in  you 

]<■  'Tt  .  .1  > .  .'i  lii  ii  1  r  ■! 
\,  ■■  till-  i..i;tiMi  111 

\iiii  "  i>  liaiill>  I  I  'n  i..  I 
.M  II  kiiiiuii  1.1  I'.ril,  ,1 

;:lll    W  llh    a<    Mill!  Il    I'i  ill 
'11'  ■IT    f.llll.  .11^    "  !i!  .  .'Ih  r  "    1  •!     ■.  '  ''      !■  ;        r  . 

I-  ri  .i.|\    111  -:,iii,|  11'.    .'.■!■.    : :       '  ,  :   .  .1 
■  Il  !i  W  ill.  II     If     I  questions     arc     askeii  i 
about   Titus,   he   is   my   colleague  and 
fellow-worker  in  relation  to  you:  if  our 
brethren  —  th'         .\':-  \  \  '  .  '         ■  m,  n- 

H'lifil — I  are  in  question  i.  they  are  emis- 
saries of  churches,  the  glory  of  Christ. 

I  itiis  was  II  rtiticatnl  I  v  I'.nii,  thf  oflit-r 
iwi)  Iiy  till'  ihurthi's:  only  oiu-  is  I'xpri^-ly 
iiuiilioni'd  a-.  li.niiiK  lii-cii  t-Ifilnl,  linl  the 
iliitri'liis  11(1  tlimlit  approvt'd,  wlutlifr  lurm- 
ally  or  informally,  I'aiil's  tlinuT  I'f  ilic 
-iriiinl  brother,  llu'  wtiI  d»-i«jro\ot  i^, 
lure  ti^ii'd  in  its  ni'Ti-  i:>!i'r.il  ami  li'i  r.d 
scii^i',  of  (nir  .(.I.'.'  ■  'III  I'i'iiiini:  irniii 
Mioli  a  man  a>  I'.i  il.  wrh  his  kmi  in-iuht 
into  ili.ir.ii  icr  ■•nnl  hi--  ni.iv;nilu"<  ii!  I'mi.  tp- 
(i'Mi  I'f  the  C'liri-lian  ideal,  the  l,i-t  two 
wiinN  ;iri'  .-in  i  xlr.ii  ■!  (iiii.irv  i-m;..j\  nf 
two  ile!ei;a!i-;  [•■r  lin  y  ^'-r.  I>  tP'  i:i  iii  .u' 
'liaii  that  tlu-r  uric  "i-i.ii  u '  uurk 
■i  ii'ls    t"    I  li:i-!'-    cI'Tv  ■■     ,  \,  ,,..|  1.  In 


re. id  trStthn  ^tti  ^  i  mi  which  case 

llie    •lllil'ie  «!•     1  '.e  Liitinished 


/',il(..v   /  •■'I!,../    .,'   fi-    ('',.'•    f.':,'   l'  il,\-tioH 
il  III  I','  A'iii..'\  .'i  II 1  11  //,'  I  .'iitrji 


Tlie  t  I 


.■'  1'  'ti  ir    lit  -.1111 


ir>  li.u  1-  li.-i  ii  .ill  iM.S  I'll 
^.  'Il.iMr    a'l-  i|iI.O  V       1  '.lill 
liuhts  ..|  '"'.■  t  ■iiriii'','  iti- 


,1 


wvl-    I  1 
ilir.,!..!  ihe 

I'  ...       .    .    ...  Mir  -;  lnlll'l^ 

|ii|  M.i.  ■  il.iM  ill  1  \  l"l|.lr,   .inl   l.i  '';r  nil 

i  iiliiit;  iii-p  '  .ill!  Ill  ili.i!  Iir»  ill  till-  111.  .irii.i- 


I,  , 


i;ili 


■ir 


K'e  t'lr  L' 


rv 


t  Chri-t  I  Inn-elf  was 


n  -.'ine  in.  i-'wr  \:-i!  !r,  as  in  lli.i  face  the 
Klory  of  (  mil  1  cf.  !\ .  'it. 

34.  IVactical  .•\!,..r!:i*'..p  !■•.  ••  -n  ..f  .-•••i- 
ihi^iiiii  toil').  Now  then  in  the  face  of 
the  churches  as  reprr-riui  i|  I  \  t:  .  -r  '1  •  r 
di legato,  offer  them  a  )irav-iu.il  proof,  1  v 
a  t^i'tseron-;  oonfihn'ion,  of  your  love 
(whether  to  me,  cf.  ver.  7,  I't  to  the  po.  r 
Christians  in  Judea).  and  tlins  a  veritici 
til  II  of  our  boasting  on  your  behalf, 
I.1..1-M1V;  lo  uliii-li  I'.i'il  M'vrr:il  tiiiu  -  .-illn-i.  - 
i\'i  4.  14.  i\.  .M.  'I  lie  ("i.rinrlii.iiis  nni-t. 
by  their  lilieral  conduct,  show  that  he  hail 


!  li'.n.    lie    !i,i-   p..in!rd  out  t! 
ioiiiiht  111  lir  ill  iiiiiptirtii.ti  to  tliiir  tiH.iii-, 
and  iiry.  i|  iipoii  tlinn  ihe  duty  o|  cni- 
|p!itini{  what  t!    v  li.ue  heyiiii;  and  ti  i.iily 
ihe  h;is  t.iki  n  -  .       lo  secure  tin   fiiii'I  froiit 
j  any  ^ii^pu  inn  nf  nii'.ippri  pri.it  1.  .11     Vet,  m 
-iiite  of  ;ill  In-,  arr.iiiwniif n!s  :ini|  i  \lii.rt;i- 
ti.  II-.,  he  h.i^  smII  »iiiiie  nii-'jK  iiii.' ;  11.  .1  iit- 
ihid  that  liir  '.]:■■<:,  \  w  ']  '■.    I.  1 1 '  ,  . mi- 

injj  —  llr  1  111  11"  !  ■'■  '  111  i.T  '1  :.  I-.:  In- 
ki:"\>.  -    ill    r    '■  ii  nliiH "    i  I     lii  ii.l  Ir.it 

•'.it     It     will     Ili't     li.'     fi  illlil-.  illlim.'     Ill  tilllr. 

lie  h.i-  1  r.d  of  tl'.  ••■  M..  i.iii!'.    •  .  .he 

M.-K-ed.  .i".,i'.  ;   .111  '   if  '   ••  e  .lU.-:-.',  . 
n.ii!>  w  l.i  11  ir  ,,r!i\.-,  !i.   will  111   ;,!!  r.  .111'.  .1. 
I  li.il.   'I'rii.   1-   ■  ■>    f'  i-.iii   l-.r   -rii.liir'  tin' 
di     vate»    in    ,1  !  ■•  ,  iirr      t.,    ! ,   \  ,■    .|    r.  r  Iv 

ix.  I,  a,  Fc  vith  regard  to  the  minis- 
tration l!ll.it  i-  •  :r  1  •  i..-i.  11  1  ,  wiiirli  'liey 
.irr  to  'i.  .v.v  ,  ,1  .  to  llir  Jrr'.!-.il>  iii  p"i  .r, 
.\  !i"iil  II.  -1.  :n  \  -1  4.  lie  ealN  the  saints, 
it  is  superfluous  for  me  to  be  writing 
I -( sa-.^tn-,  pr.  v  _  :j..r  1  to  you,  f'-r  'he 
rr.i-'n  he  is  iinw  ahmit  to  ^ive.  For  I 
know  your  readiness  (ef.  viii  11  >  of 
which  I  am  in  the  hahit  nf  boasting  on 
your  behalf  to  the  Macedonians-  I'.inl 
Is  wTiiitiK  from  Maeed-'iiia  and  the 
words  of  his  U>ast  were  that  Achaia  has 


ft. 


;  i 


184 


II  CORINTHIANS. 


[Vu.  IX 


Wl  li.ivc  I  sent  llu'  lintlircii.  oiir 
1n>.i>-ii:iK  I'l  \"\\  >li<>iil(l  111'  m  \aiii  in  tins 
IkIkiIi  ;  ill. It.       I  Mini,  \  t'  ni.iy  be  rr;iil\  ; 

4  Lc»t  liai)ly  if  tluv  'il  M.ntilonia  cunif 
with  nu',  ;in<l  tinil  yun  inipriiLind,  we  (that 
we  say  rmt.  ye)  should  be  ashamed  in  tliis 
same  ciiiifiilcut  boastinR. 

5  Therefore  I  thought  it  necessary  to 
exhort  thi'  brethren,  that  they  woiilil  ^o 
lM?fore  unto  yon,  and  make  tip  hefort  hand 
yonr  fiotinty,  whereof  ye  liad  notice  before, 


lli.it  tlie  satno  ininlit  be  ready,  as  ii  matter 
(if  lioMiity.  .uid  r.'it  as  of  CDvelniisness. 

()  Hut  thi>  1  stiy,  lie  whicli  Miweth 
sparingly  shall  reap  also  sparingly  ;  and  he 
which  soweth  bountifully  shall  reap  also 
bountifully. 

r  \'.\eT\  man  according  as  he  purposeth 
in  his  lu:irt.  so  It't  him  gnr;  not  gnidg- 
ninly,  or  nf  necessity:  for  God  loveth  a 
cheerful  giver. 


been  prepared  t"  ni.ikc  its  contrihulinn 
since  last  year  i -Mnie  ]ihr,i~i  iii  \  in.  lo). 
On  if.  i.  I    III-  sa\s  AJuiia  rather 

than  yoii,  partly  Im-.iii-i'  Ik-  i>  ((noting  the 
Words  of  his  hoasi,  ii.ntly  because  the  Co- 
rinthian Christians  wtre  not  the  only  ones 
involved  icf.  i.  1).  And  your  zeal  stirred 
up  the  greater  number  of  tluin.  llie 
Alaeedi inian  lilnr.'ility,  n-yanlrd  in  viii.  i 
as  a  Ki't  of  <i'M|.  is  lu  re  a-i  ribed  to  tin- 
.spur  of  the  t  I  >niitlii,ut  I  N.inuili-.  'i'here  is 
no  inei iinpatibilily  bitwrrn  iluse  re.i^on-, 
the  fornu-r  i-  the  more  pr.  ifi  iiiiid. 

3,  4.  I'. ml  i~  -o  suri-  of  iIk  Ciirintlii.ins 
and  thi-ir  iiitI;M-i.i-m  lltat  In-  li.is  nut  lio- 
ilati-d   to  aM"iit   tluTii   1.1  tin-  Mai-r- 

iiom.in«.  Ill-  i|(H>  nni  ii.r.l  t.i  riiUMiil  tluni 
furliu T.  liy  li  t'.T.  of  ilu  ir  <l;ity.  But  lu-  1-. 
aii\i"U>  t"  ni.iki-  ^nri-  ih.it  I'.u  ir  eiitliii^ia^m 
will  he  i-r.'Uiiiii  I'V  ai'tiiiii  (  m:i.  u>  I. )  ami 
that  till-  111. 'la  y  wi^l  Iji-  tlu  rc  wlu  n  he  .ar- 
rives. Ill  ihi^  eiicl  I  am  sending  (firf^V* 
epistolary  aoti~i:  cf.  vin.  iS)  the  brethren 
—  'l  it lis  and  his  two  colleaKnes  (\iii.  i(>- 
J4>  that  our  boast  about  jrou  be  not, 
by  your  lethargy,  made  void  m  THIS  re- 
spect, lie  had  Ixiasted  frefpiently  of  the 
Corinthians  ( \  ii.  4,  14),  and  they  had  many 
qualities  of  whieli  he  niii;lit  \\<l!  Ik-  proud 
(viii.  7),  ineliiiliiiK  the  rciiK  /.'  lo  con- 
tribute (\iii  II  >:  hilt  lilii  ral  dtcis  I  Mii. 
11)  were  lu  iah  d  as  well  as  !il>rr.il  inti-n- 
tions,  and  r.iiil  was  anxious  tli.it  his  h'l.i^t 
should  not  prove  to  he  an  idle  one  in  tlus 
very  inipi irt.iiit  ri--i'i<l  S'-  he  simls  tin- 
<lelegaii  s  in  ,Td\,i!u<-,  in  order  that,  as  I 
repeatiilly  (f\»-,i'i-  niiiu'  >  said  lo  llie  M.u-i-- 
doMi.iiis,  you  may  be  prepared  with  the 
enniriliuii.  !i ;  lest  by  any  means,  if  any 
Macedonians  should  come  with  me  and 
find  you  unprepared,  we  mot  to  say 
YOU  I  should  be  put  to  shame  in  1!  • 
niatti-r  "\  this  confidence  ( eirojTacrit,  ii. 
xi.  17.  liter, standing  ground;  then 
gri  tnul  of  hope,  c  iilideiue).  It  is  liefore 
Slacedonians  that  I'aiil  has  m.tde  his  lj<iast 
( ver.  Jl:  if  .1/(I<-<'i/cimk"'*  should  sec  that 
it  was  an  empty  (KtnjiBi")  boast,  he  will 
be  disgraced.    The  Corinthians,  no  doubt, 


evi-ii  nil  in-  lli.in  he.  as  it  is  they  who  are 
tile  i-.iUse  ■'t  Ills  dis^;race,  but  he  ehonses 
to  .appeal  to  tlieir  sense  of  honor  by  con- 
centrating their  attention  upon  his  own  dis- 
grace. His  reputation  (as  well  as  ilu-irs) 
is  .It  stake  in  the  collection,  for  he  has 
Imasted  about  their  liberality. 

S.  Therefore,  to  .ivi,!  this  disgrace 
fver.  4).  I  thought  it  necessary  to  ex- 
li.  rt  or  entreat  the  brethren  (ver.  to 
go  to  you  in  advance,  and  to  make  up 
in  advance  your  bounty  promised  in  ad- 
vance (so  that;  ^'irre  \,  iiiidiTstui  id  )  it 
might  be  ready  as  a  real  bounty  (lit  .m< 
i-\ai  -lv  .'IS  ;i  liiiunty)  and  not  as  a  nig- 
gardly gift.  I  hi-  tliri  i-  vi-rhs  ennipc uiiidid 
\\  ;ili  T^po  (lieiuri  )  .'in-  vi-ry  ■lii'i  aliK- ;  ar 
1  ..ii'.;i'iiii-nts  niusi  hi-  111, llie  /a-'.i/i-  i'aul's 
arri\al,  sn  tli.it  all  will  he  rr.uly  wlli-ii  he 
arm  I  S.  ei'\o")ia,  a  /'/i-.v.c/;.^ .  lisii;illy  111 
uonis,  lure  111  di-i-ds .iiii  >l  hi  r  n.iiiH-  fnr 
the  lolh-elion  (el.  X"P".  i'V'"''?'.  \iii.  ly, 
_'0);  rXtovtiia  is  the  greedy,  grasping,  un- 
genennis  spirit  which  keeps  all  it  can.  If 
the  collection  is  not  to  have  this  appear- 
ance, it  must  he  given  without  delay. 


I'hi-  l\r\iii  js  of  l.ihi-ralily  (  ix,  (i-ltl. 

6,  7.    I'.iiil  now  turns  to  the  spirit  in 
wliieli  the  I'l'titrilpiition  niust  he  ni.ide,  and 
ihr  sun-  r.  w.iriN  1  if  lilH-r,ili!v.    Now  ( mark) 
I  this  —  the    till, it    liriiiiijile    which    Paul  is 
ahii!-,t    to    I  iMim-i.ite.    t!ia!    he    who  SOWS 

sparingly  shall  also  reap  sparingly,  and 
he  who  sows  bountifully  (lit.  e;i  tlic  pnn- 

tlfli-     I'f     /'/i.vV.-ll^.V,  |.(.!!Il!iful     Kills,  cf. 

\  er.  s:  the  plur.il  siiL:i;i  sts  the  r'l  li  xariely) 
shall  also  reap  bountifully.  I'.y  I'.'uuti- 
tuii'v  and  sfiii  iii::!y.  Taiil  does  nut  lu-ces- 
sarily  mean  much  and  l.l'lr  the  amount, 
Kiiat  or  siii:ill_  has  to  lie  proportional  to 
tlie  means  (viii.  II,  ui;  its  acceptability 
iKpeiids  iipiin  llie  readiness  irpoftM'a,  viu. 
1-'^,  the  cheerfulness,  hilarity  ( Ifca^*« »i,  cf. 
ix.  7 )  with  which  it  is  fwrcn  Tlie  gifts 
are  compareil  to  a  »c:rtterini.  -ecd,  which 
has  its  inevitable  harvest;  wluu  or  how  the 


Ch.  IX] 


II  CORINTHIANS. 


185 


8  And  God  is  able  to  make  all  Krace  i  lo  Now  Ik-  that  niim  .ti-rctii  s.  id  t,>  tlu- 
abound  toward  you ;  tliat  ye,  always  having  sower  both  ini!ii>(ir  lin  ad  for  y.'iit  1. 1. 1(1. 
all  siifficuiic  v  m  all  thiHgs.  may  abound  to  '  and  multiply  yoitr  sct  d  sown,  aiul  iiu  roasc 
t'vcry  good  work:  tin-  fruits  of  your  riRhteotiMn-ss  • ) 

y  (  As  It  IS  written.  He  hath  disporstd  ii  Hi-inp  enriched  m  every  thiniz  to  all 
abroad;  he  hath  given  to  the  poor:  his  i  bouiitifulm-ss,  which  causeth  thruueh  us 
righteousness  remaineth  for  ever.  I  thanksnivinR  to  God. 


harvest  is  gathered,  it  is  not  said.  I  hc 
situation  contemplated  in  viii.  14  suBKi-'ts 
that  the  advantages  to  be  rru/i.t/  are  ma- 
terial: in  truth  tliey  are  both  material 
and  >pirini,il  ii\.  ij),  liberality  prodiu-i- 
jjratiliide  and  thanksuiviiin  lo  (lod  ( vi  r. 
III.  The  principle  is  one  on  which  I'aul 
cIm' where  insists  (cf.  Cial.  vi.  8).  that 
the  reaping  is  unalterably  conditioned  by 
the  -owin^r,  .Vnd  the  nionoy  nnist  lie  Kivrn 
not  nnly  i(ii!i-|sly.  hut  f;U:,i:\,  with  a  |ii!ri"'>e 
tli.it  i>  di'i;h,  u\lr  I  >rpoi7pT)Tai  I  a^  well  a- 
NiiuH  ir  let  each  .  nc  i  give  1  as  he  has 
ir.ely  detfrmined  with  the  heart,  not 
with   (  lit.  I   a  teehiiK  of         .  \  ,,r 

pain  .It  li.iMiii:  |i.irt  u:ih  l.i^  iiicm  i.  or 
under  compulsion,  con-tr.iinril.  t.ir  e\.i;ii 
pK.  hv  appe.iraiice.  pulilic  opinii  ii,  < 
for  it  is  a  CHEERFUL  giver  that  God 
loves.  This  last  sentence  is  a  i|iioiatiMii 
from  the  Greek  version  (ijuite  unlike  the 
Hebrew)  of  Frov.  xxii.  8,  whose  tiXoyti 
((i  kI  )'i,'<.ics  a  cheerful  giver  I  has  been 
ch.ini^i'l  into  d>aird  (h>^■^•s^.  Cod's  eyi>. 
iM  li--~  tli.in  the  eyes  of  the  churches  (viii. 
J I  I  .irr  :i|».n  the  gi\ers  .-md  tlieir  gift. 
I  !k'  cnlleclion  must  he  the  outcome 

of  ,1  i.;iiii,|  sfiir:  it  must  he,  to  re\ir~c  t';c 
l.iiiuii.iyc  .it  vni.  .'1.  coniciy  not  only  in  the 
•■tiiht  o!  in.  11,  I)iit  ,  ,1  ( 

8,  9.  I'liit  uherc  i-  the  money  to  comr 
t  '  ni  '  the  t '.  .rinthuin-,  niiuht  a-k.  .\ii  ,111 
>ucr  li;is  ;ilre.iily  licrn  sUKU.-^tcil  hv  j; 
<'\in  .1  chiircli  lli.it  i-  prrv.Hiriii  .in.l  m 
</<•.•/'  r,':,-it\  h.-i-,  c.  .ntri\.ii  in  j^ivc  with 
astoni>-lniiL:  lili.T.iIit>  II.  i.  the  point  is 
tii;it  C,ih\  i-.  the  iiia^i.r  the  \MirI.rs  re- 
sources, and  He  can  hlc^^  tlu-  lihcralK  dis- 
posed with  the  means  to  lihcrality.  lie  ,  jii 
(8,  I))  and  He  x^ill  (10,  11  1  In  .ill  finan- 
cial efforts,  and  philanthropic  a-pirations, 
//.■  niii-t  never  be  lost  sight  of  (6  tlfoi  at 
i  n. I  ..t  \cr  -  and  near  beRiiming  i.f  ver  8). 
God  is  able  ^ii  fnTti.  first  and  emtihatie  — 
nil  /•.Ite  r  IS  with  linn )  to  make  all  grace, 
i;ilt-  ..f  i  v.  rv  kiii.l  li.  r,-  .-.p.  ,  i,i!|v  in  the 
"/.!'< 'I.;/  -i  n-(  to  abound  unto  you,  in 
order  that  you.  having  always  in  every- 
thing all  sufficiency,  may  nof  on'v  have 
t  iHiiiuh.  lint  to  spare  for  every  good,  / 
cli,iritahle,  work.  ai'T(ip«to  miulit  mean 
contentment.  Imt  in  this  context,  it  more 
naturally  means  sufficiency  of  material  re- 


'  sources.     |  he   four  I'.ilil   repetition   of  irai- 
is  very  impressive      I  he  sutlicu  ncy  is  en 
tire,  contiiiiiotis.  and  covers  e\iiy  <lei).irt- 
ment  of  life'  and  as  (lod  can  liiake  I  lis 
grace,  expressed  in  material  things,  alMiimd 
(  TtpKTfftiVai  >   |,>  them,  it  is  that  they  in 
turn  may  about.ii  (  «p4<rff«ti)Tt )  in  charity  to 
others.    The  Lord  of  the  world  can  give 
them  enough   for  their  own  needs,  and 
s..iiuthing  iTvr  for  the  needs  of  ntlurs. 
In  the  words  of  scripture:   "He  scat- 
I  tered  " — a  hue  expr.  s,j.,ti  |,,r  upeii  hatuled 
ii    :.li!y— "he  ^ave   to  the  poor,  his 
j  righteousness  abideth  for  ever  —  a  cit.i- 
.t'.'Ti  tr.>in  I'-.ilni  c\ii  (i     In  tlu-  i  -  ilui.  tins 
i  I  I'cr.ihly  is  (inc  of  the  lealuri  s  ..t  "  the  111,111 
u'lo  tears  the  Lord"  ( \cr.  11;  and  s.i  it 
I    1^    he   here.   illns:r;iti:ig   tlu-    list  plu.ise 
■■  ,il" 'Uiiihni;   nnl.i  everv  chaiit,ili|e  work  " 
It  iii.iy  he  taken,  li  .ueMT.  p.rii.ips  r.itluT 
less  natiiral!>.  to  n  lir  t.i  (iu.|,  tin-  ^ul''..-t 
of  the   preceding  scutmce,  as  illusiralir.g 
I  lis    liberality:    He    makes     His  grace 
:ihi'und.  //(•  scatters,  gives  to  the  p.ior,  <te 
It  woiiM  be  no  objection  to  this  view  that 
it  is  against  the  original  sense  of  the  psalm. 
It   Is  v-crt.iin  th.il,  .ini.ing  the  later  Ji  ws, 
•Vmioitm't,  i  ri,i.:liif.iiisiu  ss )  w.is  often  prac- 
•    illy  ei|uivaleiit  10  •XcijMOffinj  i,i/i)ni,  cf. 
]  i.it  vi   I.  where  the  fextiis  reci  pois  re;ids 
•*!   for  the  tn..r.-  i-iirrict       :  ,-iii.l  th.it  this 
ii.:i>  ;ils.>  In-  the  c.is.-  \u:rv  is  su.ji-,  ,|,,|  |iy 
tlie  lliir.l  viTse  of  the  ps.ihn  wh.  re  "  riglil- 
(.■iisiiess"    is    p:ii,i!|,'l    wiih    ■'vm.-iIiIi  ami 
riches"     t"\,n   il   ih.    \\..r.|   li.ne   here  its 
ni'Tc  g<  lu  r;il  in.-.in-ii;  ..I  "  rmliteoiisness," 
the  [);irticul.ir  rxpris^um  nf  lh.it  cli.ir;i.'t.T 
nn.jer  .■.)nsi,|iT:it h .11  is.  I  t  tli.'  ni.niicnt.  lih- 
ei.ility:    si,   th:it    we    niiulil    aliim-t  ren.hr 
"his  lilieralitv  ahi.hs  for  e\er" 

10,  II.  (iod  imt  niilv  h.is  the  pi.wer 
,«e«irf«,  8,  (J)  hut  the  will  t.i  v;ive.  And 
He  (in  Isaiah  Iv  10,  the  ritin)  who  sup-, 
plies  seed  to  the  sower  and  s,.  iiUsses' 
the  seed  as  to  turn  it  into  bread  for  eat- 
ing (  \  \'  connects  this  wrotigU  uith  the' 
!u\i  verb)  will  supply  and  multiply  the' 

s.<  (l  fur  your  sowing  unropof.  not  oripua, 

!.,fnrr>.  It".  «•!!  f':riii  h  ynn  .-ihtmdnnfly 
with  tne;ms  to  s,  -.v  hro.iil  c:is!  Muir  libi  r 
ahty:  and  as  ih,-      .-,1.  hl.sM-.|  hv  r„i.|, 
comes  back  in  the  form  of  bread,  so  will 
He  bless  your  liberality,  Sasaia^n),  here 


IT  ('t)RINTHTANS. 


[I'H.  IX 


I  J  |-..r  llu-  Miluiiiii-ti^itioii  "i  lln-  ^,  r\i.i- 
liiil  i.iiK   ^iipiilu  ill  ■.•.,int   .il   'in-  -anl^, 

ii'.r..   ! : 

1^  \\  iv.lr  )i\  llii-  cxiH  rinu'iil  i.f  tllis 
'iiiiM~tr.i'liMi  llicy  j;l"rif>  I"r  yimr  i>ic) 


■i-ti'in  mil"  tin-  f'sjul  of  t'liri-f. 


.iiiil  t'lr  \  ■iir  htii-ral  (li>tnbuliuTi  iiiilo  thi-iii, 
.111(1  iiiito       »irii ; 

14  And  liv  tluir  jiraycr.  f^r  \oii,  which 
loiiK  at'tiT  you  tor  llle  fNCi'iiliiiK  grace  of 
( io(l  in  >oii. 

15  'I'liaiik'  I'C  unto  <;o<l  for  his  tin- 
-|nMkal)k'  pift. 


rri:.n  ill 


.1. 


I' 


i",,vi!i  iri;;;  ii'.  1,  >  II  increase 
the  fruits  of  your  righteousness  1 ;  <■  lili- 
I'r.-ilit)  1  1  111-  11';!'  -  ■  't  IT:-'  r.il;'>  irr  'K 
si-iiiiil  ni'iic  iiai!  uulai  1\  in  \<r.  I-' 
iN.rlly  mall  rial.  ii.ii  ;i>  --jiiniual.  'i'lic 
]>!ira-f  /".■|(,,'.v  I'/  ;  I,,/;/.-  ii.Mir.v.v  i'miiii  <  Iroin 
ihf  driik  \or-ion  of  iioMa  .\.  I.'  Ub't  >u\>- 
imrli  il  liy  onr  jiri  ^cnt  IliUri  w  ti  xt,  wliii  h 
inail..iMv.  howcMT,  slionlil  lie  cnuiKK-"!  1 . 
Wrsr  I  I  is  att.iciud  to  vir.  10  witllont  any 
strict  uraminatual  coniii-clion.  the  part iciiilc 
irXorTijo^efoi,  which  liaims  liy  itx  lf,  ri'fi  rs  to 
llie  .V""  "f  the  prcii  (hni;  .  i  ~i- :  lyoul 
who  in  vcr.  S  were  ili  •-i-rila  il  ..^  li.ivnii;  i/i  i 
f.rrytliin.^  cnoiiiili.  arc  n.'.v  (Kv.iiluil  a- 
being  in  everything  enriched,  iliat  1^.  m 
inatrrial  ri'Minrci-.  h;;i  raiu-.  ;irr  to 

In-  lurllur  t  \pri-^i(l  in  all  liberality. 
Ills  Kill-  (  xa/'".  MI-  <"-'l  ni.iKi-  lil>>i 
jility  iio-'-iliK- :  thi--  lil»-r.ilii\  i-  n  u.nd'  .l  ]'V 
the  powt-r  10  In-  in.  .11-  Mur  il.  an.!  it  in- 
creases .iinonv:  llior-e  who  enioy  its  v;il!s  a 
lenip.  r  mi  (l,-\M.-t  uratniHle,  l.>r  it  i-  .n  a 
kni.l  ■^'•i«i  which  works  out.  through 
our  mediation  a-  ue  (hstrilmie  it,  thanks- 
giving to  Cod. 

Ttu-  Results  of  Lihi-nility  (ix.  iJ-t;). 

la.    Tliis  passage   (u-i.sK  whose  gen- 
i-ral  meaniitj;  is  plain,  thoiiKh  its  construe 
tions  are  rallier  coinplieati  <1  aiui  iincerlaiii. 
deals  with  s,.tiie  of  tin'  "  fruits  of  riylil 
eon-iu-ss  "  i\ir.  lo  ) ,     llu  e.  ■lU  etn  .11  is  here 

e.  ilKd  .1   \fi7-oi  ()->ia    ilitii':^}!.  ,1   W'td  eili- 

in  el.issi,-,,|  Cn.k  to  (hs.iil.-  s,,nie 
j.'ili'.ie  M  i  \u-i  ulneli  llu-  l  u  lu  r  i;-i  -ii  -  ili- 
cluirneil  at  ill' ir  own  <  speiisi- ;  lure  it  is  a 
service  to //.'i'  .ViJUf.'.v  i\.  r  I.  l-'.  4'-  'n 
Mil  to,  JO  llle  e'llrei!..n  1-  -.nil  !o  In-  ,1,.'- 
,--,-(/  I  t^i  I'iucoi  I'T?  )  hv  Paal.  and 
s,.ine  have  snp|i"si-,|  il>at  llie  iiiinisirati"!! 
t  ^tahoiin  I ,  I,)  \\l;i.!i  he  lu  re   (\tr    IJ'  re 

f,  fs.  is  .i!-,!  liis  .  \M1  :  Im!  verse  1,5.  vvlu  ie 
llie  n.f.ninii;  is  iinanil'r.:n. '-as.  in.'-ki  -  it 
pi.ietie.ilK  e.  'ta'.n  llial  1;.  in.  .tils  tin-  itliii- 
istration  •  i  •  For  the  ( 1  c 
V'li'i  ministration  of  this  eh.inl.iMe 
service  '  ''-i  i'""r  (  !iristi;ins  is  one 
which  not  only  supphes  ('Vti  with  pic  1 
the  needs  {iaTtpriiiaTa  cf  viii  14^  of  the 
saints,  but  further  results  in  abundant 
thanksgivings  ( lit.  '  abounds  by  means  of 


many  thank -ui v  ni'.;s  '  1  to  God.  i  ri  s'.ilts 
.ire  liolii  ina!-  ri.il  .nal  spntl;:.il,  ii"l  ".ily 
.ire  the  liiinL;i)  led.  lull  a  lli  vv  spii  iiii.il  ;.t- 
n,. 'sphere  is  created  atiionk;  tiuiti  .\s  Deu- 
luy  aptly  say-.  "It  is  m 'iiietiiiiiK  to  til',  up 
tr.rtlier  the  lueasnre  of  a  hroiher's  needs 
liy  .1  timely  Kift,  hut  how  luiich  more  it  is 
to  cli.iiiKc  the  tune  of  Ins  spirit,  .iiid  whereas 
we  tiMtiid  him  elieerless  oT  weak  in  faith, 
t'l  le.ivi-  '  nil  (.:r;tli  l!-r>  praisiiiy  (ioil." 

13.  \risc  15.  like  ver.  II.  is  loosely 
all. idled  to  llu-  priiedni:;  ver-r  'he  n"in- 
iiiative   participle   Soia(,o>r»t   n  ti  r-    !  ■  tin 


n  ti  r-  t  ' 
I    he  lulpii 

III.  'If  mill;, 
ail    "1  tlie 


7',, 
I'o- 


s. lints  of  \er.   I-'  who  wil 
the  colleetii m.     I  In   e  >'li  eli 
btahOl  ia,   Is   a   tts!    ( ''io^ 
iiii!hi,ii;s.  jiisi    as  ,itl!:.-'i"n  a    -'^1  ..t 

lia-  M.ii-e.l.'inans  tviii  jl.  Through  the 
proving  oi  v.iiir  t  l;nst:,in  .  ii  iKn  i  r  af- 
forded  by    this   eli.irit.illi  ministration, 

they,    the    1  r    s.nnt,    ..t    jaha.  glorify 

God  for  two  re.isi.ns;  tirsilv.  for  the  sub- 
jection of  your  confession  with  regard  to 
the  gospel  of  Christ,  and  s,coiu!ly  (for) 
the  liberality  of  (your)  contribution  to 
them  and  to  all.  Their  o^oXo-via  wa*  not, 
j  of  course,  the  ohiccfive  standard  of  their 
failli.  h'lt  their  suhjective  c,ni',-SM''ii  of  it 
'  —  here  almost  etjual  to  "  profession."  This 
was  in  ,1  st.ite  of  siihji\li<'ii  with  reuanl  to 
{(it:  ilir  eoiistrnctioii  is  not.  "in  snli'fiiii 'ii 
lo  "  >  \':r  L;"si.el  of  I'hrist  ;  ihrv  si,! .niii ted 
to  Its  ide.iis.  I  sineial'v  to  its  , )1 'liLi.iIn  ;  1  lo 
111,-inifest  I'la,  !  n.ilU  til  urai'i  nl  (i"'I  as 
]. rod, Hilled  III  till-  L-"-;nl  I'l  t  lirisi  Wli.it- 
rx.r  il'"-l.ls  h.id  he.n  eii'i  i-,iini-d  ..I  the 
t'Tinihian  dinrili  hy  tin-  .liiiie;in  Chris- 
n.iiis.    wi  re  .-insui  n  '1    hv     lliis  lili 

eralitv,  wliidi  was  snielv   a  \er>  pr,-u-tical 
ci'iifi's, 1,1,1  of  f.iiih.  vvorknr.i  liv  lovi-      I  he 
"  rwi  iitu-th     feiiliny     .New      resi.inunl  " 
|S.;i\es   tlie   gem  ral    scii-e   well:    "tor  your 
jli.ldi'v  !i>  voiir  profession  of  faith  in  the 
ir„...d  Xevvs  of  the  Christ  "     This  practical 
a.ve  of  (ieiitile  (Corinthian)  Christians  to 
levvish  Christians  showed  that  the  lionils 
"f  r.icial  and  relitiious  dilTerence  had  been 
broken,  ami  the  liberality  the  Corinthi.ins 
,;-,ad    shown   to   t!ie  Jtide.ins    ib-.y  v>o:Od 
certainly  he  rendv  to  show  to  all,  but  of 
Isiich  othiT  iluiiiiahlo  efforts  we  h.ive  no 
positive  kno\vlei!f»e 

I     14,   IS.     .-VKfiu   the   eoniiei-noii    is   1  >• 

:^€wiwoDovrTui¥  IS  a  Kcliit.  .ih-oj  .  altliouuli  It 


Ch.  IX] 


II  COKIXTIIIANS. 


187 


rc  fi  r-i  tf  tlic  same  persons  as  flic  tu>iiiiti.  iii^i)iration  I'f  mry  Ininiaii  (jrai-o.  Ihc 
Soia(orTn  (ver.  1.0:  tii''i  /"■<'>'<■''•  '*  K'f's         t'li'    Corinthian-,    "t    itu    M.i.  < 

till'  ilativc  of  aivomiKiniinonl.    And  they,  iloiiiaiis.  all  luim.iii  n\n>.  .n.-  mii.iII   ti  " 
tlic  poor  saints,  wnulil  lio  so  mncti  toiichril  parison   witii   that   \Hi-piakahlc  nHt  -  hut 
hy  the  I'orinthiaii  collcrtion  that,  with  in  '  rays  of  that  iiitmitf  light 
i,-ic<--ory  prayer  for  you,      \  wi.ll  long 
for  clo-i  r  intcri-oiirsc  wi'h  you,  because  of 

the  abundant  grace  of  God  u'ii.li  !  .>      Hu-  wii..!.-  ilnii.  m!;        .n  -i  •!  "'1 

I.  c.-n  pouri'd  upon  you.  TIk-  r.  .t:^  , .  .1  !.>;iou  li.in.lK-.i  In  1' i  il  .Mih  a  .Lhi.i.y 
liHtiMii  was  \n  thrni  the  «vilih'.l  of  ihr  li  it  i>  oiiA  ri|!iall<il  h>  ,  .mi.  -'lu 
,i;r.„-i'  of  (in,!,  aii.l  th.'v  y.  .iinL-.l  to  m  <■  In  tlir  .Tni.-r •.. .ii  lb,-  t  -  .nm !a.iii>, 
!l:..-r  ill  wlioiii  li  i^r.ic-r  w.i-  iii:n;ii.  ~t  ;  ,  1'. nil's  own  li'.ii'T  i-  .it  -'.in' .  I"i  h'  li-i- 
.i!',!  if  thrv  o.'ihl  ii-t  ~.  ,■  ihrin.  at  Ir  t!:,-v  : -r'-'-'"i  o'luv-  uiih  pifh  ..!-nl  \\''.n. 
,    iiiiii  nil,.l  ihiin  t.'<.".l  ill  vr.i'.  f;;I  pr  iM  r  '  .mil  Mill  nioi.-.  th.nr  ..un  ho:i..r        (  hn-- 

II.  .W  iiuulitv  a  f.TOf  iiiM-t  ihi-  K"-lM  1  ItKiii  nil  II  I  h>-  oi  tli,-  rhiiuhr-  are 
l-..!i  u  hull' tli!!-  hroiiMln  J,w  .11-.!  t ,.  rtih- j  I'l"'!!  tlidii  iMii  -'(1.  lh<-  <■><-  of  (,.m1  ar<- 
i,.i:>tl'.  r'  M  l  it  iiMinicl"-  1'- If  111  thrinpoii  tluin  i  i\.  ;i.  I  h.  ir  own  niatdi.il 
-piutv  of  ni..iuv  I'.inl  ^.r.\  tin-  ,  olhn-ii.  .ii  i  .mil  S'^-tiia!  fiitiir.-  will  .h  p.Mi.l  upon  their 
ill  1'-  f.ir  na.hiir.:  -ii:n;'i,i;  .tY.i-t-.  n,  .|  |  i  ■  S"  "i~''  •  li'"  •■'I'l'"'''  l:v  itihilo  nihil  tit. 
iren  ly  a  rrlii  f  of  iK  •  1 1' ut i.  .ii  :  .uhI  a-  i  h.  >  uili  re.ip  e\actly  a-  they  sow  —  no 
he  eotitenipl.ite*  it  all.  lie  i>  ahiio-t  over-   K  --  ami  ni>  more. 

whelmed  hv  the  womter  of  it  -  iioi  of  the  Further,  they  omuIiI  to  give  not  onlv  u.  ii 
e«ntrihutii)n  it-elf.  a>  some  -npp. of  the  erou-l\  hut  eh.  .  riiilK  ;  an.l  h-u  i  'i  ih'-e 
t'hristian  Kener.  .-itv  uhuli  :n-i'ir.  d  it.  th.'ifiil  t..  d.i  tin--  wlu  n  tii.  \  >  l::'- 
.!.\..tit  uratii"'!.-  \vi''i  whi.  !:  it  u  i-  n-  !  Iiuit-  ..f  thni  (•■.It  will  h.  '  It  \m  1  H'  I 
.■.!\r.l.  the  M-i.-e  ..f  r'!M--!.-i  )r..-'  -m!  l-nly  r.-h.  v.  d— t.--,  hut  it  ttdl  ei .  .te  ,i 
ui-i.-h  It  .l.-.-peiie.l  ,111.1  Mr.  iicth.  n.-l  '  m  v  w  -pi:''-d  :ii'v  -p' .  r-  !•  r  th.e  •<:.  II  r.-- 
!\  the  wond.  r  ..I  the  r.'.l.  uipf.'U  wr..-!i'  'la..!  It  wd".  td.  rh.ii  1.-  ..tt-  w  - -iii 
!.'v  I  !in-'.  that  ini-jhtv  foiee  w'        er.  it.  .1  :  ••'id.-,  it  wi'l  .|i-..iin  -•••.•p'  - "'"  '"  '\ 

;.!;  .\ii.I,  ,a-  in  I  *        w.       I  M  .u'ti.  mI  m         ■  i         I'.diy  .ii;.l  p-'wr  of 

1  >-.iik-hi.l.  -  h;-  e..ii-id.  r.iM  '11  ..t  ■■  .  t , ir- j  '  h.-  v -! '>  h  H  wili  -•  r.  !ii;t  h.  u  1  in  ■  -,i;-.-o| 
■,■•1. h.  v.-  h.-  e-iudu.h -I;--  .li.-"--i..n  j'  ih  1.  it  ud!  "trn  di-t.,ut  -tr..ii;;.;r- 

Thanks  !•.•  to  God  for  Hisith.-ir  I  .  n.  t  >.;. -i .  .m.|  t  i   .,  .ii;i  t  ..f 

unspeakable    gift.    "I  1.  ■    .!>i'h.t    lo,'.  ^^^(■- I  ih.  ir   f  ..-.      W  .i-   it    not    i;.i:-.v.,l    ih.it  a- 
i;,r,     .I  K.    I, im    k..tn    .\i.  .  I'.illl    ihottui.'    -f    all    i'  :-.    and    ol  linn 

it>.  e.m  he  hfiiijK  r.  I.  rr.-.l  '■■  v'\:-<w  U    r.  d  ■  nreu  lo\.  had  m  id.   t'  .ill 

,1.^.,  {  ,,,,r,  i;ii'.  in  (  ii'  !-t.        pi  r     -ihh-.  he  -!■..■!:.!  it\  "  '  '  nd^-  hr  unto  dod 

fill  exhihiiioii  of  III-  the  Miuree  and|l"r  III-  iin-pi ak.ii  U  Kilt  " 


[i'n.  X 


I'AL  L  S  \  I.NUIL  A  TIUN  ()!•   lllS  Al'OS  lULIC  Al  l  ilUUI  l  Y 

(x.-xiii ). 


CHAPTER  lo. 
I    Now   1  I'aiii  myself  l>o>mli  ymi  by 


I  till-  iiKH'kni'ss  anil  Rt-ntlem-sH  of  Clirist, 
I  wliii  in  prt'M'ncc  am  lia^r  ;iiiioiik  jmi,  but 
j  hi'ing  ab.scnt  am  Ik'IU  toward  vmi ; 


Tlu'  I  cur^-'iiy  rr.nlrr  iimii"!  f  ill  to 
|i(ri'<  i\i  .111  aliii-pl  'lilii  n  nil  in  i"iir,  lu' 
tr.'iii  i  ll-  \iii  lo  ^  !i  \  I  h'liiiir 
lii.iliti  1^  ui  IT  t .  .iii|iliiiu  nl.li>  .Hill  alUi.- 
tii.ii.iii  .  ilii-  .iii'l  llu-  following  i-lia|itirs 
arc  luatiil.  iioliiniial.  ami  ill  Jiart  iroiiiral. 

I  liirc.  tile  l  oT  Kitlnalis  wi  re-  his  Im  IomiI 
"  hritlinn."  of  wlioni  lit-  was  proud,  and  of 
wliosf  H''"«ToMiy  III'  was  not  afraid  to 
boa^l ;  lu  ri'  tlun-  an-  civiiiii  s  In  tlu'  camp 
—  ciifiiiu  s  wlio  lia\t'  lii  i  ii  I  Ii.illi  iiyiii.i.;  Iiis 
aiitliori!\.  and  dilrariiiiK  irom  Ins  itoIii. 
and  uli"  ui'l  lIuTilorc  lla\o  to  lie  Mini 
niaril\  ,  ii  v.tili  'i  lu-y  will  Ii.im  to  l.c 
com iiu  i  liy  it^  iiii]i.ict  upon  tlu  ni~iU<-. 
llial  r.ti:!'^  aiillioritv  i>  a  \i-ry  ri-al  thiiii,'. 
and  llial  In-  i^-  .iiwl  as  cap.iblc  I'.i  cm  rc!~nii; 

II  I  ri.nr  tin  ir  <  \ cs  as  lie  is  by  means  of 
ci  irn^i "  'Mill  1 HT. 

In.li,.l  -.1  -nikin;.^  is  the  difTiri'iicr  of 
tmu'  I'llNM  iii  t!  1-  ^i  .  li"ii  and  tlir  pr.  i  t  .hiiL; 
tli.il  ^■'inr  v.-lir  .|,ir,  li.oc  frit  tliiiii-'Ki^ 
ol.li-'il  'o  irv.ii'l  ,1^  .1  .-rp.n.itc  liHtr. 

SiH  li  .1  '-iipp"^ilioii.  liMwcviT.  hardly  sci-ms 
to  he  niri~~:ii\,  I'.inl  ll.id  ill--l  hicn  liri"- 
iiii;  till-  r"rinihi.in-  t.'  ^-Iiou  tli.it  ^iMicro^itv 
for  whii-li  he  h.id  lliMll  credit.  Ihit 

what  i--  the  n-.  ..f  iiriiiiit;  ippeal  or  conii^i'l 
of  any  kind  iip'^n  U  pr.  plr  ainoiii;  wlioin 
Ills  anili-rily  i-  hriiin  h.  .lilly  ch.i'liMi'ji  d - 
'l  lure  i-  a  -piriii  d  .nid  venoiiioiis  oppo-iiion 
to  him  in  ilie  irinlhiaii  church,  which  i- 
not   onlv    Ttndrniiiiiinu'   Iii~   authority,  bin 

imiTT :  ]'  ■ ;  l:    * ' '  >     i   , . i:  n*':.,  1 

]M •  lU '  I  ■  -  •  i  I'  l  ,  -r.  !i  !  ■  iii  it  nnn.it 
liral.  lliril.  th.il    in   ' '  «    cl-  I'l  ,ip'<  r--^  hr 

sh.iiild  tiiin  |o  d'  il  u'i'i  -  .  pp.i-nion. 
and  to  vindic.ilf.  with  diuiiii\  lnit  eniplia- 
si--,  111--  cliailiimed  atithorilv, 

/'illi/'.v   l\<l-iv   t'   !':,■  (.Ihli;,,-         ( '.  ■ri'ifi/'Vc 
(X.  I  -(>  I 

I.    The  vtTV  lir^l  woriK  ^liow  jhat  i'aid 
uiitniLj  U!ih  i'ni:-'-..i!  t'i'oii..n      1!,-  ik'i^ 
no|  -.o    ^■nip!\    /  .  r'  '  ,       i  t:1(.,o.:t\um  \.'|(. 
hnr  I  1 '!;t  1  inphal!.-        1  Paul  l  for  the  i  ili 
pl.,'i.-  i-.'inhin.itioii  ,'  /''ii'.f  (k'd  v  J.  Kph 

iii  I.  I'hileinon  lo)  myself  mi'Tot)  entreat 
you.    I'erhaps  from  this  emphatic  introdnc- 


ih.it  hr  uri'lr  this 
.iiid  I  i  f  I'liilenioii 
\  I.  I  I  1  ;  ■  •!■  ^niiply. 


iit'ii.  it  m.o  hr  infrrri 
p.i^^.li;r  u  I'll  hi-  I  r,\  n 
lo.  I  (  I  ir    \  \  1      1 ,  (  1.1 

that  a-,  he  ha-  ,ihrad>  n-cd  the  tir-l  iiers 
pill,  so  much,  he  iio\\  distinctly  wishes  to 
ilissiiciate  Timothy  (i  ii  from  what  he  is 
about  to  say.  In  either  ease,  the  words  in- 
dicate that  the  passaye  to  follow  is  of  an 
iiiteii-tly, personal  n.iliire:  it  cuiicerns  liim- 
.ii7/.  It  is  his  aiithi'rity  th.il  has  been 
eh.illi  ii;:r(l :  and  with  j^reat  buldiiess  he 
put-  hi-  prrson.ility  into  the  very  forefront 
of  tile  ch-ri'--:>  111.  Ilurr  t-  no  tunr  wluii 
.1  ui.in  !-  111  -peak  wilh  n:i>''  hcit  th.ni 
ill  (h  feiuluiK  limi-ilf;  and  r.r.il  ^n.ird- 
i;:ni-i'f  .i!  thr  li.  miming,  h\  rrmnidiiij.; 
hiin-ilf.  tli.il  tile  .ippi.il  nni-t  he  made  by 

the  meekness  and  gentleness  of  Christ. 

I  he  l.ini^n.ii;e  w  hicli  li  ■  ' 
h'!t  I  '.ml  1 1  niiii' '  >  t hi'  t 
niii!i\r  which  in-pirr-  il 
-pr.ik-  in  the  r.mu'  .in 
the  (  Iin-t  v\  111  1  cl. ,111.1  . 
low  ly  (  M;it.  xi.  _'o  > 

iie-s,  the  kindly  spirit  wliich  dur-  iint  nar- 
louly  iii-i-i  r.]i,,Ti  it,  riijhls.  I  he  hnint  of 
the  charge  ay.iiiist  liiin  is  at  once  iiitro- 
duci  d:  /  /•(■.«!  .  c/i  y.'U  il)  who,  a-  y.ni  , 
to  (your)  face,  am  humble  among  you 
but  courageous  toward  you  when  I  am 
away.  .\  cnw.ird  at  close  (pi.irters,  a 
.1  di-!ai!ce;  one  who  can 
1  r-.  Iiiii  who  l.icks  authority 
will  II  he  Cl  mu  -  in  per-on  — 
cripiiiiii  of  Paul.  W'c 
th.it  I'.aiil  .iii-iiscd 
iiii|i'ci-i(  III  I  I  171;  his 
■a-:Iy  mi-inln  prrii  ,1  h\  tho-e 
nndrr-l.ind   ii-  iii-piiim;   111. 1- 

lIliiU  .imi   hi-  trllilrriir--  WiTi' 


u-  IS  vrry  -Uoiii;, 
iiinihi.m-  th.a;  tlie 
1-  thr  hiLilu  -I  ;  he 
in  the   -jiirit  of 
i|  t  1  be  (II.  i7,'  .and 
t'wtiihia  j-  ri|iii!.ihlr 


hr.nr  in.in 
wn:i   !i./  l  I 
.nal  ci'ilram' 
-'iih    i-  tlirir 
l:.!\e   .ilrr.idy  - 

'f    tiikllllrs-  .1 

.'■■mine!  u:!-  la 
who  (111!  imt 

Ills  C^ 


!  1 1\  r- 

1111-t.ik.n     for    c.  iwavilice  :     !;.'    iv  rirrni-tn 

;"|.rul>  "    in    a    h.ld    -"ll-r.    hr    I'.l-    I  'l  piiWrr 

of  -l  it  a-'-rrt'Mii  It  i-  -i'..;nitii  ant  thr 
epithet  with  wliiili  tile  rormlhi.in-  rrpf  .ich 
P.iiil  is  11-r.I  hv  Ji  -ii-  ill  Mat  \;  Jo  to 
rli.iracl.  T' 'r  Him-i  If  -  / '.-I'M'  of  ivart. 
I'or  I'.inl's  oiiponm'-  thrrc  i-  r..  (  !:'!-'i.in 
■■iroiit:i  about  the  word.  (".iiii',i^'.-  w.is 
Paul's  motto  ( iv.  16.  v  -  and  his 
couraueous  life  is  the  best  answer  to  this 
jcharRo  of  cowardice:  cf.  Acts  xxiv.  25  (the 


Ch.  XJ 


II  COKIXTIIIAXS. 


189 


llnl  I  l)r^cccli  v".  tii.it  I  iii.iy  iiMt  lio  5    t'.i^lmi;  I'i'Wii  iin:iv:i!i,i'i. 'ii-;.  ami  t  vi  ry 

I.M.I   wluii   I  ;mi  pri-iiit   wi'li  ih.it  i-.'iiti-  ihiii'^  tli.ii  i  \,ilir'!i  it-x't  .in.iin^t  tlic 

<K  iM',  uluriHiili  I  iliiiik  |..  Ill'          .m.nit-'  kii. 'U  I.  .It;.   ..1  (....|           |.ri;;v:iii|i;  itit.i  im|>- 

~..ii!r,  u  liii-h  tiniik  i.f  11^  .1^  it  u  I'  u.iI'k..'  uw\    .■•.■iv   lli.iir^li!         ilu-   .  .1..  .In  lu'i-  i.f 

. «r. liny  l.i  tlk-  l!i  >ii.  (  li:  1^1  ; 

I'.'r  tliiii;:;]!  u  r  w.ilk  ill  tlic  lU^h,  \m-  \ii'l  liaviiiy  111  a  ri'.i(liiu---i  t.>  rcvciiKi' 
.;  .  nut  \\ar  alirr  till-  tK^li  ;                          j.ill   .'i-'.IkiIicik'i',   wluii   vour  olx'tliciicc  is 

4    il'.  r  till-  \\tai".ii~  ..t  iiiir  w.iii.irc  iiir  fiiirilK'd. 
r.'i  iMi.ial.  l)tit  niiuliiy  thr>nij;h         to  ilu- 
!>  illiiii;  il. i\vn  of  stronK  liolils:) 

-11  1!'-  li  l.irc  l'vli.\>.  All"  \\i.  i_5  (v\Iurt'  ln^  i.|.i)..ti.  tit-  .-av  i  1  It  i-  a  warriDr, 
li.  ]ii..ii-^i-s  himself  ready  to  «lie  at  Ji-ni-  an.!  hi-  i  .iniMii!",  1-  :  •  •  pi\  i. .in .i-r. .iis 
^.iKnii.  1.  :!  -  •.  ,1 ,  ..1!     For  the  •.•.•;.apon«  of  our 

2.  W  h.tt  I'anl  i-ntriMttil  ihr  I '. .1  intlii.iii-  warfare,  1  .1.  .ii^.  .!  111  I  |i!i  \i  11  1 -, 
•■•  .1.1  ni  \i  r.  I  i-  n.it  >,n.l.  1!  Iu'i-..nu  -  i.i.iin  are  not  fleshly  but  I,,  n-  uc  t linn 
ni  \ir.  _■  wluri-  tin-  r<'.|iu -t  1-  nilr.nlmi.i  i..  -ay  sp.  1. 111,  a-,  th.il  i^  itnph.'it  111 
h>  anotliiT  .•mil  str.Miyer  \\..ril,  .^idjj.h  ;  tin-  I'l.-  .-..iniM-l,  lu'  .  ,11  -  .r'.  rr  ..  !  r  1,1 
|...iiit  i>  uliM-iireil  h\  A.  \'  uliuli  r.n.l.r-  ' '  .  |-  /  .....ihn  111. .  ,  ■!  .  ■  ■.  . 
li..tli  verl)-.  liv  hi-scrch.  Yes.  I  beseech  divinely  powertal  to  the  demolition  of 
tyou)  that  I  may  not,  when  I  come,  | strongholds,  /  ,■  .1  all  ik.-  i  nti.n.  n  .i  and 
have  to  show  fly  courage  with  the  con-  |niii;hty  iiiiIh.  ih-.  -  th.it  .1:  the  K"S"1  I  li'' 
fidence  with  which  I  count  on  being  I  wt'.'ipons  are  3i*'ar(?  »uj  not.  as  m  A  \  . 
bold  against  some  who  count  us  as  walk- 1  nti^hty  //;/.. m.-/i  i  hv  m.  oft  t.i..l."  l.nt, 
ing  after  the  flesh,  lie  nf.rs  t.>  hi-,  a-  in  A.  K.  V.  "  ii'iiv''.it>  ^.7,'>i•  i'vd"  tin 
.  :  '111.  -  .illn-nly  a-  .\.'t)i.-,-  llirir  ilKiri^o  is  |  jjis  eyis).  iir.u'Iu-.il!>  <(|iial  to  "  Jt:  iinlv, 
li.  it  he  u.ilk-  .it'ler  the  lle-li.  that  Ins  :  Miin  riiatiir.illy,  "  a>  i;i  the  de-erilition  of  tlii: 
>  in.liHt   1-  iinided  hy  iinspiritiial  tiio!i\ e-.  i  li  .I  '.tv    ..t    M  .-.  -   .  \el-  mi.  jol.  .ni-.d  the 

Ilu-    iiartk-iilar    iiu-aiiiiit;    of    tin-    iinu-ral  ;  m,     of  .Niii.mIi  1  Jonah  iii.  > 
I'hr.i-e  iini--t  he  iKlrrtiinud  hy  the  coiit,-\i  ;  :     5,  6.    \  >  i -i-  p,-irenl'liel i.-.i',    -.er.  5 

li.re.  alM'.irently.  tlu-  iniplu-af -n  i-  lli.it  Is.-  i.'iin.-i"-  uiili  \,r  ,< ;     ,-  ;>.;i-.  demolishing 
1-  Iini'.l.  e.  .miil.ii-.int.   al  r.i;.!  ..t   ol't'i  n.lni-.:,    -:i!.tl,-  ini.iLi-n.iti.  .n-.  -ophi-- ie.il  calculatiuns 
l..i>  n..  (Innie  i-..-irai:.-  ..r   inr!.iti\r.     I'.inl    1       iiTnoi-t  i-  ,,11  i-elio  ..f       iv'ou(i'Oi-».  v.  r.  j) 
•  Illy  h..in  -  it   will  11'!   \<v  luii --.iiy   t.  r  and  every  high  thing  that  lifts  itself  up 
h  ill  t.i  -li.iw  hi-  <--'in.ii;.-,     lie  i-.m  il-v  nii.i.-  against  ilu-  llii..  'i.;h  tlu-  pr..,-!  inui 

tli.iii  uMte  .iti.-iue  l.f.r-;  i i"  lu-nl  I.e.  I   ..1  ..  .1;,-  the  knowledge  of 

1--  pri  par.-.l  t..  ei.nu-  I..  ;h.  Ill  \\  .'h  111-  ••  r  "  God.  'I  lu-  i.iiiuaiv  nu  t.ipii..r-  .-in-  stiil 
'I  tor  n.  ji).  aiul  he  1-  tli.  .1 .  .'i-!:ly  ,  :-  k.  pt  np.  The  hicli  tlinii;-  uki.h  n-e  in 
A-./,  uM  T»'ru'"^<Tn  »  that  hr  will  1:.-  m..ri-  t!  Ml  .pp..-ni,.n  t..  the  k;-.-p.l  ai.-.  in  y  n.  ral, 
a  tllateh  t"..r  them.  .\..te  li..\v  n....  11  ' '  •  .->■  in.  .r.il  .1  ii.|  int  .-1 1.-.-' ■  i.il  u  nip-  r-.  h.ihi  isj 
(ami  Xo-)ij/.t>5.  \,r.  5>  eeh...-  iliro;'v;li  ike  a- ' ;!  n.li-.  uki.li  m.ike  ..ne  ,  ;ll..i!-'  p.  th.' 
pa--,-ii;e  ( I  f.  \  v.  7.  It):  he  has  a  i-j/,  m/.i- :  t  hri-'i.in  appeal  An  in.'i.-.it!- .n  of  what 
tit'ii  which  meets  ami  lllatelu-s  Ik.  irs.  i-  t!ie;iiit  will  lie  foninl  111  :h,  u.  l.1  \o7nr<»oit, 

3,  4.  Into  his  defeii-e  I'anl  inlnxlnces  j  w  hu  h  pv  rhaps  >iu,'..ji  In  prnn.irily  tlu-  s.iph- 
tniliiary  metaphors,  lli-  lite  i-  not  only  a'i-trie-,  or  nt  lea-i  tlu-  ari-riiu-i;t -,  hv  whieh 
.,;//,■  I  irfpiirrtToi-i'Tat ).  i«  j,  a  T.  .ir/.;f,  1  tile  (irr.-ks  r.-i-t..!  the  K"~pel  I  he 
I  .TTfi.irn  oMfrta ».  n..t  only  anainst  the  evil  wiap.ei-  l.y  whi.h  I';nil  tl.-in.  .li-k,  .1  the-e 
that  is  in  the  u..rl.l.  liMt  within  the  eluireh  .•iruiuneiits  ,vere  lU't  "  per-'ia-ive  w..r.!-  of 
il-elf.  .-IS  pr..\eil  l.y  the  a--s;iults  he  is  at  wi-il.iin,"  hut  Weap.ins  of  tlu-  spnit  ;iiul 
I'Ve-eiit  repeilim'.  (  )f  e.inrse.  sk  Inn..-  .-i-  i.owi-r  ||  C'.'r  ii  .).  -ii  1  .i.i»u.?,  ;i,  here  irrara  1 . 
!u   !-  a  niort.il  tiiati.  lu-  nin^t  walk  111  tin-  Still    t!ie    iinh'arv    n-Mp'u. rs    are  iii.-iiii 

'  .  -11.  -nlm-.-t        1'-  Inn-'.-ir-- -ns.  uliieli  prt--  t.iiiu-.!  .  we  \\  ,;r.  il.  -;,.  .k-limi;  i-\-i-ry  s'r..ni;- 

■■>'"  '"'11  tr-'in  !..ii"j      I  .,       .,li  'k..i  he  1:..1.I   ..f  ..,,p,..;-.       and  taking  captive 

U..11I1I.  hilt  lie  (1.1. -  n..'  walk  ,i':,-r.         .  .'-  every    th-  •    device    .-t'    1'  .     n  ,1 

1 '."'•a  I     the    ll.  -h.  ;    tlu-    prrie  ;.!.  -  .i-..-.,  11.       .     ■  into  t':.-   I.ii:.!   .  i'    .  n'v  ) 

.-"    ..-.hi..-!!    \\r    •-. 'lu'ii..-!-    !m-    ■.-:inii...:-..!  nbedifnce    »n    Christ.      !■  ■  skit 

.  ffT(.r,To  )     .1,    .|,t.  rniin.-il    piir.  ly    ''\  I'.muily  .!.  ti.  ■!  aiu!  i.-i-t,.!  (  In;--  ,-|'n,|  Hi- 

-p-ntnal.  not  l.\   >i.i"ir.il.  ,.»'f!.»/  .-.m.i.i.Ta-  r-.-p.-l.   i-   n  -w   l>\  tmnUw   u.  :ipons 

f.ms.    For.  walking        »  .   .!.■  ami  .1-  .  l'  i 'nil  -lu-  .  \  anyeli-i.  r.  .Ine.-. I  |. 

ninst  in  the  flesh,  we  do  not  war  accord-  I 'u-  e.mipli  t.  lu -s  of  iii,  tritnnph  1-  -un- 
ing  to  the  flesh.    Faiil  is  no  coward,  as  j  nested  by  the  repetition  of  »-a»  ;  the  gospel 


190 


II  COKIXTHIANS. 


[Ch.  X 


7  I)n  yc  look  on  ihiiiK'*  •ilttr  tlu'  o\it- 
\\;iril  at>iu;ir;iiicf?  If  .iiiy  man  tru>I  t" 
liiiiis.Il  that  lu-  IS  Christ's,  lot  liim  of  hint- 
Mif  think  this  aKain.  that,  a^  he  ts  Christ's 
even  vo  iirr  «f  Christ's. 

8  For  tlioiiuh  I  should  lx>ast  sotncwhat 


more  of  our  atithoritv,  which  the  Lord 
liath  gixen  us  for  cdihcation,  an<l  tmt  for 
your  ilfstriiction,  I  should  not  he  asli.iiiuil : 
I)   That  I  may  tiot  seem  as  if  I  would 
j  terrify  you  liy  letters. 


j'  1 


n 


\vr;i|Hin~  rirr  l«i\\iTfnl  t"  rciliirc  iT  I'l  V 
siionuli"!'!  ;  aiiki  iii  llu  lu  .iiiiiii  anil  m 
tin-  Jr\\i-li  n..rlil  Paul  li.is  iii.uiv  ;i  time 
Mill  t!ii^  -iniMiilir  to  Clin^t.  r.iiil  is  a 
s..I(li,r.  Ill-  i-..iM|i.imii  is  siicrcssful,  and  Ir- 
is ready  imnisli  tlie  relieK,  or,  as  he 
sa>s,    to    avenge    every  disobeiliencc 

(itapahori  iijipiist'd  to  I'lraAO^).  lie  is  tint 
the  coward  tiny  think  he  is.  and  he  will 
show  tluin  that,  if  need  lu-,  wlu  n  he  conns. 
How  he  will  assert  his  aiitliMnty  against 
the  rv ealinrants,  he  dms  not  say  —  lur 
haps  as  ill  I  Cor.  V.  5;  Imt  clearly  it  is 
no  idlf  threat,  lu-  only  li^pis  lie  will  ti"t 
li.r,.  ■  ■  put  It  into  c\(Tii;iiiii  i\rr.  J '  III 
•  i;  .  ,  .,  he  will  only  <lo  u  when  ^  OUR 
obedience  shall  be  fulfilled.  I'.ml  iK..is 
in  loM-  .1111!  u:i!i  .-i  ini'k  r  n  L;.iril  for  llie 
clniuli  a-  a  uIimI.,  iiMin  uliirli  lie  lan- 
ii;Il\  ih-l  ii:i!ni-l:.  s  il:,  i  e.  ;,U-!tr.int  nniioi;i_\  ; 
ai;.l   lie  -iiU    di-v  ipliiu-   the  m|Y,  iiiK|s, 

wlun  ilh-  lull  .  ,1m  .'11,  ■.:,('  <'i  llu-  iliiirch.  as 
;i  v\  II.  ill',  Ins  1h  1  11  ill  iiii'ii-tr.r'  il. 


Paul  is  ili.irly  s,niiv;  hy  the  reproach 
til, It  Ik-  Is  .It  lu.irt  a  eowaiil  ami  hrave 
only  ml  paper.  Hut  the  reproach  draws 
frmu  Inni  a  imlile  lieti-n-e  in  which  he 
si(;iiilic.intl\  C'liipares  !ii-  ht'e  to  .1  war- 
fare ,'ite  liour\ir  in  w'  iili  tlir  ue.ip"ii- 
111-  uiiMs  are  ;;i\ -nci' 1e.  an<l  tin  eaiiip.n-.::! 
nlle  l-'ll>.4  l!i;:l!!l,!i  lie  kll-'Us  l'l,,i!i  .\p 
■  .  lU'e  lll^w  pi,, ml  aiul  l>"\\i  rtiil  is  ihe 

-ill, ,11  to  tlu-  i.',>spel;  lint  lie  kn,>ws.  I,,.,. 
p,.\\,  r  1,1  li  e  i.:,'-!"  '  "\,  r.  ,,nie  r. 
\,,J,  tii.  .  w'/  il  i  '.i-  haf'  'ititdii\  M'KiitiOi  i  Tts  i 
.\  u.iM-M,r  like  i'.ml,  ur'i  -m  il  a  r,  ,"1, 
.,i  ,  ,  --e^  lu  liiliil  Imii.  !-  "  ■!  likeK  t"  I'l- 
tirilll,  ,1  1,\  the  •-Lill'l,  !  -  ,,i  111-  ,,ep.,I,e'l'- ; 
lie  w  ili  'ine  .-in,!  in,  ,  '  l!-,  in  1,1,  ,■  •,  ■  l,u  ,-, 
an. I  .lisciplnie.  in  s.  ine  stem  u,i>.  Iiieir  re- 
hellions  spirit. 


iImIv.  "  l»o  \e  l.Mik  on  thin«s  after  the  ojil- 
u.iiii  appi  ai  aiice : '■  or  (hi  as  in  .\.  R.  V. 
.illirmaiively,  "W  look  at  the  iliin«s  that 
are  hefore  your  face;"  or  (c)  nperatively ; 
"  Look  at  what  is  hefore  vonr  face."  The 
choice  seenis  really  to  lie  ix-tween  (h)  and 
(c).  The  ohjeclion  to  tcl,  thoiiijli  u  is 
far  from  fatal,  is  that  Ihe  verl)  (/iXtirtTei. 
'.i  iiiipeiati  1.  U..11I1I  more  naturally  ha\e 
e,  .111.-  Iii  -t  ill. Ill  1.1-1,  If  imperatue.  it  will 
lie  r.iiirs  app<  .il  III  the  Cor.iitliiaiis  to  upeii 
till  T  e\es  10  laets.  i,i  e.  nlr.ist  111-  el.iinis 
ami  Ills  achieu-uients  Willi  those  ut  In-  op- 
pi'iieiit-.  li  I  1.1  I-  .iilopteil.  I'aiil  n  pr. ..ii-lu-s 
111-  iippiiiiinl-  ui;h  seemi;  i.ni\  tl:e  tliill).;s 
111  ion-  til.  ir  l  yi  s  -  tlieii  ti -t-  ,11.  e\tii  i.,il 
I  lieir  cl.iiiii  /  '        t  i-  Im-..<1  pri.li 

aMv  np..ii  s.iuie  iMi  'ii.il  .'niil  rehm. .ii-ly 
imlitVi  I'l  lit  l.u  !.  -neli  .1-  llieir  liavini;  seen 
liie  e.irilily  ji -ii-.  i.r  tlieir  h:i\iii^;  heell 
,ieipi;iili;eil  Willi  tin-  Kailers  nt  tile  Jem 
-.ilein  clinrcli  1  cf.  i  Cor  i.  Ijt.  It  is  clear 
,it  any  rale  from  xi.  that  rani's  nppo 
iH  iiis  are  Jiid.ai.-ers.  Perhaps,  on  the  whole 
Id  is  jireferahle.  Look  at  the  facts  be- 
fore your  face.  If  any  one  has  confi- 
dence in  himself  that  he  is  Christ's,  let 
him  tliink  again  iii..^  ..n  ■  ''ler  Itaii.l  1 
anil  consider  f\o~,ntai'.\  .  this 

I  1,  f in  his  own  mind  that  we  too 


are  Christ's  just  as  he  is. 

1  '.,'!l  I  ,!ily  el  ,  -in-  li.ire  1  .ii:,i!i! 
^iim,  111    .hK  .'U'es.   he  aih.i;-e. 
I  i,    ,1-    -   !!•  t   here  pi.  lii- 
.    I    (  .  T    I  \     if    liy  p,  nil  111:^  t 
.  .ii   I  ■  rir.! ii.  or  to  In-   \ ; -1,  -n 
•  in  i-',  .1-  in  I  Cor    w  .  .) .  1  In 
I    h.    ,i,M-!.-.  -  l.i-i  r    I  M.  JI  ,;oi 
■   1:,    has  -ntVered  for  the  k 
;       8.  9.     I'.inl  -  el. inn  to  he 
;:•   lea-!  .is  \.i'i,l  a-  llu  n- 
p,,--,  --e-,    a-    lie    lias  iii-t 


At 


tin-  point 
a-  lite  ar 
hi-  e'.ntn- 
1.11111-  ,-1-  111 
III-  -mee-s 
if  the  r'-.ii 


'I.  u 


pi, 

lies  in  wh.il 
,•111!'-  -,lke 
I  hri-T-  iheii,  i- 
P.nt  more  '  he 
c'.unteil  in  vv. 


/'iii(/'.<  .  .'.'v  i!)ii/  -U . II  //<!,- r  /'I'.-ii 

l>r.  I  iitiiisl,-ii  to  Hini 

I  X.  ;  -i.S  1, 

7.  The  connection  helween  this  {>ara- 
ftraph  and  the  pnenliiii;  depetnls  upon  the 
m.-itiner  in  which  the  tirst  sentence  i-  con- 
stnu-il  There  are  ihne  possilnljties  It 
mav  he  taken  (n)  as  in  \.  V.  inlerroga- 


<>.  an  authority  which  h.is  heeii  >;iveu 
hiin  hy  tlu-  Lord  Him-elf.  Yes.  and  if 
I  boast  ('1.'/.  as  .\.  V.  "  Ihouuh  I  should 
I...ast;"  he  has  already  hoasted  in  J-<il 
somewhat  extravaRSntly  about  our  au- 
thority, which  THE  LORD  gave  me  for 
^our  upbuilding  and  not  for  your  demol- 
ition (vf.  till-  -iinilar  I'.nieiil  of  the 
source  and  function  ot  hi-  .m-horiii  in  \i'i. 
io»,  I  shall  not  be  put  to  shame  wl  i'i 
next  he  comes  lu  l  oriiitli.  they  will  tiiid 
that  he  knows  how  to  e.xcrcise  his  au- 


Cu.  XJ 


II  CORINTH  I AXS. 


101 


10  For  his  letters,  say  t!i<  v.  itrr  wi-ishiy  s.>ine  tlint  ci<ninu  :.l  tli.iiui'.M  ■       t  •  >. 
powrrful;  l>iit  /n,v  1"m1iI\   iitr^iiui'       iiUMsiirinn  tluMiiMh  t  >  l'>   tlirm>ilvi  n,  .mil 

weak,  ami  /iiJ  siK-ivli  >"ii;'    1  1  1. I.  ii-"iii|i,iriiiK  thoni»flvi->  anions  llu'iii-clv.*, 

11  i.i't  'iiu-li  a  >>iK'  lliiiik  ill. It,  ~ik1i    .irr  ni't  wi^r. 

.1-  wi-  .in-  in  w'r<l  liy  li  it>  r-  wlu  n  we  ar.- !  l.<  litil  \\r  will  ii"!  l.M.i-t  ,.!  tlimt;^  witli- 
.ili«ilit.  -IK-Ii  m//  :<.'•        .il-     in  lUrd  \v!ii-n'i>iil    .■w    tni.i-ni.,    lii    .i. .  .-r  .I-ti^    I'  i' 

Uf  an-  liU'Nfiil.  j  nii  M-'ii.'  ..|  i!;.-  nil.-  v  hirii   1  h  .1 

IJ  l-'i>r  wo  ilari-  n..i  niakf  onrNilvi-  "f  Mnli'ili  il  lo  n>,  a  ni.i>iir(  l.i  !.,i>ti  iwn 
tlu-  miinlK-r.  or  compart-  onrM!\f»   with  j  nnto  yon. 


ilioritv;  ami  this  lie  say-,  that  I  may  not  i"  rannin  ni  tlu'     -viv,   (  i  (  ..i    m,  : 

give  the  impression  of  scaring  yo»i,  as  (  "v.   \u.   i  i.  ami  no  .|..n!i  liiv;iil> 

it  were,  out  of  your  wits  by  my  letters,  -irunn  ncrvou.  .lainn-  wbuli  a.-,-,  nip.inu - 

.■t  which  hi-  liad  at  li-;,«t   unlirn  l.\<<  -r.  m  «  -r  m      ■    .n^l  i'  i-  .ili.-.^.  ilit  r  pf'!- 

1  Cor.  ami  that  n'fcrri'il  to  in  i  Cor  \  .iMr  tlMt  1;:-  |.-il.lu-  .iri"  ar.i;u-.  -  w.  if  not 

M,,-  nnpri-^ion  ihcy  Kft   from  h:^  ini|.r>"ur       dic'^s  v^li,.  p.  i-,-  an.l 

V.  ::i  It  ,-oiiiirinc<l.  a-  hr  t>  IN  tlum  in  vi  l'i.ri'>        li.i.!>      N-r  >       ];■-   -pr.iKini;.  i! 

11.  hy  till-  ini|>r<s..inn  tlii\    uili   u.t   wlun  wo  tn.iy  Kv  In-  h'tii-,  -,i':-tiiil 

!u'  nmirN  iii  p.i-,,ti      ili,    .ri'li.'iity  wli-.ii  I'n-  t.i--'i'  i>t  thi-  t.r.ik-, 

iii-  o)i).,.iuii'~  .li-pi;l<-  i;i\.n         I'. ml  lii-  o, ,  ru     Ininii;  iarni~!iU"  nm-i  .ilua\> 

!y  the  Lord  llnn-i'l.  iIi.  u  .I'.rli.  Titv  li.i-  no  n  nnt.r.>M\.    i  \>!-  s:\,  iji  It 

-':>  li  -.iniT.  AU'l  il-  ..I  .1-1   u.i-  !lu   .■I'll  jio-^iM.-    li.,wr\,r.  iliai  lii'    r<  t' u  lirtf 
n..n.  ,in.l  I'ot  the  il. -T-.n.  .11  of  t!u'  to  n. 'iIlt  .  .|  til.-.-  tln-ii:-     \\  >■  ar.-  ,ipt 

riiitlii.in    i-hrr.h.    nnl:U.'    llu    anlhoiily  M    inlrr.iri    "1.    'ily    j"' ,  .,  >i,  .■  '    a-    if  it 

lii~  ..ppiiiHiii-.  -n.-h  a-  It  wa-.  uliifh  w.i-  iikmih  "iLulily  ,itr'''"'-"i'  •  ■"  t.-.iht\. 
.■\,r.-is.-,|    n..I    To    till'    r.lilu-.UIoii    of    llu-       .-.m-h..-   Ii.T<-   p.^nit-    I..|..-k   to    t!;,'  ^'.•v,^lf 

.hnn-li  hilt  to  it-  <lt-.lrni-ti.  .n.    In  uiodi  rii  of  \,r    j,  ,i  wr-.-  wliuli  li.-Ipi  in  " 

(,r,i-k  w»        ha-.  d>«i-n>-rati'd  into  aai;  as.  t.Tprnation   of   ihi-   oi;.  .    \\  h.  n    1'  ,  1 
liki-:  far  TrpeSorvf.  like  a  traitor.    \'(  rv-  cj      •.;.'.v  r'>''''>".  h.    i-    w  .ik      in   l!a  l.in 
ha-   a   fint-   d.-tiiiition   of   tin-    lniu-t;on   ,.f  oi  v,r    _•,  not  .in  .(:■■  om^  hi 

anthoritv -  - "  n.  I.nild   up  -.r.ul   r,.-!         I  'll  .  •! li.  r  w  ■  .r.l-.  in.  11.  .  I  !\ ■■.    1 1 u.  .i .v In.  Ii 

.|..wn '■  '  111.-  ~'r..nul)..M-  .t   ■  u .  r,-  m.t  p.r--i.,-u.    u..rd~  .'t  u:.!.vi  ii 

,].,.  •^.,~<n\  t..  1..-  !■!'•!   .I'V.-i  Cr    ii    .(  i    w.-a'.A   -...t    impr..^  ^•:'!l.- 

I  ~.i!i:r  wi.r.l.  \.  r    .1'.  1       tl,:.  ri  u:!ii   lla  'i    |..\.    ..I   .'...in.'..'  111-. 

i.r.K  r  ll'.it  111.,  nu  n  tlu  111-,  h  .  -  ni,i>  !.<.■  l"i:i  -.v  r  '.-   .nul   In-   pr. r.  .■    :li'..        '  .  i 

l,p  fritl\c.   llu'V   I'. I  lU-   lo   l:..':    ■    ■        >  i  ■ 

10.  11.    Til.       \\!i..  1;.h1  a. -.-I-..!  r.ml  .•!  .li.ai:;.-.  a;ui   !',.  -l  i.p':.-.  Let  such  a  one 

Imiii'J  c..:.r,ii;.  ■'•!-   ,it   .i  di--.in.-i-    i   .r     M  consider  this   .      \  -..  I"'  "t   -  .1 

,,,,,,,  .!;.,;  ].,.  ,■,•■!,]  «■•■,.  l.,.M  a'-.l  '.■J'"  ,-..'■■:■!.  !,ii!..n-.  <■. (I  !-l.i!i.  n-:  \..-, .  o        i  -  m- 

.  -.  i.-m".        For  his  letters,  they  say.  arc  --tui.d  to  r- .  dl  i'.  <•  n--  of         w-r-l  ni 

weighty  and  powerful,   but  his  bodily  .\    -'.       >  ■>  >   that  our  conduct,  when 

presence  is  weak,  and  his  speaking  con-  we  are  present,  will  correspond  exactly 

temptible  il  l  il,-pi-<il  .i-  .  f  iv.  .u.-...!nti  with  the  words  of  our  letters  when  we 

••  Mil-  p.i--.!'-;.-.  '   -a\-  St.nil.A.  i-  tl:.-  ..iiU  are  absent.     IVml   pl.i.^--  iu  r.'   ..n  ll>  fa 

ii'-'.nu'i-   ..f   ill.    M-rv   u..r.|-    n-.-.l   l.v   St.  niiliar  ( ir<-.-k   c.n'r.i-l   h.  twr.n  and 

I'anr-   oppoiuiil-.    It   llni-  a  Cn  fcvo*.  w..r.l  ami  d.-cl     1 1.-  u  dl  -li.  .w  lluin 

uiiip..rarv   nul'-niu-iit  on  hi-   Mpi-il. -.  ami  .  li"W   sl.n;di-i..n-  i-  liu  ir  .h.ir-..  iii.il  lu-  i- 

a    ontciiiporarv    do-iTiptu.n    ..f    Imn-.  If  "  a  lu  ro  at  a  di-t.ni.-c  .iiul  on  pi;.  i.  Lnl  .i 

WhcthiT  '.""jfriV '  (  om-  -a\-.  or  lu-  -.ly-.  with  cw.ird  at  cL.-i-  ipiaricr-     1  ..r    ..!ur.-  ami 

rcfcrcncf  t..  tlu-  nt  ..f  \cr   T-  "f         •"<■  '"'  al^ay-  lu-  i-_  a  I. rave  man     It  r..it  i-  llu- 

(I  ..III-  .if  vi-r.  11)  or  '.'.acTi'i.  (tluv  -ay  I  is  in.prt--i' .n  ..f  Intn  t!t,y  y.,-  tr..ni  hi-  l.it.t-. 

rcail.  the  nuamnu  i-  t'l.'  -  i-iu-     th,-  '<-lT.-.-t  it   i-  a  Irm-  init.ri.--i. .n.  a-  tli.  v  wdl  timl 

pnxhu-t-d  liv  I'ani'-  1.  •■<.-.  ...Ininn-.l  ti.r.-.  wlu-n  tluy         Inm      I  lu-  -[....tic  applua 

is  atto-ti'd  in   tlu-   -trikimj   .l.-.-ription   of  ti-.n.  in   tlu-  cnl.  \t.   i- .   "a-   u.-  ..n-  hy 

vii    S  I!.    The  dcpri'ciaP.ry   ri-f.-r.-nct-   to  Ktti-r.  so   ( .</ii;//         /.i    in  _     .  .1 '  ;  Juit 

liini-i  lf.  howi'vi-r.  i-  rai.aM.-  ..i  \  .ir;..!i-  in  prot..itii\  ll,..  vw.r.i  n.  :■•  :  •  ra;:u-r 

tt-rpr.  :.iti..n-      l  r.HliI;..n   .!.- ril:.  -   him   a-      .-  .i'.-  ih  .n      .■  .o'm//  ' v     Paid       .dw.iv  - 

ni-i«ml'uaiit   .in. I  awku.inl   mi   ,ipp.  .ir.nu-.  ;  tin-  -..in.'    a-  1:.-  ■.vn-.-.        ; Ii;    '  .in.l  lliis 

an.l   It   i-    Harn.d..i-.  .in.l   it..t    I:.-,   ulu.   i-  t!i.  v  w  !'  •!  r  m  ili.   n.  .r  lui!..-.  . 

w.--lni.l.fd  l.\  tlu-  p.-..pK-  of  l.\-ti.i  a-  /.  ii-       «2,  13-  n.'w   ,nl.  r  iip..ii  .i  p,.--.ii:f 

(Jtipitcr.  .\cts  xiv.  li).   He  had  the  tern-  <  i2-i()>  bristliuK  with  difticultics.    I'aul  has 


102 


11  CORINTHIANS. 


[Ch.  X 


■n  irh  11. .t 


111  viitict  itniii  v"ii :  t'lr 


far      tn  voii 


.1   ipil  .il- 


III  fiiihliint:  tin-  ,,|  t'liri-.!  . 


ir-t  i  l.iitiiril  t.i  11.  .1  riiiii.i-.'.  ■■M^  man,  a- 
lii.n  .  1  i  ill  I  .1  a-  lir  1^  III  U"iil  Hilt.  li<' 
ii.Mii,  .ill>  (  I .III tiiiu tln  ri-  IS  a  i  rrl.iiii  Kiml 

I.l         .-.-.t  A-^>      III-     i|.  I  -     t|.  ■'     ]i!  .  il.     -     I.  .     1..I  \  1  . 

For  we  have  not  the  bi  liliii-'s  i  t(i\u„  m.i', 
,1  TiiM,t;'ii,  .  ,1  i  to  rank  ourselves 
amctij;  or  Lonipare  ourselves  with  some 
ol    thu^c    who    commend  themselves. 

I  !  ■  -  .  I.l  -.Ii  I .  iiiniii  !!.!,;•!.  .11  ilu  >  lia.l 

j.  \.  1|.  .1  .it   r.ril  mi;    I.  \    I.  l.  ulit  II  .IS  It 
lla  >    lil.  ll's,  Im  ,    uIi"    Uill'    Kiiilty  III 

till-  pLu'iic.  a  \v..ril|ii.i.v  «liiili  it  is 

iiii|ii.-s|l,\-  |i>  ri  luiiiliiii-  III  ImikIisIi  (Iwu 
(■iiiil|Miiliii!s  lit  Apiifir,  Willi  i"  .inil  iTii'l, 
I'aiil  .illillils  thai  he  h.is  lH't  tli.-  r.nM.r 
In  raiij;f  liiin-i  h'  .•iiiiiiii^  <ir  al. "ii.;-:.li  "t 
lliisriiiiii.  Ml')  u  ■  .  ••iiiiiimil '.I'.  Mi-.  K  >  ■-. 
li.iMiiu:  iii'tliiiii;  I  i!i.insclvrs  U'lii  ulii.ll 
III   in.  a-ii!  <    lln  in-i  1 . .  -.   fan   <inl>    ni.l    I  > 

li.  .l-T'.;    ::lill..-.:Mli.!    :\    1  dal  Tprl  |  ;   ailil    I'..  ! 

Ir.iiil.lv  I  . .!  1 1.  -  -  I  -  tl'.it  lit-  1 1,1-  111  il  l!ii-  fi  .1: ; 
aui'    1.1    I'll!    -  '..  Il    a   I.-.  iiiiiLiiiv .     Ilii     I  w " 
s,  im  '11  -    I  hai     t.  .Ill  .\\    ai  1     M-n     i!;i:i.  ri' 
■jlh-  iii'i..i|:i.l..ry  wmils  i-nali   i!a-  rim.- 
il  ..t    r.n;l    1-   ,il...ui    I"   s,,.        .,|  V 
<.;./;  Ii.il'i;  -      "Wn  im'toi.  i  i.-     "  lai!  wi-  niir- 
sil.r-.   nil  .i-hmiil:   (rir~i'\is   |,y   .  iiir-<!\ t  s, 
;iii.|     ■niii.ii  mu  i.iirsrl\rs  u'lli  niii-ilvi 
liil  ,1,  il  l-  II..II1!  «r  an  snil.Kiii>  pnlli.l  ii]) 
hy  a  Mill  ill  the  .'.'..m/  l><rs..|i  oi'  ainaait. 
It  till-  lr\l  l.f  i-.irrii't.  wi'  iiiiisi  nlrai'i'  mir 
sU  jis  ami  r>  l'i  r  urroi  in  Paul's  <i|i|iiini  iils ; 
■■  lint    tlu-y    llu-iiisi  K  (  S.    iiirasiiriiii;  tlu'iii- 
mUcs  !■>  lliniisi  l\ i-s.  aiiil  i-iiiiiii.ivm«  tluni. 
silvrs  \Mlli  rill  !ii-(  l\ <  s.  li,i\r  iiii  iiml.  r-'.in>I' 
ill'.'."  1111  ..i-nsc.  till  111!,  l  u'i  nr.  :  lh.it  i-,  it 
i-    -liipnl   ti>   athni"!         in.,i-'iia'  i.m-i!t, 
\\]-'.  ■■■■■   -.■■'!;.■  -la  -.lar.l  ..!'i.  r  than  "ii:  -a  il 

I;    .',,;,;     .1      .TIJia.TiJ',     ll..\\i\ir.     (TII'IOIlTir  I., 

al-.i  II,!'!.  .I'l.l  '!  I-  'ii'mi  I  an  he  ril.aiiui! 
f.'P  I'.iiil  liv  I.'.,:  II  .lint;  jiiioi.Tn'  as  a  il.i!i\>'. 
tla-  si  a:.  !i.-.'  riinii'ii'-;  ..ii  ii"'i  'hr  lu  \t  \  i  i -<■. 
aial  tla-  -•■!  '.  .  •.  Ill  ill'.;  ri -nnii  i!  li\  i^'. 
'jh'i- :  "I  -I  \w  .riiM'U.-  111.  a-iirinv;  mir 
mK,-    |.\    ii'T-iIm-.   ,i;iiI    i-iiin;iar!!iu  n'li- 


l!  I- 


and  i-i  ini|>ariiiu  mir-il 
will  II. •;  I". .1-1  imiiii 
\  rry  sini|ili.  u>  I  it  ilii-  1 
Ii  it  In  iirn;iiial,  lii.v\ 
l"<il  .illcriil  t.i  till'  lira. -I 
r.  i.In-i:  ..I  tla  ..th.-r  M> 
•  :!.at    'h<    I'.lliii  I'll 

.  •;  iii.il  .  .if( .  ;iim1  lli.it  lln.- 
Wire  ilriiiM'i'fl  lo  si-vnrc  a  siinpliT  tfxt. 
Ilu  ipkstiiiii  of  till-  tt'M  Is  liy  no  nii'ans 
an  iillf  OIH-:  tlu'  .sinipkr  text  ntaki'j  I'.iiil 
s.iy  llial  lu-  ni.-:isiiris  liiiitscif  liy  liinisill.  tlu- 
l  .nm  r  ti-xl  iii.iIms  liiin  say  that  th.it  is  iiji 
iiitillivtiiit -- tli.il  i>  wli.it  his  nppniunts  du. 


~  \\ : '  1 1  . ' '  1 1  - .  h,  I  s . 
•ir.iiilv  "  r.nl  tlii- 
hImU  1  -  ~ii  -I"'  !■  'lis 
I  mill  11  1  \  I  1  1 1,1  \  1- 
luiH  nil 
nil  II 1- 

ii.i.li"'.;  I-  ihi- 
I  iiiii;  ii  i|   \\  I  n  ils 


I  111 
Ih  ,1 


ih'Y 


.!  I. 


r<-iH"i-.  li.iniAi-r.  Is  tiiiiri'  .-i|ip.irint 
1,   tnr,  in  tlu-  tiiriiii  r  cisr.  I'aiil 
ilU'.isiirnin   Ills  .-irln.il  silt   li\  Ins 
\i\   '111    -.  It  ti .  w  hii  11  hi'  1-  i'.  '-n 


'I ' 


'la  i; 


I 


.    ,     ,  '       II..:  a  :  but  THKY. 

mfasurin);  thcm.iclvcs  by  themselves,  and 
(.omparin^  themselves  with  themselves, 
are  unintelligent.  WE,  however,  ula.  ic 
■  1  .  A  ■  .  1  J.  .:  \  ;  •  ■  r  1  - 1,,' .  1  ,'  .  I'll  -.K  1-. 
will  not  boast  beyond  measure,  th.ii  is. 
Ill  Mind  till-  inra-nrt-  ih.it  i-  appv 'pi  i.ilr  fur 
n-;  the  iitluTs  imast  iiniiK-asiir.ilil) ,  l»-i'atiso 
tiny  liavi-  tin  nn  asiirc  nr  st^nidard  licMiiid 
tla  !II-(1\ I  s.     Not    so  dm-s    Paul  lKi,ast,  but 

according  to  the  measure  of  the  line 
which  God  allotted  us  as  a  measure,  that 
we  should  reach  as  far  as  you.   f^anaf  \< 

■A    in.a-'iriii-j  l-nr.    ilaii    .-i    stan.lar.;.  nnriil 
f    (  iai    \  i    I'  >  ,   It  1-  n-rd  lii-i'i'  in  .1  Kril 


li 


u  .1  s 

this 


rk  ih 

.Ii..iiid 
III.  .-\a'i 
iT-  ■■  lin,  •■ 
k.'p:,  liv 

IM.-.I.  MI- 
-  pi.  pal.  .1 
I  \  t  r  171. 


■I'. 


\  II  !l  I  'lir-i  I V  '  s.  \\  la  1  .11.  i!r\ .  'id  . 't 
nn.!.  v-t.a  .hn'.;  1:1-  thr\  .i-pp.  '.  r,.-  udl 
t!..t     |...ast     lu'V-md    mir    in.  .i-ar.' "     I  lii-. 

..U('\.  r.  .-M  il  It  ui'  h  '.l  ihi'  Tois  h,  fore  ot' 
(Ti  I'l'oi  iT(,  wliii'h.  i-  pra.  tii'.illy  ima  s^ary,  is 
distiiu  lly  arfiliiial  l!rsid<-,  the  ^u«i>  8«,  :,>■, 
ap|n.iis  1.1  111  ill  iniplwit  (-..ntrast  with  the 
lirri-rdiiiK  ai'To/  which  nitisi  then  he  fraiis- 
latid  hy  //ii-.v.  riic  W.-stt-rn  text,  whith 
limits    ol'    <ri-i-ioi"(ru' ■    ^uf  it  scriin  s  a 

cmnparativi  ly  snuinth  rt-.iditij; :  "wi-  mir- 
selves,  nieasitrinji  onr-»elves   hy  ourselves 


iri.d  wa>   tn  il  all.a  ;■    ti'r  s|i|urc  ol  W 
I  \  iiu  lv  assi'^IU-.l   tn   I', 1  11. 

;  ii-i-  till-  |-'.n'.;lis|i  w  I II  .1 
i  t  I  li/alrnii  nf  till'  ( "iciiiil. 

u-f.   (l.ih   ii.  X.  <)i.  I 
Mills  stand. ird  In-  ei iii-riitrd  !• .  h. 
u  .  .fU  di  .III-  u  illnii  this  liiinl  h.'  w  . 
t.i  ...i  -t.  ,11  II  ast  '■  111  tin-  I  ail  il  " 
.  Il    \\a-   III   I      "jnii  ii  ai   i.|   Ills  ih'.iiir  i-.iiii- 
inii--'.'ii  t'l  til.    ti.ntiU's  lu'   had  iimu- 

,1-  iir  as  C'.'intli  lyM*;  .Tiul  this  v«ry 
Miiiiinis^inn.  lir.i.id  as  the  wnrld.  was  hound 
t.i  I  any  hiin  fiirtlu  r  still  (  ver  lf>> 

14.  P.iiil  h.is  a  di\ine  riyht  tn  he  in 
riifinth:  III  pri  aeh  then-,  as  it  is  heathen 
ur.iiiiid,  is  part  nf  his  'liiu-"  For  we  are 
not  stretching  ourselves  beyond  (our 
bounds),  as  wo  siv^'M  1..  .l.-i'-.-i  if  our 
sphere  did  not  reach  1  Ii'  "a-  it  u.  ware 
nnt  reaoliini;"!  unto  you  h,  ni  .ini.nn-  in 
l,(  thai  it  did  extend  tints  t.ir  -  for 
came    [''ifiy^'  is  used  almost   in  its 


v.-r. 
we 


tnodern  Greek  sense  of  arrive,  not  in  the 


I'H.  XJ 


II  rOlUXTfllAXS. 


m 


15    Not  lioastniK'  "i'  with.. tit  riir  ni.tii'i  lnir  i<(  t!iiti(i>  iii.itU-  n-.u!)  i..  t.iir 

nU'M-nr.',  tiuit  K.  "i  .tli.r   111    1-   l..li.iir«:  It.iml. 

Iput  li.ivinw  lni|n.  uii.ii  \"i:r  la;';;  in-i  |-  I'm  ho  tli.tt  ul.  ii.jli,  !ii  hiiu  v;l"ry 
I'll. I-.. I.  ill, it  wi-  -hill  1..    I  iii.it'  1. 1  ly  J..M   111  'Air  l...ri! 

;K-i'..iihtnj  li.  iiiir  ti;K  ^il  'iii.l.itill;. .                    i -i    l  ..r  ii-  i   \w  t'1.1'   ..•mm.  "I.  mi  Imii- 

i'>  li.  priMi  li  till'  1;.  1  ;  i  t  ■  i.'^.'.  io  -rlt  I-  .i|>])r. .M  il,  l.iit  «!i.'!ii  tl'..'  I.'  til  I'.itii- 
ln\Miiil  ymi.  iiiiil  11.. I  ti>  b.'i»l  III  iiiiutlu T  !  iiic  ti.l.'tli. 


cl.i^-ic.il  -iTi-f  lif  ,ii;i..tf,i!,-\  as  far  as  you 
.It  Ci'titith,  in  tlu  |.r  1 1.1111...;. til  ..1  the 
gospel  of  Christ. 

15.  lb.  I  ;  <•  t'l.'U^ln  ..f  \'  T  l.t.  will.  Il 
u.l^  ml.  1 1  ii[i:i . I  l->  tile  |Mi riiilu', ,i'  \<  r  1  j, 
i>  n -11111.  .1.  .iii'l  till-  lull.  ..lui-i.  .r)  v\..:.U  .1'. 
li'.c  -.iiiif  -  -  ■  111  .t  liua-lKii;  l.is.i.'l  i..!;ii 
If.;-;;.."    'I!;,  p.  lillt  tlliTf'  .1  i  ..- 1!  1  \  < 

-  '  '  ' '  I'l;!  M  K^itivi'lv.  lluii'ii,  ;-••  ■!  1.1 
■.\"rk  .I'  ll!  Ill  till'  -j.!;.  ri'  .i--;L:ni.l 
i  1111  u.iik  ;iiii..iil:  liir  ti.  n;r.-.  Ii.  r.'  l!:. 
|.      I  I-  lli.i'  It  i-  i;  \'...rk  li.  !..i,i-i- 

"l.  ii"t  (  li.M-  iii>  .  ipii.  .in  lit  -  I  .1  u.'ik  i!..nr 
I'v  i.ih.  r  .;;.  n  S'.mi.  >  wi  ll  n  ni.irk-  ili.it 
'1;.'  .11 1  .iiiRi  11H  lit  li\  ttliiili  r.TiI  u.i-  !..  \\..tk 
.iiii..ni;  tin-  li.i;t;!i-  "  u  .!  ■■;M\  ii:  f  11114.  .1 
l'>     till'    .l|i|.c.ll  ,ili.'.'    ..t     I.  \s  ;i,i''.:-  ,it 

(-■.'i  iillll  :  ll;r  -i.ln  i'i-  ..t  lli.'    \p..-'.l.    ..t  II 
tirlltilo  W.i~  lll\.i.Uil  li_\    J.'W-;  till.-  -piiii.' 
wliiol)  St.    r.iiil  IkiiI  I. .r  hiiii-ilt  l\ 

■i\vti  I;il..ir».  wii-i  :ippt"'pria!t'(l  l.y  t!i.  -, 
vvli'i  ii;u!  II. 1  "iniiiii.il  i-knui  ti>  it  "  r;i;t 


.'i  iiiipi  !I.  .1  !;iiii  1.1  \iii.li..i!i   IriiK.li.  .III.!  he 
•  i'  ■.  ^      .  H  .ill  II  .  I  I  .    •;:•■.!•-■ '.      II.    kii. .« 
;:;..•  h.   i~  tli.-  >.;;.. t  ]■;  i,..r  ■    iiii;- li~'  lii> 


11: 


^  I.    •  l!  ,;;  'il.    v\ '.  .il.n  11 

;  -      i  :..  1 1     .  •!    .■!■•;  1'  r  11-  .    all. I 

.1         •■    Milk    ll.i  -       .  .  II    i  l  .       111  .| 

:»ll  .!    v;,  w  -      I  \  •  I       r.  :|  1! 
-    \v  ■  •!  k    t.i"l:i  r    ti.  ii     ill  .    ;l    1  ^ 
r.u  1-  1  .|   If.!   '!:.;!    '  ■    1  .    \\'.  ' 
I-   >!••!.<    w !.  ;1    li>  .     .  I 

.  ..;  .1  ..I  ;■;  .     ;,  ki     ;.,  I  . 

il    .ri.  -il.    ■;;■.',  '  ' 

'  .!•  •iir  1.1  I.  .t  t    1  I  (  .  .1    1    ; .  ■ ,  ;     ■    .\  i 

•  '!  Jiiiini.iii    ii\    J I    ,  but  let  him  th.it 
boasteth  boast  in  the  Lord  (.-'..'  /  .  ./ 
pri'l'  iMv    I  .■        ,1-    III     11  r  .    r.i'.ki  r  !li.in 


rl.lllll,  la 

u.'ri.l  li 

1.1  ki...'. 
'•\ 

1-  Il  1  I 
liiri'Vi'i: 


;  1 1 : !  I ' .  - 


Jir.  r.i'.I; 

(  liri  '  l'\ir.  as  for  the  man  who  com- 
mends himself.  Ill-  1  ipi'. 'Ill  II' -  ;ifi  i!  iiiv, 
I  \  1  r.  ij)  HE  itMiKHi  is  not  rlir  in..ii  who 
1-  approved  m  thr  -mlu  .i  i..  .1.  but  it  is 
he  whom  the  Lord  commends. 


the  tr.i'.:. 


'I  r.ini'^  iiii--i. 'twrv  oari'iT  w.i- 


th.it  !.;-  -li.p-  Urn-  il'ii;m'il  l.i.  tni'-.  Jr'.>. '-'1 
i  '  -  ■  I  <  i.  I'i>  111  <  l.ikilK'iii-  I.  Hi'  ,  .  ■'.! 
tl  ■■  ii;ll\  ill -1  'if  him-.  It  .1-  not  boasting 
beyond  measure,  in  other  men's  labors, 
having  hope,  that,  as  your  faith  ;;rows, 
we  may  through  you  attain  to  ■  :  ■ 
greatness  1;  .  ;  1  .  ..'^^i  In  ,il  \wi:  k.  ac- 
cordance with  our  i'Nii  i!',  ,  '  ;  ;■  i  1  line 
{ >.iii  ur  \  i  ,!■  ] ,' ,  • ,  ,  ,f  ■. .  ,1 :..  ■  . !  unto 
■j'i'iii  '-  abundance,  so  as  to  bring  the 
gospel  .  .1  1  into  the  regions  beyond  you. 
instead  of  boasting,       m  m,  ".t -  ;iri- 

.1'  I'..',  in  ,',1,  i  .  '  -  another  man's  line, 
of  things  ready  to  hand.  l'i;;I  ih.l  tin- 
pnmi  i-r  w  i  k.  .I'iil  llu-y  t".'k  lIi"  .  r.  .|tt  |..r 
It.  r.'ini  -  |iriiiiipU-  Is  Id  i;..  uli.ri'  i';.'  K"- 
pil  ll.i-i  Mill  yd  lifvii  priurlli'.l  Mr  IkK 
iircn  .•f  f;ir  a-i  O.riiith.  luit  In-  h..pr  ;i!iil 
iniiiitioii  art-  ttlliiiKitrlv  i..  i;..  in  Sp.iiti 
I  Uo'ii  \v.  .'.}  I  ;  it  will  ilrpiiiil  upon  the 
( "oriiiihi:m»  (fj-iV''')  ami  upon  the  pri'urc-s 
lit  ihrir  faith,  when  lir  will  hr  ahli-  to 
111  tin  I'.ir  wr-f.  .111. I  a.li;i\.'  !;;-  vn-at  vxaii- 


•.'  how  .  ..■;lv  I'.iiil 

I  llii  ill-,'  ;--i..||  1)1 
I. .  t!;r  111'       li.ii  iiij; 

hiilii.iiil  iin.ii;itia 
•    liri^rr  :i-|iii'-  iif 
1 1 '.    ..1  f  in  \  1  r  tar 

■  k  ■.'  ' ii.ii  -iipp. irt 

I I  •  1 1  :  1-  rh.ir.i.'ttT 
■  1    .  Ii.iil.  ii.iil  111 

lii'iik  .  .1  hi- 


ll 


.'iirn  1! 


17.  18.  Ihr  w..r.| 
with  L:ri',i'  l'r.-.|i;.'ii.'\  'hr  ■.';■.:!;.  .i;'  I'li-  -,  ,■ 
lioii.  It  ha-  hi  1  11  I'.'ti-ii!  lip.. 11  r.ril  hy  the 
i-h:illi'i|./i'  ot  hi-  .i|.poii.  iit-  h>it  oil.'.-  !;.'  h:i- 
taken  the  word  up,  lir  ii-cs  it  fi.'arli'--l\ .  ami 
shows  its  relative  justification.    They  have 


It  1  -  mlcri  -'111','  to  n 

i  -  .  .11  ri.  •!  1.  '  «  ai  •!  I'l  i  .1 

'•I.  ..i    •  T  |M  !  ••  ill..!    .III. i'l  • 

■ki. ;;.;!:!-    aii.l    l'  ■  ni..- 
'  ;■  '11-    l.i    I    17  It 
i.is    t..ii-k";-    .It'll  nil 
l''..!ll  hi-  niiii.l.  .ii  'l  r  ; 

•1.1  iii-p;o.  ■],.,■  ,1, 

;:iil    a'lliioritN    h.r,.'  !■ 

(li'ini-i-.  h.    1-  1.  .1  i    

-i.iil  in  lit'i'.  w'  iiti  i-  |i.  pi.  ii  ii  tki  I.'  -pi  1 
"f  Chr;-*  He  k.,-  ati  ■  .  ru  h,  liiiini.;  -.  i\-i- 
"t  liciir-'  .!iM!u  l\  I'.illi  il  •..  ih.it  wrk  Ids 
.ri'liotil.  k.i-  I'l  111  I'l  ill!  rr.  il  iipiiii  him  by 
r.i  Other  th;;!i  t!i.  l.o!.!  1  Inn-- It  liv  ha-  a 
iliviiK'ly  .ipp..;m.  il  ■•  Imr  "  Ihit  tl;i-  line 
noes  ont  tliri  ijiahoiit  iki'  w  h..li'  worM  It 
strrti-hr-  t.)  t'..riiitli.  to  Koiiii'.  to  .>sp.iiii 
He  Ii:i-  :i  \  1-1. II  ot  .1  Cliriii'ian  VMirM.  and 
his  Sdiil  i;lo\\  -  .It  till-  ooii'rnipkitioii  ni  it. 
When  the  C'oriniln.in  f.iith  is  ni.itiire 
fiioiiilh  Uir  am!  tlulr  oln-ilnnci'  com- 
I'lili-  ivir   M  hf  will  In-  free  to  iiirn  to 

lh.-    .h-.allt    !;:a!-    a?    ,hv    Wl-tlTll    fl:-!    of  'hc 

•  iri'Jit  Si  ,1,  ilirre  to  pnu  kiiiii  'iir  i;i.-pi-l  of 
hi-  1.1  >ri!  Only  then  will  h.'  .ii-huvc  Iiis 
trill-  i;rr;itm--  —  ttnatiic-s  in  ih,-  strvice 
■  I  '';■■  l...ri|  .iml  ilu-  Ko-pi-1  wlieii  he  has 
c.irruil  thr  nood  news  to  the  regions  be- 
jVoiul  Greece  ( ver.  15). 


\m 


II  CORINTHIANS. 


[Cu.  XI 


CH.M'TER  II. 

I  W  oi XD  to  (ioil  )t  40ul«l  bear  with  mc 
;i  hitli  III  my  f'llly  :  anil  iiuliffi  iH-ar  with 
mc.  ,  „ 

J  l-Or  I  am  jvaloiis  i»v»T  you  with  Kfxlly 
iraliMi^x  fur  I  liavi-  ivpoitsfd  ><>ii  to  on< 
iiil»l>aiiil.  lUat  I  may  )iri>clit  JVM  <».«  n  ilia>tc 
virKin  i"  I'liri"*!. 


J   Rut   I  fear,  lot  by  any  iiican»,  art 
the  «rr|K'nt  Ih-kiiiU-iI  Eve  through  his  »ub 
lilty,       your  mimh  should  be  corru|iti'tl 
iriiiii  ilii'  >Mn|)lu'iiy  that  i't  in  Chri>i 

4  I'lir  if  lif  that  lonu'th  pr«'ach«  th  an 
othiT  J^'su^,  «honi  wc  have  not  pn-.n  hi  il, 
or  if  \i-  rcooivf  aiiotluT  -iunt,  vvhuh  \i 
liavi-  not  rrcoiMHl,  or  another  Kospvl,  wluch 
>(  have  11"!  accepted,  ye  miKnt  well  bear 
w  It!)  Iiim. 


.luilh'iitx  i.\  Pill-  l-i  Ihs  I  ftir  Thai  llu- 
Coriiuhi.iii  I  ,d,  lity  .l/.O'  Cor- 
lutti  d  /'.v  Ills  (>tt"nt'»!i 

(XI.    1 -til 


III 


. .1  iiithi.i!i>  to  f'Ui.it.'  It  ju 


-  liii-  in.ilWi  \ 
\  inchi'.il  ii'ii  li' 
iiMl"  irt.nK'r, 


I., 


lie 
I  a 


.,-k-  ill.'  ( 
li'lli'  l.>ir.:ir.  .i 
t..i!,  .1  ~,  ll 

oi  iln  Kf.iM^t  inii«iit.nKT,  Oh  that  you 
would  bear  with  me  in  a  little  more  oi 
lhi>  I"  M-lini.;.  lo  whii'li  I  li.i\f  l«'fn  rt'- 
liui.miK  |.  I..  1  .mil  wliuli  may  well  be 
lail.d  folly.  But  1  ilo  not  noil  tluis  to 
intnat  yon:  1  li.ivr  a!t>aily  liaij  fN|HTitnco 
of  Miiir  iiuliili;iiicc,  you  DO  ( >  bear 
with  me.  I  his  Mi-m>  hi  tli  r  tlian  to  take 
ai'«X«<"'«  .1,  iiniurUtiM- ;  "nay.  </.>  ht.ir  with 

nil-"     AfliT     \\u-     Ht'lr     I..U.I1     (if  li.inllT 

(  n.,VoiT' I .  'iic  o!il  (Miiu^tiii^-  i>  re-iiini  il. 
N-iImiK  l<--  1-  at  >t,iki-  than  tlic  tidi'hty 
of  ihf  I  onntlii.iii-  to  tli>  ir  liitrolh.il  \o\vs. 


« lu  ri . 
I 


/'ijii/j  lu'Iihii-ss  ill  .tssi-rtiiii:  His  .I/>.»j/<>/iV  '  himself,  and  the  aclize  of  the  f.ither  or 

'  the  bridvMnian  1  you  to  on*  man,  to  prcMnt 
tyou)  as  a  pure  virgin  to  Chriat  at  lli<< 
connnn.    The  inarriaKe  takes  place  »h<ii 

lie  (••.iiu~     111    intervening  pi  nod   is  tlic 
tiiiii-  Ml    II     ..rli.il.    Thi'  i-liuri-li,   like  the 
.iiiliii,  iiiii-t   111-  ^ii'i'.  I         .   slu'  mu>t 
nj{   to   .mil   lif    f.iiilit'il    Ml   ■■II,-  num. 
llie  lull  Im>   III   ilh    ( ■onnllnaiis  is 
ilr.iwii  I'll  to  ,11],  ill, -I   jr-ii-   (\ii  4) 
(Mil    I  I  sl.iliunt  lolli-iplioii   (if.  Ilo-ii'.-i 
i    1)1  1    -  I   till-  rrl.ltloll  liilUirll    lillii   .lh  .lll'l 

aril   lie    l-r.ul   a-  ,1  ^ve^l(lill^;  Ixnul  is  lure  tr.iiis 
liMnl  to  the  relation  between  Christ  and 
:ln-  eliiiii'li. 

3.  I  Ills  was  l':uirs  hope  .iiiil  iiie.il  that 
llir  Chiireh  woiilil  he  presented  /■«'<■  to 
Christ.  But  now,  however,  he  is  afraid 
that  she,  like  K^e  (lien.  ili.  I  niay  he  se- 
duced, rile  same  diaholic  tendencies  are 
in  the  world  now  as  tlien.  Then  Satan 
came  in  the  form  01  a  serpent  (in  Kev. 
xii.  0.  x\.  J  the  SI  rpi  iit  and  the  ilevil  or 


I,  3.  Paul  has  lieen  forenl, 
len^e  of  liis  oppoiunl-.  ml  '  . 

w  li:i  h   i-   !"   liMn   ili-l.isii  lul. 
mil  1  iiim  m.il      •   Inin.  lio«  e\  er 
in.i\         r  111  u  !■ '  I'l-  ii|ipi  iliellls 
llii,  1  .1  1   II  I-  null  1  d  111  ees>,ir> 
-irilas   ll    ill  pn  i-.itiiiv;l>    as  /.■//'.\. 


|i>  the  clial- 
11  ,iri;iiiiu  nt  '  l'> 
l!.i,i-.uii^  i 
I'lmm  :ii.il  1 
(  \,  I'l  I 
;  hut  111 


■iiiil 


.1  , 


Is 


Christ 
church 
i^rooin' 
t..  111. 

of  ill. 

]iiM  r  X 

tlieiv;-  .1! 
lV':.r-  '  Ili 
ill  .l.iiiu.  I 
ii.JiMis  f. 

.spued  |i> 
Jtill.'USV  1 

e.iiise  I  he 
111.  little  . 


iMe 
Ihe 

lilli 
ll  r. 
Imn 


ro. '111.   the   (  ' 
I'.iiil    |s  111' 

\\  '10    ll.i^    e»po:!-i  d 

rid   1;.'   h.i-   .ill  III. 
.Ill  liiiii~.  If  111  pr.  si  rv 


1.1  i.li 
.  ll,. 


III. 
ii~l\ 
.  .nil 


l.ri.l. 


rtiillii.iil 
liride- 
tlie  one 
iii'.i  e~t 
11m  the 
I  liese 


S.iian    are  i.l 
ihr..ii>.;h  Paul's 
!  e.  iiiip.irisoii  Willi 
i  I  ll  111  i~  til.'  tir~l 
0    1  1  :  .1:1.1  111 
«.  n!'  '1  III  \'  V  J 
lest  perchance. 
Eve    in    his  craftiness, 
should  be  corrupted  mnl 


Mill.' 


Ml 


■  111. I  t'l.l.htv  i.f 
,ne  !'.  Ill;"  sell. 
■|. ]....].  HI-  .  Ihe  ( 

il    l.eiii^    s..liiiid.   .iiid    I'anl  Is 
he--   li  'tii'l    «illi  .(   ii.il.i.isy  in- 
(ioil    lliin-ilf.   uliat    he  ealls  a 
1/  (,,../.  s..  ealled  also  partly  be- 
hoiior  of  (,',.(/  js  at  slake.    It  is 
itfair  of  his  own  that  le.ids  P.ml 


I      now     In-  w..rks 

I-     .  1pp.  .lU  llI  s.       I  lit- 
is li..pp>  .  Ill  r  II  iiipla 
i.;r..U  ii'iiipi.ii  ll  .11  (111 
iii'li    li.i-   I'll  11  r.'iT.- 
,  ij.  .'1/     I  am  afraid 
as  the  serpent  deceived 
your  thoughts 
. .  i!i\  .  ri.  .1  from 


r 


int..  hi-  mipetiioiis  \iniiication  of  himself; 
it  IS  not  a  personal,  htit  a  i/i."i»i<"  iealoii-y  — 
and  that  is  wliv  he  asks  them  to  hear  with 
him.  For  I  am  jealous  over  you  with 
a  godly  jealousy:  for  I  " 

middle,   as  here 
Greek  fjeiierally  uset 


betrothed  (the 
ilPfioadpirif,  is  in  classical 


the  simplicity  that  is  set  on  Christ  .md 

on  lliin  .il.iiie  lie  Is  tin  .''I.-  111,111  (  M  r. 
J>.  siiiiplieily  of  ;itl'eetio|i  eaii  li.iM  lull  one 
ohjeet.  .\fler  simtiuity.  Wi-Iintl  and 
Hurt,  followiiii;  soiiie  MSS  .add  (in 
brackets)  *ai  r^t  o-^votiitoj.  aii,i  I'unly.  ll 
1-  pos-ihli,  hiiwe\er.  that  tiiis  is  an  addi- 
tion, explaii.itiiry  of  the  word  siinf'luily. 
and  siivjiiested  liy  the  word  fm,-  ahove. 

4.  I'.iul  has  ei.oil  re.is.iii  t.>  he  afraid 
that  the  fidelity  "t  ili.  ( '•  .niil  lii.if-  111, ly 
he  e.irril|ile'!  .  I.  .1  !  ■  -.  .  -  :  li.  m  "  cli  1  ..1  mi;, 
if  not  wi'l.-.iiiiini;.  ilu'  men  \\li..-e  t^o-pel 
is  \erv  ililTei.  n!  ir.nii  his  ..uii  I  hese  op- 
pi  ill.  Ills  of  111-  ;ire  intruder-,  lin  y  t  i<mr 
ir..ni  il-ewliere.  from  Jiida-a  —  at  any  rate 
the  leailiiis  spirits;  and  the  sitii;ition  woiihl 


1  of  tlie  bruleRrtMrni  \  be  all  the  more  dramatic,  if,  as  is  possible. 


Ch.  XII 


II  COBIXTIIIANS. 


195 


5  F»r  I  »iippo»«  I  was  not  a  whit  bc»  not  in  know  K-Ukc  ;  t>iH  wc  have  hetn  thor- 
hind  the  viry  chief c«t  ap<>Mle».  jotiKhly  matlr  manifrst  anmnK  ymi  in  alt 

l>   Riit  though  /  />!•  Tw\v  m  »p<ffh,  yet  thinRs. 


•  II  ri'  1-  I'lir  iiMii  \\\\n  -i.iihN  i>\ir  .ik;  iiti«t 
I'liil.  Ii  iulmi:  .ilitl      .iu<  nl r.iluiL;  tin-  .  I'li.i- 

III   \\\>   iiUIl    pi  r^lll.      '   •»'\N>ielOf  iii.iy 

tile. Ill  "  any  I'.ni'  that  cimu's, "  Imt  llu  re 
;ilin(i-t  Mi'MK  to  I>c  somvthiiiK  Mmi-"Uu-i.il 
alioitt  the  |>iir:i>ic,  "  hf  that  i»  fonniii;." 
ilc  (or  (/ii\v.  as  the  case  may  Ih.*)  |>r<>- 
clainifd  fliii>i/iiT  Ji-siis ;  nut  another  t'linsi 
or  .M»"isiali,—  lor  to  thi  ni  a-  In  Paul.  Ji  -ii< 
tlio  Mi'-'iah  —  ln!t  anoilicr  coin-iiitu>n 
<.t  not  tlic  crnoitifil  Savior,  whom 

I'.iul  I'll  .iiiitil  (I  C'or.  ii.  Jl  I  liry  tuay 
Iia.i'  I.ii.l  --irf-'  on  tlu  ir  iMrtlil\  i-omu  clioii 
wuli  Jf^iN,  on  kno\vin>;  him  "ao'TiliiiK  !" 
till'  llch."  It  i-i  not  a  harr  I"i^m!'iIi!>  lli.it 
I'.uil         con1i'in|iI.it iii:^' — "  ii    lu-    :■.■>.•  t.i 

fi^ihll   .ill"!lur  _l(  -!!-,    \'iM   ,\     |(,,y   lir.ir  Willi 

I'MM  " —  I!  I-  a  t.u  :  ;  ihr  (  .r.  •  k  " tic  ri  > 
■•'Mti'-  I  llat  111!'  rp!  1  l.ltl'  -II  — "  llr  «  h"  11  •till  ih 

!..■  priaclnnu  "  iawijj«ii.  Ain'M  i  r  laWuti 
ji  ~iis  mi-aii'  a  ililTin-nt  i«rf|ii)i  i  v:"~|"  ' 
.iiu!  a  (hlTi  Ti  :il  ^|>irit.  I'aiil''-  ki  i<.'\ .iniT  i~ 
liiat  tlif  C' •niitliiiiii-  loliT.ilr  urh  pI'M^itK- 
all  tills  '■t!l>\ tT-ii '11  I'f  till-  C  '^i"  !.  \vliil<  111- 
v-l.o  foiiiiilicl  tin-  cluirch  .iii'l  Kavf  tliriu 
liu'  triK'  K"-li'.l.  lliii^  i»ii' 'it'iiiir  tlu-m  to  ilu- 
oiif  man  l.'liri'<t.  lias  to  livv:  I<t  a  littli-  tol- 
ft.ition  for  himself  (notice  tho  ivlio  itt 
att\talh  of  the  awf^wf*  in  vir.  I>.  lie 
i'\|iri-MS  l!im--i-lf  ironically:  "\iui  put  up 

splrniliilly,  IH'''/.V  (^.l\a•^)  \m;!i  ^  .  h  i  tnall 
anil  sncli  a  mc-vai;  "  For  if  the  '  new  i 
comer  preaches  another  Jesus  whom  we 
did  not  preach,  or  ye  receive  a  different 
spirit  from  that  which  ye  received  it 
1  ;  ■  -111.  or  a  different  gospel  from  that 
which  you  volniUai-ilv  (tiui^  i-       iC'f  .1- 

•  ■-■:!-■  1  ■!  fri'iii  i\dfifTf)  accepted  f  m 
'1,1  a!  >"iir  iMiu  1  r-ion.  you  grandly  bear 
«itli  '-lu-li  a  mail  a  1  ^iicli  ;i  in. --ayt  ' 
<tii\ial>t  I  ii'ilir  .  ii"t  iinpiT,  I  i>  111  111'  pu  - 
f(  mil  to  ai'<ix«<r''».  yoii  /'..»■,•  unli  liiin 
'llu-  i-iiii;l  iiil  ri  "I'liTi!  Iiy  tin-  Judai/iT-  ami 
tlkir  i;ii-pi!  i-  Ipi-  -pirn  of  likMli-m.  I""!'!- 
airi-  <  kom.  -.iii.  tor  a  vimilar  ci'iUra>t 
hitwccn  their  gospel  and  Paul's,  cf.  (ial.  i. 

5.  6.  ".\nd  if."  Paul  implies,  "you  hear 
so  nohly  with  ihetn,  why  not  with  nie?" 
For  I  count  myself  to  be  in  no  respect 
inferior  to  these  pre-eminent  apostles  of 

yriir'i!'  Who  are  these?  Ilarillv  I'edr. 
Janii  -  anil  John.  Paul  ci  rtamlv  refers  ut 
them  in  a  very  indepenileiil  u  u  in  '  ■  il  ii. 
6,  0:  and  as  their  nanus  u  i::M  It  fn- 
Quenfly  upon  the  lips  of  the  Jmlai/ers  at 
Corintti,  some  <if  whom  may  even  have 


km  in  II  ilui 
^.iiiil  pnti 
ir  ' 


liro'ulit  troin  these  aposili  ,  letters  o|  rer 
"iiinieiul:iii"ii,       i-   oisi  |...,,ili|i    il  .i-  ihi, 
:  plir.ise,  "  i!u   su(„  ri  tiiiiH  111  .ipost,      '  ri  li  is 
I  to  llu  111,  iii>|  lit  i  iiiirse  TiiiiiiMlly  or  ilisie- 
,speetti.ll>      I'.iiil  woiiM  ,inip|\  I.e  (■w-.int; 
h.iek    upon    the   Jiiil.ii/ers    their   owii  t'"'t 
phrase,    lliit  any  reference  to  these  apos. 
lies  woulil  he  somewli,it  irrelev.itit  in  llu* 
eimievt     II  is  niore  proIi.iMy  the  leader* 
of  the  J  i'l  ii/uiK  party  tliemsit\es  to  wliom 
'  i'.nil  ironiiMlIy  rrti  rs  as  the  siiperemment 
,ipos!li  s,  th,    s.uiti    till  n  .IS  are  in  \er.  l.t 
ti  niiill>    i-.ilKil    l,il-r    apostles.    Me  may 
IK'rli,i(>s  lie  iiiii  ri"r  t"  tlm-r  tiiin  in  orator 
,  u'.il  ilexi'  i--;  lull  wlii  ir  tin-  i.''--"  l  is  enri 
I  mieil.    tli.isi     thiiikis    1-1. mil    liT  iiiitliiiiL' 

tlllni,'    ll-.lt    ri'llllt-    1      /  r    ,-4  /.  '/  t!''' 

'i  1.'.'!  .ii;i|  01  1.1.  -.i\  n^'  w'.n 
•   in   t  liri-l  ;   .tmi    'Ins    |,e    I;. is 

I-  1!   .■iMlll'l  ir'  K    pl.i  11  I  h.i!   lu-  I  I  -  -r., 

"I   ,1111  lU'l   ,1   u    1'   i  '  !;iii'l  til  '-e  tine  ap'--- 

lies  lit  \i>urs;  but  though  I  am  unskilled 

I  iT>iwr»/f.  ;i  l.iyin.iii.  wi'li  no  protessiun.il 
kiuuv  li-i!i:e  lit  till-  lliini;  iiiuIit  iliseiissiiin  i 
in  speech,  yet  I  am  not  in  knowledge; 
nay  in  every  respect  I  have  made  (that) 
plain  in  my  relations  with  («°t)  you  - 
nut  "  yon  ■■  It  tr  warri  and  •'»•  'rdffcr  are 
iiiitll  nriijin.il  (llu  y  in.i>  he  ihlplliales )  the 
first  Would  Im-  lu  111  .iinl  the  s,  e<iiii|  niasc. 
— "niiMni;  .ill  nun."  vuMpuHJai-Tn  |i,i,  tm 
evpri-s-,,1  ul'ieer  .  i!  inii-t  nu  iii  1  i'!;.  r  that 
lie  li.i-  ni.-i|r  ,'/ ,-  I  ti  •...',•,/;,•  n-i  li  pi, 1111,  i^r 
in, .ill-  III, 111'  I  ,1  I  th  I*  111  1,.|,  kiiou  Inlye, 
iMii  it  he  is  i-'i|i-  in  ~pi  ;  i-!i  Ihi-  n-,-|ihiiv» 
•  i.l.'pti  i]  liv  \,  \'  ".'•aniiu'i'M  r«t  lli.ullu;  hi  eil 
I'l,  n:ii-s!i  .1  1.  is  ;iKi,  t-xi  1  IK  tilU  .-n'l  -li  d.  Imt 
peril. ips  susp,.  ',  ,1;,  in\iii;;  M  i'>  sunplii  ii',  ; 
ni  till-  1- i-r.  't  I--  r.rti  wli.i  li.is  in.ule 
liiiii.\,-if  (il.iiii.  inti  ' lii;ili|i-,  in  .ill  '  rrl.i 
tu'iis  In  tlii-  1 '.  irnnlii.m-.  I-.l'-i|ii'i  is  ti  ■ 
pr.'.it  I'i  .-iiKi-'U -hip  :  .if  nitinili  l\  more  iin 
pi'rt.inci-  Is  kin n\  ledne,  the  kiu  i\\  lt-d'.je  of 
<io<l,  and  tlii*  the  apostle  mam  fatly  has. 


Haul's  Ri'iisoii  for  Refusal  of  .\!ai>il,-tuini  f 
F>»m  the  C'>ri>itliiii>is  ( 7-13  t. 

Paul  el.iiiii-  111  111  11.1  uMt  infi  ri'T  !.i  his 
"  .ipiistiilu- ■■  i.ppiiiii  iii-  it  he  ii,i-  11"'  the 
rlirl"riral  -kill  ili.  \  |;:i\i  .  t'l.it  i-  "t  no 
I'l in-i-i |iii  ni-i- ■  ihi-  'lnii'^  'li.i'  ni  il'i-r-  is 
knii«lrd^i  .  .rid  ■'  It  i'l-  !:  ,  .  lint,  hi-  "P 
Iiiimni-  fitiiit.  I'  l  ;1  1  11  hi-  no  trif  ;i|»i- 
tle,  however  Iil.uisihle  Ins  elainis  .  In-  li;is 
refused  to  accept  maintenance  from  the 


196 


H  C'OHIXTIIIAXS. 


II  u.  XI 


7  ll.m-  I  i-iitiiiiiii!i  il  .11)  .irft  i  i  t  in  .il  :i«  lin  tlirrii  nliich  c:itv  from  Maci  ilntiia  -iiip 
iiiW   im^ill  lli.il   M    i!iii;lit        .  \.i!t' 'I.  Ii     l>lu(l:  aiut  lii       tliim!«  I  ki  pt  in>>.vlf 

i.in~>  I  li.iM-  iiri.iiliiil  ti.  V.  1  till'  (:.'-imI  of  i  ir>'m  In  linrilt  ti-i'in-  iiiiIm  \><-t.  atul  mo 
<iiii|  fifi  I\ '■  will  I  kri  p  (ir,  >  •'■ 

H    I  r'l.liiil  i.tluT  iliiiri-tu     lakiliK  waKi'l     lo     \v  ilu-  irr'li  .t  (  i.  m  mi.  tfi 

I)       \ll.l     u'.ll     I  I'l-    '111     With  I  Ti  i'|..|l<  "f 

aii.l  w.inl..|.  I  u.i-  ih.irvr  .Mr  In  Il>>  man:  I  II  Wln  r.  f.-r.  -  l.i. m-i-  1  l..\c  iwt? 
I'lr    that    wlii.li  ta' I.iuv:    t"   "U'    tlx' i '  i- nI  kii"W  i  tli. 

('•.mtlii.m  .  .iiiil  I  A  '.Mi-al.  tii.y  .ip- ,  i  vtT.  i.'i  f"r  in'l  .i.  ■  ■  p'  iPu;  .iii .  tliifi;  tr^iii 
p.iiitill>   ar-!Uil.  !         I"'!!  imp"--  ;  llictn.     hi  |).irl.  In-  -  ;ppori.  .i  l.mi-ilf.  wUiU- 

-;]],     I.i    ,.ii,'  I.      \    p..  .        •!  al   (.'urilllll.   I.\    ui'iUuil;   .it  Ir.nli  «ittl 

I.  .Ill-   <lii:iiM>.     I  ill  >    I  .nii..i    ^1  r    nilM    ill'- :  his  ovxti  li.unN  i  \>  ( -  \\;ii  llp.iiuli  Im* 

II.  . Me  mimI  >i|  I'.iil,  Ir  u  ,  ;!>  i-\iT\ w  111  If,  I  i'..itrti  <i;i^l>  rifrip;-  11..111  "'irt' -fiiif  tin-i 
I'll  It  .'III    lu.ii.n.il  ami  f\t>ril.il.  "av'-|i.n'         -i   ■'  '        '   ;    ;       .     I.  • 

.    iiliiii;         llh'   !|. -ti."    I'.i'^l   tmn-rll   lia'I     .i.i.l    i.  -  ;n    .       ;    .  .m.  , 

.,Ii,,,.U  .,1  -..l  .11  I  (..1  I-  .  i;r.  iijOTMEK  churches  I  plundered,  takint; 
i,,r,.,  I  ■  !  ,    .  ^  .t  ••!  .m  .:!. (want's  !  .111  that  I  might  min- 

tii.imr.iin.  .1  l.>  ill.  r  iimiIm  -  u '1.  i       -i\i.l;  ister   'jnto   YOU    \M;l'..iit  rn-.niipciiM' 

1,11'    ..11  ..I  .-..-L.ti.  lu  i!m,'li!  -tii.u        II   I'  ll  'I'll!  rr    i»    a    |"-ili|i  il^  «  ..|itra-t  lirtsvr.ti 

>;r.  l.i  vs.miiij  iii:!;!.     \ii,ip..^!>  ll:i-  ■ti'h'H  .mil   \..|(    1  I'ui^'i  1  .  .111. 1  !l  .  I,i;i 

DM',  ilii^  m.i-      •'...tu  I  .     I.I  r.r;l;  lu-  ^•■■■.Kr    is    \iij    \  11;.  .r.      .    li).-   i.  in :  ;1  -i;. -.i 

■,,!.!   Ills  ii;.;  ■  ...  !i  ■      ll   :     M:.'!-  ma  11. .111   l!n'  ..li:ir   ilmnlus      llu-    1 ''  :  llpp;  iii. 

li.ii.i!-  iir-i!,!-.  rpn  '  ,'i- 'U  .1  In    ...iiiliii't  .ii'.l  I'.r   i  \.iiiii  li  .   uhiili   s, ,  ms    ;..  I.irii 

;iM!:-.!.   ill       ,  f  ;>•  •  '  t'  .'   !'.  -1  mr.      in  |Mriu  r.l.it'ix    k<-ii<  h-i.    i  I'hil.    i\     1  -  I  1  .is 

.  |.  .  ■  1 .;;  ■  !.i'  M  .11  .  \  ,m  .  1 .  '..  s  ■  ,i  1  .iH  ,  w  .  ;  i- 
7.    Or  (1k1  I  commit  a  sin      l;r  ir..ii  'ij   i..r.    i  11    ji      I'.i  ,    ili  i.uiiii,.  ,is 

,  in  luinil)linL;  n.ystlf  in  order  )...'•.',  />•   ui.i-  .  1  .;, 

that    YOU        '•■'■I    might  be   -pintn.iil.v  ~i  tmh  ut  \  .n  1.  li,.         ii.  .m  .u  .  .il  .  i  p.  nil 

exalted,  ir.'. ./        mit  "i  tin  ih  >;ia>l.itiiin  nf  \ii-vv  it  is  miii|i|_\  liis  w.im  s  ip.r  oywuof 

l.i  y.'.ir  I  .  n  u.i\s  int..  llu-  Mi-ssi ,ltii-ss  i-f.  1  C'"r,  i\.  71  lu  (.■■niuli.  .i»  the  si- 
i,i  11    :    1.1,  in  that  I  preached  to  you  <|i:il   sh,,n,i|,  tin-  mi.si   si rupnliiiis  Cin- 

the   Kospel   of   God   for   nothing?    In  nni-t  l.i-  liImh  t.'  niw  11. .  i.iiinsi,  .mil  I'.iiil 

rrirtie^f  ( ,;/',j.i !(■•.,•  ni.\ -t  ll  )  pri  li.ips  wi-  lu  ,ir  I  \M '! ilil  I't    Jlli'  K  ss  i  xpusul  |ii  ri  prii.icli,  ll 


■l-ll.l 


aiiii.il    iii,irv;r    111. uli'  Lv 


aiiiptiil  tHitliiiii;  liiiin  till'  Ciinmlii.itis 


liN  <.p|Miiii  111 ..\!i..  ir,.iy   li.ivr   lui|iuii!l>    Imp  liis  i.\ .iii..^i  iu'.il  --itmi-i  s. 
aiul    111    \.in..-'-    >-..n!in-;!iitls    .-ipplml    tin- .     g-li.     \\!'  .Ir\rr    I'.i!;!   ti.'.'K    It. .111   ..ilu  r 
i-p.! '  :i  ;  r  I  nil      '1 .  1,1m  I  .  I.  \.  1  I  ;  •'.  ■  ap.  .s  ■  I  i'li;:i  rl;i  s,   |i<    ii,  ., .  r   ■  ;       m.i.lr   liim-.  !i  .1 
ill   !,.  '      .1  .  ,,,  ii;.,',:i    p:!;tiil  lillw.  .-i  ;  I  in .  l  11  L.  liu'  i  And  when  I 

,,,\\,,ii|.     Ill     ll.  iiu       ll    llirsi'l    i;i    liiiir   .it  .iii>  Ii:;u   felt  want   1  1  i  r. ,  ■ 
IMS,  atul  .-Miu-liisivi  ly  i>t..\i.|  lli.il  111'  >\,cs  I-  :,       in  u,,,;    1   during  my  stay     •  ,■■ 
11,1    .-ip  .-!!,  .    I  v    pri.i.  iiim;     1'  r    11. .'h  M-  jiri pu  .  amons  you  1  never  made  iny- 
( i*!,^.,)!  II 1  .  ;  i'.,  :-  !;i  ii;i;'i  1)1 .1  In   iln-iself  a  benumbing  burden  to  anybody, 

full    ,111,1    -.liiim    I'lIir.-iM    ■■  i!'.!'    U'isIkI    .  h.miI'^'    .i;.iii  s.inn.--.  i.rp.i., 

,,,,,/  It  1-  mi;  till  •■iitlur"  i.il-r  i;.'-pil  "t.i  ju-  liki  ,1  stni  xniyi:;  i.ii." 
.■il.iiir  .uii.llui  !<-:!-  that  /,r  pn.i.his  1  \  .r.  '  ji  i"iin'  Pi  In  .1  (  ilui.m  u..iil  For  the 
.J  I  I'l  - ..'l:-'.  -! tlijit  !l  u.i-  pi  r';,ips  a  brethren -  - pii.l... I  !>  ."s;!,!-  .m.i  I  im 
Mil  t"  p!i:i-!i  til  _'i>s]hI  "I  t!'f  v^i  iii'  "I  "hi!  i..id  st,,_\,,l  .It  iliii.ia  (  \.ls  wn  \^^ 
(ioil  fur  ii.'iln'i'j,  I'aiil  i-  !>iiic  ihi-  Ian-  .mil  altiTu.ir.U  rcKHiuii  :1  .ii  1  i.-ii 
iin.im  ..I  liiiir  it..iiy:  if.  \ii.  l.i.  ului  -  i  .\it.s  win.  51 --when  they  came  from 
til.  alii!-ion  i<  till  "  saiiu-  -'■  fiititivi-  nii-  llio  pour,  luit  k<  nt  rniis  t  mh.  j  1  i  liiirclu  s  nf 
ihi.  ;i)..;/i:."    I'.uil  smiis  ll.  lia\i-  l.i-iti  Macedonia,   brought  a   further  itpou 


:h 


11,  1......  1  .  ,1. 


i-rmi^.  supply   for   my   want    1  t'iir»<>>!u.3  t>fhi>i- 

.i.nstrnclii.n  ..I  his  K'Hi-n  isitv.     Tin-  fri-c  iartpriDiif  ] ,    And.  :!il)|>lu-il  as   I   tliiis  wa-i 

Kr.icc  iif  (imi  1-  must  vliM|neiitly  priKrlainnd  from  oilii-r  s,.uri'i-s.  in  every  respect  I 

liv  till-  prt'achiT  who  illiistraiis  it  in  hi.s  kept  myself  iltiniiy  my  stay  at  Curmt!) 

invii  cundiict.  from  being  a  burden  to  you,  and  in  I'l. 

8.    l'ai:t  li.iil  tlu'  ri>;lit.  as  an  apns-li.  t.>  fntnn  I  will  1  so  1  keep  myself.     llu  n  .1 

ni.iintenaiKf  irniii  thf  C'urintliiatis.    llfhail  sun  for  this  dclirintiKil  oiiirsi-  Paul  will 

a  reason,  however,  which  he  ^ives  below  soon  state  (ver.   li),  but  the  fact  itself 


II  <  OIMNTIII.WS, 


IU7 


I J  llilt  w  lmt  I  <l<>.  tliat  I  «!!|  il.t.  lii.i' 
I  iii.iv  t  ilt  I'tt  i>t'i  ,4-ii>ii  tiiini  tluiii  uli  tii 
til -in  (H-iM-ii 'ii .  lli.it  «|-,irii!i  ^l-Ti. 
'.     \  iii.n  In-  li  'niiil  <  A  •  II  .i  -  »  . 

I  ;    I  .'.r  -•  .  !:   /  ,    I  ,  ■     .  .1.  . 

u  iKif^.  tr.iii>i"rmiti>;  ituiiiMlvi-  iiii.>  t!- 


■  t     \tii!  ti"  tti.ir\.l:   t..r  Si'.itt  Intn-ilf 

1-   tr. 111-!.  •!  lilt  .1   ■ir.i    III    llivtl   ,.|  ln;lir 

I  ;     I  it.  I.  •    .  1.  .  i^i.  :•  ili.tn:  II  |it« 

niMi-ii  fx  .I'-.t  !,    •r.i!' -I,  :f  ^'.t  i|  .,  .  r..-  iitni 

.  r  ri  •<■  ,    .     ■  !:,..,  ,  !,  1  .!,.,!;  I,,- 

1, ,  tit'lifi;  !••  t!..  ir  iv.rk^ 


-.t   iiii|it.t!.iiit   tlMt   111    It  I"  .r  -    ■•    III  .1 
;  iiii  lii.il    iiiM-t-  II  .iliiii'-:    \\  III   |..t    -  I 
ti'iiiirv  ..(  .Ill  .  .itti    The  truth  of  Christ 
li  in  me,  .t:.'l  '  \  i!i  ■  1     .  i .  i . !.%  i: 
-..It  iiiiiU  .,-if  that,  so  far  as  I  am  con- 
cerned, this  boaiit  •  i  mi!  t         I  pr-.. 
.t  .iii't"n-Iv  shall  not  be  silenced   il  l 
■■...11    II.. I    I...-.,     |!.,r    ill..  If-       ••  I 

•  •'  » •>•'•».  I  t  -iij.  ..    ••  .  |..  • 

■  Mii  .i.  in  the  rcKixns  of  Achaea;  I  ■ 

:  I  !,■•;.  .  I  ■  •riiith    u ,.         f,    i   ,        i.-'i.  . 

■  ■  i-i;!;.   It  ti      u  ii.  'If  |.r. •    'I    1  '  A 

•■  Ii/.':    I-'    (  In  ./   I-   I!)    f         !  - 

■  !!•  -  .II  I  Iii.i.  !■  u  nil  l'.,.  t::  '  t  ■ .  t  .1  '  ■ 
(  i;ri-;i.iii  |it  i -"1m I i I \ .  .in.!  .in  i'  -]'lii'l  «ifi 
111   , ill-. .lull    .. iti-  11   !  •   -i:,.  ■  riu    .in. I 

•  nillil'iiliii III.    i.    17  tt  ..     li:--  K'n 
1-  rrii.tn  -lit.\\-  i.itii.   •  .■.••.■\  .!• 
•..  riiiii;.  1  \\  :i-  I  '.1'  1  -  r.  -■  .Iv!  ■.  -ii  t  .  i,,!  ■  t 

mi;  I'rtiiii  '.III-  C  •  .1  iiitiii.iii -  I  !.■  l:-. -"  i. 
li-'M.-tij  ,1111. .11;;  ih.tn  iini:lil  ^^.ll  |.  •  1  ..t 
itii.'t  i|  ,ir   iliis   niit^.il   i.i  I  t    h,  IikI  Itv 


III!,  .itltl 


Why? 


ini-.-lit  II 


•t  il    :i  :i;i;i;i  .1    I.i.  k    ni    I. ., I  r 

''  till  ^.  '>k.  I-  it  because  I  do  net 
love  you?    fi  i',itiil.\  ii.ti;  f'lr  God  knows 

f  ,ll    I    ,,'      I.  At  I..I1, 

12.     \l  1,;-'  II  .    ft  ,il  r.-.i-.tii  f-r  rii;!^ 
rt  |ii-,il   t .)■  -nin" .1 !    11 . .Ill    f  .    t  ' .1  ■  I.' '    11;  ■ 
1^  11. w  iii\ru.    Now  what  I  do  : 
!in-t  ii   i-.,i,.      ■       ,!,  ■•,!•    !     ■,    -   ,  .,  r. 
•  1 1 ,  I  will  also  ■  ■  .  till ;  '      ■       1.  ;  - 

■,  tii.1t   I   may  cut  oti    this  ,         ■' .r 
occ.iMtin  (rom  th.,;,c  who  desire 
.111  occasion  01  bein^  found,  m  the  mat- 
ter whereof  they  boast,  on  a  level  with 
US.     1       I,.-'  ■.  iiiciii  i-  11  1-  It.  t  II  1 .  .1-'  I  "  .| 

lihl  ;i,'!  r|i!  1  !.  .1  111  .1  mill!  It  mil-  i.|  u  ,n hill 

ilif  -iiii|.li -I  -t  1  iiiv  III  !.,'  till-.  I  III-  -  i.'it! 
ica  i>  ii.it  cti-t,riliii;ili.  wiili  tlii-  lir-'  ,  it 
iltuN  nut  tlirrrli.rt'  »  vpri  >-  tin-  111. .iiv.-  t'l.r 
ill.'  .ictioii  lit  tin-  |iriiii-i|>.tl  i-I;iii-i-  "  I  lii-. 
I  will  roiitiiuif  t"'  d"  in  cir.l.r  ili.it  tin  y 
ni.iy  In-  foiitiil  i-vtn  ;i>  wi-"  tli.ii  1-.  ll.ii 
r.-iul's  i.ptmii.  iii-   in;i\    In-   rr.lin-i  il  t..   f  f 

IltiT.'lI    llff.  ..|    l.'i     .  I'.!!!;.    I  .1     II. ..'i:'!.: 

!lu-ri'  w;i-  lii'li  liki  II'  ..i  ..f  i:  ,ii  K.I'!:' I- 
i-  the  -in--  '1.1  'I  "  ili-iH  ii.lr:it  ii'i  till-  'Iirt  i' 
\Mir.N  |i'.  r.  t|;n._'  .'in. I  r\pl,iii.il. -rv  nt  llii  tii. 
.■\|iri--i;:L'  nli.it  Ih,-  .rf''t''  t  tl.-iriii 
Ihi  ir  ili-irr  W.I-  tli.il.  '■  m  tbf  'iiiit'.  r  nl 
ttliicli  tlifv  l)««i-tcil."  that  i».  tit.-  .Ti«.-tU- 
shi|>,  they  should  be  on  ter.ns  of  e«iti.ility 


»:  I.  f  >  -1 

I  .  t  .  "  .ir-t-  ''i 
1"  -  .'.I  f  .  *. 
i'.i-:l  -■:  '1/1  r. 


;.  I,  \  i.  .  ..  t. 
■i.i'i  11  t  '' 
n  '  ■  1  .  I 

.  ':i,  1 
1:. 


Vi'T  siuli  men.  i. 

-  I-'!. :;:  .'i-  .  !mi  ,. 


t.  ••  I'lil 

.  ;ti-!i 

.!  1  nii-M, 
.1  J  mil  lit. 

.  .;■  -i-'i.  t 
.1.  -. . 

-     I  , |. .     ]    '  y 


.lie      >i.  t 


l-'ALSK  at)ostle-»,  ir  ,  ;.. 

1  ■      -  ■  .-..i  .  .1  f.. 

crafty  workers.        \    1:  .!,    '  ' 


'it  II  til.- 

.11 


•  . W  '  I  •;:■.' 
lllll  III 


-     .  ■  l-t  I. 

ui'!.    I  .-.      |.'.  '  transforming 
themselves  into  apostles  of  Christ.    1 1  ■  \ 

u.  If  11  ft  -  .  .|  II-.  f  .  1  ..I  . .   1 ,  ,!K 

r\..:  '-  ft  v  .'.I'l  .  I--'  ...  -k  •fill.  .:•.!  I'l.  V 
t:  ,  -.   ,  f.  .   ■    ,•   ■     ,    ■  .    ,  1  !ik.- 
li-  And  no  wonder,  for  Satan  Him- 

self, -.  .  .  I  .;- 1  1.  '  -  ■  .  transforms 
himself   into    an    an-cl   of    linht.  ti...| 

f  :  I  ■  I'l--.!-  .  1  .  '  I  111  'i  j'  ■  •  .  i  -  ■  .  :  r  I  i .  1 
I   •-.      1-    l-j'-t     .  ,-|       \    '       V!      •  I  •  .     1-    I.  1 

.      Ill---'      •  .     ■      -.    ;  :  •:   ! :!,..  .,, 

'!l^,  -r     ,.     II  .     .        ■  .    -  ,    .  ,      .....  .^      ^^;,|,  t| 

1  .iii"i-l  ••(  I'l;!  •  .  !-.  t:--.  '    I  ■  •  I 

Kiiii;-  wii  |..  iiii;  1:.  -  ''n-  It  is  noth- 
ing remarkable,  then,      "vj.  In  1 

iil.i-ti-r  ill  til!-  .11'  t'  ' :  ..1.- 1  ;  ••  -  if 
his  servants  also  transform  thcniselve; 
.iinl  '  .  . .111.  as  servants  of  righteousness. 

/m.c'.'/.- -H.o't-v.f  may  lie  her.'  11-.  . I  m  tli.' 
l.tTi:.-  .■ili,.,i!  an. I  r.-li.^iii.i-     .|  •  ,  u  ih.. 

 t   rii!l!'"  .!'-ii.---.  ..f  liL'lit.  ..I  (.0.1, 

"!  t  !iri-t.  ili.it  tlu-y   (irittiitl  '.1  -,  n,  ,  m 
■    iliiv.  It  I-  ill..  .•:ii!v,.  ..('  iii.t  1.JI..I...  ...,sj, -.^^ 

"1   "l^rkiie-..  <.f  S.lt.lIT,  t.f  t!;,  i.i,..h lli.it 
f  it  \    -t  r\ e     I'ii--''.1\.   Ii.m.  ...  r    1;  .'  f,- .m- 

i-.-l 


I'-,  (iiii.  Ill  -.-ii^e 


I.-.  '  f  li,  r,.  i>  tini;i  '1  u  i'li 

uliit  h   i(   -1.  ..It. 11   !  I'  I  -!,  til,  rivtlit- 

'"M-Iit  -.     ..f     (i..i!      ,  K'  ,.|.  |-|  'nit.sr- 

who  .in-  niini-liT-  nf  th.-i  rii'lifri'ii>iu-»>.  are 
the  tni"  evant;eli-t>     riu-c  nun  are  the 


1  JS 

n 


i  -1 


m 

m 


if 


1!>H 


II  COKINTIIIAXS. 


[C'H.  XI 


Id 


Mc.iiii  l-.t  MO  111.111  think  iiH'  a  i;  That  which  I  spiak.  1  sju-ak  it  not 
f,H,l  u  ..lii.  ruiM  ,  \.  t  a  receive  me.  |  after  the  Lord,  but  as  it  were  foolishly,  in 
thai  i  iiia\  Ihu^i  'nu-rll  a  hltle.  I  this  contiilem-c  of  Iioa-tiiitJ. 


f.iNi .  whose  end  shall  be  in  accordance '  t 
with  their  works.  I  hnr  fate  will  hr  >\<  -\' 
tiriiiinei!  hv  thi  ir  i-omliu  t.     I  lu  y  art-  j  J 

of  tlie  cU'.  i'h  m  -.■!!  oi  h<  -    lilt-  iraii-.loriii.i 
tioti  oi"  ni..iMl  \:ihKs  llsaiali  v    -i).  Maik 
in    jj>      in.!  ilirir  tniiiislinieiit  will  be  a> 


hi- 

t.iiiu-- 
it  u:i- 
:iii<l  ill 


I'l'"" 


:1  - 


1,1-    ;il    Ihr    <n<l    of  llu- 
..■ii    I'.Mil   antu  u'ati  -  I'T 
Uri;li!i-   i-nd.    -how  how 
li.i-  111. 11  •  \a^inratf<I  hv  tlu-ir 
II,    |o\i(l  ih.    C'oriiithi.in  i-huri-h. 
u-  had  fNl»>ilM<l  luT  lo  t'lin-1  : 

 Juilai/i  rs  were  <l'iin>;  rMT>  I Iniii,' 

III  lluir  iH.wir  to  iHiMTt  the  ehiinli  hy 
the  iHovlaiiiatioii  of  aiioilur  Jesiis  ami  an- 
other Ko-|.il,  ami  to  <1imt<"1iI  the  aulliorilv 
of  the  man  who  iia<l  fouiiiliil  tliat  elmn-h. 
TIk  V  iMiiiioi  ;ii.preeiate  hi>  'otiy  nioiu,-  tii 
rifii'-nis  ihi'  -iipport  which  in-  fMilil  i  i-tU 
claim,  iiiid  tlu-y  even  tni  ii  In-  iiii-i  lli-liii.  - 
into  an  aryiiim-nl   au.iiii-t    I       ap' 1. -hip. 

I. ml.'  woiiil,  r.  coii-:,l.  1  It!:.'  tl;<'  iiil.ir-l- 
;it  -i.ikc.  ih.il  I '.!';]  m  ili'  '■<'  -'  It 

!  h  -  ot  I      1  -  :  "  I  III-  mil  ;i  -  :  <  I  -  '  ■!  S.ilaii, 


i'.;cllii'i    aluii  to  tin    .u>inu-  of  the  i;o-pil 
i     ji  -;!-      I  In  If     Ji  -ii-     i-     "  am  'tlu  r 
J.  -u-.  tlu  ir  co-p,  l  ami  ilu  n  -pirn  ari-  ihi 
|,  r,  lit,     It    i-  tliat    cxplaiii-    titul  to 

-oiiir    cMiiit    jii-titii>    tlie    Mnoroii-  Ian 
i;iiaL;i    in  which  Paul  ilescribcs  thein  and 
thiir  latr. 


apo 

till'  iTpn  -.  I !l ,il 1 ,1-  "I  '.''I 
111  --.    rininiiiely     i !: -i;i;i -i 
Infill.     l'.oi!--i  t   r.ii-'  -  ihr 
t  loll    w  !ii  '  In  r    1  Voil  - 
.11 1 1;  II'  ii     \\  •  rt  alti'v 


oi  ,l„rk- 
aiiui  1-  of 
tmn  (pn  - 
-Iioiil;    l.inuiiauc  and 
lliT     1  '  I  -!  llu  d      "  I'l  1- 


P 


lilt  1  n 


hap-  wi 
.1-  n.irrow 

a-  I'omni 


I  nil 


II 


m 


ado|.!,d  1 
tainlv  od 
niamuT  1 
il.irl)  iiKi 
the  othri 


ht  to  thmk  ot 
1  doltht.  hilt  at 
,,(■  ihr  jii-tii-e 
\\':;.ii  tlu-e 
..iiihat   the  api 


111-  oppomnts 
till  -;itiie  time 
of  their  view, 
pclty  siiirils 
>tle  were  eer- 


ami   ukIv.     lint  I'aiils 
minctitifs'  the  coiite-l  i-< 
kid   In    no  small  p.i--ion. 
hand      i'      ti-t    in  Jii-tice 


Cfd<>  that  he  had  -on 
ami  th.at  hi-  vieor  m  tin-  1 
eoiitr-t  w:i-  oiil\  l''o  mti  I 
no   -.;;iii,     li-t    a-    hitle  a> 

i.iiiio  r.i" 


W  1- 


own 

t  comlnctitifs'  llie  coiite-i  is  sim- 

Oii 

i  iii- 

I.  .r  111-  airji  r 
1  ,it  oi  ihr  'J.]  1  .it 
li.mliK  I'.nil  t- 
I .iithi  r."  I'l  r 
i.i\i-  -It  11  ill  I'll  s,  li.id 
iiiiirh  t.  ■  in-.  '\  ■  iki'  him  I  li  li.id  ih  'tie  tlir 
h.ird  work,  .iiid  tlie>  li.i'l  -Irpi'id  ill  t"  ap 
propri.ite  the  iimt-  o!  hi-  tahor  Ihii  it 
i-  iioi  I"!-  -lull  pi  1 -"iial  rr,i-"ii-  that  I'.rii 
'"  -  I  h' m  timii-ti  I  -  oi  Satan  ;  it  i- 
•!i'  ir  Ml  >rk  I-  a  tm-iMi'i-  to  the 
I'i  ,  \ .  II  t'i  the  iM-ti  tire,  of  the 
!  1  Ih  \  l:.i\  r  no  m-iulit  mto  tlie 
,,:i'l  roiidnrt  "f  an  aiiostohc  iliaii 
.lid    t  \  rf.    r  It  ^  h  -s   into  the 

if  I  I  t '-'       I  li'   ritipha-i-  w  hirli  lhr\ 


hill 
lire. 
|iitt  il  \ 

*;o-l" 
mil"! 

hkr 
ii.iml 


laid  upon  iMiiiial-   lef.  \ef       )   wa-  al 


The  .l/'i>i//.-'.v  Bi'iist  (.\i.  i(>-J3i. 

The  apostle  recoils  from  the  necessity 
(  xii.  Ill  which  has  been  tlinist  upon  hiin 
hy  Ins  opponents,  of  defenilinj;  his  claims  to 
he  an  a|)ostle.  It  iiuoivis  bo.isiniK.  ami 
this  I'aiil  naturally  shrtnks  ironi.  It  is 
t'ollv  i\\  1.  171.  it  i-  ^'"■|'  M'pioi'.  not  111 
the  s],ii  ii  of  the  l.oi  d  1  . 1  t  1;  1  ;  Inn  he 
has  been  driven  to  11  hy  tin-  rhalli  iiyr  ami 
iiisinii.at "lis  of  his  ri\als.  and  in  tin-  c 
tioii.  .ilti  r  a   litilr  !t"mi mI    l"tr  pki>    (  \  \ 

he  .uird-  Iriii-ill  dr'll"  1  atrl)  t"  ihr 
l,i-k,  and  in  an  iinprl>i"'i-  pa--at;i-  oi  i^nat 
rloipiinrr.  111  laiii'js  Priou-  11-  -"Uir  oi  thr 
nioie  lliniiiri;  mri'liii!-  oi  lit-  jirfiloii-  and 
iiowdi'l  hir.  and  Miidiralr-  1 1 1  iimpliaiit  ly 
his  '  l.nni  to  thr  ap"-'"'  -lnii  hy  poinlini; 
•'1  il'.  tliiiiL;-  th.i'  '  '■  h  -'■!!,  1-,  ,1  lor  the 
^"-pi  1-  sake  (cl,  M.  4  10;  I  Cor.  i\. 
;  1,;  I. 

16-17.  Again  1  say,  as  I  said  ( iin- 
pliriiK  I  hriore  I  in  mt.  I  I.  let  no  one 
think  that  I  am  a  fool.  Paul  is  well 
aw, ire  of  the  iinseeiiiliiiess  and  thr  /''//.V 
of  ho.astiim ;  htit  he  is  on  hi-  ilefrn-e.  and 
he  must  -rate  his  case  whetln  r  lluy  think 
hint  a  fool  or  not  In  any  case,  how- 
ever 5'  hut  11  >e  do  »iif  n'ant 
Illy  reijiiest  to  he  t  rijaiiled  .is  a  sane  man  I. 
listen  to  me  1  In  ,;,../•/  tne.  give  nie  .a 
ttrlc'imi)  even  thmiLth  it  he  as  a  fool. 

that  I  too  a-  Will  a-  niv  "piionritl-.  to 
uhoiii  yoii  eii'  -  ■  '..r'li.il  a  wrlciiir.  may 
boast  I'l-t  a  little  Irt  1  io>.|)'ii-  tm  1  am 
I  will  1.'  I'  I  hi-  what  I  speak.  I  do  not 
speak  in  accordance  with  'In  mmd  ami 
-pint  of  the  Lord,  "t  iii"li  r  lit-  do.  r' 
m-piration,  llr  w.i-  nick  .iml  !..\\'\  1  .\l,i! 
\i.  j.j),  and  ho,i-t  iii.i.;  wa-  i!"t  Hi-  w.iv 
I'. ill!  1-  catiinl  111  hi-  .Ktnur.  t"  s,,), 
l;i!:iiiI  hv  attlu  ipatmn.  thr  ch.irartrr  of  lii- 
I  "I'i  wliicli  iiiit;lil  lie  coniproniiscd  hy  the 
lo.i-tinL:  of  ;i  di-ciple  ami  :in  aposilr.  It 
1-  11, >t  ,iiici-  till-  /  .'iif.  but  as  in  foolishnesr 
I  note  how  he  rines  ilu-  ehaii.ues  on  this 
woni  half  s.Tionslv,  h.ilf  ironically)  tlitit 
I'.iitl  speaks  with  1  ht  '111  this  proud  con- 
fidence of  boasting,  mi  winch  he  is  about 


i'u.  XI] 


II  COKIXTHIAXS. 


199 


|8  SccitiR  that  many  glory  after  tlu' 
tloli,  !  will  nUny  also. 

II)    I'l'r  yc  siitTcr  tools  Rladly,  seciiiR  yr 

■, .  Ill /:  .'A  arc  wi-c. 
jii    ]  Mr  yo  siifTcr,  if  a  man  lirint^  yon 
ln.iiil,i:^r.  it  a  tn.m  iK\oiir  you.  it  .i 
t;ikf  .  '   \  II.  it  a  iii.m  i  \.ilt  him-clt. 
man  you  mi  tlic  face. 

I    -pr.ik         i  Miir,  riimia  n'|iio:i.-h. 


into 
111.111 
it  a 

ihoiij^li     wc    li.nl  1 


\\i;ik.     I  louli.  ;i. 


w  lu  l  l  infill  \  I  r  ;ii!v  i-i  liold,  (1  spi-ak  fool- 

I'liiy.  I  I  .1111  1»>U1  .I'.-o. 

tluy  llfl'rrw--  -■•  .mi  1  \i'<' 
!!:•  \  l-r.i,  !!;.  -  ,1111  I  \ri  I'.i.  x  i!n-  i  il 
of  Alir.ih.iii!     ■•' '  ;  I's  I . 

Arc   lln  >    niiiii-ti  r~  "I    l.  liri>l  '  il 
>|'i;ik  ;i-   .1    tM.,l.i|  iii.  r.  ,    in  i.i!ionr-i 

iii"ic  almiiil.nit.  iti  ^trii>c»  ;i!n.\c  mc.i^iirc. 
in  prisons  in"rc  frotitcni,  in  il.  ,ith-<  oft. 


to  l.iiilK-l*     Tlu-  last  dan-c  vi'-i'^  t'l'^tionN  l.i-  1'.,  :!  r.  I: 

uholc  sentence:  in  this  Ixtaslm^.  it  i~  ii"t  p.Tt,  who  catches 


I  1..  IM-  h:- 

II  ciiiinmc'  ^  I.I  ^ '  1 
1,!,  in.  11  I:-':  -  -..i!.  »'\a/i.),i»i' 
in  I  .lik.'  \  -  '  -i'.'-'i  '  ■  \ '  '■!  int' .  In  ■, 
pouir,  who  lifts  himself  up  .ni.l 
in~.'liiitl>.  who  smites  you  in  the  face. 
A  \<l<\\  1. 11  till-  t.iii'  u:i~  .■111-  i.|  ill.-  ...:r.-.i!i  -t 
.■I  nt-iil;-.  (  v.  ,!'i.  \.  i~  nnmi  j  i  li 
-  ,111-  .ilino-t   iiu-ri  iliMi    lli.il    -n.  !i  .m   a.  t 

i  ;),!     iM\  I-    li.  .  n    |i..--il.U-    « rliin  the 
ut   tin    niii>ns-i, .11   ntailr  liy  tlic 
li.i--.ii:r  1-  continiti  il  l.v  1    I  im    in.       I  it. 
1    -  where  it  iv  l.inl  il-'Wll  t!i,it  l!u-  lii^hop 
iiin^t  111  it  he  a  "  --triker." 

21.  Tlic  iri'tis  of  this  wh'ile  -cction 
1  l'>-.M  )  \crv    sii  ;kii^.j. 


ir.ore  tli 


luTC 


To     myi  shame 


.1  .!i-!i..i'.ir  "  I  I  admit  that  i  ht 


.,-  an  'n^nirci!  man.  lint  a  i""'  !i -it  hi 
-IH.-lk-.  .^^ollle  rcliilcr  i-iroiTTa.ut  i,.:,  H'l. 
i\.  4»,  "in  this  mtilUr,  .Mihncl.  oi  hoast- 
niK."— not  iinpossilile.  lint  less  forcible  and 

appiopriali'  hire. 

18-20.    Seeing  that  many     li<    in.  iii- 

::...rc  p.irticvl.irly  In-  ..vi-nentN  tin  laNe 

■  ,    , uii"    w.-r.-    "  iii.ini  "    ill.    1,"'  — p,  ■•ii.i  11 
boast  after  tlie  tksh,  ot  .  sumi.iI  ihrnt;-.  1  .-Inn ,  h.  h 
-iich   as   tlii  ir  .h.  u  i-h    il,     ■  nl    1  m  v. 
:-.,ir  c. -nil.  .  ;  1,  .n  uitli  the  j.ru-.il.  in  cburcli 

r-  1.  1,1  1-,  with  I  hn-l.  c!.'  ,  I  also 
will  glory;  he  ilois  n.'t  say,  hut  th.c  se- 
quel iviT.  Jji  -liows  that  lie  partly  means 
.rl,r  ill,-  tli-.<li.  i-'.Mii  m  rei;ai<l  to  the  ex- 
lernal  things  uf  which  the>  iim'm-  so  niiuh. 
I'aiil  is  "not  a  whit  intVri..r"  to  tluni 
l\er.  .\n<l  he  ijoes  oil  wvU  I.-Imil;  -.1! 

casiii  to  say  that  he  can  siir.lv        ■  ■  n 
,1    patient    luarinv;    lioni    tli-  ni.    t.ii    thi  :r  ^ 

..Lulice    sh.iws   lliat    thev    h-Ml  t.'.'Is|.Lny  rale  i-  1..0  I 

with   pleasure.     For  ye   put  up    1  .ir- X'_""»  '  a-    hi-    ..pp.innii-.  It 
an  eciio   .  .f   \er.    1.   where  I 

■  \  w  ill  pni  lip  W!ih  linn  an.l  In-  '  -Uy  1 
f^ladly  with  fools-  '  e  m  \l  mi-.'  sh..u- 
l'  ;[  !,\   f/i,-  ;.',  /i.w'i   (  r..'!'  a.;.<)"i'u'r  I  iiu.in- 

i      ,1     n  iu-     being  wise  men  (your- 
selves.,   a    ino-I    ii..r.ii  .il    a. Mr:. .11  —  Il  .■ 
(  ..rMihi.iiis  in.iv  u.ll  il  •  ir  wi- 

,l,.ni  1  \  ■■•1.  r.iliin;  .1  hnlr  I-'IA.  I  iu  re  1- 
;,n  i  ll'.  .  !;•.>■  word  play  m  the  <  ir.  1  k,  the 
•  u,,  , ,  .n' 1  .i-li  .1   wi.l-  •••.ii'iiMoi  1.1- 

tiiK    iii\tai»is.  d      .1.11.1!  V    and  .»<''i.«;'<'-»-<. 

1  he   .11)^111111  nt    1-  :    M    ihi  >  v.rr  |.".N. 

thev  are  1  nd  !..  !..Iir.ae  hini.  l.  r  he  too 

i-  a  foul   I  Ins  Imi.i-uiii;  niaki-  Inni  snchl. 

1  lu   111  \l   \erse  is  a  -cNcre  desriiptioii  ot 

tl'c  1-  Iiict  of  his  Jnd.ii-tic  i.pp.  n.  ii's  ni 

tlu  ir  ile.iliiiiis   uith   the  clinrcli.     i  ' 

I.i.;,,n   j-   .iliMiuis,  Iiiit   skiltnliv  evini— ..1    —  -  - 

>:  ni.letitiite  «'  ri5  (it  ai!\  om  1  For  of  Abraham?  so  am  I.  II 
you  put  up  with  any  one  who  lord-  iti  liwish  de-cent  a-  wU  1-  tlu^ 


"  i  .\     W  IV    _     

■■  r 'h..\\  ih.it'  i  WE  i^u«ni  were  t..i> 

weak  t.i  in.l  nn.'  ni  \ie..i..n-  in.  .i-iir.  -  like 
r  ,  .,       I  le  h,nl  I,.  .  n  .-.iheii  .1  .\  I.',-   I  \. 

1111.  lie  n.'ini,d'>   ...hnil-  r,-  ;il 

■  ■  ■  I-  ■  .  ihnrch 
1!      But    .ill  ^  the 

|ii  -  th..t  -.line  he  h.i-  a  e.m.i.i'.e  ..I  hi-  ..wn.  u  ineh 
•-   I        1    he   IS  in.t   .il'rn.l   !.i  ni.i!.  ii   u'.lh   t'.n-  in 

whatever  matter  any  one  is  bold  i 

e..nr-e  he  n  .  -n:.  .I'h.  '  •  n  .■  in  folly 
that  I  speak,  n.t  '1,.  v  ■  '  '  ■  '■••nt 
'o  make  i-  a  hoa-i  i   I  too  am  bold. 

22.  .\f'er  tin-  p! .  hnir  :.,i  i:  •  .nie.il 
iii..\.  ini  nl.  in  which  i'  nil  !  ,i-  r.ii-i  d  •■••r 
e\pi  li.r  I' .M-  ti.  tile  Infill-'  .1-  t.i  wh.it 
the  c..nt.  11'-  111  In-  "  h.ild  "  '..M-t  u  ill  h<'. 
lir  luu  n-  'he  -l.ili  nil  III  of  It  ni  hrief 
and  wii'j!l\  -eiiti  ii,  .  -  wineh.  .it  ihe  \  cry 
i.nt-il,  il.  in.ih-h  ih.  ,  l.inii-  ■.!  In-  ..ppo- 
lunts  to  pre  eniiiu  nie  i\i  ii  in  ti  e  i  s'.  rn.d 
in. liter-  I'll  uhich  they  l.nd  -.i  n      '     ••■  - 

Are  they  Hebrews?   ini.  !.  I   '  n 

'     ,      ,    //,  I  so  am  I.    Are  they 

Israelites?  so  am  I.    Are  they  the  seed 

  "      ■  ■       ,      !  ei.iim 

//,    i,  ;..v  I 


vii.l  to  d. 


ihc   n  itional  ii.ini.  .   /.o  i. 


WT  >  ■  11.  as  I   \\  .1-  t.ilsel> 

^41  and  Willi  reduces  you        \'v  '  \ 

to  the  bondage  .'t   legalism   (ihe-e  in.  n  ; /.  .I'l 
turned    tin     (..rnnhMn-    into    >|;i\es.    i'.inl  .Ii.' 
made  him.u-lt  their  slave,  iv    s',  who  de-j(*."i   \ii  i-ti 
vours  you  hy  demanding'  heaxy  contribti- j    23.    these  maitirs.   important   as  iluy 


•li.ii  -.icnd 

the   .....1.1.    ..I   I:    .1-  I- 

li  e  ln..:h.  -t  !■  nil  "i  .dl,  thev 
1  I  i  d    iii.   -"(I    of  the  promises 


200 


11  CORIXTiriAXS. 


[Ch.  XI 


j\  (If  tile  Jru^  U\<-  ■iiius  rc.-i'i\r(l  I 
{'■My  I'lu- 

I  liruc  I  ln.iiiu  uiMi  r"iN.  oiu'i' 

w.i^  I  •.imii  i!.  ihnrc  I  siilTi  ri'il  slii|i\vi  t  (  k. 
a  mulil  .iiiil  a  <l.iy  I  Iiavo  livcii  in  llii-  <l<  i|'- 

jtt  III  iMinii-Miiy-.  iiftiii.  in  piTiU  i>f 
uatiT^.  in   prriN  iil  riiMi<T».  iti  inril-  h\- 


I  iiilui'     .k  II   Cdimtryiiicn,   in   perils   liy  the 
I  lii  atlu  n.  in  jhtiIs  in  tlif  city,  in      ril-  in 
•llu'  \viI(Urtii><.  ;;/  ihtiI-  in  tlic  ^la.  ;'i  perils 
anil  .Mi;  false  Im-lliron  ; 

J7  In  wcarim'ss  and  painfulness.  in 
watcliinKS  nfien.  in  liun>;er  and  tliirst.  in 
fastint."'  often,  in  coM  a:i<l  nakidness. 


•-iciii,.!  I.,  hi-  npiii nun; ui  re  "I  liitK 
.ii-Kinenrr  In  I'.f.l.  AuA  \u'  ih-nii-^i  - 
ih,  ni  \i  rv  .nrllv  w  'h  a  '•«"/'*'  'I  t""V 
I'.llt  uliin  lie  I'll  -r!ll^  111-  i  I.IMll  ti>  lie  a 
ii!iiil\'lri  .  '  t  ('/Ma/,  111-  -t\!i  ,il  iiiu'e  e\- 
piiiil-  Are  they  ministers  of  Christ? 
Hire  lie  i-  nut  enntenl  w  itli  a  bare  S,i  ,iiit 
I  He  lia<l  already  called  tliein  iniiiistt-is 
of  .V,i/,ni  (\er.  15)  :  and  if  tiiey.  even  on 
tiieir  iu\n  shnuinu.  have  any  cl,iiin  to  he 
considered  tnini-lers  of  Cliri^t,  lie  li.is 
nunc.  IJiit  liefiire  lie  -iivs  llii-  .iiiil  lliiis 
lannelie-i  liiinvelf  npnii  .111  ,ieei miil  ot  lii- 
career.  lie  iiiierpi  ilau I  speak  in  mad- 
ness. I'liliap-  1I11-.  like  llie  ntlur  ret'er- 
t-ncfs  to  lii-  ■•fully"  in  Imii^iini;.  i~  l.iri:' K 
ironical;  lint  it  is  po->ilile  to  sit|i|Mi-r  tli.it 
it  is  meant  nineli  ninn'  -eriiMi-I>.  1  lie 
wonN  "niiiii>ler  of  C'mist"  Ii.im'  w  -le.iil\' 
ini;  and  snh  iii'ii. my  erii  i  l.  aihl  r.inl  ti  .!- 
tli.it  it  i--  iinl  only  "iml  .-leei  inliii'-!  In  ll;i 
l.nrd"  (\er.  17)  iml  sin  er  iii  nlin I"  I'l 
I'.M-lMii,'  (lli.iiit;li  lie  i-  iliiwii  '•  '  .I'-i  l 
niaUii-  -..lered.  I  li.i\e  a  MORE  a!  'iii- 
<laiil  e'aiiii  llian  tliey  to  lie  11  ui-ii K  r<  1 1  a 
iiiiiii-i  r  III  (■liii-l:  for  ciiii^nler  uli.ii  I 
li;r.  I    -:'H'.,  i  i  .1  fm    1  li>-  v.ike. 

In  labors  more  abundantly  ili,in  tluy 
(ef.  I  I'or.  \\.  10).  If  »»pi<T(TOTip«t  he 
pre--id  in  its  ci iniparalive  nieanintj,  I'anI 
heniiii-  hy  cniitra^lins  himself  with  his  op- 
pnnenls  —  his  lalior'-  are  more  ahnmlant 
tli.in  theirs.  Already  in  the  ihird  elan-e, 
lioui'Ner.  he  lo^es  -iylit  of  tin  111 
(  e)r«p/SiX\ili'Tii.'?.  I'.f.  r.'i/!/.' .  '.  I .  .■iiid  from 
that  point  oil,  loiitiiu-  liiin-.  If  10  his  own 
career  I;  i-  iii-t  po--il.!e.  llierelore,  that 
ir»puii'iiTi(iu.'?  ha-  till'  force  of  a  superl.iti\e 
I  M  r\  aliiiinl  '!!!>  i.  The  following  reeil.il 
-h.  w-  n-  111  i\  I'llK'  ue  te.illv  know  o| 
I'anI'-  nii»--oM.ir\  oi-erienc.-.  i>..nt  t!.. 
liiHik  of    \.t-     In  prisons,  \''  ',■]'•.<: 

I  \ei-  \'  i  I  '  more  abundantly,  in 
stripes  1 .  in  m  ;ii  iu  \i  \  :  above 
measure,   in    ihi    mw-    of   death  often, 

■■  i|rli\  n  I  il    r\  I  niii  ni'    !■  1    d'  lor  Ji'-'i-' 

-.ike"  i\  II.  ill  iHiil  of  (!i  .nil  :it  llaiii.i- 
eii-    al    file  onl-el   of  lii-   ('liri-Iian  cariir 

I  \ei-  i\.  J.;  I  I.  -!  i|  .ihiio-.!  to  iliiatli  at 

I  \-lr.i  I  \iM-  \i\  I'll,  m  -ome  <Icaillv  peril 
111  '■  \-i.i  "  I  J  (  or   i   .'■i  1 

24.  25.  !  hi  L'l  rer.il  uord-  of  \er,  2\ 
are    iiou     illii-tr.ili  d    In    concrete  ilet.ail 

From  the  Jews  I  five  times  received 


till'  piiiii-linu'iit  (iiilhelid  with  ,a  h.itlur 
-eoiiryi-,  so  -iveri  th.it  ihr  virniii  --■iiir 
time-  died  iiiiiK  r  r  1  of  forty  stripes,  save 
the  one  wliii'li  I.i'rr  pr.ictiee  remiiti  d,  h -• 
hy  cliance  the  liinit  of  forty  pre-erilied  hy 
I.iw  sliotdd  he  I'xcofdoil  (Dent.  xxv.  3). 
Three  times  I  was  beaten  hy  kom.tn 
otTicials  with  rods,  as  at  I'liilippi  (Act- 
xvi.  22)  :  once  I  was  stoned,  at  I.ystra 
(Acts  xiv.  1')).  three  times  I  was  ship- 
wrecked, none  of  these  occ.i-ioii-  heinj; 
recorded  in  the  hook  of  A.  '-.  ,1-  hi-  -hip 
u  reck  on  ihc  voyaKe  to  Roine  1 1  h.  wvii. ) 
(H'ciirred  Liter,  a  full  night  and  day  <if 
i\M-iii\  four  hour-  I  spent  in  the  deep. 
I  pri  h.il ily  on  the  |ilank  of  a  -hip  which 
I  h  id  hi  1  11  wrecked,  .'is  in  .\cts  xxvii.  44. 
I  26,  27.  Ill-  i.i!--iiin.iry  joiiniiy-  were 
I  iii.iny.  ;iiid  h>  land.  :i-  hy  -e.i  (\er.  J^) 
iofiiii  .-n-r. '111)1, mil  ■!  with  ijn.it  ]h  ill,  fro.n 
-Ki'lliii  i-.\.r-.  him.iiu!-.  lie  In  journey- 
inRS  often,  in  perils  from  liirhnleiit 
rivers,  1 1 1  .1.  In  1  o;i-  to  ford  or  -uiiii;  in 
perils  from  brigands  who  mfe-ted  the 
country  roads  of  A-ia  Minor,  .and  waylaid 
tr,i\elir-.  .Men  were  as  cruel  ;i-  natiin-; 
I '.ml  w  as  in  perils  from  hi-  Jewish  kins- 
men, as  at  Damascii-;  ( .\cts  ix.  J.t>.  Jern- 
saleni  (Acts  ix  -ij)  etc.;  in  perils  from 
the  Gentiles,  as  at  I'hilippi  t.Xcts  xvi. 
jot,  Kplie-ns  ( .\cts  xix.  \i)  \  in  perils  in 
the  city,  as  ,it  Mamascns  (  \ct-  ix. 
jeru-.ilelll    I  \."-    i\     _'i)l.    I'tilii  -n-    (  Act- 

i  \i\.  ,5M  :  in  perils  in  the  wilderness  in  r 

I  li.ip-  of  Aiahi.i  I  I  i.il,  i,  \-).  hilt  iirohalily 
!  ,il-o  cl-i  \\h,  re  ;  in  perils  in  the  sea  .dready 
Kfaiihic.i'K  il!','-' I  av  il  1  \  er  _'5  )  :  in  perils 
'among  false  brethren,  niore  ternhle  than 
:he  pi  rd-  of  !!■■■  -r  1  ( iai  ii  4  ill"-tr:ili  - 
'!::-  ii'  iiil.  l!;ii"uh  Taiil'  lewi-h  riv.il-  .it 
« '••rini'i  '.\ivi  ;lh'-'r.i!ii  .'•  t-noituh.  ;.nd  in 
the  word  I  ■■'  K  I :iKi  -  a  ->d>  vl.i'-ce 
•  ''ill  In  labour  (\ii  J !  1  and  toil 
I'l-:  ■  •  ^^  !  '.!  :;iid  «ear\Mii;  -  in 
many  a  wakeful  night,  v  lu  ilu  r  kept 
awake  h'.  i  i'  _  ''\  iiiariial  1  I  lu  -  in 
Si  or  nii--ii  I'  .1' v  \i '  irk  1  \c;-  \\  71;  in 
hunger  and  thirst,  in  fastings  ( .ip|>.irently, 
in  -nch  a  context,  not  dehher.ate  Iml  m- 
volntit.iry)  often,  in  cold  and  nakedness 
or  -c.iiiiy  attire,  as  perhaps  after  ship- 
wreck. 

28.  2q.  Milt  there  was  more  than  p1iysic.il 
pi  ril  and  pain.    Even  more  th,m  the  phys' 


II  CORIXTIIIAXS.  201 


Ch.  XI] 


.'S  I!("ii(Ic  ''uxc  things  tli.it  aro  witlimt'. 
''■  ■     uili  up'Mi  Ilk'  (!ail\,  tlk-  cii.- 

-'||  \\  "  1^  \M  ak.  aiii!  I  atii  not  weak  ^ 
V  !)•!  •■■  I  'Icnilcil.  ami  1  '  Mm  iio!- 

.;o  If  I  tmi-l  iR'i'(N  i;lur>,  i  will  i;l"i y 
■  t  ilio  things  which  cotici-rn  nitiit  intim; 

.'.  u^. 

i  hf  (li'tl  ami  Father  of  otir  I-unl 


Tcsiis  Christ,  which  is  l)lf>scil  fur  cviT- 

kn.'urth  tliat  I  ho  ]u>t. 
,iJ    111    li.iini-iiis    thr    «.i\(riii>r  iitKliT 
\rrfa-  tin-  kmi:  kipt  the  city  of  ;hc  Da 
nia-i  i  111  >  witii  a  K'lrrisi >ii,  <li-siroiis  ii>  a|>- 
Iiri  lu'iul  iiu- : 

l''r.iin;Ii  a  ui^i.lmv  in  a  lia-kit 
ua-  1  ht  il.un  !i>  the  wall,  .mil  c-capi-.l 
his  hamls. 


;...l  strain  was  the  spiniiial  '  iir  iiivlvtil 
ill  niu'ca-inc;  iiitrrcst  in   •.'<>■  i-liiiii  lu  s 

1  1-  lia  l  liHindcil.  Besides  the  things  out- 
side '!iis  ill -criplii  111  ii'r  'In  !!iin.;s  \  in,li 
I  .  (.  )  is  the  thing  that  presses  upon 
me  daily,  my  anxiety  for  ALL  the 
churches.  '1  he  aiixiily  ^^tlp^il'rt)  Panl  liail 
fiT  the  chnrehes  wa^  as  te  al  a:iil  n^< 
a-  tliat  whieli  tin-  oriliiiarv  man  .;''in' 
|.  ■  i!  anil  clotliiiii;  (Mat.  \i.  .u  luwi^'V'Tirt  ) , 
K..ih  tlie  nailini;  ;mil  the  iiir.niiny  cit 
tT.tjTacTtt  ari-  (lonlitlul.  tVicJi  arujn  i,  aK.> 
•  i.iii.  \\:.ieli  might  moan,  tlu'  cl.iilv  ..'ii; 
::iiii!if'ii  ii^tiiiist  mo."  iriaTaait  ni.iy  nicm 
iiiir.  .mil  he  p.-irallol  to  "anxiety":  Imt  it 
i-  |iirhai>>  hotter  to  take  it  in  its  primary 
etymological  flieaning,  and  ronanl  it  as 
more  closely  definod  hy  tho  following 
/i(()i(ii'o:  "the  daily  pressure  npoii  me, 
n.inuly.  the  anxiety  for  all  the  churches." 
I  Ins  anxiety  is  illustrated  hy  ver.  20. 
Who  is  weak  in  f.iith  or  coiir.iKo.  and  I 
am  not  weak  in  sympathy  with  him? 
I'aiil  Iieeamr  .ill  '1:  nns  to  all  men,  for  tin- 
li'.-pil's  s.ake.  t!u'et..ri-  "  \vi  .ik  tn  llie 
wiak"  (I  fur.  i\  jj  i .  Ili-  ua--  ui>[.  for 
rx.iniple,  cuntemie 111  Ills.  Imt  eiiii-uli  i  of 
tile  sernpnloii-  lirutlu  r  wIm  euiiM  ii'ii  <  a' 
!'!'  .1!  that  lia.l  tin  n  i.lii  r,  .|  in  i.!.  1-  |  i 
'  '  Mil.  Who  is  made  to  stumble, 
and  I  do  not  burn  uiili  imiijn.nn.  -\ni- 
:.,'\aUc  iiani-  Winn  .a  I.  ! :  i ; -I  ;.in  lii..|h,T 
1-  Ml, I'll!  I  v  -in,  tlu-  ap'iviU'^  Ii.  .irt  i;|..ws 
\\  i:  ii  I '  .1    I M  m  .ami  ^!;anir  . .  f  i!. 

30,  31.  Wtso  m.  uiili  npelitiiin  uf 
iMuil  "weakiiiss"  fiiini  mt.  _vi.  li.,p 
l-il.  iiiiili.itiv  the  traiisilinn  luiuirn  tin 
priceiliiiK'  Verses  ;iml  tlmsr  win.  h  ecneliiile 
the  chapter.  Imleed  it  1-  iM^-iMr,  hut  not 
tieeessary,  to  ln}iiii.  as  sniiie  do.  a  new  sec- 
Mon  here,  in.linv;  it  ;it  \ii.  o  or  10.  I'.iul 
Is  still  snlisiantiatinj?  his  "  hoast "  hv  ro- 
eordins;  his  i  \]n  rience,  tliinii;h  the  last  in- 
I'lKnt  1!,.  i-liaptrr.  tliat  of  his  fse.ape 
ifMiii  |)un.iscn>,  .acipiires  a  cert.nn  imle- 
'  '  i-'l  nt  importaiu-e  from  -hr  suit  inn  intro- 

'  ■   •:.vv    ncc.  v.r:-!-        ■■!    ■,  •:       S-'  'I:!!: 

'■  'i.i\|   -oMi,   si-holars  f  1!  i'  t.i  rruanl 

•'  i~  liri  fa  a  .,-  I.elonRing  onlv  l..  the  inei- 
ileiit  ileseriheil  in  \  v.  tlia!  they  have 

taken  it  as  the  introduction  to  the  account 


|ot  IVinl's  1-e-iatie  visi.ii,  ju  xii.  and  re 
ju.ii'li  ;!  \i  t  Is  inserted  perhaps  hy  «.iy 
|"i  If.  i!i!..a-lii  |!nt  this  mcideiit'  may 
I  li  ne  liad  for  r. ml  ,1  Mi;nili.  anee  vsliicli  if 
je.iiinot  ha\e  for  11-,  uh..  .11.  ignorant  of 
jilie  i  iri  ■list  inees.  ami  the  ilillieiiitv  is  imt 
I  ii'sui"  i.iMr  I'l  reu.inhni;  the  sojrmii  aiiiieal 
i         ^  '  '■     ,! '    •!  ■    pi  ef.u  o  .     tile    nal T.ll  1\  r  11; 

If  boasting  is  necessary.  I  will  boast 
of  the  things  that  belong  to  my  weak- 

»!ess,  as  ;lln-t!.i;, ,!  alik.-  In  tin-  iiu-nU  iits 
la  lias  11,11  la'.. I  ,ini|  til, It  ulii.li  lu-  is  .ili,.n! 
'o  n,i!ratr  ll  u.is  n,.t  ni  In-  ..wn  -tiiaii:''! 
ilul  111  I:. hi  -nrniiaail,  ,1  all  iIh.„.  ,1,  ,,1K 
p<  111-,  it  u.is  tin  '■  yia.a  ..f  (  ,i,<|  "ill  ,,r 
XV.   10)   that  made  liiin  tlu    \i.  i..r  tli.it  he 

was.  The  God  and  Father  in.t  (,..,1 
and  the  Father ")  of  the  Lord  Jesus 
knows.  He  who  IS  (o  <^>'i  blessed  for 
ever,  that  I  am  not  lying.  Tins  verv 
solemn  api)eal  to  the  (iod  who  kii,'\s  tot 
\i  r.  II  )  comes  at  this  point  with  the  etTeot 
of  ,t  surprise;  Imt  the  meiileiit  wineh  it  is 
ilesiviiud  to  corrutiorati-  h.nl  no  ilouhi  iK 
pieiihar  siumtieaiice  for  I'.iiil  His  ,xpe 
riiiue  .at  l)amasii!s  u,i»  Ins  imli.ili..n  into 
the  s:itT,  rnii;s  .■!  i.i,  .ipost Ii-sliip  I  Ih'  a|i- 
I'l.ii  I.,  the  F.i'her  of  .'.•>■)«.  is  \,  IN  r.  U  \ ant 
ia  I  I'.  ,1  -   :l   \i  ,1  -   I ,  ir   |i  sns'  ~,ik.-  i  h,ii  ,11- 

'■■  '1  thr  •;  •:."■'   h,-  i  .  ,i!i,.':  ,  late 

I  .  f.  i\  111 

32.  33-  In  Damascus,  .ih  ,-!'  n, 
1'  T  dip!'  ana'  le  ri  .1-.  nis  1  ].,,:,  .:■[,.',  '  . 
the  K'ninaiis  1,1  .Vic',...  the  governor  un- 
der Aretas  l\  the  kin^  '  ■  \  at  a  ,:i 
Vr.ahs,  kept  guardint;  the  city  of  the 
Damascenes  I  tilt  l.isi  a  .  '  ;,,  r'a  . 
no  donlit  ,'i!  thr  uai. to  sci/e  me,  .'md 
through  a  window  nf  .1  •!!,• 
wall  I  was  let  down  in  1  basket  .  f 
wieker  work?)  by  the  wall,  and  escaped 
his  hands.  This  proh.ilily  iwinrreil  .ili.mt 
.?r  .An.  on  P/iiil's  ri'tiirn  to  Dam.isin. 
after  his  si.iourn  in  ,\ralii.i.  aiul  euiis.'. 
ipietitly  alioiit  three  ye.ars  suliseipient  to  his 
n;::',ers;i'n  i  flal  i,  1^11  i  h.  inn.',  iit  i, 
I'  ferrn!  to  ill  .Nets  i\  J.i-.>s  where.  Imw- 
i'\er,  it  is  the  Jews  who  seek  r.itil's  hie 
I'rohahly  .\retas  was  aetiii)f  on  tin-  iiisti- 
nation  of  the  Jews  who  were  miineroiis  and 


II  COKINTIIIANS. 


[Ch.  XII 


CHAl'lKR  iJ. 
It  is  not  fxindknt  f-T  me  doubtless 


!  to  glory.  1  will  come  to  visions  and  rcvc- 
,  lalions  of  the  Lord. 


,„,,v,,iul  in  DMina-.n.,    It  is  possible  that  !  and  deals   with   tlleni   m   a    ~|uru   o|  the 
'l.,„r.  ,l,d.t         il.i,  ..a-aMon   «as  inter- I  keenest  and  most  nUe11i«cm  ^^nn.itl,^  .  ^ 
,'r,„,l  !  ^  li.^  M,,,„,iuiits  as  c..«ardice.  and  l.nally.  for  their  sakes.  and  lor  ilu-  ».jke  n 
1,  „  ,1„-  iiu-.d.  1    \^as  n^.-d  to  make  him'tluir  common  1-ord.  he  is  xmHiiik  and  wkid 
Itnt  he  iiimself  IS  not  aslKi.n.d  t-  .„.inr.-  t,.  the  „ti.rm..-t.  tu  pnrMie  a 
,1.    lie  nlories  in  his  weakness,  an.l  ni   .,,r,.r  tli;U  uas  lu     i  In  r.  .r.t  inn.  ,„ril- 

his 

of 


ni  K  il  l  Ml-.     lint    le    lliii-eii  i?.  n>'i   ■,  ,  i  . 

f  1  lie  ub.ries  in  his  weakness,  an.l  ni  .  ,n..T  that  uas  lu .  In  r..ntn>n..„.  p.nK 
,  s  dehverancc  he  sees  the  uracions  ha.ul  ami  that  ome  and  a«ain  brought  Inm  lace 
..fCod.  to  face  with  death. 


This  brief,  impetn. drM-ription  v 
Paul  Ki\es  i.f  Ills  111,-  Siaiii.  V  .-.ills 
III'  the  most  vahiaMe  hiM.'ri.al  p.^rlmn  i 
tlie  New  ie-t.-munt."  It  -ii-w-  n-  li-u 
iniu-h  ni.ire  slniiivn-'  .and  uinMe  ua-  llu' 
nii-sii'iiarv  hir  •<{  I'anl  llian  <\iu  tlir  1"">K 
Ml  ,\.-|s  \\(itild  Kad  u-  I"  Mi|MiMs,-.  Il  ua- 
,T..«i|.«l  with  p.Ml  aii.l  IH  1  ■I'lon.  1h  t 
],\  ilif  n  U  nili  --  I..H-.  >  "l  nalnn--  iu  r 
si.  .rniv  sras  an.l  i.  ..inn-  runs  ,-md  by 
ihr  still  in. .re  piliKss  .and  \.ii..iii..ns  |,,rcis 
s,  t  ni  ni'.iiiin  ii>  nu  ii  l>v  bi:.;..u  .l  .lius, 
Mri  n  K..inans.  uiisin  npnl.  .11^  bri^;ancN.  ami. 
u..is;  ,1  all,  t'alsi-  bnllireil  He  points  to 
tlu  r  i\]Miu-iKes  in  vni.lieation  of  his 
,!aim  U<  lie  an  apostle  —  to  the  ihillKS  th.it 
lu  h.  :  sUtiVred  "lor  Je-us'  sake  "  ( iv.  li. 
xii.  iol.  It  takes  more  than  rhetoric  to 
iii.ike  an  aposlK  l\er.  l>K  il  t.ik.s  knowl- 
<,U,-  ot  the  mind  of  Jvsns,  le.idiiuss  and 
eapai-itv  t.i  sillier  for  the  ijospil^  s.iKt'. 

I  \:v  'pK  'nri-  lu  .!rau  -  is  oiu-  ,.l  ahn<.-t 
sii]„  i  liiiiiian  lu  r. .  -ni,  .iial  ill.-  b'  '.i--'.  I  ''• 
ulii.-l,  lu'  lia.l  :li  -n.  li  il,,! ..  .rai i.  m  an-l 
skiiiiil  irom  I  : '  |.au  .1  'lu-  u.iv.  Is  ill.  .1  e 
th.in  iiislitir.l.  Aial  liu  .r.'wn  ami  diinax 
of  a:l  Ill's  ■■  pr.  ssi.jr  ■■  wlm  li  u..iild  li.ue 
,-r:.-li,  ,1  ibc  liif  ..ill  oi  .iir.  bill  a  «iaiit. 
u.is  III,  ati\ii-i\  l..r  all  lIi'-  .■iiiin-lu-s.  A-s 
lu'  iai-.  s  the  su,.lK  n  il  ...I-.  ti  aM  rs.  s  ilie 
ro.uls  inl.-I..l  l.\  r..bl.ns.  an.l  lo.Us  al 
il.aili  .main  ami  a'.;a:n  upon  llu-  sra.  la- 
l„ar-  .\.nii.'ie  .m  In-  miuli')  heart  lb<- 
ilh.imiit  ..i  111-  ui.ik  .ual  iiiiipl.il  bn-l'ir.ii 
.iiiMiiLi  ill.  eiiinx  lics  lie  liad  i.  .nil. led.  and 
i.l,  niiii,  s  Iniii-.  ll  uitb  tluni.    Ills  an\nly 

I.  .r  tlie  eliiirelies  does  not  sw.atlow  up  liis 

v-are  for  the  individil.d  nuniliiTs  of  wlloiii 

Ilios,.  elinrelu  s  «,  re  eoiiipoM'd  ;  nay.  rather 

it  is  ihe  induidnal  Christian  lir.wlur.  m  Ins 

sirimules  and  l.ilN.  far  in.'i.-  than  tlie  or 

1-      I     .1    1.  .   ,1.  .  a  I  ."    .  i.  

).;,ii;i,".i!inn.  oi  1:   ■    •  ••• 

is  ueak.  r.inl  feels  and  shans  !iis  w.ak- 
nis"!. 

Ill  !,■  lb, 11   IS  the  k.Tii.l  ol   bis  ,1.  I,!i-e. 

II,  il,,-  111,  u  ,  llaie  of  .ill  ibi-  .  'a'lr.-h.  s  ri"  n 
his  heart,  he  loves  their  indi\idual  Tneinbirs 


Till-  I'isl.'ii  mil/        77i,.r)i  I  \ii  i-ioi. 

Ill  lliis  s,  1  11. Ml,  I'aiil  e.iniinm  s  _  Ins 
"iH.ast;"  but  lu  n-  it  takrs  tlu'  iorni  of  an 
nnn-nallv  iiitini.ilv  dis,-!.  .sure,  and  it  eoiisti- 
mi.  s  a  spKnilid  eliniax  to  the  recital  of  the 
rxpiruiiees  |iy  which  lu  vindicates  his 
elaiin  to  be  an  ai»istle.  Just  as  his  escape 
from  n.miascus  (  xi,  .tJ  f . )  may  have  ex- 
posed him  to  the  charKC  of  cowardice,  so 
liis  "revelations"  may  have  won  for  him 
the  repnt.itioii  of  beiiii;  a  visionary  of  jier- 
liaps  rather  (piestioiiable  s.inily.  Here  in 
the  most  solemn  and  deliberate  manner,  he 
claims  for  them  reality,  and  in  particnl.ir 
n-e.  lints  ,in  o\ ,  riiiasU-rins;  i  \prrunec  ubi.'li 
li.iil  bet.iM.n  bun  t.  .nit,,  ii  yi  .u  s  !.|.  .r,  , 
when  he  b.i.l  !  ■  .n  in  I'.n.i.lis.-  its,  li,  .ni.l 
had  li.  ard  wr.ls  niiiitti  r.,!  !.', 
coiiiuciid  Willi  ''lis  Is  ilu  .u'. 
I'lorii  111  his  il,  -il.  wlii,-!i  li.i.l  1"- 
.i  spiritual  ilisiijilnit,  t..  ,-lai'k 
which  tin-  vision  iniu;ht  ba\i 


1  lIlMlMll  Iv 

mil  oi  tbr 
.  n  siiii  a< 
ill,'  pri.K' 
'.Ills,  d  ;  ,aii,l 


llillIU-  w.i- 
la  tl 
.u.r  of  Clirist 
..i-t  of  till'  w  ,  aki 


III. 


st. 


lb,' 
•  ■  all 
11.- 


.casion  o|  a  Irish 
sn!ti,-ii  nt  v;i'-i''e  and 
in.iy    siirelv  then 
1  \i   ui.  xii.  'I >  wliich 
1.  ,1  I..  s..,  h  ;i  ilisplay  of  diviiii-  power.     It  is 
hilt  anotlu  r  form  of  "  f;loryittj;  in  the  Lord  " 

1.  The  I<  Nt  of  ver.  I  IS  eM  erdinuly 
confused,  bnt  the  two  ^;reat  IMh-s  are  repre- 
si  ntcd  b\  ,\.  \'.  I  MU'xairr'.u  fir)  oe  <7V(f.''iptt 
,xoi  •  c'Xd  .TOUCH -,ap  1  .and  .\.  K.  \'.  (^arxac«ot 
Rti  •  oi'  at•^i'''^pol'  flip,  tXfi  iTotiai  5t  I .  I  hi' 
confusion   IkIvm  ..  n  i^'i  ami  '"i^  iiaiiirab 

The  ipu  siiuil  is  not.  .ifter  all.  one  of  e'a  at 
importance,  .as  the  nieainiii;  is.  in  lillur 
case,  much  the  same:  i'l'il  is  '.\ .  II  awar,. 
of  the  general  iiu-xp,  .hi  ncy  ..t  boastiie.  . 
an.l  n-jnts  iis  tj,,-,s-.i\  \  K  \'.  etiipba- 
.;./..>  ratlfer  '1"'  n.  e.-s-iiy.  \.  V.  the  ri'ur.  l 
("oiisiil,  riiii;  that  Paul  lias  li,  ni  .Iriveli  !•> 
bis    Iki.-i-t    ill     s,  li  \  iinlicallon     (\rr  III, 

\  K  V  sceiiis  ni..re  i.n.b.ible,  especially 
,1^  n.'t  "lilv  llir  i.lr.i  l"  '.'Mn  th.'  phrase 

I  ■' lioastiiiK   is   necessary")    lias  occurred 


On.  XITl 


II  COKINTIHANS. 


2(»3 


1  kiuw  a  Mi;in  in  Clui'-t  al'ovf  foiir- 
t,tn  '.(.ir-  Aiio.  iwliitliir  in  the  IhhIv,  I 
vMiini'i  till;  or  ulullur  <nit  ni  tin-  IhmIv,  I 
iMiindt  Ull:   (i<"t  knuwith;)   such  ;i  ■■iiv- 

Ami  1  kmw  ■<uch  ;i  tiKiti.  (wIkiIui 


ill  tlir  l""lv.  or  out  of  the  hoily.  I  iMiinnt 
toll:  Cioil  knowith;) 

4  Il..\v  lli.it  ill-  wi-  o.L^f^li!  into 
li.ir.idwf.  ami  luafl  iiiwp.  aUal  !i-  vvril-. 
\\Uk\\  it  is  not  lawful  for  a  man  to  viM. 


1  ,  i,,rr    I  \i,    (111      \\  ii.'irv.  i    .o-iir.  n-n  lli> 
,.p|...iu-nt~  ni.,\   lia\i-  i  a.l  w  )\h  I  :;ri~t,  I'aul 
-ii,,  iiiuri'  r  "  i\:    .^i.  lu  fan  I'laiin 

1..  lia\i'  li.iil  n\i  lati.'ii-  iiom  I  Inn.  Boast- 
ing is  necessary:  it  is  not  indeed  good 
.  ;  ;,.^i.Mf'„-,  iuil  diilii^,-fiis)  citlu-r  for  inr  or 
i  f  an\  niu'  t  Nc  —  ihi  i  c  i^  tl'.f  danijiT  of 
-pirunal  piuk-  i\cr.  ;  i  ;  but  a-  niy  oii))o- 
iKiits  havf  i-otri-til  mi-  into  it  (wr  li), 
I  will  iiroiiid  furtlu  r  ati«l  come  to  visions 
and  revelations  of  1 1 .-.  \..!u  !i-ai( 'I  m.- 
In.  I  the  Lord,  i'lu'  r.  v.  !.i!i..n-  o  pi^ 
throimh  thf  MMoiis.  il  i-  li.iri'Jy  i)ro!..,l.K- 
that  tiiv^t'  \i~ions  and  rcvilalion^  win  all 
conii)risr(l  in  tin-  om-  uri.it  fNiHTunrc  lu- 
i-;  aliont  to  riconnt.  I  lu-  plural  i<-f,  vcr. 
-)  ,,1-ri'  iia'iM.illv  -iii;!;.  tli.it  lli'-y  oc 
iiirr.-.l  ni-r.  ili.m  ■  lU'-;  .ni.l  lla-  i~  I'on- 
liviiu.l   liy    Ai'^   .wni.   >)  •■■il.  ii. 

J  (  ri  vfl.itioii  ) . 

2.     Mil'  -t-ry  i-  tolil  with  a  lar'ain  '•■A- 
iinn  anil  rb\ilinia-  ninii!:'  ii.  av.il  >■  rio'i-ly 
ii:oiii;li,  r.uil  ^i>iak~  ol  limiM  lt  ni  llir  tliml  | 
|iir-. Ml.  -■.■.-l;< -tini;  that  hi^  part  in  tin- niat 
tir  U.I-  piiri'y   pa--^r>i\    It  was  as  if  thf  ^ 
ni.iu  who  t'ir.  \i.(l  th.it   nmittiTahlc  cxpt--  i 
M.nii-  i-ouiil  not  \>c  him-M-lf,  tlu-  Paul  who 
u.i^  ^o  aoutclv  conMMoits  of  hi-  wisikif-s  ' 
I  know  a  man  in  Christ;  what  la  i-  ahont  | 
to  tfli  hapin'tird  to  hint  a-  a  Chri-tian.  | 
llad  lit'  not  hiin  im  Christ,  litlicr  it 


cauuht  lip  ''  i/  'v  into  Iu  mmii.  or  whithrr 
lii>  -pint  h.id  li  ft  the  hody.  aral  lie  en- 
joyed this  atiia/in«  txperirnc<',  a--  it  were, 
in  a  ih-' nthodii  d  ^'.iii  ;  such  a  one  tlie 
iiuiii  uhoin  he  knous --caught  -wi"U 
(  dpii-a><i'ra )  up  like  I'Inhp  .itt.r  tn-  ind  r- 
\  il  w  u  all  ti  l-  .  M!'!;,  !!  I  \.  t-  \  in  .to. 
Tjpir-KTfi' I .  likr  .  hM  "t       I    woin.in  in 

Kev.  .\ii.  5  [VP^ac^vK  and  .i-  thn-r  who 
are  a!i\e  at  t'lni-t'-.  eoniini;  will  Ir  iMuiiht. 
.neiinliiiK  io  I  I  hes.  i\  17.  as  far  as  the 
third  heaven.   J.wi-h  e. .lu ■  iii' .  \.if.d 

t"  ill'  '"inihiT  of  tlir  hiM\i- 
liMniViUM  .1  'w\  •■■hi  r-  tl  irc,  ,a'i 
If  we  a'e  to  ih-tiiiL:ii:-.li  hr!v\iiii 
hr.iM  ii  Inn  .  .iml  I'  ir.iili-r  111  \ 
iili  .1    iinplii  ■'   h\    till-  i>.i-sai;e 


l!i  il  lliiTe  W'  r 


ii 


hi  ;i\  I  lls,  an 
fill  ,!S.  suKue-t 
whielt  Fattl 


1 .  .  -oinr 
-rvi-n 
the  third 
r  I.  tlu- 
1,t-.!..,M'. 
r.ir.iiliM 


ihi-  intiinte 
seemed  to 


not  have  happen 
not  ha\i  taken 
points  out  that, 
I'aiii's  ee-tatic  eXj 
the  evperietlfe  of 
l.h  K.lM^lv  The 
he.iveii  lie  tnay  will  ha  e 
Jndai-ni  in  wlneh  he  had  lui  n 
iiiit  this  partienl.ir  \i-i"n  emi 


itc  It  u 


!■.! 


at  any 
nil  it 

M-.H  to  tlu  I 
■nee  was  p.ir.ih 
inr  eonti  iiiporai  y 
.1  of  an  1 1  -'.li u'  .1-1. 


nid  I 

ludd 
l--rt 


1, 


.11 


Jew 
.i-ei  iit  to 

\w\\  the 
i-;!Ljl.t  uy. 
M  li  ni  ;is 


111  y  .lid,  i.'-f 
throii«li 
traviise. 

3,  4.  And  I  know  such  a  man  — 
whether  in  the  body  or  out  of  the  body 
I   do   not   know,   God   knoweth.    I  ho 

rhyihniie  repetition  has  a  Mdeinn  etTeef, 
as' if  the  mind  of  Paul  were  dwi  lliii«  on 
the  nnsterions  M-eiie  with  ri'M-ni  "  re-nin- 
iseenee :  hnt  pos-iMy  i'  1-  r  '  ndi  d  as 

an  iniroihietion  t^  M,.  .■.  •,  •'.  ■  that  he 
was  caught  up  into  Paradise,  t!  i-  lu  iny 
re'..;arili  il  not  a-  th.e  -.iiiie  hn!  a-  ..ii..lhrr 
.•md  lii^'i  r  I'vpei  iiniT  IVnadi-i.  orii;!- 
n.dlv  i':i  ■i:!nfi!i;-|''i'"k  of  .1  1',  ■  -mii  knii;. 
thi  ll  a  pli  .i-nri  ;  irdi  n.  ihen  'In-  hh  -fid 
.ilio.lf  of  il  e  riL'i  •(!  in  ll.nh  uliTP 
tliev  .iwait  the  n -nrrnl      ;  hi  ri-  iio  do  ht 


It  w.i-  lit,-  l.  -'il,  I  ,■  Cliri-t 
■  rr>^ 'i.;!!!  ■!  d  .1-  1'"  -oiiree  ; 
I  iniiiii,  .nil!  n  -  I'on 
hi-  li.ippi  tud  four- 
!  I  ;  1  .nid  therefore 
u  i:h  hi-  eon\ersion 
lilt  t\M  nt\  >e:irs  ho 
.  I  e  toru.  iiten  d.ay. 
low  it  hai)pened 


a  Chrisli<i>i  tn.ni 
I  \  er  1)  1  u  hi  mi  ' 
it  iMine  n|>on  .'i  ( "hri-t  i.f 
tent-  uiii  I'hri-ti.ni. 
teen  years  ago  1  1 ;  \ 

;-  111  It  t'  I  he  ei  iiiiii  i  ti  d 
w  lih  h  I'.ad  '  ■i-enrri  (1  ahi 
f.  -re  ;  !l  w  a  -  a  lu  m  r  ' 

lint   I'.m!  h.i-  I-    -l.  ,,   ., 

whether  in  liie  body  I  do  not  know,  or 
out  of  the  body  I  do  not  know.  God 
knoweth  (cf.  xi.  11.  .?i  »  Paul  is  little 
him-eif  tcf.  tlie  use  of  the  thirt!  person) 
that  he  docs  not  know  whether  he  was 


11  \\l',:t  1- 
di-e    of  Cm! 

Some  -ehi 
\  er   .'i-  ->n 
in  M-r  J. 
the   -re. ■ml 
tended  to 
-iniil.-ir  Iiiit 


...  1!  ill  R.  \    il   r  "  'hi  f.,..i 
1,1  \ olid  iIm    hiehi  -t  hi  .h  1  11 
',ir-    leL'aid    I'.iraih-e    m  lln- 
.luinon-  Willi  the  thinl  lie.iven 
It   IS  h.ird  to  -a>.  lint  perhaps 
-t.itenietit   (.iiiir/i(   iif\   is  in 
siinRe-t    a    seeond  experience. 
11.11   I. .11  higher,    lie  -aw  riAi..iii.  i\er 
I  )  and  heard  words  unutterable,  which 
it  is  not  I'V.  ful  or  possible  for  a  MAN 
to  put  into  language.    What  tlm-e  word- 
were   we   do   not    know.— perliap-.   if  we 
may  jitdce  by  Iiui-!i  .int!or\.  the  (.rai-i- 
of  'heavrldy  Vh^- -    ■■  ■  ■'         ;     ^;  I'' 
any  ca-e.  the  word-  winch  tell  li..in  cele- 
ttal     hi>-     are     nnutti  rahic     \'\  imolr.U 
tdpOpuirui)      They  riiiK  evermore  in   Paul - 
ears  .-md  in  hi-  heart;  If.     he  tnnst  not 


1 


4 

"A 

'i 


204 


II  CORINTHIANS. 


[Ch.  XII 


5  Of 
tnvM'lf  I 
firiiiiticN. 

(i    I'ur  tlimiuli 
shall  iii>t  lit'  a 
truth :  hut  ttt'w 
.should  think  of 


a  HOC  will  I  Rlnry,  yi't 
iKi!    (s'lnry.  lull    in  Uliiir 


III- 


I  «  ■  .iiM  ill  >irf  t. )  ^l'>r\ .  1 
fiol;  IT  1  wiW  >a>  llio 
1  t'orlH-ar.  U>t  any  man 
nic  altovf  tliat  which  he 


stTth  nir       I'i-.  'T  that  he  luarcth  of  me. 

;  Aiui  K>t  1  should  he  cxaltid  almvc 
Tiua>uro  thriMijjh  tin-  aliunilaiui'  "I  tin- 
rivilaliMiiN.  tluTf  was  gi\tn  to  inc  a  thorn 
in  tin-  iK'sh,  ilic  nu>-iiiKir  ot  Satan  to 
i)UlYit  nu',  list  1  slioulil  he  cxaltid  ahove 
measure. 


and  he  cannot  translate  them  into  human 
>|Kecll. 

S,  6,   On  behalf  of  such  a  one  ( roi 

ToiovTov  niasc,  not  lutit.  if,  'O'  toiovtoi', 
ver.  I    will    boast,    luiaiisc,  strictly 

speakinv;,  that  "  man."  l  aliglit  up  to  the 
htis't'il  siulils  ami  soiiiid^  of  I'araih-i.  i> 
not  Mlf  at  ail;  but  on  my  own  behalf 
I  v><ii  not  boast,  except  in  my  wmk- 
nesses.  Ihey  ari-  m>  own.  and  tlu'v  v.i\c 
diMiie  t;i,ue  lis  o|i|)ori  unit  >  l-i  nianilvsi 
i|h,1i  m!  nu  ;  linn  I'ori'.  so  tar  irom  ln'iiij; 
ashaiih'!,  I  li".i-l  ot  tluiii  I'.ml  has 
,iliiail\  i  li.iiai  !ri  i.'nl  Ins  lioa-UiiK  as 
■  iMlly  "  I \i  M,  lln-.  li.nvtMi-.  is  only 
ironii-.d  .  lu-  dors  ii.i|  nallv  wish  any  i'it 
to  lliink  ill, It  In-  1^  a  fo..l  (  \i.  i(i),  a-.d 
l!n'  Ms],  in  Ik-  li.is  iiist  rt  l.iu  d  shows  that 
lu  has  ample  uroiiiid  for  Imi.isIiiiji,  were 
111  -o  iinhiu(i.  For  if  I  desire  to  boast, 
I  should  be  no  fool,  for  I  should  be 
speaking  the  truth;  the  unadorned  truth, 
which  i'aid  coidd  speak  if  he  would,  fur- 
nishes opportunity  enough.  But  he  does 
not  wish  to  thrust  upon  tliov,-  ulioni  he 
would  convince  e\idiiui'  wlmli  it  is  he- 
yond  their  power  to  \irity;  lie  K.ives  iluin 
to  jud^e  of  limi  li\  llii-  I'Milriue  of  ttieir 
eyes  and  ears,  "riurilou  I  forbear  liir- 
tliir  ho.isiiny  .ihoiu  \i-ioii-.  rr\ .  '.ilion-.  etr  , 
lest  some  one  should  think  of  i  «<s.  in 
u/  /,')  me  beyond  what  he  sees  me 
to  In,  or  hears  from  me.  I  lure  is  a 
toiuli  of  irony  .ilioul  tin-  pirlia;.s;  tin- 
wlioli-  i-oin>c'  of  Tan!'^  \  i;i(lu':,i ion.  ;in.l. 
alioM-  .ill.  llie  niiT-sity  for  it,  su.iws  tli.it 
tluTf  w.is  little  (laiiLiiT  111  limi  ri-iii\inK 
more  tli.iii  111-  diir  iroiii  tin-  I'orintliiails. 
Kill  tlir  |irnu  ipK  is  a  s,,nnd  .and  v.ilii.ilile 
one.  ili.it  to  ,iiii\iiu'i-  nun.  w  r  must  not 
m\-.tity  tluiii.  lint  nuit  tluni  with  jiroof 
which  they  can  imderstand  and  verify. 
What  men  see  us  to  he.  or  hear  out  of 
(Mir  own  lips  (»l  iftoi),  will  after  all  he  a 
pretty  Rood  indication  of  wdiat  we  arc. 

7.  Westcott  and  llort  take  the  next 
words  "and  hy  the  exceedinK  greatness  cf 
tile  revelations "  with  the  prccedinK,  and 
put  a  period  after  them.  It  must  he  con- 
fessed that  the  connection  of  tlic  words 
with  tile  rest  of  the  senteiua-  woiiM  then 
he  neither  ohvious  nor  n.itur.d.  The  rea- 
son for  taking  the  words  thus  arises  frotii 


the  difficnltv.  if  not  iinpossihility,  of  con- 
struing them  iialinally  with  the  followiiiK 
-iiitilicc  beniunin).;.  .uioriliUK  to  MSS. 
that  are  usually  the  lust,  with  St6  Ua 
( "  1/ 7/iw  ,7(»c.  in  or<ler  that").  Some 
.MSS.  liowfMT  omit  '''o,  tlun  tlie  re.idinK 
Is  sinooili   (  llioii.yli  this  f.nt  may  possilily 

li;i\c    li.l    lo    It-    .  Mlllssioll  I  .    .ilul    tile  Mllsi' 

K  Hid  And  that  I  might  not  be  over- 
exalted  by  the  exceeding  greatness  of 
the  revelations  itlns  l.i-t  clause  Iuihk 
]il.ir((l  lii  lore  o'<i  for  enijiliaMs,  i\actly  as 
in  n  4.  Tj/i'  d-^aw-qf  iro  -,rujTe)  thjre  was 
given  to  me  hy  (iod,  who  w;r  lus  over 
till-  inleri-sts  of  the  spiiit,  and  i.'ikes  stern 
nuasines  to  relmke  spiritu.d  pride,  a  thom 
for  tile  tornu-minn  of  the  flesh,  a  mes- 
senger or  ini^;i7  ( 477*^01 )  of  SaUn,  that 
it  lor  /ic)  might  buffet  me  not  once 
(aorist)  hut  continually  tpres.)  in  order 
that  I  might  not  be  overexalted,—  a 
danner  whieh  the  apostle  must  have  very 
keenly  felt.  consj<li  ritiir  that  lu-  liei,'ins  and 
ends  his  s|i,,ri  si-nti-iue  with  tin-  nn-iition 
(if  it.  <r^o,\ol/'  is  literally  a  siuke.  and  St.iii- 
iliy  sees  111  this  a  sii!.;).;es|ioti  of  tlu-  iiyony 
I  of  impak-nu  III — "a  stake.  ;is  of  impale- 
ment, on  w  hich  I  w  rithe  like  1  iie  eriu-itied  ;" 
hut.  ;is  in  l-!/ik.  xxviii.  ^4  crho\o\^  is  nsi-d 
j  10  tr.-iiisl.'iti  "  lirirr."  .and  is  p.iralli-li  il  with 
\a/,arHa,  "thorn."  the  onlin.iry  tiaiisl.i!  ioii 
I  ni.iy  he  sali  ly  acc'  i'tc  il  Inniiineralile 
I  Hiu-sses  h.i\e  hi  i  ii  li,i/:ii  di-il  .'is  to  w  hat 
this  tliorn  w.is.  Imt  m  tlu-  iialtire  of  the 
case,  llii-  trntli  i-an  iu\i-r  he  known.  It  is 
no  ilonla  tlu-  s.inu'  iiihrmity  as  I'.in!  nfers 
to  ill  (l.il  iv.  i,?-ls.  and  tlu-re,  as  here, 
it  is  s.iiiuilimv;  th;it  tries  his  rf.-jf/i.  his 
liodily  ti.itiin-.  This  fact  retulers.  some 
t-\plaii.itions  ,if  the  thorn  impossihlc ;  it 
cannot  h.ive  heett  remorse  of  roHJii'^'iiCi'  for 
the  i)ast  in  which  he  persecuted  the  church 
(I  Cor.  XV.  9>.  nor  temptation  to  hlas- 
phetM»  or  imlu-Iief.  Nor,  though  he  has 
calknf  his  oppotients  tninisters  of  Satan 
(xi.  i.s.  cf.  aniicl  of  Satan)  can  the  thorn 
in  the  Ui-sit  well  refer  to  them,  .\pplied  to 
the  risks  to  life  and  limh.  iiieidctit  to  his 
inission;iry  e.-ireer  (  xi.  j^-jy  )  it  is  h-ss  m- 
ai)propriate.  Imt  \  rry  far  from  proli.ihle ; 
Paul  would  li.inllv  li.ivi-  lH-i;i;ed  for  a  re- 
mission of  this  kind  of  sntTering.  hesides. 
the  thorn  must  be  something  more  specific 


Vu.  XII J 


II  COHINTIIIANS. 


205 


8  For  tlii>  thing  I  bt^ouKlit  tlic  Lonl  that  the  jdwit  of  Christ  may  ro»t  upon 
thrice,  thai  it  ihikIu  ckp.irt  in  in  iiie.  iiio 

()    Anil  111'  sail!  iiiilu  nu',  uraco  is       lo     1  lu  rt  !■  in'  1  take  plia^nri'  in  tiihrmi- 

suttii-ifiit  fur  thi-i- :  lor  my  sin-iiKlh  m.idp  i  tie-,  in  i ,  |ii .  i,,,  la  >,  ni  imc-^it  u~.  ni  iKr-c- 
piTlcct   in  wi'akn..'>s.  gladly  tluTr- |  cutuins,  in  ili^trt  ^^t  ^  inr  Chriil  s  saki- .  for 

fore  will  I  rather  glory  in  my  infirmities,  |  when  I  am  weak,  then  am  I  strong. 


than    that.   Catholic   commentators  ha\'c 
been  led  by  certain  stories  of  nionk^ 
cimjecturc  that  it  was  the  temptation  in 

li  ■■1.  a  o miictiire  wlmh  iiiav  hi'  -iininiarilv 
ili-.nii>-i.il  a>  alloKi'ihrr  inapplu-ahlc  i'> 
I'aitl.  I >iinlitK>--  \M'  have  to  look  lor  iho 
thorn  in  souk-  hodily  aihiKiit.  wliuli  w.is 
apiiaritit  to  ilic  I'yi-  ((j.il.  iv.  14  I  .nul  wliu  li 
was  an  iiniKdinient  to  Paul's  .utiMly.  I'l^- 
casi'  ot  ill.  eyes  (Cl.  (ial.  iv.  13),  e.ir.iolie. 
IkmiI.icIk-.  nl•rMUl^  prosir.ilion  I'on^i'ipii  ill  on 
malarial  fcMT,  or  ]iro(IiK-i.'<l  by  liir>  colossal 
<.  \iTlioiis.  do.  lia\r  Ik'i'II  slIiIKesU-d  :  I'll! 
tliiTf  is  a  l.irj^c  li.  iil>  of  i-onip(  !■  nt  ami 
(|nilc  rfwiriit  opniion  inclined  lo  ihc  hf- 
lii  I  th.it  ilie  riliTi  iKc  is  to  iiiiKplic  sei- 
zures. I'aul  compares  the  ctTect  i'!  this 
visitation  of  the  anml  of  Sat. 111  to  that 
of  a  blow  with  the  fist  (fio\a<,''i<V  -  cf.  1 
Cor.  iv.  II,  Mat.  xxvi.  0").  What.  " 
asks  Bousset.  "  is  the  usual  elTect  of  such 
a  blow?  If  it  lie  violent,  the  person  struck 
sinks  to  the  .uio'ind.  Tliat  lluii  was  a 
fiatnre  of  r-iul's  inlirinily.  ilua  lie  .sud- 
denly sank  to  the  ground  as  if  stniiteii 
by  an  invisible  stroke."  It  was  as  if  sonir 
<leinoniac  power,  an  ;iiij;el  of  Satan,  who 
si'iids  intirinities  iijioii  morial--  il.nke  xin 
Id.  J.'l)  11.  51.  had  s'rnck  hun  to  the 
^;romid.  'I  lie  tlieory  "|  epilepsy.  i1iimil;Ii  1! 
Ii.is  tniieh  to  lee.  iinnu  nd  ii,  is  not  witlio  :; 
<!iriiciiltU's.  I'ri'lessDr  1  leiiney.  who  admits 
llial  "there  is  no  rehuioiis  mierrsi  in 
;iltirniiiii,'  or  denying  any  physical  i\pl.in.i 
tiou  of  tile  m.iller  ull.ilever."  \et  points 
out  tli.it  "  I'pileptic  attacks,  jf  ilu  y  occur 
'.silii  ."iiy  frei|iu'ncy  at  all.  iin.iriaMv  ■■.lUse 
llieiil.il  diterior.il ion."  whereas  the  epi-lles 
are  evidence  lliat  I'.ir.i  s  mmd  wri  w  \e;ir 
afler  year  in  the  apprelieiiMoii  of  the  Chris- 
tian rcvelaiion  rr"fess,,r  I'indlay  I  Ci'ii/ii- 
^luiij.  i>.  <j()l  e\en  ^;oes  so  far  as  lo  say: 
"To  call  him  ctHt't''^'  i^*  :i  ealnmiiy.  N'o 
man  so  diseased  could  have  gone  thrnni;li 
the  .■\pt)slle's  labors,  or  written  these  epis- 
tles." Meinrici  makes  another  important 
objection:  "Mow  the  Cialati.'ms  ronld  ever 
have  brought  themselves  to  welcome  an 
epileptic  "as  an  angel  of  dod.  ,is  t  hri-l 
Jesus'  (Gal.  iv  14)  is  hard  to  understand, 
when  we  consider  that  in  the  ancient  world 
the  Jews  reuarded  it  as  possession,  the 
Greeks  and  Romans  as  a  special  pmiisli 
tnent  of  Gwl."   On  a  question  for  which 


the  evidence  is  so  nie.igre,  dogmatism 
uould  Im:  uiappropri.ile 

8,  9.  Ilortexer  igtior.iiu  v\e  may  be  of 
the  iMinrr  ..|  I', ids  inlinnily.  \\<-  know 
.11  le.ist  )t,  -|eii!,i.il  value.  ,\l  lirsi  it 
seemed  indeed  to  he  an  uni|tialiru  il  im- 
peilinieiii  lo  Piiiil's  aciivitv  :  so  innch  so 
that  for  this  1,111.,,  ,'  r  •  .s,).',;;i  ■  m.isc  r.itlier 
ihail  lu  ut  .  hi  1,1':-.  ,.i  ilu  u,.ids  "  dejiart 
from  n  ,  '  I  I  besought  the  Lord,  ih.ii  is 
.ippai  V  nlly  c  1.1  1  w  ,  o  I  n,  .1  .  .lu  e  .ir 
mice  li;ii  three  times,  a-  iim  .hisa,!  e.nne 
the  til-!  •  .1  t'.ie  se,-oiid,  that  he  might 

depart  from  me,  as  S.itan.  his  m.ister,  di 
p.irled    I  -.mil    word    dnmr-q  1     fii,ni  JesUs 
.ifler  Ills  leinpi.inon   i  l.iike  i\     i,(t  And 

at  last  He  gave  me  His  eM  il  i-iuiL;  an- 
swer. The  perfect  here  «ip')^el'  .ippe.irs  in 
be  suggesti\e;  "He  spoke  the  word,  ami 
that  Word  remains,  and  will  nniani  for 
e\er."  "My  grace  is  sufficient  for  thee," 
elertially  stilVicient  (pres.  dpAn  I .  Thiitl 
dost  need  vn  more  ih.iii  my  grace,  "'Che 
Lord  .IS  It  were  |miI  llu  se  worils  into  I'anl\ 
month."  says  |leii;;el,  "ili.it  follovviiiK  lluni 
up  he  tni^iit  say:  ()  l.onl,  Ihy  Kr.ic  is 
siit'licunt  for  me""  r.iiil  pr.iys  x,,  the  Lord 
;is  to  a  li\ini[  IVrson  w  :h  whom  he  has 
iiilercoiirse  icf,  \er.  11  .iiitl  Is  conscious  of 
I'lim;  .in-ueie.|  li\   linn     l|,i\\  the  .iiisuer 


■.line,  he  li 


le 


t! 


show 


.'s 


ilia;  to  ■[   w  ,    i,-,l     For  strength 

is  being  perfected  in  weakness,  it  mani 

ilvs's  u-iii  nio-i  ale.nidaM'!;,  iina.'inyly. 

i  w  in  n    It    ■•per.:l.  s    III    till-    el,  Ml,  lit    of  ( 
!we,ikiHss.     Ihe  gi  ill  r.il  form  of  the  st.ite 
!  nieiii  I--  siiperioi  I,,  the  s|„.,;tic  form  with 

.  f'Or     i    !/',_  s'u  llUlll  ;     s,,     .\      \'    1.    !!l,,||i;|l  tlu 

'specific   f,,rm   is  e,,rnei   :is  .m  mterpreta 
I  lion.     I'.iiil  w.is  eonsei,.Ms  ili.it  the  stri  ni;th 
in  which  he  overcinu   was  from  .aho\e:  it 
!  was  his  weakness  ih.it  gavi'  it  its  oppor- 
'  timity  tn  manifest  .and  de\<-h'p  itself, 

9,  10.  If  ueakne-s  tliiis  gives  gr.ice  its 
opportimily,  one  may  surel\  he  well  con 
tent  with  his  we;ikness.  Rather,  then, 
'than  pr.iv  to  have  the  thorn  removed,  will 
I  boast  in  my  WEAKNESS  tcf  \i  ^n^ 
in  order  that  the  POWER  —  pr:ictic,dlv 
the  same  as  ilu'  i;/,/,',-  of  Christ  mtky 
tabernacle  upon  me,  em , -m;,  1  -u  j  me 
"  TIk'  image  is  that  ,.f  tin-  s;!,,       ,  ,1, 

the  glory  which  \\.i-  ilu-  sw;,,,.]  ,,( 
the  Hivine  presence  i;i  (he  Holy  of  Holies, 


II  COKINTHIAXS. 


H'li.  XII 


ili-iiiiilinw  iip"ii  till'  faiiliful.  cf.  John  i.  14, 
Kcv.  15.  J."  U'triw'^'l*-  Where- 
fore, ciiiiMiniis  a«i  I  am  of  haviiiK  my 
wraknr>s  >tr<.nj;tliviutl  liy  Chri>t,  I  am 
well  content,  for  Christ's  sake,  with 
weaknesses,  whicli  he  ftirthir  p:iiiK-iil,iri/<  ^ 
—  with  insults,  with  tlic  van.in^  hard- 
ships  to   which    I    am   /.'K  .  i/    ( al■a->^<u^  1, 

with  persecutions  and  ilif  distresses  uuh 

no  -riuiinv;  1  \ii  i.t  i-, .  l"  wlmh  lh<\ 
udii.i  iiK .  For  'vhen  iii\-<  !i  I  am 
weak,  tht  ii  I  am  strong  m  the  inipaitiil 
sirciiKtli  oj  Lliri^t. 

I  he  n  Imi'Mi-  '^n  ..tiu~>  uf  I'aiil  i-  ti"- 
whi  ii-  iiii'u  1 1  iii^jiK  U' •U-.  th.in  m  thi^  ac- 
ff.niit  <i|  his  lii'Mn  in  ihi  lU -h.  ni.ir\ ehms 
ahki-  m  11-  <Mii>l"r.  it-'  (Kptii.  an4  lis  sim- 
links  It  to  the  Mory 
1.1  hi-  he.ilitie  M-Mii.  Iwiee  lie  ^ays  that 
tlu  liicin.  whieh  is  a  "gilt"  of  GoJ 
(„"i,)(/r,i.  uas  Milt  to  (Uhver  him  from  the 
temptation  to  spiritual  priile.  One  who  has 
cnio\eil  Mich  rapture  is  in  peril,  unless  he 
receives  continual  hulfetinn  ^Ko\a^:>^iv. 
pre-.).  He  <li«l  Hot  see  his  sutTermg  al 
tir-t  in  that  huhf.  tlii-  iiUeriireialion  only 
conies  to  llim  after  his  pra\ei  lias  hei  11 
aii-wireil  h>  luiiiL'  reliisid,  I'.iit  it  i-  an 
ir.ter|iri  talinii  uliich  show-  hmv  wi  ll  I'anl 
muhrstooil  the  siihlle  temptations  to  priile 
that  are  apt  ti>  accoiiipaiiy  iiiiii|  le  s|)intn;il 
jjitts  and  i-Nperii  nci  '.  I'lie  vi-ioii  iienl-  tlie 
th.TU,  ,  . 

(  >n  the  n  l.itii'ii  of  ihr  thorn  to  tlie  vi-1011 
I'miis-,!  li.is  s.>nie  sni;i;i-!i\ e  run, irks. 
ih.Mmh  i.-i   .'11   the  a-sninpli.'ii  lhat 

r.,nrs  intirnu:'.  u.i-  ol  an  epihplic  11a- 
ti.re.  •■One  c, 11111.  1  tail  10  ri cruise  that 
uhat  I'anl  hue  r.  lau  -  of  his  inliniiity  .md 
wliai  hi  has  luUl  li.  lore  of  his  visions  ami 
r. \il aii.iiis.  have  an  inner  ciniiieetii>n  with 
i.n.  an..ilur.  which  the  aposile  may  '.ave 
ni..-..nseioiislv  felt,  when  he  init  tluni  hotli 
t.  i;ether  \Ve  may  then  suppo-,-  that  the 
entire  visionary,  ecstatic  peculiarity  ot 
I'aiil,  as  it  appears  lu  re  and  in  otiu  r 
places,  had  its  hasis  in  tariie  measure  111 
his  patlii>loi;ie:il  disjiositi.  .11.  We  may  >  ven 
Inlieve  that  Tanl's  \iM..n-.  and  revelallons 
ui-re  often  iinim  .hal.  1\  cniucUil  xMlh  the 
epil.ptic   att,icks.     In  h.^Mv-   of  hi- 

hfe^^n.nv    lie   s,,\\  -i-iil-.    an. I 

luard  llie  lirai-e-  .  f  1 '.ir.,.l: -r.  an.l_a..;ani 
h:-  111!  hniis.-lf  sMT.k  with  llle  t"i-t  hv 
th.-  an.^.l  of  Saian."  Wluth.r  tlic  cn- 
,i,  ,  ti..n  tueeii  the  Msi.'ii  an.l  the  thorn 
Ih'  s.>  ini'.inite  or  not.  at  anv  rate  it  is 
e.  it.nn  t!i:it  hv  -oiiu'  chronic  and  ih-ir.  s,inu 
ailment  raid's  activity  was  s.  rioiislv  h.ini 
pereil-  and  hoth  his  missionary  career  ami 


his  relijiions  serenity  hecoine  all  th.'  iii.'re 
wniidertiil  uh.ii  «e  consider  ihi-  ].h)-a,il 
li:indicap,  1  Ir  th..;iKht  he  coiiM  ha\i  .l..ne 
more  l..r  Hi-  .Nhi-ier.  ha<l  tli.  han.h.Mp 
h<  1  11  removed,  .-ind  he  lir.ivid  i..i  its  r. 
iiioval.    "It    nni^lil    have    s>  ■  iiud    at  the 


( ( 


time  to  all,"  s.iv-  Stanley 
5'«)  I,  "  as  1'  (li.l  on  ihi-  occa-i 
I'.iiil  hnn-ell.  ih.il  the  cause  oi 
vv..nld    h.iM-    h.iii    h.ti.r    s,rv..h  I 
hi  I  11  r.  h.  vi  .l  ir.iin  hi-  inrnnnlv  .an 
l.irlh  to  pr.  a.  h  an.l  t.  .1.  h  wiili  111 
\  ijjc  (f  of  h.  "iv  ami  nuii'l.  hi- 
-tr..iiv;.   Ills   >p.(eh  ini..;lity 


nilhiiiiis 
.n  -..in  t.' 
ihe  (.,.-p>l 


h. 

l;i  >ne 
iinhr.  .ken 
loihlv  prcsriiec 
an.l  powerful. 


r.nt  lii-'ory  has  answered  the  iinestioii 
otherwi-e.  -iiid  has  ratilied  the  Divine  an- 
swer, in  vvliicli  the  Apostle  .icciuiesccd." 
It  is  nolhiiiK  less  than  wonderful  to  see 
how,  vexed  with  this  sorrow  .mil  pain, 
whatever  it  was.  he  cheerfullv  eii. hired  the 
colossal  liar.Miiiis  of  uhich  he  ha-  PiM  iis 
in  the  iirice.liiii.;  chapi.  r.  an.l  111. urd  ahoiit 
thu  world,  plaiilin'.;  cluirclu-  and  pre.ichiiiK 
the  gospel  everv  where.  If  his  iiitiriiiily 
was  a  fact  —  ami  we  have  Ins  ..wii  intense 
;iiid  threefold  praver  in  evuKiua'  ..f  lhat 
—  tlie  urace  whn  ii  t.alu  rn.icli  .1  up.. 11  him 
inii-t  I;a\.'  h.  .11  an  inliint.  ;v  yre.iler  fact: 
f.ir  it  inaile  l.nn  11. .1  ..nly  emit.  11!  aini.l  ilis 
tre-sj-s  ami  p.-r-i  I'lit  1.  .n-  iii;n:ii..l.l,  hut  it 
made  him  str..n..;  to  d. .  p.  rli.i;.-  the  iiiiji'.t 
iirst  .aiid  ni..s|  farrtachn;L:  w  tk  for  (iod 
tll.at  lii..ital  man  has  ever  il..ne. 

.\ii  I'lur.  st 111;;  i|\u'stion  is  raisi-d  hy  this 
'pas-aye   |..iichiiit;  prayer  to  Christ.  Tlw 
I /.,.»./.   whom    Paul  entreated  for  the  re- 
moval of  the  thorn,  mivtlit  well  he  ("lod  ; 
hut  the  context  seems   to  he  de.  i-ive  in 
favor  of  Christ.    ".My  {jrace  i-  -uihcieiit 


for  thee 
We.aklU'ss 
pi  av  el 
theref.  're 
ne-ses.  il 
Upon  me 
ill 


th.  . 


;   f'lr   power  is   made   jiertect  in 
"    That    is    the    answer    to  the 
r.inl     L'oes     on:    '".Most  gladly 
uill  I  ratlicr  glory  in  my  weak- 

lat  the  ("'''■'•'''        '  tii.ay  n'-t 

."  It  is  inii"'--iMe  not  P  h.  .ir 
vv.>rd-  an  i  cli..  of  llie  ;in-u  i  i  :  111 


that  ca-.'.  the  ,an-u 
('hrt-t.   anil  ihe 
Chri 
It 


r  inii-i  h;ive  e.  .in.'  ir. 

Ill  ilir.cte.l 


Ihr. 


.1 


pr:iyer 
pr:iv.r 


.111 
1. 1 


IV.  r 


it 


..f  I'anl  '..r  the 
h'^rti  n.-if-rallv  re.-al!-  l!'.- 
.if  J.  -11-  in  I  ieth-.  inane 
..f  the  ci,))  (  .Mat.  wvi. 
ih.'  prof. iiiiide-i  nliuioiis 
iinportanci-  to  note  that,  ill 
eii-e.  ii'-iiher  of  ilii  -i  prayers 
w.ls  aiiswen-ii  I'he  cup  had  to  ho  drained 
t.)  tlu'  ilreus— "My  Hod,  why  hast  Thon 
f.  irsak.n  lue?"— and  the  thnrn  was  not 
removeii  But  it  is  of  efpial  interest  and 
importance  to  note  that,  in  the  profouiidest 


I  eni.  'V  ai 
thn-.  t'  'M 
•..!-  tlu- 

44  "I 

'iiten--1 
the  ordii 


.it 
1' 

r.ni. 

is 
and 
arv 


('II.  XI 1] 


II  CORINTIIIAXS. 


J()7 


II  I  ;mi  l><.oiitiu-  a  inn]  in  uliiryiiiK:  >'" 
h::\c  cntiiiii'lUil  nil-:  ii<r  1  oiikIu  I">  !ia\< 
liiiii  cimimriiiliil  of  >>iii:  for  in  noilnm: 
.1111  I  l>i'Iiinil  ihc  very  cliuffst  aii<wtlt~. 
tlii'Meli  I  lie  iV'tliin};. 

IJ  Tnil'i  il'r  -lun-  "f  :iTi  :ii"i-ilr  u<r. 
wronglu  .illl^ni:  mhi  in  a'l  p.i'nM.x,  111 
>inti'».  an'!  vvu'lir--,  ami  iiiiui.t> 

1,^     I'l'T    wll.lt    1-    It    wlurilll    \r    u.'.  i!l 

fiMinr  to  ntlur  cliiirclu>,  iMiid  it  th.il 


I  ni\>tl(  was  nut  Iiiinli ii-i'im*  >>'ii.' 

«i\c  inc  till--  V.  ronj;. 

l.i    I'.fli'.!!.  till    tliinl  ntiir  I  am  ri' 
.  ,-.  line  ;  .  \  ■■;  ;  ..lii i  I      ill  i  '    !■  i^i 

.1111-    !•!   >  •  'U  ;    I"'    1    ^'  '  i.    M"'    >  . 

\-'-:.  I'.'T  tin-  cliililnn  ..ni;!it  imI  Ii>  l.i\ 

t  r  il  l-  i>arciil-.  tnit  tlie  jiarnil-i  fur 

>  •  i''!i '11. 

I  ;  \rii!  I  u  ill  s ,  r\  l  '.I'IK  -|m  ri.i  ,in. 
-lu  lll  Iiii  M'l!,  •!'i'"-h  iri'.n    alntiiii  i 

1  \"S<-  \"ii.  ilif  li  —  I  1m  1"m  <1 


|..r- 

a.lv 
1. 11 

l.iit 
ii|) 

the 

1 


■.iii-e,  tli'i^i  [iravets  were  l"it!l  an»\\ereil. 
i  hi'  will  ol  Goil  w  a»  ilone.  \\  itll  tine 
iiiMKlit,  the  atuliur  of  the  K|ii^ile  to  the 
llehrcws  remark*  that  Jes\is  in  the  ilay> 
of  His  flesh.  lia\int:  otTereil  np  prayer- 
and  suiiplieatii'ii-  wilh  strnnu  ir>in-  hhI 
tears  until  lliin  that  wa>  aliK  M  ~i'.  e 
11  111'  from  death.  :e,/.<  lujnl  \"r  II i-  k  ^Wv 
l.ar;"  and  I'anl  wa-  -trenyil'.eiu d  li> 
the  sr.aee  of  t'liri^l  iIkiI  In-  aenialK  Iiariml 
to  nlory  in  hi^  weakiie-^,  heeau^i-  iii  it  lie 
was  eoiiM'iiiii-  tli.it  the  power  of  Chri-t 
rtMe.l  iipop  him."  (Sec  my  I'luyfrs 
the  liibli.  p.  lot  ). 


The  Sii^iis  >i  an  Apostle  1  xii.  n-i.?>. 

II-I2.  IViiil'-  (1. ill' 'rate  viinlu-atioii  of 
his  ap"-;"!u-  aii!li"n!y  i'-  iliawiiii;  to  a 
(l">e.  lie  ileepU  rii:ret-~  ils  iuee~-it>.  In 
sprte  of  ver,  (),  it  i-  m  ri  ality  /.niy.  l" 
whiel;  no  \M>e  man  wonld  willingly  -lo.'p. 
l.Mt  he  ha-  heon  </n.v«  to  it.  I  HAVE  be- 
come a  fool  (emphasis  on  the  verhi,  Imt 
it  ia  YOU  <<>»'«>  who  have  coinpelled 
me  to  it.  For,  instead  of  1" mi;  i  i'"!, 
as  I  have  heen.  to  eomnunl  mv  '  I 
ought  to  have  been  commended  wi;li'>ut 
er.i^ini;  {avfiaTaaOai,  ['irs  inf.  n"t  a"r.> 
by  YOU.  I  h.ivc  tlie  1"  >i  "I  r,  j-'ii-;  for 
I  was  in  no  respect  inferior  to  the  pre- 
eminent apostles  I  llie  !..i<Kr-  a-O'-ri'  '  I- 
Jndai/iiiK '■l'l""i"ii^.  though,  as 

a  matter  of  fact  loi'.Vi'  n,,.  mi''^"  i  I  am 
nothing-  it  i-  "iily  hy  tlir  •jr.icr  "t  <""1 
.!       I  i    .iMi    I  1    (■";-    w  'it'. 

The  signs  indeed  of    =  ■  w  •  '  .  ••  '  •  • 
~)'l.  r"l   an   apostle   were    wrought  -  I'v 
liiiiiMlf.  of  eolirs.'.  I'lit  t  v  i'  '    11-'  "1 
i,-.--iv,.  !..•  h":n».!\    .nl  ''-   !  i-  ■■■An 

'..n  V.-:';.' 

among  you  m  all  manner  of  steadiast 
endurance.  .!.-i.m,'  iati'.;!i.-  and  opi>"-iii''n. 
by  iiiira.l.-.  uliieli  I'aii!  lure  'l''-enhes 
iiikI'T  three  a-pert-.  signs,  a-  acts  ,.f  spir- 
itual .vK»iti.,iiu.\  and  wonders  that  ean- 
I  l  l  !"  arre-t  i-onventi"na1  eyes,  and 
mighty  works,  literally  C^'-^''''^'-  ^'i'*"'! 


ihe  ni.iiiife-iatioii-  ,.f  ,i  liii;li''r  p.'W.r  imt 
i)>         clee'l-  "I  -iniilli.  Ill'  '  .  .|>''!-  "I  W'lii 
»!er,  dieil-  of  p"tti  l  "   I  \l.i--ii  1  .Xii'ird 
inij  to  I  t^'T    l\    I.  -•.  ill'    e"ii' lii-ive  -ik;n 
"f  an  apo-lle  i-  In-   -'uee--     lure,  as  m 
R"iir   \v.   10  lef    .\ei-   \v     i i .   I'l'il  .ip 
I"  .iK  t'l  11111. n'l'  -  a-  -ie.ii-     \\  I'.it  iiiii.u  K  - 
lie  prrl"rii!.  il  .1'  ('"lilil!    u.-  d"  ii"'  kii"W  ; 
liiit  we  iii.i\  p'  lli.ii'--  ."ii-i'!'i  .1-  ixi'i'.il  "I 
till  -'■.  tile  ln.iliiiK  "I  Ml''  l.iiiii  m  ill  i'  1  \  -fa 
I  A> :  -  M  \ ,      io ;  ef  m •v    1 1 ,  \  \  r  I  .  \  \ \  iii. 
i  (ii      / ',)  'Vii.  i'.  A.'.  ,•'/' i  v/ii.-a  v.  1-  11"!  luTe 
ii-ill  .1  -i'jii.  I''i!  t! '■  .ii  iiu  iit.  llie  -pinlual 
.i!ni"^|i!;it'-     111     wM'ti     the     -itii-  were 
U  I  ■  • : :  U 1 : ! 

13.  For  what  is  there  in  which  you 
were  slighted  in  comparison  with  (lit 
"  ma'le     inferior     lieyond")     the  other 
churches  unless  lit  be)  that  I  in  my 
own  person  1  avrbt  <'-,w  >  did  not  lie  like  a 
benumbing  weight  upon  you  ( *ar«Kap\^<ra, 
wril   and   iliiii'.;   -.ime    a-   111    m    'it  hv 
ilifwinu  the   wiikIh   cf   iiiv   11;  1  iiii<  iiaiioe 
i'|i..n  \inr-    Thi-  ili-iMi.  II'  11  «!;i>  Ii  11'  i'4'ii 
f'Tr.  'l    iip"n    till-    I '"••in'i!!  Ill    ,!"ii  '!i  .t 
pr'iol  of  hi-  "  iii'ir.'  .il'  '!!'l.ir(t  1".'      U'  f 
I5I  --he   -aria  -i.  alK    .l^   ■  '  I  •  -    a-   an  iii 
jtlSti,  i\    I' T    u  !ia!i.    Willi    I        ■     •!  '  ai.  .  Il'- 

pray-  t"  he  for«i\eii.  Forgive  me  this 
injustice. 

I i!di.:<iiii!t  l\\'fUi{i'iti  -ii  '••■  //;.•  .Vi(->r  .  of 
i'uutihiU-nl   l>,;iiiii::    (mi     i.|  iH>. 

14,  15.    r.iiil  ha-  II"  111"!.'  iiitiiili'in  of 

I.  'ir'leiiiim  ill.  Ill  wrli  In-  -upp'Tt  111  the 
1  'PT''     tll.lll     la-     lais     d"ll'-     111     till-  p.l-l 

See!— a  \ivi.I  app'-.il  -  -  this  is  the  third 
time  that  I  am  ready  to  come  to  you. 

I  he  woiils  verv  pr"l'al.lv  1  .1  \iii  I K 
thoii^jh  of  them-elve-  ii"t  ii.  e.--.iril\.  imply 

II,  .t   only   that    he   i-    in    '■    •'"■--    '■   -  ^ 
third  lime,  lint  that  hi-  i  ■  -'  '  '  ' 
third  time  -   in  I'th.  r   'a-  •  '  ■ 
heen  ill  ('"!■•"!'   "M"   a!'   '  '  .  and  I  will 
not  be  a  burden  ■     %    :.  for  it  is  not 
yours,  but  YOU.  that  I  seek     not  y  nr 

i  money  or  \oiir  help.  Init  ymir  -onls  ivt  r. 


2ft8 


11  CORINTHIANS. 


[Cii.  XII 


I'l    I'.iit  111-  it  so,  I  ili'l  ii"t  hurtlfii  Villi  :j 
luM nil.  Ii^s.  Mnn  crafty.  I  caught  yi'H 
Willi  ^iinlf. 

17  Kiel  I  tiKikf  a  viain  yim  by  any  <>f 
till  111  u  l!'  'til  I  ~rnt  nut'  >  yni  ' 

iH  I  i|(  -in  i|  I  ititv.  ;mil  \Mtli  him  I  «»'!it 
a  liriitlu  r.    Did  I  iliis  ttiakc  a 


j  \v.ilk-  <|  wi-  iMt  in  till'  ^.inif  -|itrit^  wilk-i-d 
;>  r  iH't   111  tile  -aiiif  >l(  p^ ' 

in    Anaiii.  iliiiik  \i-  lli.il  ur  <m'ii-c  mir 
siIm  s  mil"  >iiii?  wi-  «|Kak  lnl'iprr  (m"!  in 
C'liri>l  ;  liiit         il,<  all  tilings,  iKarly  1k  - 
l<>vf«l.  for  your  edifying. 


i;l.     >niir  •-.ilv.iliiiii  (I  ("'T.  ix   jj  '      I  In- 
I     iniliijii^   wi-ic  lii>   "lnli'Mil  iliiMrui. 
anil  111  ,  ,i~  llii  ir  spiriiual  lallu  r  11  I  "r.  u 
14.  i~i  will  I  ■  iliiiii  ilir  1111-1  lli-li  ami 

s.  ilaiiMii-  H  i;, ml  iliat  a  lallu  r  -Im-u-  In 
In-  iliililnii.  111-  ilii^\  anil  lUliiilil  luini: 
I  ,ii  1;,  r  111  |ii ,  ,\  i.j,-  |.  .r  lib  in  'liaii  in  lir 
1,,,.M.1,,|  1.1  \-\  il  .pi  for  the  children 
ought  not  to  lay  up  for  the  parents, 

llliilll^l)    llli-    iif    iiilll-f.    1-    111'!    lIU'.llll  ti> 

lUiu  iilial  ..lilinaiiiiii  -  but  the  parents 
for  the  children,  r.nil,  lunvivir.  like  tin- 
v;iiMil  lallu  r  I  hat  III'  is,  <IfH's  itioro  lliaii 
Ajv  lit  I'i""  I'l'il'Iri'M ;  hr  siiciitl>.  and  hr 
^|.Viid>  liim.ulf  iitltrly  t'lr  tliini  and 

ilifir  s|iiriiital  wt'ltaro.  And  I  for  my 
part  (»■>">.  "•<>  far  from  luirdi  ninv:  v  ' 
Willi  iny  siippnrt,  will  most  gladly  spend 
all  iliat'  I  lia\.-.  and  be  myself  spent  to 
the  uttermost  for  your  soiils.    I  ln    1  1- 

l  ui!:u  lU  '  i  laiiM's  (  ti  Milmt;  o">oirui.  /  /,-,•,■  1 
.II  I-  I'l  -I  '.iIm  11  a-  an  iiuK  pi  tidi'iil  -i  iili  iu  i- 
(  M,  \.  K  V  \\  ,  -i.  ..tt  and  il"ri  1,  m  l 
iii.iilim  1  ^..■i',  /  ;  r.  I  a-  a  r'-mlit  n 'ii.d 
-rill,  w.  r  a;«]i;  1  ,!  |.  ■  'l,i-  |il  rn  diliL;  I  -u  ill 
ihc  inaai  A  \  1  I  In  la!U  r  nu  aniiiu' 
wmild  111',  "ll.  Imiiit;  \i>ii  tlir  iiinn .  1  am 
|.\ii|  till-  ll--.  I  "ill  ml  an. I  Ir  -pint 
i..r  Mm  -'"'I-,  i!  ll  1-.  uniil  tin  hik'  rcla 
!iiin-!i:p  luiiMiii  r.-  1-  i--alili-liril."  I'ln- 
-1  nil-  -'iliiij.  llir  niianiMi;  ihrrrtnrc  ]iri«l) 
,iM\  I-  -ininU  ;  if  I  love  you  the  more, 
am  I  loved  the  less? — i'^  tins  malici-  and 
ini;ra!itiiiU-  tin-  ntiini  fnf  the  more  alum- 
daiit  lii\c  I  laviilud  ttpmi  ymi? 

16-18.    Paul    iu\t    dial-    with    tin-  1111 
worlliy  -ii-|>ii-ii 111,  wliiidi  clearly  had  hi  •  n 
voiced,   lliat.    tli.iii'.'h   In-   own    hand-  an- 
dean,  hi   1:  ;-  \.I.  r,:"':j!i  !  l-  a'-;etn-.  llellM  d 
hiin-r'i        :!a    ■     '     '  '  «!  uli  they  ll.ld 

had  eli.Mue  Granted  i  lit.  " -n  /•.■  ;/i.  >.at 
-ay.  that  I  did  not  personally  lowi 
weight  you  down  \\:',!i  tlie  l.iv  !,  n  !•!  ii's- 
Mipport.  but  like  the  crafty  man  that  I 
am  (iTapxa'i  i  I  caught  you  by  cunning 


di-cl.iini-  111  u  .' 1  -niirni.;  iii\  iii.l- 
thrnnyh  niv  aueii!-  Tin-  I'.i-i  ili.iii;e  111. ly 
he  ea-ilv  n  iiiii  d  hv  a  -tniple  appi  d  I"  l.u't 
(  )ll  am  pie\  ;.ai-  inra-H'ii  I'aid  ll.iil  110 
dmilit  treii'iiiitly  had  .  n-i  .i-iiiii  t"  e.'in- 
niiiiiuMie  '!iii-  wuli  the  iinp.iri.iiit  .and 
turbulent  (.  urinili  —  did  I  take  advantage 


of  you  (cf  vii  J  I  by  any  of  those  whom 

I  have  sent  1  tiiroOTtX.Xw  iii..re  -.Miniii.  i.r 
at  li.i-l   ii  riii.d.  liian  »<wira',  i\.  _t  1  to  you. 

run  i,  irrei.ul.ir.  win  11  I'.iiil  wt'  le  it.  he 
lll.iv    li.ne    ililiiiiled    In    inllow    It    lip  Willi 

-nine  mlii  r  M  rl)  ill. ill  •ir.\»o>'<ATij(Tn.  I  ex- 
horted Titus  I  1  en  nil  ,  .1  ini--i  '11.  and, 
taking  precaiilion-  -iiinl.ir  In  tlm-e  de- 
-iTilicd  111  viii.  iS-jj.  sent  along  with 
him  the  brother.  pnN-ihly  the  hroilur  nu-n- 
tiiiiK-i!  in  \iii.  jj.  ihotigh  ihc  rffcnnco  is 
of  coiirso  to  some  previous  mission  — 
Ixrliaps  that  from  which  Titus  returned 
with  Ins  ria--iiriiig  news  of  the  L'oriii- 
tliiaiis  I  vii.  (iiT. ).  Did  Titus  take  any 
advantage  of  you?  a-ks  Paul  iiidiunantly. 
Surely  imt.  And  l  itii-  was  r.-i  d's  eiivny, 
aeiaiii   111  hi-  .i/-  l-'rniii    1  iMi-'-  policy 

tlii>  iii.i>   iiiirr  I'l  il'-.    For  did  we  not 

-  he  and  I  -  walk  in  the  same  spirit? 

-  -  pii.n.irily  peihaiiM  llie  hn|\  -piiii.  to 
wliieh  -  .h  "  n\  1  r  ri  .u'ham  "  a-  i- 
hi  re  -iiL:u:i  -led  unnld  Ik'  inipn--i!.|,  ;  pr.u  - 

!t:ea!ly    the    unrd-    iiu.in.    "in    the  -.mie 
-pint   nf   iinlile  -ell  ill  iiial.    uith   the  -aiiic 
I  li  i  edniii  t'rniii  a\.inei  "     \iiil  ,1-  ihi  ir  inner 
i-piiil  w.i-  the  -.line.  -1.  U.I-  !!ieir  nal- 

uard  Ci.ndiM;  they  w.dknl  in  the  same 
steps  —  Inns  hut  following  in  the  foot- 
steps of  I'aiil. 


The  .Itostlr.  Sol  the  .ifolonist 
(xii.  i<>-2i  ). 

19.  This  hrief  p.'ira'-Lrai  li  i-  iineiideil  to 
cnrrect  the  inipris-inii  which  iiUKht  very 
n.iliiralU  .iia-e  in  ihe  innid-  of  the  Coriii- 
lliiaii-  ill. it  I'aiil.  ill  111-  Miulic  itmn  of  liiin- 
-.  ;i  1  \,  tl  I  h.i-  heeii  enn-litiitiiiK  them  his 
.indue-,  ideaihiii;.  a-  it  Were.  ;it  their  har, 
and  eauer  fnr  their  verdict.  Nothin.K  nf 
the  kind:  ( ind  i-  hi-  indije.  and  he  i-  their 

,apn-ile    You   have   been   thinking  mr 

Willi  We-tenit  and  llnri.  /i.i:.-  \  u  been 
•!■  :■!  ■::  '!  fo.r  a  Ifsng  time  i  1  iter 
than   iraXii'  nf  .\.   \'.  il.,Ji'/ )   that  it  is  to 

YOU  that  we  are  making  our  defence. 

1  CiTlainlv  not:  von  are  iint  tin  indues  (i 
jr  r  iv  ,\y  It  is  before  God  and  in 
Uirlne  nt  mir  felh •wslii])  with  Christ  that 
'we  speak  Icf  ii.  17).  And  all  those 
[things  that   I   have  said,  beloved,— the 


(11.  XII] 


II  COHINTIIIANS. 


.M  I'i'r  I  fi-.ir,  U'^i,  wlit  ii  I  iniiu-.  I  -.li  ill 
iii^t  liiul  viu  li  .1-   I  .iiiil  tl!.:t  I 

111-    liillllll    until    Null    MU-ll  \0  \MHlM 

11"!       It'^t      Ih.r,-  ilili.itc-.  iUW'.u.:-. 

wr.illi",  >lnfi-.  I'.n'kliitini;^,  \vlii-|iiriiii.;^, 
•■u  i  iliiiK>,  tuiiinl!  -  : 


(iiiil  liMinlili-  nil-  \'  n.  .iii'i  th.il 

I  -li.ill  liiu.iit  m.iiiv  wliuli  li.iM-  siimiil 
.ilrr.iilv.  ;inil  Ii:im   I'nt  rriiriili-cl  .'t  'lir  mi 

,    I-  .  .         lllr!        I      r-'l.-,l'       .11         I'    ll        I    I  M-U  I.  .11- 


trndrrnfi*  tla-siif*  tItroiiKli  ilu-  ^ni-rify  —  \hiiml'lc.  It  u>>  ri'.il  utiurti.in  to  tlir 
are  not  in  "un  inlm  -iN.  aiiil  In  -iriir  tin.  r  M' a  th.il  in  thr  pn  m  \it->' 
.1   vi-nlict   i  l    .1  'ii:i:!.i!    tr.'iii    S'"t.   Inn    fori'^'""''  'tuiul-.  .ilniif,   vMtli"iit    waSif   1  >iiii|ily 

your    upbuilding.    Hi--    \ iinli.-  iHim    u .i- 1 u.:  ..-./ii  i,  I m  pinl  J  U  ili.    l  it-' i  i- 
nr.t  111  ilrliinl  iiiin-ill.  luit  In  i.iiiv  lluni.hlir  iM.  n   i-.irti.t      I'. nil  ti  .ir-  Im 
It   wa-   t'lir  lluir  <(/irt. ii  lli.it   ilu-   I ..  .i  .1  '  ni  li  r  i.  .ii    like    lh.it    ulikli   lu'    li.nl  r\|nTi 

K.^\  1-  Inin  his  . -111111. irily  (\  Si      I  ii  i^.  n.  r  1 1,   -  m.  .  il   .-n    In^   ml    m-iI;    Imt    cmii  in 

(-■liln-.iti.  .11.  niiliinMinvr.  i>  tin-  v:r<-.it  l.i«  "I  '  li'Mnili.i!i..n  li<-  ri  ..i..'ni  .  »  ill.  e'liilini; 
tin-  i-li-Mili.  ij. '.  I  iimniiL'  tin-  a.-lMli  ni  li.r    ..i-l  lis.'  il' -.■ilihninj  li.in.l  .1  «li-.  i- 

<ittu-i-r-.  ami  r< -uul.it  mv;  t!u-  .-..luln.-t  oi  !u-r   t  In  r.-i.  ir.'   "my  timl."    /  .i/'.ii./  that, 

wni-hip  (I  Cm.  \iv.  5.  ij.  17,  j(>K  when  I  come,  my  Cod  may  arain,  .i- 

30..  Ilu-i'  \<-i-.>  ( .H),  .•!  I  >li..\v  ti.ivv  i  li>  t.Ti',  humble  me  in  my  relations  to 
MTi-ly  the  C.inntliiatw  tK  i  .K'l  t-ilihcii n m,  '  ' •  you,  iiy  >Ii'i«inK  itic  tin'  -iMtiiy 
and  imw  little  ciitiipi  icnl  tln-v  wi  re  t<>  pa--,  irnil  nl  my  work,  and  that  I  mav  Ii.im* 
jtid(inicnt  iiix'ti  >ikh  a  man'  as  Paul  As,  to  mourn  over  many  of  thote  who  shall 
I'ruffn.sor  Demuy  apily  >a.vs.  "  i  lu-  Coriii  !  not  have  repented  of  their  former  sina 
tiiians  had  liiiii  sealing  tluni>t'Ki>  in  im  of  -  \  il  impurity,  and,  in  imt  .  lir, 
aj:i!ialion  i>n  tho  tnhtiiial,  ami  tluy  ar,  fornication,  and  Tioinii-  lasciviousness, 
siiiimiarilv  sit  on  the  lloor"  For  I  am  which  they  li.i\c  committed.  I'l  li.it.lv 
afraid  tHat,  perchance,  when  I  come,  .Mi'.ir.l  is  ni;lit  m  r.  i^.ir.lim;  "  m  inx  of 
It  is  nnvv  tin-  tli.it  -p,     ,      I  may   'i.---   «'■«   I  .1.     smtu-.l "  as  a   nii!.|  .'\_ 

find  you  not  p.ir.-  ami  p., m  i!'...  such  as  p.   n  t"r  "tli.-  111. my  «li.i  ha\.-  sin,....}" 

I  would,  and  that  I  may  be  found  by  .m-     Hi'.sr  wIm  arc  hh-a  hi  a  .nii.ii 

you  I .  ir  li-ss  pi .  it.alih  .  ••  in  \ .  .;ir  1  ml:4illt-nt  "  I    '^-.n  '.t   ll.r.ri-^  siini,.!    1  pi    pp  1 

ii.  it  ..Illy  siuh  a,  /  u..nl.r  n.-t.  1-:U  iiltc  l:.|..n-  wii,.:-  rr..i.iM\  li.t.m-  tli.it  <:\- 
\i::..r..ii'slv such  as  YE  would  not,  .m  n.^n.-i-  m'.i  tin-  i-inir.-li  Mi.-  s.-v:,!  ,111, 
a.i.iiiiii-lr.ip.r  ..i  ill  1  i|il:m'  ami  ili.i-'i-t  111.  lit  am!  pr.i.-ti.is  ul;-,li  r.ml  h.  r.-  i;',iii...  .it 
i^  i    s  ,1-   1     ji  ,  ;  that  perchance  s.i  iii..nrniii!lv  il....-.-  iiin.-iis.  p.  li  .ip-  mii 

I  there  may.  be  found  1  s!ippl\  <i  .i."«.i'ii  1  j  i-iii.in,i..;i-.  ami  su.  h  snis  .is  an  npi.-iiit.ii 
till-  spirii  ..|  strife  .iiiil  jealousy,  cases  of  i  !iy  1  C..r.  v  1  ,\rri-  pi..l..il.l>  .Mn-.il  ..mt 
angry  outbursts  ipl:;  1.  faction  .  r  m-  int.i  tin-  Christian  .Inti.li  li\  iimiiv  \\h>> 
siuh  :i->  Inrnl  scrsaiits  i  fpi"oi  1  .  iii.-r.-.l  it.  Iliis  >iisi.i(-i..n  ii-c.ims  s.iine 
niiLilil  In-  ui  iliy  lit.  '  ■:.iiiaii..ii  ot  .  liar  .  ■  niiirtiiatii m  fn.in  xiii.  .'.  w li.-re  lh..s.-  -aIh) 
attir  wlutli.r  iiy  i.|  ;  slander,  or  strrt  t  i  li.ul  Mtiiu-.l  licl.irr"  app'ar  l.>  stalnl  111  a 
whispering,  conceit,  disorder.  Thcsf  .iroiriass  l.>  tlunis.K.s  r.ml,  with  his  pas- 
ai:    iniip.  is  i.r  acts   synipt.nnatic   of   the  i"ral  hiart.  ii.v  .  .  i       .  .      ■  .iml 

p..r'y  spirit  II  Cor.  i.  lo  f  )  which  was  siinu  rs.  iitiiikc  tli.  (  ..  i  i'  .i;  who 
lirciiuliciai  lo  the  (lelice  and  unity  ..f  the  sh,,„iil  ili.  ir  spiriiu.il  ,  .illn  .1,  s,  l.v  •  m,t 
church,  and  insiiltiiiK  to  (Iml  who  w  is  a  Hi' niniinv' "  ..v.-r  tin  111  11  t  n  -•  1  It 
(J.mI  of  onl.r.  ti.it  of  iVH/ii.vi.'ii    II   (.ir.  ;is    siv'iiilicant    tli.it_  '1,  .,\ '  i  'i  I'.nil 

xiv.  ^5).  .      air. ml  he  will  tiinl.   w'  '  -  .  to 

21."  Hilt  the  character  «il  the  church  v'nrinth.  ;iri-  s.,i.  ,.1  i.hIi.  ii  .umI  l.ist 
U.I-  1.1  111-  iiiiperille.l  hv  lust.  11.1  less  than  .  I  he-e  are  ilu-  t  .\ . .  m--'  pr .  .mmh.  ii-  isp.  - 
l.v  ilisoml.  and  this  fear  seems  to  li.-  .-v.-ii-..''  -m  in  t!i.-  tirM   .m-^'!.  .  .in.l  ti  .  \  iii-i-l 

iii.  .r.-  Iu,-i\ilv  upon  the  Iv.art  of  I'.nil  lli.in   l.ive   he.-n    \<r\    .-'i  n-'-.-   ..I  x.l.i're 

,1  lu  r  itlure  1-  m.   iii.ilit\ iii--i  'r^''  .-ifti-r   an.]   iiiiimir.il  (nrinlli     li    i'.r:]   Ii.hI   l-.i  11 

V    ,.  ,  _  ,   .:        ;;    ..  .  ^,  .n,.,..   ,,,   .i.f,..,.!    1,;.   . ,  iii!i .:t m   and  an 

r.is,)  .-spr'ci.-iHv  11  we  r.  nl  ui'li  ei  !<•  I  !i.  r !' v  |..-f..ri-  .inv  ..irlliK  1 1  il  niii.il.  11  w.is 
MSS  i!i.ini;li'  this  i-  11..'  m  .-.-s-.iiv.  e.  rt.iinlv  n-.t  l"  f..i.-  111.11  s-Aavnl  l.i  tli.- 
Tanfivwufi  linmlil.  )     lor     ra  rrfu-wcTT)    -pi  r  it  .  .1  p.irt  \  1  MI!  am  I  s.  .ei  al  iini  .11  r ;  t  V  M<-tl 

(wa  I  ll  is  diiVu-nlt  t.i  -a\  wheth.r  \h<-  ••!.,-  til.  -•■  nr..  !i  p.  .  .l.-d  ,-|ll  till-  . -lili.-.iMon  ■ 
irdXi»    ((j^MKi)    Koes   with   wine  or   m.a' ,  that  cnld  Ik  lir.uiKht  to  hear  up. m  them. 


II  ( OUINTIIIANS. 


XIII 


ciiArri  u  M 

I  I'lll''  is  till-  lliinl  liiii,  I  .iin  r.iiiiifiL; 
til  \         III  llu-  III'  'iilli  '  i|  UMi  or  tin  .  1   u  11 

IK--'  -  -Ii.ill  ts<v\-  wri\  !"■  I -i.ilili-lii  il 

J      I  y.„   Im  ,   .IIhI    ImI,  I.  II  y:<<.  .\- 

il  I       II-         I  Ml,  till   -1  i.iinl  linii  ;  .iiMl  1" 
iiiL'  III  I    unir   I'l   ilii  iii    wliii  li 

lirn  !•  ■|i Ti-   Ii.ivi'   -iniuil.  t"    ill  I'llnr. 

thai,  if  I  <"Ui'-  uy..-i.  I  'A  i!l  •  ■  ■    ;  ■ 


I    .(  Siiii-i'  M-  »ri  k  ,i  pnitif  (.f  Chri'<t  spvak- 

nii;  Ml  iiu.  wlih'li  til  yiMi-ward  It  th>l  weak, 

I  I'Ut  I-  iniKlit  \    III  \ .  HI. 

}     l  "r  lli"ii^.'li   111    u.i>  rriUMlu-ii  llit.ii;i:'i 

Wl.lklll--.     Ml     Ir     ilMlll     In      till'     jlMUir  'it 

I  1'  mI  I  iir  \v  r  all  u  '  ,iU  ill  I  mil.  li'il  wi' 
I^ImII  Inr  uilli  liiiii  ]i\  till-  |iiiv\.r  nt  ii."l 
I  Ii  n\ aril  Mill. 

I' v.iiiiiiii'  _Miiir-i  !m wlii  tlur  )r  In'  in 
i.iiili.  |ir"M-  >iMir  ■'\Mi  X  l\r-.  1mi"\s 


Tlu-  I'liiiil  Appfttl  (Niii.  i-io). 

'I  hi-  iii'ii  I't  .iiitlinrily.  wliii  li  li.iii  I'll  " 
\  iK<.riili-l>    -.liiHk    ill    tile  pal  .iL'rapli. 

liri-iiilH  -'  I'M'ii  iiinri-  pMiiiiini  lit  ami  \\ii'<\- 

<ill«   III   llll^.      III-   ll'iW    V;"<  "   !..  M'llil   tllr   I A- 
|ir«-<^ii'n  iif  a  ti  ar  llial.  uh.  ii  In-  iMiiU'  ill 
pir-iiil.   liiiV    umilil    run!    hllii   li"l  -mil 
ih,  \    u  i-lii  il  :    111  ■    \>  I  ^    'I'  'I""' 

Ii,.  ■  „  ,11    n.ii    -p.in      Hi-   p-,\.  t    u  ill   lln  n 

In-     ,1>    l,Ii\li,ll~    .1-     111-     Hr.lklli^-      iMil  llll'll. 

liill.  uilli  III-  I'M  IrinKilii  Il''  'I  l>ii--'- 
fr.iiii  ilii-  111  tlu-  i-\pn --i"ii  of  -i  iirayiT 
that  lliiir  i-.iiiiliut  «ill  I'C  >"  K'""!  f""' 
.M-uiity  that  lu'  will  liavo  mi  wcasinn  to 
cxiTci-i'  hi-  aiitlinntv. 

I.  2.  This  is  the  third  time  that  I  am 
coming  to  you  Ui  Nii-  "  f  'his  s.n- 
tiiu'c,  ami  llii'  niiist  natural  mti  rpn  t.iiinn 
<i|  \»-r.  _',  apai  l  friini  (illirr  i  i  iii-;i|i  r.il  n  ii-. 
pill  It  ln'Mitiil  all  na-'iinaMc  ilniilil  that 
PattI  hail  air.  . Illy  lu  i  ii  tuii  c  in  (.'uriiilli. 
At  the  mouth  of  two  or  'hi  ii'ii'i  three 
witnesses  shall  every  word  be  estab- 
lished, it  1>  ilittiilllt  1(1  il.niK-  wIl.tluT 
Paul,  in  thus  i-itiii«  I  K  iiti  niiintiiy  -\i\.  15. 
is  pi  i>  fully  n  ijanliiiij  lu>  m-ii>  .1^  thf 
\\itiu--i  -  llic  IH  \t.  vvliiih  wa^  tin-  thnil. 
I.rini:  ilril-l\r  i  T  wlulhiT  llr  is  srriiill-I\ 
aii'l  -I'li  iiiiiN  a--!  rtiii.!.;  ih  ii  ihi-  lu \l  imu' 
hr  1-.II1U-,  ihr  v.U,Ar  -iiii.ilfii  wll  hi  iiii- 
]iai  li.i!l\  iiiM -ti-Mii  il  aihl  thr  ti  'lh  r-l.ili- 
h-linl.  ,it  ,1  l.iiinji  iimI  I'l  ih.ip^.  -l.  ;il 
a-  thr  i-iiiilivi  1-.  ihr  inniur  1-  iiinn-  111 
tlu-    iii.iiiiirr    I'f    I'aiil.   To    those-  tin- 

l-|;i».  \\  alliiil^i!  Ill  h\    thr  ^allU•  Wnni 

in  \  who  are  livinR  in  their  old 

sins.       '       all  the  rest  wlm  Umk  fur 

wanl  li  ..V  \i-it  with  .1  lia<l  ciin--ciciK-i\ 
1  have  alnaily  said  beforehand  (ii-. 
furcvianud »  (in  x.  n)  and  do  imw  say 
beforehand  ( fori  warn  i.  as  on  my  sec- 
ond visit,  (SO)  now  also  in  my  absence, 
wlU'il  I  I'aii  iinly  i-iniiimiuiiMti'  liy  Irltir. 
that,  if  I  come  again.  I  will  not  spare 
CIS  Ik-  h.iil  >pari'il  lufuri.'.  in  ii"t  ruiuiii).;. 
i.  .'.?).  What  precisely  th:-  ihn.it  iir- 
Iilie>.  is  tml  11  It  1111      A!:.thir  -imply 

the  stiTii  e\iri'i-i  "\  ^piiuiii!  a\i!h..rily. 
or  some  signal  and  Iniracul^Jll^  puiii>hiiient 


-iiih  a^   fill  iipiiii   I  Kiiia-i    I  V  '  i  '. 

if.  1  I  nr.  V,  5).  I'liih.ihK  till  u\ 1 1  tiiiiii;^ 
wmilil  iiiit  hr  i|iii!e  ih-!iiht  ill  till'  liiiml 
(if  r.ii:l;  "vMiiiijir-  '  wiT  .uiiniii,'  the 
-ii;ii  -  "I  .111  .ip.  i-tlr  I  \ii,   ij  I . 

3.  4.  It  i-  ihi  -iip'ui^iii  uf  the  I'.Tili- 
tlilaii-  that  iliiM-  I'.iiil  111  thi-  -liril  I'M  r 
I'i-e  ill  hi>  .■lulhiirity  ;  it  1^  iui'i--ar\.  111 
nnlir  111  emuiiu'e  ilu'iii  lliai  (  lout  is 
flwik  ii^  ■H  liiiii.  I  t.  (//  )/.'/  jr/'inr.  see- 
ing that  you  are  seeking  a  proof  of  the 
Christ  that  speaks  in  me  —  the  Christ 
who  in  relation  to  jrou,  .-is  you  will  lind 
wlun  I  come,  is  not  weak  but  powerful 

among  you.  Paul's  wnnls  and  arts  will 
lie  -11  aiitliiiritative  as  to  carry  the  con- 
vietion  that  t'liri-t  is  sprakiiiii  ami  work 
inn  in  and  tlinntKh  liun.  Paul  is  imleed 
one  with  (  Imi-i.  .dike  in  his  wcaknesa  and 
in  his  pi.vM  i  I  he  weakness  cvideiicetl 
iiin^t  lerril'K  li>'  ihe  rnirilixiim,  and  the 
pnu  iT  iiiaiiiir-t.  li  liy  the  n  ^urri ctimi,  have 
ri  pi  .iti'd  till '11-1  i\ I  >  111  till-  r\|ii'riencc  of 
I'. ml.  \^  li -11-  li.iil  luiii  enuitied,  so  he 
had  hi  1 11  liiniilih  i|  ( \ii.  ji  l;  .and  as  surely 
.1-  Ji -n>  h.id  hiiii  ra:-id  tn  ;iii  e'ldliss 
iir;.  //(•  /.'."i.il  trniinpliani  hie.  -o  siinly 
wiiiild  he  I::,-,  ill-piiril  hy  the  -..uue  /'.Tiri' 
'  •  (,.1/.  ,iiiil  -li'iw  ihe  hii-  ili.it  w,is  in  hiin 
hy  till-  aiitliiirily  In-  wirihl  \v  ii  Id.  Ihi-.  is 
;i  p.i--  i;>:e  til. it  li.ippiK  illii-iratrs  I'. mi's 
iii> -;ir;-iii  ;  he  is  n m-i-n ms  of  >li,irunj  ihe 
wi  .iUiii  --  .-11111  the  life  iif  t'hrist.  For  He 
was  indeed  crucified  through  weakness 
<  the  Weakness  whieh  issues  in  de.itli  Jesus 
shared  with  man:  in  a  sense  this  was  then 
the  source.  «k,  of  the  cruciliNinu ),  but 
now  He  lives  through  !»V  source)  the 
power  of  God  who  raised  Hin:  from  the 
ill  .111  ((i.d.  i.  1).  For  we  also,  as  is 
shiiwn  hy  our  humiliating  experiencis 
(  \ii  ji.  n)  are  weak  in  (some  .\I.SS.  read 
I,,  V'  Him  liie  eriiciried  Um .  but  with 
i  Him,  th,  risen  One,  we  shall,  by  the 
j-aiii,  power  of  God  that  raised  Iliin.  live 
I  .iild    I  \li:|iil    \iv;nri>iis    tnkelis    nf   life  and 

power  in  relation  to  you, 

i  5,  6.  Ihe  man  who  could  write  the 
:  la-t  tvMi  \  I  r-i-s  i-  very  conscious  that  /ic 
j  is  in  the  faith,  c.in  olTer  proof  (Sommv,  ver. 


Cm.  Mill  II  roWINTIIIANS.  -JH 

\i  iMt  ytir  own  -ilv<  >,  li"W  that  ji^'is  ;  >»  I  'T  hi'  .in  k' I'l.  wii'ti  wi-  arc  wc.ik, 
I  liri-i  i~  m  >'>ii.  i\r«iit  yi-  In  niirnli.iii^  '  jjnil  >i-  .ir<-  -tioni;    ami  this  alvi  wv  wi^li, 

(i    lliil  1  trii^t  tliat  yi'  -li.ill  kw'W  tint  \\r   i\  i  n  \'  <-r  p.  il.i  ti  iti 
art'  ii^'t  n  i)r. 'Ii.iti  >.  I<>     lli.ni.'t.'    I    uti!i'   llu ilui:k!-  Im- 

7  I     pI.H     til    <i'm1     tll.ll     M-    (111    ll'iiillc    ,lli-i  MI.    1.    •    I..  111^   |.|.    .Ml     I    Oi.illlil  .l-t 

imI;  n..l  that  w .  -Ii..iil.|  apjnar  aiU'i .  i\r.l,  ' -I  ..irpiu  — .  a  :..,r.!u^  'la-  |....A,r  wht.ti 
lilt  that  >>    -li.MiM  i|..  ilia!  wliull  is  li.  .lU'l,  j  I  lir   l,t«r.|  I1..1I1  liK'  In  i  .ii|uall"il,  .lliil 

'li.  iivh  \\i   l.i    i>  npr'iliaii-',  tmt  In  tUstriurlmn. 

K    !■'. 'T    v\,    l  aii   <\i<   ii"tliiiin   auaiii-l    tllc  ' 
'ri!!!i.  1  III   for  llii-  inilll. 


t  .  iriil'  liiall . 
! !  .  ••  11! i"M  li ■  an  1 

-■  I-  U  ill  i  1  III'  I 
i  llI.Mii;ll..tH  lli;  .  I 
rnnw;     mi     oumui;  i 


;  I  aii(l  ?!lnnil  tlio  t< -1 
■,\  ould  '.  \i'l!  I'  11"';  ' 
llim  to  tli>  iii'<  K  >  s,  anil 
V  iuM  >laii(l  till'  li 
p  [--aci'.  I'll  iiii;<  >  all' 
i|iroii|i,  AvhifiiW  (111  iml  In  llii'  jirooii, 
.iinl  diViM^ot  iliaiint;  Hn  pio,.!,  iiuaiiaMi' 
"i  -I  iiiilni'4  till    I' -t.  ri  jirol  all  t    wliiili  it 

i»  iiiiicrtuii  il' K  ini|  il'ii'  '"  1 1  iirniliii'i-  in 

l'.i,v;lixl,.  Try  YOURSELVES  nu.t  m.  ) 
whether  you  are  living  in  the  faith  wliuh 
•.a\<  s  Ilk-  SI  ml.  lutith  is  iianlly  In  ru  llic 
■  nliitctivi-  Christian  cn-cil  (ct  1  Cor.  xvi. 

lint  we  can  sec  from  such  a  [la-sa^t- 
hiiw  the  way  was  nrcpari'd  for  this  ti»c  of 
the  word.  Put  YOURSELVES  to  the 
proof.  Or  do  you  not  know  as  to  your- 
selves that  Jeius  Christ  is  in  you?  except 
indeed,  lu  .hIiK.  you  are  reprobates,  un- 
approvi'd.  li.ui'  faiUd  in  the  test.  IK'- 
pluralile  thiMi^;li  ihc  -.iln.ilinii  is  in  many 
I'i  ii-  pliasi's,  till  >  .11  1-,  HI  -"iiu'  ri  .il  si  ii-c, 
a  Cliri-tiaii  eluircli,  Clin-i  i-  prr^'nt 
aiiiDiiK  tlu'iii,  and  i-. iii~! n u!<^  llu'  id' al  liy 
uhiili  llu  y  inn^t  iiii  .isiirc  ihrin-i  Ka  -. 
■■  lluy  (Uiuhl  I.,  rn-i'^'ii/o  ('lir:-'  .a^  a 
p.. wa  r  in  ll'i  iil-i  K  r~  -  -  mill ''^  indi  id 
liiiiiK  iniiiiurfi  11  riiri-lMii-,  f.iiiiiia  rn"'-' 
lu  r  llim  ln'i-.in-r  I  Ir  i»  li"t  lla  1.'  "  I  >ia-- 
~lrl.  And  il  (  liii-l  1~  rr.illy  111  and  aiii";:;.' 
t'.ulll,  if  llli'y  llu  lli-rKa  >  an-  IH't  li  prnlr.ltr-, 
lluy  oiiiiht  til  \t.i\v  III)  dilliculiy  in  in-i.i;- 
iii/ltiK  lliat  r.ml  ii"  ri  jiri ilialr ;  I  hope 
you  will  recognize  that  WE  1  iM"?  1  are 
no  reprobates.  I  In-  iilin  al^n  I'l-  ni'i  r- 
pri  lfd  in  a  tliri  :iU'niitu  '-rii-i' :  "wluii  I 
<i.iiu'.  I  will  fnrnisli  yon  with  proiif  cin iili.;ll 
iif  my  apostolic  aiuluiriiy.  In  the  disci- 
pline that  I  will  aiitlioritativi'ly  enforce, 
yoii  will  See,  I  hojie,  plainly  cni'iii;li  (•roof 
of  the  Christ  that  speakeih  in  nie." 

7-10.  But  I'anI  (unlike  Jmiah  cf.  ch. 
iv. )  is  very  much  more  coiictTiii'd  ationi 
their  ch.iracfer  than  ahmit  In  o\mi  la  pnt.i 
tion.  He  would  infinitely  ra'hi  r  tmd  llu  in 
n  peiitant  and  virtnuns.  w  lirn  lu-  coiiu'^, 
ih.in  indnlginK  in  the  sin^  which  will  k^c 
him  an  opportunity  to  assert  his  aitilioriiy : 
he  even  prays  for  this,  caring  nothing  what 


ma  '.    1  1  Ml  h 

Now  we 
evil,  not 

m  iliil  i- 
III. it  till  ir 
I. 


tuay  to  Gud  that  you  do  no 
in  Older  that  WK  ii-'ni  may 
1-'   appear  approved;  n  1-  imi' 

a'  1 .1  in  nil  III  .    in    \  1 1  I  'Ir    \\  ollM  rr 


d.iinid  p.  ila  .1.  •\\'  .1  1'  1  il  i!>.  a  u  a.  Ii.-r  . 
lli.il.  li'.'.i .  '.  i  r.  ■     ■    '  i      111.  I  ■ ', .   a'  all  .  but 

in  order  that  YOU  may  act  nobly,  i\cii 
though  WE  be  as  reprobates,    I  li<  vinne 
of  the  CoriiiiliMiis   will   ri MCI   doiiMv  mi 
I'aiil.  it  will  li  iw  Iiini  !i"ih  "appmxed 
anil    "  uii.ippros  <  d  "  ;    approved  —  iM-caiise, 
under  (iiMl.  tlu  y  owe  that  virtue  to  hnn ; 
iniaiiproved,  lieeause  he  is  n"w  diprunl 
of   Ii:>  <ipporllll!ity  to  /Kiij'i'  In-,  aiiilioriU 
(\i  r.  U  hy  severe  discipline  >■<  llu  1  1  lint 
the  l.iMrr  motive  dm's  iioi  wi  ii'ii  "  in  I  a  d 
For  we  cannot  do  anything  against  the 
truth,  but  we  c.in  oiilv  act  in  behalf  of 
the  truth.    I'.>    //!<•  Imtli    p. ml  .ipjiarently 
liualls    lure    "  llie    V;'.-p.l";    .iii.l    llii«  -ill 
leiice  I'liiitu  iale^  tlu    principle  which  yov- 


ellU'd  al!  Ill-  .111' 
Jirei iiilu  lal    lo  tl 
di»    ulial  woii'd 
lit'-  he  ua-  pri  I 

-  II  !  •!; 


.'  l;. 
fillll 
ar.'.l 


-ll.I.  Il 


lid 


II-  mil 


111 


ml  111 


■  1 


lo  iiolliuii; 
oilld  iillK 
n -t-.  .and 

veil    wllell  U 

ii,.'i..M  \.a 

1 .1 '  K  1 1  .  .'     I  X  u,ii'.i»r  > 

for  we  are  ^lad  when  WK  are  weak, 

willio-i'  .  1.].!  It '  iiiiiy  I'I  .1--.  n  oiir  .null' irilv. 
and  YOU  are  so  strong  111  (  hn-ii.iii 
iliarntir  ill, it  such  an  asseriion  of  niy 
anilu  riiy  hecoines  uiniece-sary.  And  this 
we  nut  only  reioicu  over,  hut  pray  for 
also;— your  restoration,  atneiidin.  in.  per- 
This  is  why,  in  my  absence,  I 

things,    i-pecially    the  l.i- 
stern    pas-  iL'e        .  intiiiu;    '.'!■!      ^1     JO.  in 

order  that,  when  I  am  present.  I  may 
Inot  li.iM  !•.  deal  wi'ii  >  •!  abruptly,  c 
i  .f/iii>'/"/v.  .iiiil  li:  lI  1  i)ia>  .1  ■  in  accord- 
iance  with  the  authority  which  the  Lord 
I  pave  me  for  building  up  and  nut 


fecting.' 
write  these 


far 


I  1  \.ic 
!i  irpl> 


demolition 

h.i 

pnllinc  ■!''  V'- 
lea-t  an  <■■] 
spirit  of  ill. It 
entrustetl  hy  Chri-l 


in  s   Si  It 

II  will  L»  III'T.  Ilk. 
!i:i!i  laniiliii'.'  lip,  and  -o  ,1! 
ita  n'     .  ,  ,11'  1  ,1   ellll,  II     oi  till 

aiilliorily  wi'ii  which  he  was 


212 


II  CORIXTIIIAXS. 


[Ch.  XIII 


II  iMiially,  lirttlircn,  t^in  uill.  Ho  i)i  r- 
fict.  In'  "1  H""'l  I'oiiHorl,  be  i>i  OIK-  inuid, 
live'  111  piaii  ;  anil  tlic-  God  of  love  and 
|Hai-i-  sliall  111'  \Mlli  you. 

I J    (iri'ct  one  anoiliiT  with  a  holy  kiss. 


I  J,    All  tin-  saiiit-.  -ahiti'  ymi. 

14  Tlic  nr. ire  c.|  the  l.iTil  Jc^iN  Cliri^t, 
aii<l  tho  I'M'  111  <i"il.  and  llu-  i-i iiiinniiiii)ii 
..f    the     Holy    t.liMM.    /'.'    u'.lh  all. 


I'iit  tiiiii  Injutii  tions  ami  licncdutwn 

(WW. 

II,  12.  Ill  '!■■'  inikiuihn^;  verses,  the 
si  vi  ritv  \<.\-  <-  1:  a  n.iui  --oUnin  Jteii- 
iKiu".  tinally,  brethren,  all  tlu  inipir 
ati\>>  in  \tr.  11  eseept  ihe  t'n-t.  (luuily 
Klani'i-  at  tin'  \m  .ikne---r^  i.l  lln'  Li Tiiil hi.iii 
,  hiiii'h  :  llu n  p.U'.  iivImM)  ibc  Id  ' 
I  X'<ip«rf  I  vhiii'.l.l  iiiii  lie  fi'iuUred  »r;.'/.  .  , 
I'Ul  /ii'ra'i/V.  iii'iii.L;h  a  t  iro  k  uuiild  liar'Uv 
|..i'.^<  t  llie  iii  ii;:iial  nit  .m'.iii;  nt  tin-  U"h1; 
I.irli.iii-  fare  ye  well  um.iI.I  iii"diM'  a 
-.inic\\!i;il  -iiiiil.ir  in!iirc-~i"n  in  r'n:;h-ll. 
Be  perfected  —  1'.. 11:  \--'-\  |ir.i\.«l  tur 

ilii^  (Mr.  1)1— be  exhorted  Uailu-r  than 
,  'ii/;',  " ,.  1/,  ilinni^li  tliw  i>  not  iii!|ni-Ml)Ie, 
I  I,  1.  -  I.  \Mili  pi  rh.ip--  spici.il  rel'ereiioe  ti> 
l!u    1  N  ih  •! tal  ii ai-   tli.il    iiiuni  ■li.iu  ly   fiillnw  ; 

be  of  the  same  mind,  be  at  peace  — the 

eiir~e  I'l  the  Lurinthiaii  clmreli.  a>  uf  an 
111  111  driek  iiiditieal  lite,  was  tactimi  and 
"trite  (et.  I  Cur.  i.  lof.).  And  (iud.  wlm 
1-  the  God  OF  LOVE  will  he  with  yon. 
when  .Vi'K  are  at  iinitv  with  utie  aiiotlur, 
and  the  (i-.d  of  PEACE  will  be  with 
you.  will  II  \  II  all'  .11  I'l.ur  ui'h  one  an 
r.  I  lir  pi.ii  i'  .Hid  li.\r  ot  llie  Corin- 
llii.in  i''iiir>li.  a>  i!;>-  1.  "<  r  -!i"U-.  have 
1,1,  n  >.i<lK  imp.  I  111 .:.  l  !  salute  one  an- 
other with  a  holy  kiss  1  1  t  ■  r  .wi.  jot 
which  will  seal  your  unity  and  love  again. 


,  AU  the  saints  in  -M  icednni  i.  from  which 
I'atil  is  writmi;,  ai  know  ledge  your  unity 
as  a  ChriMKin  i  liiiri  !i,  and  salute  you. 

13.    .\lter  all  tlu'  sprite,  jealousy,  and 
I  tnalu  e  with  w  liieh   I'aul  lia~  had  to  deal, 
i  e''|ieeially  towards  the  elo-r  ot   lii~   le'li  r, 
itlie  lull  toiud  hi'iii  dktioii   talU  Willi  woii- 
I  derlnl  iorce  .'ind  In  .inty.    It  i>  tliion).;!!  Ih,- 
\.ia,i-  I'l  Jtsiis  (et.  viii.  1*)  thai   I'aul  has 
li-.iMii.l  of  //;,'  /,',-,'  .7  (/I  </.  and  iheret'ore 
'  ilie  I!. line  oi  ji-ii--  1--  si:.;nit'K'anlI\  put  lir~t. 
llii-  new   hie  uliich  came   \wtli    K-iin  is 
perpetn.itid   in   the  eliureh   hy   the  .spirit, 
ill   iri'dfiaTO!  i>  a  sulneetue  dilutive,  like 
1  the    other   two,    the    lellowslup    or  coiu- 
iininiou   will  he   that  wliieli   is  produeed 
ainoun  Christian  men  hy  the  spirit;  hut 
if  it  lie  olijeetive,  it  will  mean  participa- 
tion in  the  liuly  spirit,  and  in  liis  uracii)us 
nifts     ;ind    1 'pi  ratioiiv.     1  his  heiiediction 
sweeps  mail  "tic.i'Iy  from  eternity  t"  eu  r- 
liity.    It    CI  mil  U'lilaU  s    the    love    <>f  <jod 
ro,,!,d  ni  the  iiiliiii'e  iia-t.  realized  in  the 
lii^ioi  ical    Ji -11^,    .iiid    pi  rpetnal  111^;  U-elf 
llirouKh   ;ill    nine    hy    llie    spiril.     In  lhi> 
pa->.ii;e   irt.  .\l,il.   xwin.    I'M    \m    .,111  ~>  <' 
till'  I  rinit.iri.'in  d''r:ruu  i.ikiii'j  ^'  il'i'  The 
grace  of  the  Lord  Jesus  ,  Christ  1.  and 
;  the  love  of  God,  and  the  fellowship  of 
i  the  holy  Spirit,  be  with  you  all  ' 
iiuliidinK  hi^  in.iliciou"  ■  ppouent^ ;  a  \iiy 
iiolile  and  wonderful  ending. 


EPISTLE  TO  THE  GALATIANS. 


liitri>diii'tioii. 

riu'  t]ii-iU-  tn  ilio  »  .alati.-m-  lia-  Imii  call  \  '•one  of  tlio  apostlfV  niiiihtiot 
<Uv«l-."  It  aroM-  (.lit  lit  a  o>iil1ii-l  in  uliiili  ilif  viry  lite  of  l'hri>liaiiity  \va- 
at  -laUi'.  and  rviTV  line  "f  ii  i-  iiiMimt  uiili  ;iif  <Mriu-tiic"  ami  i)a— ion 
of  thf  i;riat  apo-tlc  to  the  (icnliUv-.  It  i-  writlin  at  \\h\W  lual.  I'loni  tin- 
lu't;iiniini:,  in  wliiili  lit-  cNprc-.cs  his  astonishnicnt  at  tlic  diaui^c  wltich  ha> 
come  oviT  thcni  in  ili.  li"  ,iM',i;;.!r  |..  ilic  -.-i.rl  he  lia<l  i.roclaiinr.l  it.  oi.  to 
the  cii.l,  wlirtc  he  talse^  ilie  pen  in  hi-  own  lian.l  ancl  writes  out  the  thoui^hts 
.,1  hi-  hearl  in  lari^e  letter-  and  in  w.ir.l-  that  hurn  and  ,l;1o\v  (  vi.  Ii  K  the 
fcclin.Lr  with  which  tlic  letter  is  chari^cil  is  of  the  iiitcn-e-i.  He  luuiti-  wiih 
an  anatlienia.  iwiee  rei.eate.l.  ni>o;i  ilio-e  who  iiroclaiin  anollur  uo-pel  liian 
his  own  (i.  S.  i/l,  he  calls  the  dalatian-  iniintclli.uent  for  allowin.i;  ihein- 
selvcs  to  Ik-  misled  hy  this  -m-j.c!  which  is  no  i^ospcl  ( iii.  it.  he  reminds 
tliem  with  deei)  enioii,.n  of  ihe  marks  ..f  Jesiis  which  lie  luar-  upon  In- 
l„„lv  I  vi.  17)  ;  and  all  iluouuli  tlie  K  itiT  we  feel  that  it  is  a  "  marked  man 
wh.t  i-  -peakini;,  a  man  marked  Ii\  in-i-ht  into  the  meaning;  of  the  life 
ami  death  of  hi-  Lord.  110  Ic-s  than  hy  the  wounds  which  he  had  received, 
in  His  -ervice.  \\li-e\er  i-  the  !!iaiii.!ea-er  (\i.  1 -•  1 .  it  certainly  i-  not  Paul 
(  i.  ini:  hi'  i-  tlu'  intrepid  defi  >dcr  (if  the  inith.  lie  <loe-  not  he-iiate  to 
re-i-t  the  L;reat  i'etcr  to  the  face  ( ii.  lit  and  to  denounce  as  hypocrites 
tho-e  who  ahandoii  a  -eiieroii-  uo-pel  for  a  -ectari.aii  one  (  n. 

^■.t  ihue  are  depth-  -i'  the  liiiderest  alYection  in  tlii-  hotter  too.  Tho-c 
whom  tlte  writer  he-in-  hy  ciIIiiil;  fooli-h  he  end-  hy  acknow!ed-in,^  a- 
hi-  hrethren  1  vi.  !.  iSi:  he  feel-  to  them  as  a  mother  to  hei  child.  -  they 
are  indeed  hi-  ••  ItiiK'  ehiMtvn  "  1  iv.  lo'.  !  le  i~  afraid  th.al  all  In-  lal.T  npoii 
them  may  have  Ihcii  for  uothin-  m\.  11  1.  and  he  i-  sure  perp!i\ed  ahotil 
iheiii  (iv'.  JO.:  lie  would  wi-h  for  iioihin-  more  than  to  he  with  them,  to 
speak  to  tlu'tn  ;n  tone-  -f  L;>m!e  exp^ ■.■.!. ..'i.  H.  1 '-r  he  i-  I..0  .M-afftl!  ever 
1,.  t'-r-el  the  niih. 'iitidi  d  enthti-ia-iti  with  which  tiny  h,id  received  him  when 
In-l  he  came  anion-  them.  Hi-  vi-ii  wa-  .hie  to  the  acci<lent  of  an  illne-s. 
.iiu!  theref.-rc  n  -j'eciallv  calculated  to  elicit  their  gratitude,  a-  it  h  id 
formed  no  part  of  hi-  oii-inal  plan;  ne\erthele-  th.'v  not  oti!\  welcmed 
him  which.  eo„-iderin-  the  reptil-ivi'  nature  of  the  intirmity  Iron)  which 
he  wa-  -tillcrnm.  wa-  an  unexpected  -euerosity  —  hut  the  reception  they 

2U 


INTHODIX'TION 


215 


.yavc  Iiim  oml.l  have  Ikvii       IkU.i-.  ha-I  lu-  Ikvu  an  ai.^cl  or  i-vni  Ji-its 
Christ  llini^df  (iv.  14).    He  can  ncv.r  i..vurt  ll.at  hv  U      .  kmu  t., 
ul,..  u..uM  lavn  iva.I>       I'.^M  u 'th  their  very  exe-.  lor  lu^  ..ke.  ha.l 

-lu-li  a  thiii:4  Ikiii  po-^ilile  i  iv.  151.  ^ 

It  i>  one  of  til     ironie.  ..f   New   Te-tament  eriliiiMn  that   uv    .■■  not 
.lefmitelv  knou  ul..  the>e  people  were,    (.alalia,  ili-  •■■uuUy       uhuh  'lu-> 
IkIou-oI  ,nav  Ik-  i.ikrt,  in  a  nam.uer  or  a  lar-rr  ~ui-c.     Mu-  .■•-'"ix  lake, 
its  name  from  the  (  .allic  or  i  ekio  trihe-  whieli  ha.l  eome  troiu  ue-iern 
1-nrope  an.l  sellle.l  alnrnt  _'S„  li.C'.  in  the  eenter  an,l  louai.l-  th.  no.ih  o- 
what  we  now  eal!      ia  Minor.    The  uor.!  mas  al-o  he  u-e,l.  ii..ueNrr.  m  a 
wi.ler  .en^e.     1  or  ei^luv  y  ar.  ,  Mom  .5  Iki         .alalia  ha.l  heeu  a  K-.man 
province  an.l  the  term  wa^  n^e.l  f.  cover  part,  .-t  Thrvma.  l.yeaonia  an.l 
piMclia.  to  the  -..ml.  of  the  ori^mal  -  ..ablia,-    Tlu-  inho  -t  o,  ,lu  omin.- 
^.,•~v  1..-  n.  llu^.  that,  if  the  uonl  i^  u-e,l  in  it-  nvUt  -n-e.  ue  kn..vs 
-..metlrnm       the  el.mvhes  t..  which  the  epistle  i>  a.t-lre-.e.l.  .or  tlu-v  w-nl.! 
then  Ik-  the  churches  of  Amioch  ,m  Pi-i.lia),  Icnium,  I.vMra  an.!  iWhe. 
,he  Morv  ..f  uho.e  fomLlii-^  i^  tokl  in  Act.  xiii..  xiv,  ;  while  .1  the  u..r.l  i> 
„.e.l  in  it>  narrower  M  n-e  ..1  the  C  eltic  p..pnlati,.n  ..f  N. .rth  .  lalatia.  we  know- 
no, hin-  .>f  the  chnrdte.  f.  which  the  epistle  vva.  a.Ulres.e.I  except  what  may 
he  inferred  ftoin  the  ei-i-tU  ii-r!f. 

1„  favor  of  ,l,e  latter  ilu.TV.  winch,  till  a  comj.araiu  el)  rccmt  .!ale.  hel.l 
the  tiel.l  pracucallv  nn.l.-pute.l.  it  ha.  heen  ,iri:e.l  that  the  .en-nou-ne..  the 
love  of  strife  (v.  .<».  -'nl  an.l  of  novelty  .  i.  whuh  ipp- to  hav  .  lia.- 
acteri/e.l  the  recipient.  ..f  the  letter.  p..int  t..  a  I  clue  .le.tmal.on.  Cnt  tlu-e 
trait,  are  Imman  rather  than  .pecilically  Celtic  .v.  17*.  an-l  any  ar..nment 
l.nilt  u,..m  them  mnst  he  MMtiewhat  in.ec.tre.  There  ..  more  t..rce  m  the 
annnnent  that  an  imp-rtant  k -m-  u,  1,  a-  ihi.  n.  Jit  natnrallv  he  espectcl 
„;i„.  a.l.lre.-e.l  to  the  four  ...nthern  churchc,  uhuh  were  tlu  Iir  1  irmt.  .-t 
Paul-.  mi..ionarv  activitv  am..n.u  the  (lemilc:  an.l  on  the  ..th.  r  han.l,  th.at 
anv  ntini.trv  of  Vaul's  mnon-  the  iVhic  p.  p:!,,' .  .n  of  •  .alai.a  ^-'-M 

.v'-rU   have'  1.  ft  a  .l.cper  trace  iii^.n  ,lu   I  k  of    \cl-.     In  p..nit  lact. 

,  ,,lat"ia  i^  there  menli.a.cl  onlv  twice,  an.l  ilu  u  n  cry  hrielly.  Ac  xv,.  >k  xvm. 

\    nn.ent..  however,  from  expectati..n  an.l  .iUnce  are  n..ton..u.ly  tal- 
hu-ious.  ^SielTert  retnin-L  u^  tha,  th..  of  Panr.  n!at-v.  u  nn-ucce..tnl 

,,T,.rl  at    \thcn.  =.  recnlcl  'Aith  c  .n-Llerahle  fulne-.  m  the  1  k  .'1  Act., 

while  that  hook  ha.  verv  little  t..  ^av  that  thr..w.  ativ  real  li-Jn  up....  the 
relation  of  I'atil  to  the  church  of  fonnHi.  ulcli  n.,  u,.i  k-,.  an.l  Mn,«.rta,it 
letter.  It  i.  true  iha,  Taul  -  vM-te  .  i  ihc  pl.ice-  he  vi.ilcl  iiu.kr  ,l.e  name. 
,,f  ,lH  K,.man  provmces  t..  which  they  iuloM^nl" :  hut  th..  tact  -loe.  ti-t 
,„ake  for  ..ne  si.le  more  than  for  the  other.  It  only  .how.  that  hy  ( .alat.a  he 
„,„y  have  .tieant  tlte  southern  cities  in  I.ycm.nia.  etc..  htit  hy  no  ntoans  that 
he  must. 


INTRODUCTION 


The  arjjuinents  on  hotli  ^idcs  arc  st)  finely  balanced  that  it  is  extremely 
<liftiinilt  to  dcci<lc  the  qtiestion;  and  one  is  inclined  to  >)  nipathize  with  Jtilicher 
when  he  says.  "  The  wlmli'  o>iUr()ver-y  i>  but  of  slender  iniiK)rtance ;    .    .  . 

am!  if  in-ioad  of  '  (lalatian'^  '  we  ^ay  '  (.  hristian  coiiinnniitio  in  the  interior 
of  Asia  Minor."  the  (li>|)nte  is  at  an  end."  Tlierc  cirtainiy  secnis  to  be  no 
overwhelming  reason  for  aban<lonin}j  the  traditional  view  whi'.'ii  favors  North 
(  ialatia.  Two  \  i-.it-  to  ( ]iri'-tinial)l\  )  Xorlli  (ialatia  are  rccoriltd  in  the  book 
of  Alt'-,  on  tlie  second  and  lliir.l  nii.>>ionary  journeys  respectively  (xvi  (i, 
xviii.  -\^).  and  two  visits  arc  implied  by  this  epistle  (cf.  iv.  13.  16).  Perhaps 
the  scale  i-  tiiriuil  slii,duly  in  favor  of  tlie  North  Cialatian  tluory  by  the 
account  of  I'aul"-  illuc-s  (  iv.  i.^tY.)  of  which,  a^  I'.ou->e1  ■-ay-.  "  tlicre  i-  no 
trjice  in  .\ct>  xiii..  xiv.  (  )n  tile  contrary,  we  receive  here  tlie  impression  of 
an  exfra<)rdinary  capacity  for  movement  and  work  on  the  part  of  the  ajiostle. 
That  trait  woiiLl.  In  lu  ever,  tit  in  ailmirably  with  tlic  hint-  of  the  jouriuy  in 
Act-  xvi.  (>i.  When  il  is  recorded  that  i'aul,  hindered  by  the  spirit  from 
preachini:  the  i;(i-pe!  in  .\-ia,  went  thi(tni;h  Phrvt^ia  ami  Galatia,  we  may 
venture  to  .•i--nnie  that  tlie  allii-i^n  i-  to  tiic  -ickne--  nientioncd  in  (lal.  iv.  i.^. 
which  the  aiiih'ir  of  Act-  rci^ard-  a-  a  di-ii<>-ltion  of  i 'rovideiice."'  Tliou'^li 
tlure  i-  no  acconni  in  the  brief  notice  of  .\ct-  xvi.  (>.  of  the  fomidinLj  of 
churches  in  North  (ialatia,  this  is  as  t^fMul  as  imjilied  by  the  subse<|uent  notice 
in  xviii.  ^  iliat  I'atil  "went  throimh  the  rcL'.ioii  of  (i.ilati.i  and  I']iryi.;ia.  in 
order,  i-slul'Hsliiii;:,  all  the  disciples."  '1  he  date  of  the  letter  is  as  ditticnlt 
to  detcrmit.e  as  its  de-tin.ntion.  but  it  must  obviously  fall  after  Paul's  second 
visit  to  (ialatia  —  wliether  very  -01  in  after  or  not  will  de])end  iiixm  the  inter- 
jin-t.-ition  of  Iii-  conii>Iaiiit  that  the  (lalatiaiis  were  "so  (luickly  "  chanjiinj; 
tlu  ir  alk-iaiicc  ( i.  (>).  In  any  case,  we  cannot  ^o  far  wronsj;  in  assij4;ninj;  the 
letter  to  the  jieriod  of  Paul's  loni;  stay  at  l^ihesus,  at  the  conclusion  of  his 
thiri!  nii--ionarv  iourncx.  and  probalily  to  the  year  55  A.l). 

Tlie  iiieniber-liip  of  the  ( ialatian  churches  imi-t  have  been.  i)erhaps  not 
fxclu-ivelv,  but  at  any  rate  predominantly,  of  Gentile  extractiim.  They  are 
<lescril)ed  as  havinji  formerly  Ik-cu  idolater-,  ignorant  of  the  true  ("lod.  and 
tliev  were  ii-icircnnici-eil  1  v.  j,  vi.  therct'ore  they  cannot  have  been  jew-. 
Tlie  fact  tli.it  the  (  )Id  l  e-tanieiit  is  fre(|uently  a]>pealed  to,  and  a  knowIediLje 
of  it  pre>-uppo-ed,  is  far  from  provinij  that  the  majority  of  the  rea<lers  were 
I>\vi-li.  (  liri-ti.in  itrcachiiiL:.  fmdinL;'  a<  it  did  in  ("liri-t  tlie  fultillmcnt  of 
the  proiiii-es,  could  hardly  ignore  tlie  ( )ld  Te-taiiient :  but  apart  from  this,  the 
peculiar  nature  of  the  situation  out  of  which  the  epistle  firew.  rendered 
the  appeal  to  the  <MJ  '!';  -!  . nwMit  iiu  vit  .Mc  Tn  this  Paul's  opponents  had 
appealed,  and  he  -iiniilv  lo^k       the  cliallen'..;e. 

It  is  clear  that  there  wa-  ori;aiiized  oppo-ition  to  Paul  on  the  part  of 
Jewish  (.  hristians  who  rescnte*!  his  attitude  to  their  national  law  and  insti- 


IXTUODUITION 

tutions.    These  agitators  had  probably  come  fnnii  the  mother  church  at 

Jeni:^alem,  like  tlio-e  \\Iii>  had  ili^iiir1>ed  the  cliurili  at  Anti'u  li  \>y  tiarhiiii; 
*■  Mxcept  ye  he  eirciiinci>eil  alter  tlie  cu-lum  of  Mi»e-.,  _\e  camiot  l>e  >aved  " 
(Acts  XV.  I  :  cf.  (lal.  ii.  41.  Paul  accuses  tliein  of  vanity  and  insincerity  ( iv. 
17.  vi.  13  t  :  |iM-.siI,lv  at  Ixittoin  they  were  really  ^ntt'erini;  frnni  o  in\ eiit ii  .ii.ilii  \ . 
Tliev  had  not  i'anr>  tjenins  for  >epar;ilin,L;  tlie  o^eniial  Ironi  tlie  accitlental 
in  reiis;ion;  tliey  eoiild  not  see  tliat.  as  tile  C  hri-tian  religion  was  final,  it 
needed  no  buttress  from  |udai-ni,  and  that  t.i  in-i  t  ti]"  n  thi  imc^ity  of 
(ili-erviiiL;'  lewi^h  rili'<  aii'l  eeri'iin  .nie--  w,i~  pf.u-liraUy  to  ileiiy  ihe  ^uttKH  lu  y 
of  C  hri-t.  If  they,  a>  Jew-,  cared,  a>  a  niatu  r  of  iiahi!,  to  retain  tlio-c  iIihil;-. 
there  was  no  reason  why  they  should  not  ;  hut  to  iinpo-e  theni  upon  ( lentile^ 
wa-  to  mistake  altogether  the  i^etiiii-  ;ind  the  deniaiiiK  <•(  (  hri -i laiuly .  Al- 
ready, in  Taul's  ah>ence.  they  had  made  coti-ideralile  headway;  iiiiiier  tlie 
fascination  of  their  arijuments.  the  (ialatiaiis  were  l)ei;ini)in„'  to  oh-t  rve  the 
sacred  dav^  of  the  jewi>h  caKndar  ( iv.  lol,  and  tlu  \  wnc  l  onteiiiiilatniLC 
circunici-ion  i  v.  j.  \  i.  iji.  Tlu'ir  ari;unuiit  ajipear-  t"  lia\e  Ik  i  ii,  not  indeed 
that  tlie^e  thin.^rs  were  ah-olulely  ohli-atory.  hut  dial  lliey  -et  the  crown  u|m>!1 
the  salvation  which  was  already  their>  in  Christ:  acceptance  of  the  Jewish 
law  secured  their  ]ilu-e  ni>'re  tiriiily.  s, ,  i,,  -prak,  hy  hriiiuiiiu'  dieiii  delinitely 
within  the  pale  of  the  chosen  people.    It  was  a  louusel  of  juTtection. 

Paul's  scornful  and  ironical  <|iKstion  makes  short  w<<rk  of  their  armtmefit : 
"  Ilavinj^  Ik-uii  in  the  sf<irit,  are  \<'U  now  Ikmul:  comph  ud  in  ilie  lirsli  '" 
(  iii.  1,).  He  forces  iqioii  them  the  alurn.it  i\ e  (  liri-t  ci-  the  law:  if  tluy 
are  heing  justified  by  die  tluy  are  fallen  from  ,^nn;',  aiicl  their  connec- 

tion with  Christ  is  annulled  (  v.  4  i.  I'.nt  his  opponents  m.iy  have  been  unite 
sincere  in  their  ariruments,  and  in  any  case  iho-e  ar-ununis  were  very 
])lausihle  and  well  calculated  to  turn  aside  the  itiaiis  tn  .111  the  race  which 
Tatil  admits  they  hail  been  ninninij  so  well  (v.  7).  The  lews  were  the 
chosen  ]>eoi)le.  the  .Messiah  llim-ilf  had  heeii  a  jew,  the  promises  ha.l  been 
L'iveii  to  Ahraliani  .;n.l  t"  lii^  m  <  .1.  and  the  visible  -i'^n  oi  that  seed  was 
circuiiieisioii.  To  lu.  ome  heir  to  tlie  jironiises.  one  niiist  be  associated  with 
Abraham's  seed  by  the  ^it^n  of  circtimcision.  (  ircunicision  niiL^lit  iic^i  be 
everythiiiLT.  but  it  was  nmch,  and  to  -ay.  will.  'anl.  that  it  was  ii.'tliin.: 
(vi.  IS)  was  the  rankest  of  heresies,  lii.l  Paul  know  what  he  \.as  .loiii','  in 
ilenyintr  the  efficacy  of  the  law?  Tf  this  were  <lenied,  would  the  liberty 
which  he  ailvocated.  not  de-eiieraie  inio  license,  ;ind  in"r:ilii\  !..-(•  ii  .  sanc- 
tion' Who  \v;is  tlie  man  who  thus  det'ie(l  the  iiio-t  sacred  traditions  ,if  his 
countrymen,  and  bv  what  .luthority  did  he  say  the-e  thi'i-s?  Thus  the  attack 
njion  Paul'''  i^ospel  resolved  itsclf  into  an  attack  ujioti  iit-  ;.i>.!-i!e  !up.  If  his 
practical  interpretation  of  the  srosjiel  difTer-  fn  .m  that  .  f  the  Jerusalem 
church  led  by  the  "  pillar  '  apostles,  so  much  the  wor-  for  him. 


217 


1M8 


IXTKODrCTlON 


It  i--  for  tlii-  rvn^tm  tli;it  Paul  c<iml)im>  hi-  ixpu-iiiitu  of  lln.'  with 
a  .k  iVii-c  nt  liiiiisdf  anil  a  Matcim-nt  of  the  lUvuic  origin  of  hi-<  aixMlf-hip. 
His  rail  and  his  yospd  he  owe-  to  U  mi-  I  liri>t  an.l  to  (,..,1.  n  .t  t..  inaii. 
Hi-  i'„l,]„i„l.iit  riLilit-  a-  ail  apo-lK^  !i:m1  l>i'i'n  cnnceiici  hy  IVtir  hiiu-vlf. 
uli.  ii  lu'  .L;a\o  iiim  tlu  ri.^lii  liaii.l  of  i\  11.  .u -lii]..  an.l  on  one  crucial  iK'caMon 
he  ha.l  even  opiH.-ed  Titer  to  his  face.  The  ina.irniticent  exix.sition  of  the 
pi-pel  which  follows  (  iii.  It.)  m-Tc  tli.m  jiiMitu-  lii^  claiiii  to  in.lciHii.lcnrc  : 
tli.  ri'  wa-  no  man  of  liw  own  time,  ami  li  w  men  of  any  time,  who-r  vu  w 
of  history  wa-  -o  profoitml.  or  who  saw  so  de  irly  the  emaneipatinir  jxiwer 
of  the  new  reii.^ion.  One  does  ii..!  \v..n.l.r  iliai  hi-  op,M.m'nt-  uri>  amazed 
and  provoked  l.v  hi-  attitude  to  the  law.  To  tluir  coii-teriialion.  he  siMike 
.,1  it  a-  l.rin.L;in-  a  curse  u-i.  lo,  .  he  often  seems  to  make  the  opposition 
hetween  the  old  order,  represented  hy  the  law.  an.l  the  new.  repre-ented 
hy  C'hri-I.  a-  linal.  Net  he  ha-  to,.  ].inrlratin.L;-  a  view  of  hi-tory  to  he- 
lievc  that  one  perio.l  can  thn-  -tan<l  unrelated  to  another.  "  1-  the  law 
a.L^anist  the  promises  of  Co.l?  ( lo.l  forhi.l  "  ( iii.  -'i  >.  The  law  had  the 
infinitely  inil>ortant  function  of  .leei.enin;:  the  nio,.d  e.  .n-ci.  .u-ne--  (  ni.  i<)). 
.„„!  tlu'i-  ..f  preparinj;  men  for  Christ.  Its  imiclion  was  temporary,  hut 
e-sential. 

Yet.  thouirh  this  i-  true,  it  is  no  less  true  th.it  the  new  reli-ion  i-  a  revo- 
lution.iry  foive.    Chri-t  -tan.l-  at  the  center  of  hi-tory:  He  create-  a  new 
\\orld.    ////.•»  till'  fulness  of  the  time  cuiiu',  Uod  sritt  forth  His  Son  ( iv.  4). 
who  houoht  us  ,■.,1  from  the  curse  of  the  low  (iii.        —  these  are  words 
of  astoni-him^  in-i-ht  and  power,  which  -how  h..w  o.mi.letely  Paid  -ra-ped 
the  imi<ine  lii-i..rical  -iL;nitu-aiice  of  Je-u-.  and  how  clearly  he  nndeisto. ..I 
the  nature  of  the  wrk  which  1  le  had  d..ne.    In  the  past  there  had  of  curse 
heen  preparation  for  and  fore-le.ams  of  the  M.— iah:  all  the  nun  wh..  like 
Al.r.di.im   111'!  ILnhakkuk.  ha.l  tvi-icl  (;...l  with  -iniple  lu'.irt,  had  seen  lli- 
,lay  af.ir  ..tV.    Yet  th..iii;h.  in  one  -en-e.  there  i-  a  continuity,  in  another 
-en-e  there  is  a  hreach.    Metaphor  after  metaphor  is  lai-l  under  CMitrihution 
hy  !\aul  to  ilhi-trate  lli.'  ...ntra-t  hetwe.  n  the  ep.  .eh  ..f  the  law  an.l  the  eiw-eh 
n'.li.  re.l  in  1.V  rini-t.    The  law  is  a  -a..ler.  a  ,)eda-o:.;ite.  a  i;nar.liaii  or  -tew- 
ar.l-  th..-e  u ho  live  nn.ler  it  are  as  criminal-,  as  children,  or  at  best  as 
y..nths  in  their  min-iritv.    Ihit  th(^-e  in  (  liri-i  are  men.  mature  an.l  tree. 
The  c.nlra-t  between  the  tw..  .li-p.n-ati.-n-  i-  m..-t   frecpiently  an.l  -um- 
nnrilv  de-cribe.l  as  that  hetween  h..ii.la.qe  an<:  free.l.MU.  an.l  the  epistle  is  a 
n,..-t  el...i.ient  plea  for  free.L.m.    •' It  was  for  freedow  that  Chn-t  -et  u«. 
free"— n.n  f..r  hon.la^e  ..f  any  kind,  except  it  be  the  lovinp;  service  ot  one 
an.'ther  (  v.  i.^f.^l. 

It  is  thi-  which  makes  the  c^mjiromise  a.lvocated  hy  the  judaizcrs  so 
int..lerahle  to  raul.    There  are  only  two  ways:  justificati.m  by  fulfilhn>;  the 


INTHODUCTIOX 


210 


deeds  of  tin-  law,  and  jii-tituation  In  failli  in  (.  liri>t.  I-.vi-ry  hone>t  oni- 
sciciico  admits  the  inriiKT  way  t.«  W  iini" -m1>Ic  :  thm-f«>rc  juMitication  is 
possible  only  to  faith.  lUit  that  faiili  -iitricicnt  —  it  need  not  Ik  an  l  cati- 
iint  he  •-uppleinemed.  If  (.  liriM  redeemed  n^,  we  are  re.Ieemed  indeed  and 
need  nu  Inrtlier  redemi)tinii.  Th.-e  miMinder-tand  and  iiiMilt  llini  wlio  pre- 
tend to  complete  by  circnnuision  or  in  any  other  way  the  \\<>rk  wliieh  lie 
accomplished  (iii.  3'.  T..  inM~t  iii-n  e  tliin--  i-  pra.-ii,  ally  -ever 
o«r  conneetion  with  I  iiri^t  (  v.  4'-     '  ' 

dealt  in  thi>  epistle  to  the  ( ialatian-.  once  fur  all  >h.H,k  t  hri-tianity  free 
from  the  incubus  of  judai-m.  Had  hi>  opin-n.-ni-  liad  ili.ii  a  i'  .  1!'  new 
reli^i-n  wnuld  in  all  ,.n.hal.i1ity  -  ^n  have  -mik  Im  ilu-  level  an  n.M-t  eani 
Jewi-ii  -eet.  impotent  to  make  it>  way  in  the  ureal  wrld  wher.'.  l-r  tiu'  iiv-t 
).art.  the  elalx.rate  ordinance-  of  the  Jewidi  law  would  hav.'  in.  am  l.  ..  than 
nothW.  and  vanity.  I'-nl  by  hi>  (iod  iMven  itiM-ln.  I'^'il  m  I  ii  in  e  ..t  its 
enrnmhranee-.  and  sent  it  unimi.eded  to  nm  it-  nu-lity  e..m-e  tin .  .-iidi. -ut 
the  worhL  It  no  aeeideiit  that  l.nther  ua-  jiowerfnlly  aitraeled  !o  tin-. 
lM.ok.  Seldom  have  llure  Im.u  ;v..  ran  lii.-re  akin  in  their  rel;.;i..n-  .  x-m 
enee  hef.-ro  e.mver-i,.n,  in  ilie  lu-'..neal  pi-hlem^  I.v  uhieh  th-A  uer.  o„i- 
fromed.  or  in  their  api.reeiat..  .n  m1  il.e  lih- riy  wi-.h  uhirh  ,-pd  it  uh.eh 
C"hrist  makes  tucn  free.  ^ 

In  it-  ancient  form,  the  o.ntrover  y  v.hi.-lt  i^ave  hirdi  1-  ih.'  .|.!-!.e  Mie 
Calaiian-  dead,  and  can  never  he  revived:  hut  in  -.me  f.  .rm  -r  ..ilur  it 
],a~  iiM/l  ..n.  and  cotuinued  to  di-imb  the  peaee  and  pr..  perity  of  the  ehureh 
and  of  the  individual  -old.  N.,  i  hri-.ian  u  111  .  v.  r  a-ain  a.lvH-ai.-  a  r,  v.  v-..u 
I.-uMi  nr.linanee-.  or  aruue  liiai  the  re.l.mptive  ^^..rk  whu'!,  (  h-i  t  has 
,i,„u.  n.M-t  he  eoni,.!eted  or  cr-wned  hy  ein-nneio',  ,„.     ll,„   .till  iraduiou 


inav  lav 


lu.avy  hand  v]*m  the  -.-id;  -till  !h>      ■  '  'hat  dv 'nl  !  i ^^ ' 


,1,,.  vva'v  .f  imd..m  may  v.  .ar  the  -haeUle-  th.it  hamper  th-.r  fvov.re,-. 
■I'lu-  ..M  n-iMake  i-  made,  aivl  ii-  i^atl..  iiv  o  .n- . pu  nee-  are  ivpe.ited,  when 
men  alk.w  anv  dwetrine  or  cn-i..m  .  r  .^rdinanee  t..  l.'t:er  ihe  freed..m  .-i  ;!„  r 
soul-  or  when  tluv  peniiit  th.-m-.U.  t-  drift  or  be  draun  int..  any  l^-.d 
,,|  1..n.ia"e  bttt  the  -erviee  of  (  hri-t  an.i  of  .-ne  an-.d.er.  I  n:e  re!i.:.i..ii  1- 
free.k.m.  ••  It  wa-  f.  a  f  ree.l  .m  that  Cliri-!  -el  n-  free:  Maud  la-t  iheretore 
■ind  be  u-t  ent:mide.l  a'.-ain  in  (any  -  v.-ke  ..f  1-n-'  :-:e  -  1  v.  i  1  h-  ureal 
,„.,,p  .hi,!,  ,.,„i...di.-  forever  the  chruMer  of  t  hr.  :^an  freed.,;,,.  Sd-atier 
,l,.,,,'il,e-  a-  -pevhap-  the  mo-t  a.hr.ind.le  maml.  -ia.'^..u  of  the  a].o-tle-s 
.^eniu-.    There  i-  iiotliin-  in  aneieiit  or  modern  literature  t..  be  cou.pare<l 

"  -  1*  1         1,:.  ."     -..1,  tl..--..  i\t  t»-|<ri-, 

with  it.    All  the  jM-uer-  oi   1       -    ,  '.' 

I'.roa.l  and  hmrn..n-  view^.  keen  h'-W.  hitin-  irony  -  -  everyihiuL;-  that  m.,-t 
forcible  in  armimeiit.  vehenu'iU  in  iivli-uatiou.  ardent  and  ten<ler  m  affection, 
is  found  here  combined  and  poured  f..rth  in  a  sinirle  -tream,  funning  a  w..rk 
of  irresistible  power."    (The  .iMtU-  Poul,  p.  153^  ) 


THE  EPISTLK  OF  PAUL  THE  APOSTLE 

TO  THE 

GALATIANS. 


CIIAI'  1  IK  I 

I     I'M  I.,  {  no!  ,ii  in.      Ill  I- 

tii.  1  In  Mi.in,  l>nt  I'V  .1'  Ml-  (..'i  1  !,  ,iMcl  (  i-'l 
tin     I'.itlu  1,    uli"  Inui    Ir.'iii  ilic 

J  Anil  all  llii  Iin.lhn.ii_  w  hu  ll  arc  uiih 
iiif,  iiiittj  the  chtircln's  <'t  (ialatia: 


.5  (Ir.nc  /',•  in  yon.  mill  inaci-.  fr^iiii  Ciml 
th.  I'.iilur,  aiiti  />()m  our  Lord  Jesus 
(■hr!>t, 

\  Willi  K-i\<'  hini-i  If  I'.ir  imr  >in~,  th.it 
ho  iniLhi  ck  iiM-r  n->  Iri.ni  lliN  pn-i  iit  i  \  il 
uurlil.  acoiriliiiH  lo  tla-  will  uf  liotl  and 
I'lir  Fallicr: 

5  I'o  wliuiii  In-  ulnry  for  iviT  and  fviT. 
.Xiin'ii, 


jan  ii|!i.iliiy  wiili  tlic   Twiim-.    Ilr  u.i-  ii"l 
'  in.i'  .  i!    .  ,  '1.  .|    ihirini;    llir   i-.inhlv  ln\-|iiiir 
I,  2.    Paul  II  ii.ill.v  iHjni-  lii^  Kl'.  i^  liv   "I   ,li-!;-      a    jmini    ui;iih   iin  (ioiihl  Inlil 
rall'iiiL;   liiin^ill'  an  apostle    i  .  f.    l    (m,,   j'ayam-I  hiiii  in  ihr  inimU  ni  hi--  .  ipp.  .ncnt^  ; 
I'lir.  I.  hn!  iiMuhiir,  in  the  ii  it  r.  "hu",  p  in  tuMuit    he   rninvid   tl.i.-   niiiuui-   di--!  ii  ut  ii  in  m|' 
,'ni)iha'u'  a  idaini  '  liiMin  callvd  l^y  ilu-  i /.<•■);  Chri-I,  MaufniT 
(ii)d  1^  lu  re  iir>iTihid  as  uin-  who  raised 
Him  {Ciinsi)  from  the  dead.   And  I'ai:! 
i!K-lndi>  in  lii^  .un-otinn  all  the  brethren 
who  are  with  me  —  pr  ibahly  not  all  tlio 


a  Irlur, 

to  ih.r  a|i<'--lli -h:;.  a-  hiTi-.  11:^  claim  iia> 
.  h\:.ii'>ly  Ijiiti  1  11.  I '-'i  tii-al!v  ili-imttd.  and 
hr  iMii  do  ii.illiiir^  h>  way  of  corriTtiiig 
ihi'  ra.hi-al  ini- ■ 'iHi|ition  ol  thr  no^p.-]  into 
whuh  llu'  (i.d.ilian^  Ikim'  fallril.  nnnl  he 
lias  coiivinciimly  « >t.-il,li^lu  <1  the  idialk  iiHi  d 
claim.  In  tlu-  i-niplia^is  ami  ahrnplni  "  of 
llio  inlrodiiiMioii  can  lu  ir  tin.-  oniin.. 
sounds  of  tin-  v;atlii  riiiu  storm. 

Ik'  lu-gins  Iiy  atVinnniL;  tli.il  his  c  di  t.i 
tilt.'  apo^llc^hip  i-  of  n.i  hni'i.  n  orium  (  i 
or  im-diaiioii  (">'«)  Imt  di\iiu-.  lie  i>  .lU 
apo-tlr  not  chrixiim  hi^  o  iua  from  men, 
nor,  liasint;  it  ni.  .hainl  liini  through 
a  man.  His  o;.]..  iH' r.ts  ni.i\  h.iM  m  nn- 
laiiK-d.  for  r\.ir;|.U.  that  h<-  .''.vd  hi-  p.-i- 
tioli.  a^  tlli--l"lMlv  In  ih.'  (iiliilh-,  I"  the 
|.  :idei  v  of  !h.-  I .  !  ii -.ili  111  I'hineii.  Thi--  he 
deiiii  -  ;  i!  .  '  .111.  lo  1  ni  ii  t  ill'  I'JI.,//  i! 
f/.Mii  (pr"!Mhl\  -Mii'iil.-ii-.  to  i.oini  i!ie  e..n- 
ti  i  !  uiili  I  !iri-t  I  but  through  Jesus 
Christ,  uh.i  me-'  th.riioie.  hv  imi'Iicalioii, 
he  more  than  iii.in--.l  line  m.hvret  t<-ti-_ 
ip..nv  to  r.ai-.r-  1"  lief  in  :!.e  ihMnity  of 
(  hn-t.  W  e  d  oiihl  perh.ip  h.m  isi'.  eled 
I'anl  tn  sa\.  hv  aiialo^;y.  "  tliron-h  t  hri-t. 
a-,  niediatiim  il.  and  fi,>m  ti-.d  a-  its 
sonree."  Instead  tie  -ays.  th'.ti^h  J.sus 
Christ  and  God  the  Father,  mipi>iii.i;  iini 
in  ids  call  to  the  aiio-th-hi|)  (!od  w.is 
workiiiii  in  and  ihronuh  Cliri-t.  So  r.ud 
dcscrilu's  iiini-ell  a-  not  merely  "oalle.l 
(to  he  I    an   a]-  -th  "    (  l    <         '     I  Im 


(  lin-ii.ins  ni  the  <-ity  froni  wliieli  he  ir. 
wriiini;.  Inn  app,iri-n;i\  all  his  companions 
in  u.irk  .unl  tr.ivil.  lie  tiiay  inelude  tliem 
111  -hou  that  the  view-  ■.--..!  m  ili.- 
litter  .'ire  Hot  onlv  Id-  own.  :  .  hiii.! 
hv  oili.r-;  a-.l  Vet  it  i-  li.e.l  h.  Ii.m- 
l!..:t  I'a-  :ii''-:'e  wh.p  m.iint.aiue.i  .>  .,ir 
111 -tl\  tlu  duiui  iiriL:;n  ..i  hi-  !.;.'-p.  l  and 
.i;..  ■-!!.-liip  wonl.I  h.i\.  aii.itiiiuii  th.ii  sueh 
sllpl^ir!  .-eLlnl  ar.e  L.il  -liiiik'lll  t.i  hi- 
1  .lu-r.  i 'r-  •!  a!  K  it  i-  < mlv  .i  frs-  i;>!!\  ii 
el;!-;. '11    of    iri,  i'.i.;]'-    Ktli  r    to  the 

churches  —  ■'  m  ri-  ^e^era^  —  in  Galatia 
i-  I  ii!ph.iiie:iii  .vii,  thon-li  hi-  a--o- 

e!:iiis    may    -h.i  h;-    ^'ii.iiiu:  Ihi- 

.ili-i  iiee  of  any  -n>  n  li.  .i!or:ih!e  ejiillu  t 
!r..n.  ilie  word  e/.  a  i , /j.-.v  a-  i-  ii-i!;il  with 
I'.iul  in  Ihe  inirodueti.'ii  of  In-  IiUei-.  i- 
-iu'iiitk-.-mt  alike  of  the  eoiiditi.iii  of  the 
( ial.iti:!!!-.  and  of  the  s,.v,-rity  of  Paul's 
inooil.  They  are  not  "  heloved  "  or  "  samls  " 
or  ■■ -:inetiti<  d  " :  they  are  not  even,  like 
eoneeit.d  ,iiid  tnrhnlent  (.'orintli  (I  Cor.  i. 
2;  J  Cor.  i.   I),  "eliiirclies  of  Cunl" 

3-5.  \  ;  i'.;;;i  i;.;s  f;iven  unique  i:ii[iln- 
sis  10  th..'  l.iel  and  origin  of  Iii^  apo-tle- 
-h;p.  -o  ,d-.i.  f'.r  r.-a-..!!-  eoiin.  li  w  i'h 
th.-   -itnatioti   in   rial;ili,a.   he   i  \i"  m,!-  rhr 


■llil'V  err. 


Grace 


to  you  and 


called  in  the  liiv;he-t  p.  — il.le  way.  by  I  peace  from  God  our  Father  and  the  Lord 
Jesus  Christ   Himself,  and  therefore  on  ,  Jesus  Christ  u'-  i  Cor.  i.  3,  2  Cur.  1.  i), 

220 


Cii.  IJ 


(lALATlANS. 


6  I  inarvi-I  that  yo  arc  so  <m.ii  rcniovt  .l  j  -  \\  l:u  li  t-  i  :iiii>!' <t  ;  Imt  tiu  r.-  l>c 
fn.ni  him  thai  callVtl  y»ii  iiili>  ihc  yraif  i  s.unc  th.i'  -i;  :;1.K  \  .iii.l  w.'iiKl  ju  rviTt 
<>f  Christ  iitiio  atiothcr  gnsjiel :  ■  thv  K"-P*1       «^  hri^t 


tiy  a  >i^n:l"ii-ai:t  .1!'! '.' A>  ur  -Ii  1' 
Ml',   till-   1  ilt'i't   "I   ti.i  'li.r.ii 

of  Chri-I  \\.i>  .il!' i!i.T  !in-nii(!<  i hy 
the  Jiid.ii.irs  uiin  'inmht  i<i  tiiuliT.'inu- 
rattl's  W'  l'k;  tU'rilMfr  hf  lhrii«^  ih:»  m!  ) 
(ho  f.in  ir.'i.i  ji  M's  i-*  oiu-  who  gave 
Himself  t"  ihi-  .ii  uh  for  our  ains  (it  i 
O'V.  XV.  ,( I — ami  if  llimsclt,  \vli:it  I'i 
tlicrc  left  Icir  ritual,  unliii.iiKi'-.  nr.iii'! 
cision  to  i  iTn  t?  — in  order  that  He  minht 
DELIVER  us  out  of  the  present  world 
or  ij^'r.  whii'h  i-  .111  evil  \....i.lni^ 
t'l  oititjitipor.ary  Jiui^h  lulu  1,  ili.u  w<:i- 
two  ti^,  s  (oiuji-et )— tills  ai:<l  tli.it  wliii  ii 
is  to  i-oiiR'.  'rii>  auc  W.I  ''^1.  i;'iilrr  t!i'- 
(loniitlioil  of  ]"n\>r-.  1     ''u-  iu  \t.  ti">l 

\vonM  rrv^;,.  ;,!-!  .'.'.l  w-'-M  I-'  ah.  .li-li.-,L 
I'aul  I.ikc  -  MM  t  111  hi  1'.  an  1.  ni  !.ikrv; 

it    ii\rr.    I  r.  11     ■riii^    it.     Ilr    r.  nanS  '.a- 
ili-.ith   ct    l.i;n~t   a>   \\w   tuniiny   iH.;iit  m 
hi-;'>r\;   .iiil   wr.'.ii'U!.  .1' Mini,  iiiiiii;  'la- 
i.-|iato'.ii:ii  .il  ho  i<  '.;ar<l^  iho  n.  w  a^e 

.ilna.lv  l.o-mi  f.T  ih.i^o  wla'  In.'  ao- 
c.|ii..l  !!n  ilolivoraiu  o  illii-ii'd  l.y  tho  oross 
(.:  Clir:-'.  Iho  ■•w.iihl  !o  o..mo"  1-  x\y\. 
>.  .  iiiiK-li  .1  u..rh!  oi  I'.io  I'mtiro  .i>  a  -\n'C- 
iinal  wuiM  wliioli  oxi^is  ovon  in  tho  prcs- 
oiit  ayo.  thouuli  it  will  only  att.iin  il-  oon- 
sumnialion  whoii  t'liri>t  coiuon  ai:aiii 
"The  ppostlo-  spoak  of  t!iom>clvo-  ,::;i| 
their  Koiion  tion  a^  li\iiii:  011  the  t!.>ni'.  r 
of  two  :ooii>.  tho  Y'  \  tran^t'ornny  tin  in 
as  it  wore  aoro-<  tho  lu.nlor"  1  l.iiihtfo.it  r 
It  is  .sin  that  l.iii.i.  r-  "  I'l.-  .■■.niMi'.;  a..;o." 
hut  from  tln^.  Ir.  m  all  li  .  .\  1-  "I  'ho 
pro-oiit  nuo.  iiiohidiai;  tho  !■  l;..1:-iii  oi  tli.' 
Jiui-!i  vohuioii.  Chn-t  lli.  Kilivor.i; 
the  (..'o-'pol  an  oniani-ipali.  .ii.  Iho  •i.il.i- 
tiaiis.  l,v  till  ir  ~ii'-.r\^-  .  lao  h.-ral- 
aco  of  iho  law.  woio  imi.ini;^'  ti'!-,  ami 
frn-iraliii-;  <<■'./  l"r  'iair  do- 

.iM'iati.T,     I'.T    all    I'  l'^'     ''  I  ■ 

and  tho  .1.  ..Ill  ..|   I  '       '  ■     ,  •■ 

oiYoot.d  —  u.i-  in  accordance  with  the 
will  of  our  God  and  Father;  and  tho 

\in  ni.liU..;;  .l'  llio  -.11  ni^;  j.nrii"-.  ■■!  '  io<I 
r.-ah,  .  rl  ;a  ( '!;r.-i  o.i'i-.  -  iii.'  a;M.-'lo  !.■ 
hn,ii<    foi'h    If. I   .1    •jrai.lnl   a-ori!il  1. .11  "f 

pr.n-o:  to  whom  bei  the  glory  wnioh  i> 
Hi-.  <lno  for  ever  and  ever  ^ur.to  the  ij.i^o.i 
of  ttte  lilacs).  Amen. 


Cioac  I'f.'ii  llu-  Traili'n      the  Costrl 
(i.  h-W). 

6,  7.    The  very  itntisital  introduotioii  lots 


f,  ,  I  ih.    k.    n  ■i'.n.  n!ir,v;k  .1  of  -"r 

i.'W.   ■■i!].!!-.  ai.lii:!' i- !  n.  wi'h  •.liuli 

iho        .'tlo    li  is   ki  nu-'iid    ni'.'H   In-,  l.t^k. 

At  on.a-  i!  hl.i...-  foil'.;  I  am  astonished. 

X.nvhoro  o!-.  il..o-  I'.'d  k.-.-m  .1-  h.io. 
I'snaliy  ho  ho-nis  uiih  .m  •  xi-r.  -.i..;!  of 
coiiKr.ilnl.iia.M  or  tl:.ii'k uiv;  t,,r  the 
spini'-.d  [.'•■i;v-~  '.  h\  i;  -  ,■,  a  •  1  .n.!- 
,  ;,• ,  1  .-I  I  h,-~s. ).  I  .  a  111.-  I  ..i  '.ithi  .n 
I  >.,    w     -o   .itt.im-    <•■•  ■    '•'  ft  ••"> 

ho  ih  -iri  .1,  wi TO  >  ot  ...  -  ■!  I  ■!  '1  1  ■!■  llio 
I'.oo  wraots  in  whioh  ll  i  .  w  -  1 r.  aih.  O  'li- 
s|i!i-itoi!s    -  s"  .  oh  .r-.l  I  I   '  --r. 

1      51:     k  -.1  :  ill     I  i-.i  1"  I     1-  d.-- 

lilo!.,!.!.-.  I  \ .  n  11  ai;.o.  .i;  .!  1  '-I'd  o.ni  01-,'y 
1  \i.rr--  k; ,  p.iii:  .iiai  1  .I'-kir.  lit  1 1  is 
tl,o  |i.  !  \oi  -i.'ii  111  ill.-  Vi-  I  k>  h.ij 
pr.  ,.-ho.|  tk.i!  h.\-  stniiil  In-  >"iil  lo  ils 
1, ;.■!;-.  ind  Mriii.!  hi-  on-ioin.'ry  o..m- 
na  n.l.i'  .11-  mi.  >  .in  ,ni.r  k.  in  1  I  .an  .1 
toni  lu.l  that  you  are  so  quickly  chang- 
ing—  (d.-ivni;;  tho  roiioKado.  tho  tnrno. ..it  — 
from  Htm  (i.tv  li'it.  not  Ikiiib  who 
called  you  through  the  grace  of  Christ. 
It  womIcI  ho  i;r  itniiiatio.ilK  i"-  .Mo  to 
tr.ni-!  ;io  ;  "11. .111  t  lni-;  wlio  o.d'.  d  voti  in 
^;iaOo;"  k'''  iki-  -  liiiiir. .ikli  .  .i~  it  1-  .d- 
ways  (i.../  wh.i  .  I'i^  ■■11  wiMo--.-s 

to    tho   to\t   otni!  t!:r;-t':    .ind  llio 

s.  ii-r  thus  soonrod  \\.>-il  1  k,-  tlaiion-kly  in 
k'  .  pin.^'  w  nil  iho  -Jia  1!  ■  I  tho  rpi  -'k  "  It.'Ul 
llini  who  ..dk.l  I.  II  -.1  I!---  <  -  d.i- 

nati';  u  'a  ik  ir  1  a,.';  i-i.  w  tni-'i'  -^  ihi--r 
haok-  ..II  ».;r.ao.  I'.'il  loi  il.'-'i  x,n.'r,a  is 
1  riirin  il      i  ho    o  i'l    o.inio    ki     ii.-  m  -  "I 


('kri-'\  ur  i.'o.  h  n!  lk.it  l..r  is-  k.i-i-  I  h.' 
^iv.i.f  ..r  I  i.ii-!  1-  ;:  o  -pint  ukiih  k  .1  hint 
>t.i..p  p.  -k.iro  •o-r  n'..r'al  kn-.  '-\ 
ohaimo  tho  rik-hos  ili.it  u.-ro  Hi-  m  IIis 
pro  i-\i-'ont  -la'o  f  a-  o..r  p..u.i;>  ( -00  _> 
r.ii  Mii  i;i  ik  it  ,pirii  '.\kioh  n.iolio-  iu 
1  '.j!u-i  ni.iiiil. -I  iM..n  ill  III-  uivni;;  lliin- 
..  It  p.  ik.-  d.  ill  i  .f  "in-  -in-  (  vvT.  4>. 
It  ;-  \or\  -i^niliiMiil  ..!  {'.-ml'-  nr!n..vah!e 
oont'i'lonoo  in  hi-  own  (iri- -or.t.i'i. m  of  tlii- 
L'..-poi  tk.it  ho  do-otiko-  ih-  t..;-akin'-'  .>f 
in-  'jo-pol  f.>r  an. .ill. r  a-  .1  f..i  i  -  -  f 
Co.!,  tha  t;..'I  of  i:r.i.-.- :  n  1-  a  >  '  1'  to 
i  another  type  {irumi  :  of  gospel,  which 
;is  not  another  v^     •  '     In   -p;'.  tho 

jof   anoih.T    I  -ia!'    a'  .1    a.\\.>s    t  iiii  tk.-r  .it 
I  tho  -.11110  land  I    i-  k-.    ii'.  ii'.-m-  .ii.'I.llv 
!  Iiiaint.iiiird    ;a   laP-r   a-   i".    .  !a--ia..|    ( ni-.-k 
I  ,  f    1    |,,.     ■    4  \\iiin-  >ripof  -i  i'ins   !■>  ho 
(ipaal  '.■<  nW.iti.  HI  .i  p.i--.i).;o  llko  thi-  it 
sooiii-  ii.itnr.il  t"  -upiio-o  that  tlioro  is  a 


GALATIANS. 


[Ch.  1 


8  Miit  tlu.iiKh  wo,  ur  an  fr-m 
hiiiMii.  vn.uli  :in\  .itliir  go^iKl  iinlo  yii 
UiHii  ili.it  vvliK-li  «v  liavc  preached  unto 
jiMi,  li  t  liiiii  Iti'  ;h-ciii>i<1. 


iiiiio  ill. Ill  that  ye  have  received,  let 
Iniil  bi-  .Ki'iir-i'il 

10  I'lir  <l'>  I  ii"w  prrsimdc  men,  or 
(mxI?  or  (U)  I  Mck  t..  pU  iic  men?  for  if  I 
\.t  jiUasiMl  nun,  1  >liould  not  be  the  ser- 
\;iiit  i»f  Christ. 


which 
w.is  a 
wliich 

thinu- 


tli<- 

I'.lllt 

lint 

lliiiii;  : 

(  0\  h 


real  and  intentional  diNtnnti'Mi  (it.  ."r. 
XII.   «-ii>».    IIk-   i.;<'>['il   '  •    l>u;il'-ii'-  ''V 
( i.ilali.iii^   "'Tt  h(  lilt;  t.ii)|it<.!. 
lit   :iiioihiT  km  i   th.ri   ill  <\ 
jirradiMl    -aii..llu-r    /v^''  "> 
the    Hi'-l"!    i-^    .'i'''''  ■'" 
llirio  iMnii.'l  Im'  tu.i  Of  iii'.ie 
I  .  -  iluTi-    C.iU  I'C 
uWo  )   liian  llu'  "110.     I     i''  i-^ 
only  ■■111  ■•        ;l  iirus  ■'— >.ii\.ilioil  I'V  VilMi  t-; 
s:il\.iti.'n    1a    ,  n.Mliliivr   «.l->'  i"'^^''- 
■|hi-  iiKMiiHii;  ituKi.iro  i.ractK-allv  is:  "to 
,.|,„„1„  r     ,-!.>!  uhi.  h  1-  no  K.-pi-   al  all. 
I'  ,,,1     ;,  -i..!ii-lu  (l  tli.il  llii^i  dr.mnc  lia^  conu- 
,,wr  tlic  (..il.itiaiis  so  whrth.T  s(« 

ill,  r  tluir  conversion,  or  nfrc  proli- 
,.  Iiulillv;  a  little  d.  V.  r  talk  on  tlu' 
1"  till'  jii.lai/cr>.  aii<l  lo!  the  dal.i- 
;,ic  lici;iiiiiiiik'  to  tr.iii-i'i-  i'i>-ir  all>- 
^lancc  to  another  uo-p- 1  H  e  cli  iii'^e  t^r 
which  I'anl  ^-o  vluiiuinly  iipl  raids  tncm 
is  tini  vet  coinpU-le:  It  i-  "till  111  l>n>e<-- 
_v.  i/  '."V  (preO;  only  there 

are  some  who  are  confusinR  you.  and 
who  are  desirous    -ti  -i  ^l!  i' ■  v        '  !  •  t 


■II  \ie\v  of  .111 
II  1  niricly  of 


I  III 

ly 

!  I 
tl.lll.- 


8.  9- 


'Wll  I 


I! 

er:'iinii,it 
with 

I  hi-  new 
nvei  "al 


—  of  reversinj; 
I  Christ,  i-p> 
i,,ri;inof  A.  K.  V. 

Iv     i;niU-     p"-  i- 
'■  .-in.  .llier  v;.  spel 
,■  Ih.it  llu  ;-.-  are 
};o-pel   is  Miuply  a 
of   the  gojpil  of 


r  t: 

,  ill, 


yet    c,  iiiiph  u  ly  >'KCi 
the  gospel  of  (  . . 

ciailv  of  1  ii"  ■.■'I'  <■■ 
link".  i" 
Ml..  oiV  aWo  uith 
:,  hiJi  is  '■•■il 
-.■ill,,  lie." 

m' '  -ioii,  a 
t.  li!i--;t.  ,  .  , 

r.i'i  ii..iI:hi-'  call  he  more  ;iutiil 
]„  i  \,  :i  .  r  I'  ,  t';e  .i:.-',"  1  ■  1 
;,  ."r-r.|  he  il  o-e  who  attempt  it, 
1m  .  I  he  v-pect  r.iiil  ha,l 
,  r--al'  111  <l,  ci  ee  <  .\el-  -W.  I 
111  e,,iii'iien,hni;  it  to  ihe  cili,-  tliroimh 
w  hich  he  p.i">il  (  Vet"  N\i.  4 )  t  .l: -tin  r 
wiili  his  eiiennici.-ion  of  liiii.i!,iy  lAet- 
xvi.  .0  ni.iy  h.a\e  e\po-"l  him  _tj'  tlie 
charvrl-  of  >\mpai!iy  wi-'i  ■'.inil.aiMn"  (  ver. 
It.  14  I  in  "pie  ,il  Ir-i  Ko"pel  t'f  tree  yr.ice. 
But  he  is  iM-.  par,  ,1  t"  have  hi-  ciir-e  h.eht 
upon  hiiiiM  II.  -^•■■■i'l  V  !'Mii-'i 

to  tiiat  e  V  1  ;  thouRh  we  ■  I  ■  .  or 
even  an  angel  from  heaven  pre.ich  to 
you)  a  gospel  contrary  to  the  one  which 
we  preached  to  you  —  curse  upon  him. 

I  he-,'  are  terri!  u,ir,!-,  hn!  thev  are  not 
saul  in  tlie  iie.it  of  p.i-"ioii :  Paul  nieans 
what  he  says,  and  he  deliherately  and  sol- 


emnly repeat-  ii.  thi-  time 
.icln.il  I  u  ilh  iiinuv  I  .mil 
,1    liypolhetu.il  Milil.)    uII'.ihUt.  As 

we  have  said  before  in..'  111  \rr._.*<.  hut 
Iir..h.ilily  on  hi-  -iciul  \i-ii  to  ("i.il.itia ) 
so  now'  again  1  say,  if  any  one  is  preach- 
ing  10  volt  I, a  p.-peli  contrary  to  thmt 
which  you  received  from  me  —  curse 
upon  him  (ht.  U  t  him  he  amitliriiia,  tU- 
\oti;l;  originally  in  a  K'X'd  "' n  e.  ih  voti  il 
to  (lod;  then,  in  a  b.ul  ">  ii-e.  to  the  aiiL;i  r 
of  Cioil.  to  tie>triiiti"n  1.  Not  only  h.ul 
he  pri ached  it  (Mr.  Si  but  they  ha>I  ii- 
It  — which  mail.-  tluir  apostasy  the 
u.ii-e.  'ihoie  who  ,-,.utr.i,lict  r.iulV 
p,  1  ot  ihe  ur.-u-e  oi  <i..il  are  eipi.illy  worthy 

i.  f  anallhiua  with  tli"-e  who  do  not  love 
the  Loiil  (  I  f.  r  \M.  '^'f'  "  miL;ht 
me;m  (a-  the  I'r,  .le-!.iiils.  o|ip,i  cl  1.1  tra- 
liitioii.  iii.iiinaiiu  il  a.  air.-t  I'  e  K'lin.in 
(  .itlulic-l  ■■ /•  tii.it  w'lieli  I  |ireaeluil  "  ; 
hut  llie  C'liiiM  whiili  CO,  ieuipl.it,  s  a  )  r- 
;.:.Ui!  iif  th,-  Ko-Ji'  1  '  ci.  \ ,  r.  ^.  "i  -h.iu- 
•h.it  the  woi  il  pr.'.ciieally  iiu  .iii-  "  c^  .iiir-iry 

ID.  'I  he  ihii'li'i  p' .  iuoiiiiccnunt  of  so 
-ohuin  a  eur-e  -lows  that  i'aul  is  in 
,l,a,llv  eanu -I.     Ih'  m-iy  in  the  p.ist  have 

h.  1  u  aceu-' li  of  seikiiiK  to  win  men  by 
euuuiimK  c 'lupl.ii-.iiit  "pei  ch  :  hilt  surely, 
at  aiiv  rite,  tin  v  c.iim'.t         th.it  of  him 

ii,  i.v.  '  Such  tert^iMe  wonls  arc  not  the 
laHL'uaue  of  a  in.in-r:.  ::-rr  I  h'.ph.  si.  <i». 
For  now  is  it  men  that  I  am  soeknuf 
I  I  conciliate,  or  God?    Ili-  o- 1    c.in-  is 

|o  please  (io.l  I.\  his  xiyi  r  u-  di  r  u-e  "f 
•lie  i;o-ik1.  r.-u--et  sii'J^e-!-  th.il  llu-  m.iy 
1,,.  I'.ikI'-  r. '..M  t.i  -otiie  m-iunaiion  that 
wilh  his  ■-■'.U-  .-irl-  he  wiiM  heuuil,' 
lU't  only  nun  hil  <  i"il  Ihm-rll.  Or  do 
'  seek  to  please  men?  .'siu  li  -p.  rcli  i-  bttle 
jl'K.ly  to  jihasi.-  tin  in.  I'  lul  eou'il-  I  iui- 
-vlf'lhe   -er\.iiit   of  ^'r•!^::   A-iA   tl;  i,U,:e. 

if,  .iiier  mv  conversu  u  c.ll.  I  were 
still  pleasing  men.  I  would  not  be  mv 
loniier  the  servant  of  Christ.    N  '  man 

i,  :,u  -erve  !wo  m.i-'v:-  Mu-.:-!:  H.-r,-  is 
j-u,'!i  a  ihii"-;  a-  ail.iuiimr  "ne's  -,lf  to  men 
;  f,,,.  ^.,,-;m  1'-  -ak.'  I  1  ("or  ix.  I'J  ff.  ). 
I'ur  p,,li.  \  .'•.'>  .'.^  'U'  hiiili  them  ami  Christ 
I  I-  iiiiiM,-s;l,!e.  Taul,  ilie  -ervant  (slave>  of 
lc"/,iL«f.  chooses,  if  the  occasion  demands 
lit.  to  use  lansuase  which  will  startle  and 
i  displease  men. 


The  oiH'iiinR  pa'«»aKi'  "f  'I'''  I'-pi^'l' 
criiili's  tlic  iiiii>ri'>>i"ii.  which  is  conliriiuil 
by  every  siilistiiiuiii  \vi>r>l,  th.it,  in  the  -it- 
Ucltton  wliich  I'atil  hiic  ail'lri --1^,  iritm  ii- 
(loiis  i-Mu  s  art-  at  ^Kiko.  It  ".is  iidllnik; 
K-^'<  iiM>  <  ■!  til. in  t!u'  iiniii  .-  "i  ihi'  v:--ik  1 
of  Cliri-I.  .uiil  ti>  I'.titl  I'.ii 
thmu'.  I  lii-  |ir<-Mit  wtM  i  omI.  it  >l  ulIs 
iiitiniti  K  in  mill  -f  a  -"I'l  :i  ^<'' 

ih-i'iiH-r:  ami  in  ClniM  ih. I^.mI  cntwc. 
■Ihn.iii-li  I  Inn  and  c-p^  cialls  'Im  -mi.:!!  !Ii> 
(hath,  ini.iiuiiiatmn  Ivin  th.-  -in  anl  rvil 
..f  lh<-  u.  rhl  hail  W'.n.  an.l  hy  lli- 

api'-ih'  h.iil  hicti  |>r'K-laiini<l. 

lint  thi>  kos|hI  o{  uraoi-  wa<  i-nnfroiito<l 
l)v  anotlitr,  which  cniitrailictid  it  :.n<l 
which  coiiUi  therefore  be  no  k;o-pel  ^  I  lie 
tnes-iaKC  of  the  Jmlaizirs.  instta.'  "t  *  <U- 
liveriiijf"  men,  left  them  still  <\\  ti^ir  lit- 
ter;!, slaves  of  rite  ami  ceremony,  li.nulnieit 
and  not  free;  and  it  tlicy  triumpheJ,  then 


ll.nl    >  ir.ll 
M...1I    1!.  I>T 

I  iii.iiu  i|i.ili"n.  1 
|t.iii-li"tt.iti"ii 


r  w  't'l  t  Iiri-i  I  iiiil\ .   1-  I  III  1  ~f 
It.   .111.!  .1-    I'.i  il   I:. i'l  •m-l.r 
-   It    1'  .iiiMliiiiK.   I'    «  IS 

<■  hmiiK       tlie  l.iinUn.  ilie 
I  th,   -xiill  "lit  ot  ("'.  »er, 
ihi- 
flie 


I '  I'll- 
vv ' 1  1 ' 

111  't. 


.» I    oiu'   \M>rlil   inii>  .iiioihiT     Will  re 
.■iii.iiu-:)i.ili"n    w.i>    If't  aci-.imiili~hr.l. 
u.-prl  ii  iil  f.ii'i"!  of  it^  \>v\Hr  u'.ik.  «1 
iliiH    i  tii.iii,  iiMti"H    \va->    ilchlii  r.iu  lv 
i.li.iteil.  anil  1>' •n'l.ik;f  t^'  i  vtcriiil-.  -n 
. wr  kinil.  wa-  niM-ttil  np.'ii  .1-  1  i"t 
c.i  s:iU.ttit.l).  the  ^"■'pil  «a-  .hnii  ! 
111....I   \ital   |ioinl     t'nr-il.   -iv  -  1'' 
e\iry  ««ie  who  prfil.mn-.    ir.  -<■■■'< 
a^  that.     I  hat   is  no         !  I    it  ill 
i  l.iinlt  :i  "i  nr.liii  if'  i'-  h:i- 
'  ii|M  >n   till-   \\  1  11  ''il'h  r 

..,i.-  h.M"-:!.:  -.i'^ 

I,  not  .  r.  w  -  (  o' -,•  1  11  1'  I). I'l,  the 
j  wi.r-t ;  for  it  1-  i  tr.iM-i*.  iii'lu'l  a  ri\ir-al 
lijf  the  true  Ko?i>el  of  Cuisl. 


1  1.  ! 
,.|  tl.. 


I,. 


Ji 


.1.  tint 


iiALATlANS. 


[Vu.  1 


riiF  cK'icix'  (>!•  iv\ri;s  cai.i.  and  oi'  iiis  (.os- 

A.\n  Ills  mNsioi  i,.\  r  indkpknduxci-:  as 

AN  AH  )S  li.lC  <  i.  >  i-ii.  -m  >. 

,.r(itv  l.ittlHfii.  t!i:il  tl  ,    ti.-n  in  tiiiu-  pa-t  in  tin-  .!.«>'  ri'isixn,  t  -'W 

,  u.,x  1,1, .„  !  ,.!  ul  iiK    I-      l   ill. it    1h>..iiiI    tm.i-iiro    I    i»  r-iiiiii<l  iIil- 

.  t  Ml ,  li  1  i  •  i'mI.  ;itiil  w:i-ti  il  i' :  _ 
I       It'll  r  r>.-iivt<I  il  <  l  111.11.       u    Ami  |'i'"ii'>'l   m         J<-»^"  rrliKinn 

all  M-  111. my  iii>  "I'l  il^  unm-  own  ii.iH.iti, 
\•i•\u^•  timri-  i  m n  il  iicly  /talfii-"  <>t  llii  tta- 
ilitii'ti^  I'i  my  i.iiIhts. 


11       I'.M'  I 

j:,.-|M  I   u  li!.  Il  u 1 
;il'i  1  11 

\J     I    -  , 

iPii':,!  W.I    I  I  .Mniii  .;,  lull  liy  tin:  rvvil.i- 

t|..li  ..|    I.  (  i.ri-i. 

1  ■    I  ,.i  >.  li  ivc  iii.iMl  of  my  conviT-a- 


■I  lir  unii  ul  "  t  i-'-       ill-'  -ilLick  iIilT.  TMii  .Ty.rii.  !»  rli.ii.ii.  .■iii-I  !■ .Ir.miatic, 

,1,,.  ,          |,,.t  i,,t.il  •■       I>i  I.'    1-  11"  1'   .s    ■M  il-  liu  l.it;nii«  •■  llii.'iivll  llu-  -inrit 

,1,',,,  ,i|  |.-.i.l!irii  I  li!ii-i  It.  ..tl.  1(1  ('.T.  il    liii;  I'Mt  till'  nur.iu'c  li<  rf  i» 

1,\   11  111  h  i-  1..  .11  s..  .  all.-.l  ami  I  tin. IT  tialnrallv  to  llir  iitii.ino  M-i'.il  which 

,  ,,ni!iii"i..i!.  .1.    Il  1-  1I111..1  lani         I'. ml  t. . ' ,  i  .i imrd  liis  liti-  and  nave  Iiim  hi-  K"-'l'<--l. 
II. ik,   '1.1-  |.iiiitl  .-'.Mr.  l..!..r.'  iu'  i.i..i-<;-.N, 


l\iHrs  InJ.f^lHl.iu.-  .  '  i!:.-  .If'^tL-s 

( i.  l.^  -» ). 

13,  14.    I'aiil  now  pri.iTi'.N  t..  .-^tnl'Ii-li 


n  ... -  .  •       I   ■  .  .  , 

11.  i-.r:-.  ill.'  \x..i"l  I'  ll  h  i\i'  II"  ni'.i'i'  wil',;lit 
ill, ,11  III,  iii  iii  1".  Iiiii.l  il.  Ill-  11.'..-  im!1>i1 
,!,,ui.  ,1  .  a  .■  iii...n  ,ill  \vh..-f  M"-|'tl  »■'"''- 
Ir.i.!:.  1-  I       111'  liii-  iiia.lo  for  liis  own 

,„  I  il:,    -t  ■Mni|..ii-  <-!.iiiil  of  hi  111,14  tilt'  "11'.^  I     'J.  •"»•  I-.-  -;   1^ 

L.iMul     \\ii»  i-i  this  nun?  ami  by  wli.it   M-^  .•..nt..nti..ii  th.it  lu-  -IlI  y\  i..mm'  In- 

aitMv.T  "ihrs,.  ,|ni-vtM.ns  that    I'anl  cn;.-s  th.n  .n  r..    ;   ri...!      1  r-         i,.  .v,.m..ii 
int.-  the  f..llo\\iin:  «l.t.iil>.l  ami  cxtn-in.  Is  .  ^o  far  1:  .m  .    r         ■  t  i  ' 
\ahia!.K-  account  of  hi>  call  ami  the  se.nt.  l   iiithui  .    _  '     '    ,      ,   '  A,^., 

,  '.!nr,li     lor  you  liearU  uf  my  former 

j  manner  of  life  in  Judaism,  bow  that  be- 
I  yond  measure  I  kept  persecuting  mnpf  > 
y'j«/>  ( '.i^r  ■'/>■.■  '''■  i ''^^  church   of   God   -a    -  •!.  tun  plir-i-c. 

■  I'i'ir^ 

,,    ,j)  l-.-i.tk-..  :.-  ;■    l..'.!-.-  l.i'K   til"'!!  Ill--  MT.Jil.- 

(,t    1  (  T         'il     and  devastating 
II  For   I   Rive   you   to   know,   . -  .d.  uur  l  '.)""•"■  in  X.t- i\.  ji  1  it.    I  lu- 

brethren'     ti- ■   fir  t     .!•.  . -o'.  i^'    «or.|    in   <  ...1  .'i.im-    m  iv    I'oo    I'.n.l    th.'   Mory  ..f 
,.  that  the  fospel  preached  by   f  ■■T-  i..rnt,  r  h.f.-  ir.,ni       ,,i.i...iu.iit-.  ul... 

me  is'  not  attcr  .^^  human  fashion  -r  tt..  d-.-ibj  tv..tto.l  b-n  with  !•.  •>.«  a  ^""x  ,.-:a 
"  ,..'11.1    for       .!■  -  •    I  '  '"i-'ii  (\'T.,i.-t.  v.r,  (..;  h-H    1        I'm'^   .artain  t!:al 

11"  Neither   did    1   for   my   part   inu..   tl,..y  li.ad  ab..  h.  anl  |K  -•■  •  ^  ir.in  ln~  ..^ii 
receive  it  from  aitv  man  by  iranMni-i..ii  b|-..  bo'in  'b.  --ixfcb.^  '''\,   V  T'"  .." 
.„•      „l,t  ..n.  nor  was  I  \.^  otlvrs  |..niMlty    v-.m.  u.   ,  ..  :  MifN.'  thu   I'anl  ..tt|.:     :  ^ 
tauRhtit.  but  .•  t.i  im-  through  ta   ^r. 'r-..!  ■  ■         ..wn   ,...-t.   n    ul,..-.l  to 

revelation    from   Jesus   Christ.    I,    was  ^  „:  >  n.  v     .  ..     ,      wb..  ha.l  ...^  ■ 

,„.t  but  Uni.<t   U-f.  v.r    i>  wb..  r.-'.r..l  bin.  f.-tn  \ti.!  ,  .a-         - ... ./  (>.  r 

...lid  It     In  spito  of  ver.  K,  -"it  „ba^>-.l   ^..-ttti.-n  -t  «  ■.r.--i.a.   (  bur.  h   '  yl  ■  - 

l  .VTV.1/  ll,s  son  ,n  mo")  the  en-         -  M...n      .!  .  ,tit,,,.,,.,tt  an  ....a-./  .1  1 
t..vt   -b.iws  ll'.it   X/i.Jroi.  luu   1-.  Mtl  HA-ln.    ■v'-'^  -.  v   t<  t  :  >      '-         -    i.'i.         .1    .  >.  1. 

mn  obi:"iv.  .'nitivc:  m.t  a  nv.bni.m  of.  !.    ^' -I' J-^.  ;  ",':.„'";;: 


conccrr.'':'.;    .  .ii  1 


V.  f.'.'rt 


■  » ■  ■  •   —     .  .     .  '  ■  I     .    ,    ,  '    ,  I  \   n.-i  ^    i'i-     .  n.  i   t ra.lii  loll* 

from  Him    ' '  ''T'. '  '     And  I  kept  advancinR  in 

 a:^■ot■tb;'l'v^.:■l'M;l;  juda,sm  '-v-^-"y..'^^-y^-;:„:«:; 


tin-   rcvil.ili.iii    at    hi-      nr. .  .  -  .  .11, 

...  .'-  an-.-  01;  ibo  wav  l-  I  i.niia~.  ti -  ;  -v.  :  .'  Ji 

'      '       ,   \     ■                                    t              ■!•  •     ■  '                    !■                    .|.II  -      111      '111'  Iv.iiM.iiin.il 

,    '           'f;-  ..^l}^^^^  an^-^ns    "^y    ■''"•'^'^  kinsmen 

Limis  and'at  l-licr  turn  ^  - .  Cor.  Mi.  ..ctib       being  more  exceedingly  .ed- 


Cm.  11 


O.VI.ATIANS. 


•"^  "  I       ■     ,  ,    ,„  •.,.  lu.iit  inl.i  Vr.il.i.i.  .111.1  titnni-.l  ..vj.iiii  HUM 

,,,     I  .,   ,,  \,    '    hi-    -^..11    in   nv.   tiMf    1  D.ini.i-.-t!^ 

:;:i;;.'u    I  omum.!  .^.t  ll,-U  ..W,    I.r.,.:,>,,n  ■    r.t.r,  .,,..1    ,•...!.-  svitU 


ous  tlirm  tl..>  for  my  a.ues,ral  1  -  :•'  '  •  •  'Tj  '•••!,,"•  V"  T  '! '''''' 

.1,;  ',.    „.„!  u..n-.    I'.i.il.    l!..-    IM...ti...-  i:..    |..  n:-  ,  ,  ,t  t!..  n,...u.nl 

,  \,,-  (.    I'l.il.  n:  I..nn-.l.i  \   'i  ..I         r.  \  •    i'  n 

.M-,k,n;...:M..    ...  ...  •■  .6.17.     Il.u:-.-';.;  '  ^ 

,.   1  V  .  r.l  ,.(,■.!      ,^  111...-.     V'kI  I  '•■    '■'    •'■  '    .  •  •' 

;;;.K':.\,;'..i''iM.''i:. oi.. ...  '  immediately  h.  u., ■:.! ...  • 

.5.  i6.  w.'.'.uM  .■M..Mi^!,..i.     ••  -  v;;  .'.     ■,'   :  ; 

!::■■       V.",  "iV-  "-"i.V  '  ii--!'"iVn  I  dt.i  m.t  c.nsutt  .u->ii  .....1 

1  „;,   1,    ,     ,         i'      ••  ,■     •   Ir.  Ill   blood.   ;  .  '■ 

I,; . .,, .,  ^  i   when     - -  i  i.^.h          \  '    to  jeru- 

it  was  the  Rood  j.ie.isure  of  Him..       •  •        '  ' ..;  '        :  "■,|.'; 

separated  ^  inc.   \  y  jj'  ^-.f  7.  from  my  the  apostles  uii..  «"  r.-|.-..!l.    before  me 

r  SicTT^h^ouuh  ins  ^ra^e  ■!  T':^  'buM:;el;;away  io^A^abi^. 

.../  /  /.          to  reveal  His  son  in  •■•              •••  ' '• 

me.  II.'-  r.-x.!..t.. n  ..^1..  f  ' ;.;;;„; 

1,„„.  lii.n.  t!,..,!       II  .1...-  '■'  1^^ 

.111.1  tiu' ui'M"--''-'''''' .  '    "  '.         ,  ,, 

con-i-t.-.l  .11  i''-.^.  t!  ''-"l  ..  r 

to  i!ic  \. TV  111  ill        ■  !    ■!  /-        ■  ;  '  '  '  ,„ 
(liviiR-   lU-iiiii.  '"  •  '        •■■  ■■■  '        '    .i  ,',, 

iK-lllK  r.-\>-;.l.d.    <  •■It  ..I    r,  .   r        .     ■    ■  :  ■  '  ■ 

tlif  ri-.ii  Cl.ri-'  "II  tlu-  r....  :  '  ■  ■      "   '    ,  .  ^,  ^ 

ward:/.,.:,  r .i . A: , .i^v:..;;' ^' « ■• 


|.|,-  .i|  r:  ,  t  111 
,  .    \!       .  .1! 


1  \        I  ■  ( 


had  lii-.^,ii.   1..  -!iain-  . 


■    r    ;  .-III 
'  ,;  '  ,  ..t 

,    -   ■  !■;,• 
i..;i         11  ll,f 
.  !       in.'.  .1 
I  •■  1..I1I.'.'  li 

•lis  t.P  df 

|il        win  r.' 
.        .r-  limy 
riit.i'M-  ■■  t1.-  .i.id 


nitv  -'f        I  i  '  ■      V  \''"  '-  -  •■«••" 

t,,   a    111.'   ...    -  ■  ,  ■  ■■   ai.i.'i.K  '  ■ 

/ 7i,;>  .-.<.•.•      ;iti-  "  !  ;.■-'■•  ;'•   :        ,  ■ 

tlllTf    11. .n     '       •(  '1»  '    '■•  '• 

j!:.     !:.,r:i   .     :  .-    ;/    Ti''-'  I'. I.'.    :     .''i"  I 

(„'.(!■.  ..«!,  rii.-iriM'.  .[..ii.,-  '.  ii"'  •. 
liU-  .1  ,;,...>,  I.i.t  !o  a  Ii..-  r..a.l 

u..r;ii  .III.!  u.  ii.  r..!i^  a-  .1 

//).•  II,;"  .'V.  ti'..-  I ;<-i!m:.  - 

purpii^i-  ■  'I  I'l.-  r.'  ■  1 

that  I  might     -  ach 

t,pres.  not  aor  )  amor^.-»  i-  -  s^r 


|,|,„„!,"    i  1  .    :  '     M..-t.  r    il..  r  tl;.'  v;r.at 
;  .  v!  ■  til  iKi'  .  '  !  ■.i'-"..'.  !  '.'  ^v'l- 

.!.  Tii>--  And  again  I  returned  to  Damaa- 
1.1  cus.  lr..tll  v\ln>!i       'i.-!  .      iT'-.I-. .  .ns 

in  "'■  :-  I  •  •' ■-'   I         '       lit.-!  liis 

ai     l»-20.    » 'I  ii!^  •■  ^'  '•■  " 

I,,...      1  t'lfi'i-  .  I'  iriv  iilar'.il 

tr'tirtx  i  •       I  :  '  ..'  'l  N'^'t 

,.  I    •   if  i  'ii  then  after  three 

ytat-.  ■  .  ■        ..i;.  r  I  -  ,  ■    .  ■-1..11 

.  I  went  up  to  Jerusalem,  l.  n  ♦  >.n  i  not 
!   u.tli  thf  intcntiun  ui  :   iisullni^  aiiylKjdy, 


•    I  I 


226 


OALATIANS. 


[(^H.  I 


to  r,n!  .  tlirr  iif  tlic  .iiKistKs  -;nv  I  iioiu'.  '  Jl  A ftcrwanls  I  r.imo  into  the  regions 
savi-  J.iti!!-  tl)r  l  -iiril'-  liriitlu  r.  of  Syria  and  C'llicia  ; 

JO  Xmv  till'  tliiuK^  wliicli  1  write  unto  jj  And  ^^a^  unknown  liy  t.ur  nii'o  tin- 
you,  lielioUI.  before  (iiwl,  I  He  not.  cliiirdies  of  Judea  which  wen.  m  (  Im  t: 


tint  sinii)ly  to  become  acquainted  with 

IVlcr.  ai  he  is  called  in  n  -,  S,  lull  lure 
and  elsewhere  by  I'anl.  Cephas.  I  hi-  \im1 
is  an  iniiilii  il  n  r.  .i;iniion  of  l'<  irr'~  an- 
thornv.  h:il  r.'.l  ot  h  -  -npriiorilv  And  I 
remained  with  him  a  fortnight  — 1  < 
enoii'jh  to  oi  l  ac'ipi'i'iited  wilh  hnn  and  to 
••  hrar  li:-  M.iiy"  "i  Ji-n-,  liv.t  lo.i  -li..rt  a 
tinu-  lo  riii'\''  iii-1 1  iiiti"n  imt  iJ)  Irotii 
liiin.  or  \"  ati'ict  >riion-.l\  a  -pin'.'.ial  de- 
M  l.  .|i'nrnl  uhu-li  liad  liei  n  -U\Mh.l\  ]ir.>m(--s- 
inu  I. '1  lliri  c  \  i  ar^.  'I'lu-  hn  ,il  \  oi  In- 
.Slav  inav  lir  \y.\rC\  f\lilani..l  h\  ih..-  iil"!- 
a(iani-i  in-  hir  i  \>i-  i\.  ju).  And  of  the 
apostles  I  saw  no  other  —  iH  rliaps  li.caii^e 
tlirv  wen-  cnuaui  d  oii  nn-^ionary  tours  — 

except  James  the  Lord's  brother,    l  lie 

(.rtik  itrohahly,  tlioiiKli  not  inevitahly.  iin- 
lilies  that  James  was  one  of  tlie  apostles. 
The  word  apostle  could  he  used  of  him 
oidy  in  the  l.iiner  and  li>o-<r  -cum',  lie 
lia«l  not  helieveil  in  Jesns  dmitin  His  liU- 
tirne    (John    \ii  I'^t    lie    ImM    l<  <  n 

visited  by  the  l.ord  al'i.r  lli-  n-^irnetion 
(I  Cor.  xv.  7).  and  lie  hrranie  the  1.  uKr 
of  the  Jerusalem  ehun-li.  I'.i  il  ami  J.inus 
ni.iv  eaeli  lia\e  told  ihi'  other  hnw  the  I  ord 
li.el  a|it>eared  to  hnn.  It  1-  ah.'.jelher  ijr.ih- 
alile  tliat  r.inrs  oi>])iMieul>  liad  inainl. lined 
that  tlio-e  li.iiiire-  of  ill-  whieh  he 

agreed  with  the  "'ap'-lles"  lie  li.id  reeeuid 
fri'in  ilieiii  hy  in-tnietion.  wlide  tli^-e  in 
wliieli  he  (lilTeied  were  his  own  invention. 
I'aul  h.is  alre  idv  etl.vtnally  replied  to  this 
coiil'  iilion,  li  1-  no  nnenlion.  it  is  a  rev- 
el.ilii'ii;  and  iie  owe-  it  to  ( iod.  not  to  the 
a|  '>lolic  le.idirs  at  Jerusalem.  He  clenches 
tlii>  statement,  so  important  for  his  pnr- 
jiose.  with  a  sidenin  oath:  and  with  regard 
to  what  I  am  writing  to  you  wlun  1 
lliaint.'iin  my  indepeiulencc  of  I'eter  an<l 
the  other  .apostUs  (iX,  10)  see!  in  the 
sight  of  God,  I  lie  not  (cf.  2  (.or.  xi  .?i ). 

ai,  aa.  Then  —  the  ne\t  -i.ive  lef  ver. 
18)-- -I  came  into  the  regions  l^\lMaTa, 
et  J  (  or  xi.  10)  of  Syria  and  Cilicia, 
l.ihoniiL'  e-peeia!ly  :n  ih--  e;ipi'.d  eiti.s 
.\,il!,„h  (  \e!-  \i  -'5  I  I  a"d  I  ..r-'.is  I  \el- 
;,i  1  I  I'.e.MLih  the  t,  ilieMil  nii--ioii 
preced.  d  the  .S\  nan.  Syria  1-  if.eiilioneil 
fir^t.  p.itl'v  lutliaps  liecan-e  it  was  tli,'  iii"re 
iiii]!.  M  1,1111  |)ni\inii.  .iiiii  j'.'iiiy  e 
I'.rd-  I111--1M1I  lluie  w.i-  tile  ni.Te  ini- 
p.M'.int    And  tlii-  ah-eliee  tioiii  I'lie-tiiie  il 

l>!-t!.ii.  -  hi-  further  -!.it."iu  ni  I  remained 
unknown  iniipt.  with  ptc. )  by  sight  dur- 


ing all  this  time  to  the  churches  —  of  which 

there  mn-t  li  r.  e.  therefore,  heen  several, 
ijent-.dem  heiiiu  the  heail  — of  Judaea  that 
are  in  Christ;  1  .■.  the  (  Inisliiiii  elntrehes. 
rilis  slatenieiit  iiitillded  |o  -how  th.lt 
he  w,i-  d'-  'Mi.;  liii-  periocl  imlependi  nt 

of  i.illiieiM  i  -  fi  'iii  the  lie.idi|ii,irler'.  of  the 
f.iitli.  .M.iiiy  dillieult  pr^hleni-  K'a'her  round 
the  relation  of  the-e  \t  r-e-  t..  thi'  n.irr.atives 
111  A  ts.  Are  i  /nc ,  /;e.v  I'f  Judtra.  for 
ex.iiiijile.  inteiidid  lo  iiiehide  nr  to  exeliide 
Jerii-.:lenn'  .\pparently  Jerii-.dem  nnist  he 
nuluJitl,  for  that  is  the  chief  point  of 
I 'mi's  ariiiiment  —  that  he  was  unknown 
hy  ■^\iihl  to  those  from  whom  he  niiKht  con- 
ciivahly  have  received  instruction,  and 
these  would  most  n.atur.illy  he  in  Jerusalem. 
It  w.is  I'aurs  deht  to  the  J i-rusalt-m  church 
and  It-  leaders  that  the  Jud:ii:^ers  were  in- 
terested in  ni.iint.iinini;  and  I'atd  in  ilenyini; 
r.iit  tlie  dithcultii'-  of  this  .are  two-foM. 
11)  \\  h.it  are  we  to  make  of  the  -t.alentenl 
in  .Acts  ix.  that  Harn.ih.i-  introduced 

I'anl  to  till'  "apo-tles"  (whieh  i-  hardly 
the  iinpre--ion  one  gathers  from  (ial,  i,  I'), 
nnle-s  ";ipo-tle"  i-  n-ed  in  the  loo-er 
.-V  ii-i'  I  .-iiid  tliat  he  went  in  iiid  out  at 
Ji  rii-alein.  "  pre.iehiiii,'  hoMly  .11  the  name 
of  the  l.^inl":  It  may  indeed  -eeni  ii.itiiral 
;lh:it.  in  In-  /e.il  .ind  hitler  reurei  for  the 
jia-l.  he  ni.iv  li.iM-  -"in^lit  aiiii  eniln.'ieed 
I 'ppor!:ini!ie-  to  pre.ieli  ill  the  ei!y  in  w  hieh 
he  hid  helped  lo  put  .Stephen  to  death: 
hut.  in  th.it  case,  how  could  one  who  went 
out  and  in  and  preached  thus  boldly  bo 
unknown  hy  sight  ?  It  is  more  probable, 
argues  Housset.  "  that  Paul  was  then  in  the 
deepest  seclu--ion  at  Jeni-ileiti  If  .already 
the  Jews  ill  IVitna-ci's  were  leir-nintr  I'.anl 
with  l  i'ti  r  em:  il\.  .itid  h.nl  diuell  him  to 
j -eiTi  I  ih-hi.  h"w  mneh  hi't'er  mn-t  the 
^;ronnd  in  J' rn-alein  lia\e  heen  for  the 
ap"-l.ite  I'iiari-ie?"  But  a^;ain  (11  >  it 
may  he  a-ked.  Imiw  in  .mv  ca-e  can  I'anl 
have  iK-en  unknown  t"  thi  church  of  Jem 
'  -  ilenr-  ll.id  he  If  t  l  iken  )i:irt  in  the  e\i  en 
lion  .'f  Stenhi  11.  and  m  the  -iih-einii  iit  tier 
-emiiion  of  the  ehiireh  '  I  lii-  dnVienltv  i- 
le--ened  when  we  reuieinher  the  -nl»>rdin,ite 
part  I'anl  had  pla\ed  .it  the  eMciilion.  ilie 
leimtll  of  time  th.at  h.ad  -inee  then  id;iii-ed. 
and  tlie  eiTeel  per-veni-'n  in  di-ivr-insr 
the  onuinal  members  of  the  church.  .*sief- 
lert  believe-,  that  Paul  'hd  preach  dnriiiK 
his  brief  slay  at  Jcriisjileni.  and  in  the 
;  statement  that  Paul  was  unknown  by  sight 


(  H.  I] 


OALATIANS. 


2'27 


2]  Itiit  they  liaU  heard  only,  That  he 
which  persecute*!  us  in  times  past  now 
preacheth  the  faith  which  once  he  Uc- 
stroyed.  ._  ,  ^  ,  . 

24   And  they  glorified  God  in  me. 


Cll APTKR 

I  TllKN  f.-iirl.Tii  yf,ir>  alt.T  1  went  up 
nu.iiii  !"  Ji  r\i-.iK  til  wmIi  r..ir;i.il>,i-.  .in>l 
1, 1,  ik   I  1!      w  itli        ^1'  -■  • 

Aii.l    I    \\<nl   up  I'V  rtv.l.iM..ii.  ami 


to  tlu-  clmrclu-s  of  Jiid.va.  he  nitrrpret^ 
jiukiM  i!h'  pro\iiu-v.  a^  (li>tinmti>M> 'I 
tr.iin  tlu-  capital  linn  this  auain,  a>  we 
ha  .c  M  cii.  ~ci  iii>  hardly  rcU  vant  to  ^I'aul  s 
cntcxl).  Acts  xxvi.  Jo  rcprc-ciit-i  Paul  a-> 
proacliim:  "at  Jcnisaliin  ami  tlir. ■nuii. >m 
all  tlic  ciniiitrv  <ii  Ju.iaa";  Init  tin-  may 
perhap-  r.  t v  r  to  a  suliM  qiieiit  occasion. 
The  >tatuiHnt>  "f  Cialatian-.  o'tiiim;  a^ 
tlicv  <lo  fi. 'in  r,iiir>  "v\n  li.in.l.  "  i 
taii'ilv  \\'-n\\\  '>i  wry  special  attmti.  ui. 
thondi  iiiu-t  lie  on  I'ltr  j^'ianl  a'^^ain-t 
tc„i  rcad-.lv  a--ninp,  ■  c.  .111 '  a.licl  I'C- 
tw.  iii   tl  f^c   an.l    i!;'    naiia':\i-    111  Acl-. 

l„  l„>tli  1  l!u-  -latvin.iii-  arc 

inulv  lew  aii'l  nicai;r.  -.  ami  it  w.'  km  w 
ninrV.  \\c  uvchl  mc  belter  li.'w  llu-e  co- 
here. , 

23,  24.    ra'il   uas  imi  innwii  to  tlio^e 
oir.nl-l;,-.  1.V  KiJ.:.  but  Only  l.y  /i.m ■•.•«.;.• 
they    were    c  ntir.iiallv    hearing  (uiipi. 

yvull    p'c.  Ill    \cr.    J.'l    reports    to  the 

cliect  that  "Our  former  persecutor  is 
now  preaching  the  faith  — n-t  m  an  oi. 

jective  >cnse,  the  Christian  reli-i  ai  (•  r-.i 
such  a  Use  of  the  w  1'  "i 

time  to  the  olijective,  cl.  J  t  <'r.  \)-,  "  ' 
lin'  rallier  -  tn-.-t  in  Christ  "— which,  iii 
tin  jKison  .1  lis  adherents  he  used  once 
to  devastate"  i\er  i.ti;  -  the  u -It  'i'' 

shepherd."  ,is  a  i.h.k  l,i''ur  And. 
tnilike  ilie  (.:,;..-i.:M   I  d,,:  ■  i-.  they  save 

unccasiuK  (imp^  '  Klory  "'  *'','"V'','," 
m,\  hut  to  God  for  the  trace  which  lie 
had  manifested  in  me. 


Rccoi^iiili.n,    of   I\nirs    /.;,/, /.-.i. /.■"..•  .i".' 
Co-onliiiill,-  .Uith.'ri:y     n    ih,-  l\nt 
of  the  .lp:<stits  at  Ji'usiiu-m 
(ii.  i-io). 

The  ne\t  inedent  ( cf.  f/ioi.  vcr.  t) 
which  I'aul  eiiipli.isi -es  ni  viii'lication  t)f 
his  independence  of  '•man."  <K-ciirrcit  fonr- 
uen  years  later.  On  that  occasi..ii  he  hail 
ijone  from  Aiitioch  to  Jernsaleiii  to  lay 
iietore  the  apostolic  aiithontus  there  tin- 
whole  question  of  the  gospel  as  he  pro- 
claimed it  i«i  heathen  countries,  It  was 
very  easy  for  hi-  :id\tT~,irus  to  represent 
this  step  as  a  .hlmr  e  .u  kn.  ledum,  nt  of 
the  superior  authonty  of  the  Jerusalem 
apostles.    Paul's  own  account  of  the  inci- 


Ment  shows  that  this  is  a  coiupl.  le  uiis- 
Icouceplioil.  So  far  was  this  from  h.  in.i;  tlie 
icisc  that  "«  llii-  c  ■II.''-."  V  (\ei  7'  ''"■> 
ktiowledkieil  his  CO  ordniate  aiith.  riu,  and 
the  principle  liir  whieh  he  w.is  con-.ndniH 
—  t'le  Iree.loni  of  t!i.  (, etude.-  Ii-m  tlie 
olihu.itii'Us  ot   lewidi  ohsers  ,itiee,  especi,illy 

oi  eir.iiiiu  ^lon  A'Mi  a  hrtlliant  victory 
in  i!ir  pel  on  of   1  ii;i-. 

I.  Then  after  ,ni  111!.  :%  d  of  fourteen 
years  —  appareinly  n-t  foerpm  \.,ir~  alter 
I:  ,  e. 'iiv  er-ion.  hut  atler  the  visit  to  Jcrusa- 
h  in  \\:,:e!i  lie  h.is  jiist  ua:r,iti  d,  and  tliere- 
l.,re  si-\,i,'t,n  \  ears  .ifler  Ills  c.mv  ersion  —  I 
again  went  up  to  Jerusalem  with  Barna- 
bas, who  lia.l  lirou>;lit  Paul  to  .\ntioch 
(  \cts  xi.  .'til  and  heell  assiuiated  with 
him  in  his  missionary  work  It  is  prac- 
ticdly  certain  that  the  meetini;  with  the 
,,p..stles  which  Paul  1-  a'  -  it  to  n,.! ;  re  u 
identical  with  the  J.  1  ■;■.,!  1:1  .o,,,,,!.  de 
scrdied  in  Acs  \v.  In  1',.  .1  ■  i-e.  houe\<  1, 
the  WO'-  1  ,1  :  11  can-,  s  di:t;e::l-\  .  1'  s,,n- 
i;,-ls  that  thi-  llie  tirM  \-  t  to  J,.tn^ 

,  ,  ,1.  ,„  ;jit,  f  ;!■,.'  .  lie  ni.  iitiomd  in  1  l>^. 
:i;,'ueen  th:e-e  two.  h-u^  .  r.  ,ieeoidinu  to 
1  \,  I.   \i.    ',0.   Nil  ,1   \    It  Wis  in.ide  hy 

!  l',,.d    and    r.irn.,h.is.    w;:o    l.i.ei-lii  lioul 


An: 


1  a  e 


.!h 


M,,ii  tor  I  he  poor  of  Ju.l.ea. 
We  inav  asv-;i:ie,  uilh  -oine,  ill, it  tins  Msit 
h.is  l„en  anli.'i.itt  it  lei  \er>  wiv.  ir>; 
,,r^  !n,ore  iir.ih,ildy.  th  ii  o\^nl^  to  the  per- 
-..'■1111. .11  (  \e|..  \ii  1  ti.i  \i  it  was  niade^in 
,  r.  ev  /  >.  .  (If  i<r  taking  Titus  also  with 
me  who.  as  a  toeek  (ver.  and  uncir 
,  unV  i-.  <l.  was  a  l,\in>;  illu-tration  of  I'aiil's 
eoucepiion  of  the  nospel  as  unconditioned 
'  V  circmiicision,  and  a  living  i>roiest  anainst 
the  views  of  the  Jiidai/ers.  Titus,  nowhere 
mentioned  in  the  hook  of  .\cts,  was  a  com- 
panion I'f  Paid,  .ipliar.ntly  a  tnaii  .if  tmc 
tact,  as  he  was  111.. re  than  I'liee  <-ntriiMed 
d.  lu-ate  ini-sion  to  th.'  Co- 
ir. Mi  'itf.  Mil.  'I.  I'llT.  >. 
p  t..  t.i^e  till'  nil.  ir.  nuiei-ed 
r\  where  a  -h:d!.'m;e 

I  !,,.  ,  ,.,    ,if    1  nil-  w.i'ild 


hy  Paid  \m' 

rinlliiai;-    1  -'  ' 

It  was  .1  li.e.l  -I 

d  itiis^  to  tne  \ 
:  was  inevii.i'  h- 
!  he  a  te-t  e  . 

I    a.    And  I  went  up  by  revelation.  How 

'it  came  t.i  hnn  .v.  d..  ti.'t  kii.'W  (see  on 
J  ('.,r.  Ml  1  I  i'.  d  ^,  e%  'nTr  ?•>  aC- 
e.  ntuate  the  r.  liKioUs  factor  that  ileter- 
, nines  Inm  In  .\>'s  xv.  j  the  story  IS 
told  rather  from  the  historian's  point  M 


228 


tJALATIANS. 


[Cii.  11 


0'iiiiiininii':i!.M|  nvn.  Minn  ii  at  i;'i-iifl  uliu  li  i  I'.nl  iicitlicr  Titiis.  who  was  with  inc, 

I  ).f..u!i  .i'M'  Ml;  \'.:<-  li.iiiil.  -.  jirivalfly  luinu;  a  (iroi-k,  was  compelled  to  be  cir- 
tu  ih.  in  uliicli  ui  ii'  Ml  ii  p'.i'.al  1' III.  Ic-t  liv  (■'.iincisi d  : 

aiiv  iiu'aiis  1  should  run.  or  li.id  run,  in  4  Ami  1!  a'  l-c.  ai'-i'  nf  fal-i-  in-i  'lir.  ') 
vam.  fiia.vaiis  |.r..iii;lit   n'.  uIim  oatiic  ill  pruily 


view.    Th'Ti-     Paul     ain!     I'.ivna!M~     an!   nic.-uij.    I'aul    ucilil    In'    jilail    of  llu'ir 
iiiluT-  ar.    apli'inwil        iv '  1'  }''■''     -vni|ia!liy,  Ini  \  v  il.  .  ^  n^t  a^k  tlicni  for 
s. ill  111    i.i    <\-  w  ill    llii'    a|-"-ra  ^    ai  ■!   ;  v.  ir  -.i;ii't;.in.     IK-  lias  i-miit  \:])  \<<  Irni- 

i|,l,:^   a  i  ^  .11    w  '  h  ll    laul   i.r.n    rai-i  ■'    -.l.iii  "  a.-r.  ■nliiii;  I'l  ri\ ■  la' :■  ir ."  .i;ti''int 

I,  \-  --iiiiii-  \\\\<<  ii.iA  i-i'inr  ti'  i'-;  Jia'.ra  an.l  ■  t  ilic  Init'i  ot  In-  im^-ih-I  an.l  ilif  ;,'  'ii-<- 
ii;.i-:i,l  iip.iii  i-iiaaii'K-i  -  ;i  ai  ;,-  ;■  ■>  -  .r>  "I  In-  caii-r;  aial  lio  lia-  iim  t'cai"  t'lal  Iiis 
-al\ali"n,  l''.wii  ii;'  ii"i.!,  la-  um;  jirr-r' 1'  . •  •-  11  nl  iIt  i;.i-].r|  h.i-  rn  ciliiiT 
in     ill.-    r..'i-M  '-:  :^        <  i     '  ■  nicly   a   ii'.--'.i'^    .  r  a    tailiirr     ilr   kn.'W-.  a-  a 

nv  And  I  laid  before  them  -  llii  (  In-]--  inaliiT  ot  lai-i.  ihai  lu-  1-  ivii  nniinni;. 
f  .n-  oi  J.  r't-ali '11      the  gospel  which  I  .nul  has  iii'l  run  in  \aiir;  I'  U  u  ha!  lu  l\ars 

II,  , I  .,!i]\  li.^n  |iii  arl:' '1  Ian  i^lnrli  !  -lill  ;-  lliat  llir  Jrin-aliin  rlnni'li  iinv  llnnk 
preach  among  the  Gentiles,  ilic  lt^-ihI  'lilT.  nll\ ,  am!  il; at.  !■>  a:-  ■.■■'wrv-v  Ac 
\\  i  :,  h  I  li,;\i-  i.i.j-ai.l  |ii  \on  (ialal:;!-.  ;i  >-i-a'n.  liuy  in.iy  jiu!  o'.-!ai-li-  in  In-  wav. 
i_:.,-;.,|  ■•\\;:li.iv'  iira;iiiii-i-ion."  I  la-  <  :^o  tli.it.  tlirrc  would  lu'  .-i  real  ^c!ii-in  in 
ti.m-  i-iiiiiMi  li:;t  lu-  kcriily  intt-ri -trd  in  l!ie  (,"liri-li;iii  church  and  in  llic  fr>'nt  that 
till-  aliunde  of  llic  Ji  i  n-aU  in  cliini  li  to  i  it  prcsciiUd  to  the  worM.  and  in  a  real 
I'.ml  on  tile  \eiy  i|nis!ii.ii  wliicli  lias  he- i  seri-e,  he  iiiiyht  he  -;.-iid  to  lie  rniiiiint;  in 
Cottle  -o  itroiiiiiuiit  .im-inii  tli(iii-eUe'-.  v;iiii.  Panl  coiniiares  his  .iiio-lolio  career 
The    Ind.ii/ers    ]iroiess    to    reiire-i  iit    the  |  to  a  race  Icf.  1  0>r  i\  jf<\ 

inu  _  i-iiel  a^  anaiii--t  I'.lnl:  wh.it  tlu-n  did  i  3.  Whatever  nii-  -  \  -  ■-  I',  -'!  in  '->  iia\e 
Jern-.detii  and  l!ie  apo-ili-s  ^ay  I'  I'aul  !  Iiad  when  he  catiie  h  r  -,  J  ■■;  •  !' ;.  -a  ■  le 
)iri-eiitid  !ii-  ■':-<-  at  .1  |inl.lic  in  vm-.  (Minnletely  removed  hy  tlu  d  .  -a'li  ■■!"  t!'e 
and  privately  1  "r  in  It.  uUir\  before  r.  .nm-il.  the  re»nlt  of  wliicli  wa-  a  tr-^iin 
the  authorities  I'eti-r.  J.inies,  .-md  J.  ilm  ,  iilamt  \  indic.ition  i.f  In's  ii..|-i-\  Nay.  not 
(\er.  I)).    The  woid  ./.<■-!  ( //.  .m'  ji!  ;  even  Titus  who  was  with  me  -la-nuh 

r.-f'ul,  )  jirolnMv  n  pre-.  n!-  tlic  tliMir  of  '  llie  dmiand  fur  Ir-  ciii-nnu  i-i' in.  "ii  t'le 
the  (ireek  word  ( oi  lio/ioi  i-rt  ?  1 .  |i  1,  ii-.-il  p.ir'  of  r.i;-!'-  I-i.'a-  :nj  ..ni"iniir-.  w  1 - 
se\eral    time*    in   thl>   |>;.--.i«e    (  vv.   <>.   <lt    v.  :v  !,•  i  n,  a:-!         1  a  '■.  r  the  iraniil 

;ind   -oimiiim-   m  eills   to  li;ive  a  tiili.;e  of  w,:-   ii-    ..|  - : :  1; I'l  am-.- 

n,,ii\.  ii  i  NpM--r-,  liou'Mr.  .1-  tla  ul  ole  Greek  though  he  was,  was  compelled  to 
conte\t  -li.  w-.  no  di-n  -ii- i  t  ti.u.ard-  the  be  circumcised.  A  rc  -  Ii  tr  .illeinpt  was 
.•ipii-ili-  tluin-ilM-;  lail  1-  an  iininral  al-  tn.ide  In  coniiul  M-  cii\-nini-i-i' in.  Imt  he 
1,1, -,.11  to  I'll-  \\iiii!  -I  oih-n  li.aiil  niii-n  w-i-  i.'  n 'inpi  I'l  d.  llie  a'l.-nipt  fjljled. 
ih,.  hp-  i,f  I'aiil'-  iippn-i.  Ii!-.  will,  appi-al.  d  Sniiie  -iippn-i  the  nu-.niiii-j  'n  he  that  Titn* 
to  the  Irni-.drtii  •■  aiil'.a.rilii  s,"  I  lie  l.i -t  .<\is  circnilK-i-ed.  hilt  vohmlarily.  >o  far  as 
elan-e  o"|  llu-  \,  r-e  i- li, ml  to  interpret  :  d.K  -  r.inl  u;!-^  Cotieerned  —  11,1/  lo/i/.v  t-i'iilfiil- 
iiu-;iii  /.-.v/.  or  dm  -  It  introduce  an  in- : -v; 'ii.  'I'he  Kratiiiii.itical  iireynlarily  of  the 
ilirect  i|ne-:ii.n?  On  the  l.iiltr  a--iiinption.  iie\t  ver-e  and  the  v.iriety  in  the  re;iiiinK 
the  tileannm  he:    "  Am  1  rnmiiii.L;.  or  of  m  r-e  5.  eniiipel  11-  to  le:i\i-  the  <piestlon 

have  1  run  in  vain"'"  I'.iul  hnn-elf  li.i-  "f  I  itr.s"  ciri-iinn-i-ioii  thei iretioally  open; 
no  doiilit  of  t!ie  aiKwer:  hut  he  IS  aiiMon- ,  Imt  practic.dly.  in  such  a  cniitext.  there 
to  h,i\e  a  favnraMe  pro:]. .niicemeiit  fr.-in  can  he  iin  li-athl  wh,iie\er.  Taifl  h;is  come 
the    Jenisalem    clnn.li     ri-n     th,  '■"   Jeni-al.  la    l".  a    the   e\p'i  ■-    pmp-i  of 

which  he  pnl-  1..  foie        in      I  l>.-re       i:..  .lelVndnii:  1  •  -pel    which    h.    |-....  lus 

rea-oii.  Ii.n\,-\,r.   !i  .'-nni    frniil  the   or-   aiiioiii;  ihe  I  niniU  a  p  i-pi  1  u  it!i.  ml  .  11- 

din.-iry   im    I'lnir  ■•■    !i  -1!    m;ike<  Hm-il    .-■'nu-:-  -  11     Ilr  1-  imt  i;oin-.;  in  --Inllil-.  in- 

sense!    "I   1,1:  i::-.   -.ii-pil  I  .  h  ire  thein  lest   cii:  e   hy  .illiiuintr  the  ciu-ninci -'i  Ml  nt  'he 

by  any  means  I  should  be  running  (im-.  \<i"\  m-m  mi  whnm  ihc  h-ipi-  nf  hi- 

not  .-inr  >  or  had  .il)i  ,d>.  a-  a  matter  oi  [...m-m-    are       >    dct.-nnimdiy    -el      I  lial 

t'.i.-i    I  Ii.  er  ■  in. In-    a  o .  '  "  "  1   TUH  in  vaiH."  w.iidd  Ik'  all  i  1 1  d  1  il  11 1  al  de  trmniph  Inr  tin  in, 

li    |!.i,    in.  .111-    ih  it    1';"!    I:i\ -   'ii-    'jn-pil  an. I  it   uonl.i  hi    'In-  l  inn  -!  ol  all  e\cn-es 

l  ef.-re  th.ni    w-tli   atn    n-.r   nf  i!i.--r   di-  Mr  I'anI  to  -av  tliat  tlionuh  he  did  it,  he 

c!-i-'ii.  .ind  m  the  aiiNimi-  Iioin-  •<<  -i-ciir  \\  i-  ii' •'  c- -nip.  :1,  .1  n.  i!o  it 

i"e  tliiir  .I'-'henlicalioii    f.ir  i',  tlu  n   -rcli  4.    But  on  account  of  the  false  breth- 

an   iiiterprelatioii    nu'-t    In-    imiIk -ital nrjl>  ren  who  had  been  foisted  in  .imong  us 


to  -py  "lit  ciir  liliiTtv  whicli  \vc  Iiiim-  m 
C"liii>i  J.  MIS  that  thoy  mi({ht  tiring  us  mto 
l)(in(l:ii;i' :  ,       i        i  • 

;  lo  uht.m  wi'  i.i\>'  pl^ii^^"  •'>■  s'll'.i*'": 
lidii,  ti^'.  n.'t  l-r  1;.  iur;  tliat  tli.-  tnitli  .'t 
till-  iiiii:!it  CMiitimu'  witli  \<<u 


f>  I'.ut  of  tliiise  who  si-iiit'  il  t"  -'iiii'- 
what,  what-oiAcr  thiy  xm  I  ' ,  i;  in  ,!,  'h  ii'> 
inaltiT  lo  HU-:  ai-i-<  I'l' 'ii         man  ■> 

IHT<oIi:  for  lli.y  who  »rriiu.'.  .-  ■  ('.■  .■.■•>"<•- 
:Jiitt  in  c  ■iU<riiK-i-  ail>!vl  ifthiiii;  '.'<  nu' : 


 t!.M-r    i,i..liaM>    u'-"    h  I'l  '1 

from  J.-ni-alrii!  •..  Aiitio. ;  .  .i-.s.i  sis-i-".  •! 
on  ciri-niiH  i-i..n   a-  a  c 'iioit'.. 'ii  ..I    -  il-  .i 
lion   (  All-   \\.   M  ;   -iK-ii  11'.  n  >--n;:ni!  , 
.lo.^uol  llK-   >t,p~  of   IVri'    1.  I.  -  I  -r  M. 

Wliat   hail'iiK'l  ''--an  I  m!-;' 

hrcthiTii.  .lo,  -  11.  It  ai.p.  ..!.  Ill  liu-  la-il 
of  rni..tl.'n-  \MtIi  which  ill.'  wl'  -i'  -v.  lie  i- 
rivalU'il  an. I  .!.  m  - iln-.l.  ilu-  i;raiiiiiiai-  i-  l.  t 
^,,'t,ii.  ill'  .'anil..!  havi'  iii.  aiit  t"  -  .'• 
thai.  I'.ir  ih^'ir  saki'-.  I'ltus  liad  !..ii 
.niiiVl-ril.  No  iloiiht.  a-  Wf  Iia\  y.i. 
■|'iltl>  wa>  not  i-ircnnu-ist  cl ;  but  apati  ironi 
tliat.  wi-  inav  1h'  Mirr  that    I'anl.  ula.l  a- 


i  ijiU 


lu-    ■• :  .   to  maki-   a   v;<  ii>  '""^   i-o:i.  • 

moral  inli-r. -t  w..^  at     '  ,'io  .  !  ■ 
tlir.n   I  I   r..r.  \in  l.  \  !i 

,  ,1.,   I.I  A.'/.i.'  hn-llir.  It     N  r  .mu  iIh- 
1„.  tlia!   It    u.i^  "11   !l:  ir  ,1.  ,  .--M 
ii'i-  \\a-  n.'t  I'ii.  iinu  i-i '1 . 
i  ii-  '11  oiri  'iiiii'i-:.  '11  !•     '    i'lii'  - 
\w   n!,i;n::riu.l   a'l   l'i>'  in"!'.    In'il.  \ 
c;..;-!'  of  I'.i.n'  .       .-n  loll.     I  in-       '"  ' 
tin-  ,,i  li..n  of  I'aiil  turn       '  iiri.  i'  ■  'n  li'.'  ■[ 
,ili."i.l.-  ;  wi'  in.M  I'i-  -nr.'  that    I  ilii-  a..-:;- 
,,,,1    III    anv   i-a-i-    lia\i'   'h.ii    .'ii  r.|nu  >..1 
\    K    \'    iiiatL:   r.  a.U  "  I'.ni       ;>.;.<  In-.'  la-f 
<,|  'h,    f,.!-.,'  l.r.  liii.  n."     I  hi-  lutvilu  m.  an 
that    rani-    wh-K    .■.■nrM-   i>f   ai-li.>n,  h'- 
vi  -n  I..  J.  rn-akin.  hi>  iiiti  rviiw  with  tli.' 
l.'aih  r>.  rt<- .  was  can-. 'J  h\   t'.i-  .i.  'i  .'i  oi 
llu-  fal-i'  hri'thri'ii.    I'.ut  it  i-  •"■rl'ai-  !.<  ;:.  r 
to  a-unu'  that  iti  hi-  si>ir;t,  il  .h -.'rii  tioa 
(.1  tlu'ni,  Ik'  runs  ..n  n'l^ar.ll.     "I  tlic  oinn 
inn  woril-.  aiul  )ia-M'-  niir.  ■n-.-  io  i-K'  a 
tli'w  -cnti'iu'i'  ui;liont  i'oni|.Ktinii  !- ;''■ 
Ci-(liliK   oil.'      I  hi-   i-\lilaiia' !' ai    i^-    ■  I    '  ' 
tnori-  iirohahli'  a-  >nch  an  in  .  ._  ii  :t ;!  \  .  i' 
taiiily  ofiM!r>:  in  \or.  i'.     I  hr       il'i  •.  --r- 
n|iti!:.'n>  inl  r^  ..hli'tion  of  tin -i-  pi'li'.r  i- 
),.  ,.A.  rinlU    -nu'^i-tcil  h\    llu-  (!<  .'ill.  "> 
til.-  nr.  tix'  "  „•"".     i  la  V  hr.  'linii  who 

Stole  1 -ui. >  in.  n-  '  .'t  cnr-.  .  L. 
••  i-.hlv  "  tin-  ilniu  li,  i"t.  Ilk.  ill,  >■;;<  n:'.  ~ 
ih.\  w.ia.  to  spy  out  our  liberty 
fi,-;,I..ii.  fr.-iii  'la-  lau  .11-...'..  .!  !-v  all  '  hn- • 
tiaii  111.1'.  l-  it  liiTi-  1"  rli.ip-  niofi  -p. ntu  iliv 
llu-  lih.  r'\  -f  r.i'il  ,11'. I  r.at  p.il..!-,  ni  i  '.. 
cl.iimi'ii;  -lu-li  a  l-.'-i'i  I  which  we  have 
in  viitn.  ..f  .'iir  'ini..ti  una  Christ  jesus, 
in  order  that  they  might  enslave  us,  sun  K 
I  flit  inilii-  afti  r  <•■(».  (n  rliap>  to  inilioatr 
til.  i-i-rtainty  of  lln-ir  Ifpf)  ami  Utterly 
(AUTO)   not  intlccil  to  them-'cives  (which 


-,v..iiM    rci  lire    ill.    iin.Ui:.-          •  .    Liit  t.i 
I  !h-  -  mu-  u.'-a  .          -■  1- 

!    -rai'l.ir   Ji.-.  (lic   aiul    -iniilai    .  ..iitlnct  III 
(  ■  ir    \l   -'. '. 

5.    But  not  for  a  moment  i '  '  .'    .  "i 

,,,,,  ,-.  ,  '  .  .tt:  ,j.  11'  I  did  we  yield  to 
them  I'l.   ' '?) '  subjection  i.e.  .'u'lini..! 

,,f  ..,      ;h  ,1   «  .I'i.l   li.iv.-  l.r.  :i   I  '  niii-<-ril. 

....          .  'i:  t.-v  u  Inch 

■      ,  .  •  .  ..  .     ..    .-,    r.  f;-.  '1  in 

urilcr  that  the  tmtli  of 

i.i  the  Rospel.  should  c.jntinue  to  reniam 
with  all  111.-  t..  n-K.  -   •■■  «  '  •■■  1- 

,„,-.,>  iir.l.  .111.1  ti-.r.  '--r.-  ur'  you 

......ij'..     U      \„-.T  .!-tCl      "1      il    '.  !  •.!!!;  '" 

■lir  F-.i  11,'.  1  \.  -a  ai.  ■  -  "  !■  '  I'l-n^  the 
l.niu-a.I.  -   u';u  !i    I    ti  .  ii   .1  '-  n  h  i   ...  ^ni-t 

Lift  r  o|.j«.M!-..n     Sit:.— '..n!>  •  '  v;h,  -  nic 

M.->.'-^   ofiiil  o'«  -    m.ikn.:;  I'.ml  ^.ly 

th.'.t'  !»•  .!'-!  M'  l'i  I'-i  ..n  ;»  ■■'  i" 
.       n!.  \t.  and  a?  -ich  a  >  i         thi-  i-  as 


.  -i  ir,c> -la  .  i\ .i:- 
-!kI    for   uiii.li  1' 


I  \,r        U'::    ot  tiK 

;  -    .111  ;    i<  -n 

!•  i..'!!r.i;  I-  that  ctr-.-inn.          t-  •:  -  '    '  'r^. 

..■ul  la-  iini-t  lia\r  Mnhh.-iro    ■'    ■  \  'n 
.!.  ni.i:!.l    l..r  ii      I  ia-   \-  i>               '  ' 
til.-  -j.iril  of  lu-foic  and  •..•?<  I'n  ■ 

an.-.'.  , 

6.     In   hi-   Ml.-,  .  --I  ll   .-!!".  ;'i  n  liu- 

d.  ma'-  1  lor  liu-  .  -r>-  nn,  '  )■      ■  :    ■■■■■■  i'-.'' 

1;.,,    d:-.'..ni!ii.'!    •  .     t,.   -     hi  •■  r,  'i,  .mil 

,c.-rcd  a  l.Mih.iii'  u  ;  i  i  hi.  o-aii  cm 
.-.  |,n..ii  .,|   !h--  L-.-i-.  ;     1^^::   n-.i.     lu-  i- 


1. 


.1.1.  1  - 
i\  an-!\ 


n-iw  iiilinil.lv  n-i'-jni -.  d  In 
.  ,f    ihc    h  r-:  -.ih  in   ch-ircii  a- 

,  i,-i-;,  :,r   of   llic   K>)-1"'1   <"  ll"-' 

(  ,.  nil!.  -  I io  I 

But  from  the  authorities  i  i      r  -• )  — 

h,  la-  a-j,,iil.  in  llu    la  ,i'  ■■:     :    i-"''-  '"- 
unmniMr    i-    f..ri'.-t!.  ii     i    ■'!    imy  havo 
,.,t  to         .ai      'I   r.  ,-,      -!  11'.  aiiliii  n- 
,,,..,tioii.     .i-l-,i-  .-.     .  '  ;n!n:--:-  ti.     > "  lhl-4 

I,  1,,.,   j.  t  ik,  i;  n|..  Ill  ,1  .1  :t.  11  .-..n-Tnc 

II,  .11,  Mir..-  cl.ii'-.-  inr-iiir  i'ail  thf 
,  •A..r.l-  •' t!io-c  \\li.>  h.ii!  t!:,-  ■•.-/•K  .i.'P'H  of 
llit  inv'  --.nutliim;"  1<- id  T  .'d  m'--  a  (larcn 

tla-i-i  — whatever  they  were  makes  no 
difference  to  me-  uhuh  "i  i"'.  -  r--.- 
1..  ani.th.r  i,ai  ,-n;:i.  ■  i  GOD  respcctfth 
not  MAN'S  person  nia  •n-  'l  ..rd.-r 
tiriiiR-  out  -tronulv  'iu  .  i  Tt  .-•  1. 'w.-.-i 
r,o<l  and  niant  l  lu-  .  I,(ii-.-  hi-mninnK 
\iwoiol  voTt  inav  In   rcnili-r(.-d :  "of  what 


fi-*:,;' 


230 


GALATIANS. 


[Ck.  II 


7  But  comrariwisc.  when  tiny  -aw  tliat 
the  Ruspcl  of  the  uncircuniciMiMi  w.i-  coiii- 
niilti'l  iMilii  lUf,  as  the  a'cj/'i/  of  ihc  iir- 
cimiciMMii  .-wjA  itiito  IVttr;  . 

S  (  I-'i.r  lif  tli.i!  wrouKlit  rlTrftnally  m 
IV-tcr  in  thf  aiM'  'U-^liip  "i  I'n'  i  ircniin  isimi, 
the  ^aiiu-  \\a-  .lislity  '"^  towartl  the 
Gi-titilcs ;) 


<)  Ami  wlu'ii  James.  Cephas,  anil  Joli.i. 
wlio  stiimd  to  be  pillars,  perceived  the 
Uraci'  tliat  was  ^iviii  iinti)  me,  tliey  eave 
ti,  me  ami   l!arnalia>  the  riKlit  liauiN 

;   that    we   .</i.'ii/i/   .i,'"'   mil"  the" 
liiatli.n,  and  they  niilo  the  eircunicision. 

ID  Duly  lluy'woiild  that  we  should  re- 
mmilier  tiie  jxMir;  the  same  which  1  also 
was  forward  to  do. 


sort  thev  ('«i<'  were"  diirinj;  the  lifetime 
of  lesiis,'  eilioyinK  His  fellowship:  or  more 
prohahly,  "of 'what  -"rt  .  '  tli' y  w.  r.  .  : 
On  either  view,  ii  i-  eUar  tlial  I'aiil  >  <•]<-[ 
pouelits  w.re  l"i!'l  "I  ixl.illmi;  tl.i  an  j 
tlioritv  of  llu  ap'-ll.  uliich  tiny  rei;-iidid  , 
as  ntii(iiie.  Taiil,  imIL.uihk  m<-  (//,.>i,-. 
e'-timate    I't     iiu  ii,     n  u  Jniiiiaii  an 

lliuritv  a-  a  mallrr  of  inditTi  reiu  t'.  (.  ar- 
r.Mrt;  til'-  nM  lati^n  ..f  j>-ii>  and  tlu-  dume 
anllirnl  ;i  ,ii  1. 'n  m  In-  lu  ai  t.  Iir  ni  rd-  no 
aiitlii  nlHaU'ii  irom  the  ai"i-tli~.  "It 
make-  MM  dilV<r<ni'e  t'<  iiw ;"  for  to  me 
the  authorities  w  atilmin  np  the  broken 
elan>e  at  l!n  livynmmg  of  the  verse)  — 
imparted  u  i.  (  .'//ak//,  ,  ,'ii/\t  ;i'f//i.  in  i. 
same  (Ireek  word)  nothing,  tut  coniniiiniea- 
tion  or  aiithon/ation  —  they  reeo«iii/ed  in\ 
independence;  Paul  owed  them  as  little  on 
the  second  \i-it  as  on  the  first  (i.  iSt  i. 
'Ihe  wi>rds,  however,  may  po>siIily  mean; 
"they  impi>Si-d  nothtni:  on  me  "  —  no  Inn 
ilatUMi  of  my  missiunars  aeliMly.  no  "li 
liual;..n  1,1  oii-.rvi-  the  law.  If  the  laUir 
lu  tin  nuannii;.  a  dil'tienlty  r.ii-ed  by 
tlu'  1.  ini-  oi        .]■  .  ,>■,  ni  \\    -•o,  -'o. 

7.  8.     N'l'l  I'l:'^   'i:d  !!■<>    11"!   iMlp.in  anv- 

lhin«  to  in.  ,  but  on  the  contrary,  when 

they  I  ;  r.  Mn.-  antliorilie- IVu  r.  J.inies 
,-iiid  b'lm.  ■.  r.  •)»  saw  ivoin  ilu-  r<|.on 
uhiili    1  In  tore   tin  ni    (  mt.      )  wiia 

llie  "-'.en-  ;ind  w-n'Ki-  wvoiiulii  .anior:..; 
ilu'  (niniU-"  (A.!-  \-. .   I -'I  that  I  was. 

1  -'lii  .,„,  ,  |H  1 1  i.  entrusted  with  the 
gospel  for  tia  (i,  ntile-.  the  uncircum- 
cised,  as  -nr.  !v  .i-  Peter  wnb  the  t;o-]K  l 
for  tlie  Jew-,  the  circumcised  —  a  ureat 
a(lnn--ioii  to  in.ike  (^aWwi  i-ven  a-),  a 
praetieal  recoK'iitioii  of  the  co-ordinate  im- 
port.nice  of  I'anI  and  Peter.  There  are  of 
course  not  two  };o--pels  (one  in\oI\iii>;  eir- 
cimici^ioii  for  the  Jew^.  the  other  remit 
tinn  it  lo  the  (.rntilt-i.  hut  only  oiu- :  aiid 
aeenr^eil  he  the  man  who  i-  not  f.iiilifnl 
to  ih.it  (i  Hi)  I  wo  >;■;/,■.,■.>■  ol  ev.ni 
(.ieiie.d  aeii\n>  ..u-  .ni|MP  i li' a.  i...w,v>r. 
>lricllv  ueoyrapliual.  a-  ihi  Jew-  weri- 
seatlere'!  t  \  cry  w  luTe  abor.t  I'n  W"rld:  and 
rven  ih.  r  luo  spluTes  are  not  ui'itn.allv 
c\eln-n>  I'.inl  al-o  preaelud  in  tin-  -\n- 
aKogiies  to  the  Jews,  ami   Piter  lo  the 


It 


lo 

d.ll 

w  a 


Paul  hi-re  in- 
eniph,i-i/e  ihe 
■s  hoili  i'lter's 
in  the  ni.-pira- 


(iemiU-   1  .\ct-  \\ 
lernipt-    111-    -I  III'  1 
ii-  -'v   ni   tioil  ih.il 
w    k  .and  hi-  ow  n  ; 

11.11  of  ill,  i|i\ine  -liiiietli  that  the  work 
of  liMih  u.i-  donr.  For  He  that  wrought 
for  Peter,  ici'iinpinv;  him  with  .uiit-  and 
-trrir.;tli  for  his  apostleship  among  the 
circumcised,  wrought  also  for  me  for  my 
work  .1111. aiu  the  Gentiles.  It  is  scmie- 
what  -urpri-ni«  that  Paul  iloes  not  take 
thi>  opporiiimiy  of  eo-ordinatin)?  the  aj" 
I'.iti'lii-  importance  i.f  his  own  work  with 
that  of  IVler.  especially  ,is  tlie  .er.nmnatical 
striicttirc  of  the  senteiiee  aim  .-t  invitcHl 
such  a  statement ;  <"  ttji'  diroffToXji*-  tui' 
teinoe  (to  till-  iifiK^llr.dhf  .-f  the  (ieiltiles). 
Iln'  .i!  .nu-  r.ii''  ihe  w  holi-  i'ont<  \t  is  an 
iiiif!i,!l  aekiiou  li 'l!.;uurit  hi-  apo-tleship ; 
he  reecunl  ilu-  Mulil  h.md  of  li  llow-liip. 

9,  10.  S<  eini;  that  I  w.i-  I'ntru-lid  with 
the  eo-pi!  lor  till'  nneireinnei-i (1,  and  per- 
ceiving the  grace  of  God  that  was  given 
to  me  —  a-  ni.iiii f< -!i  d  in  lu-  wlioK-  won 
.U-rfiil  ean'er,  hi-  e.  .nvi  r-ion,  hi-  call,  hi- 
-irikiii).;  -iki-i--  ,a-  a  mi--ionary  to  the 
(iiti')!.- — James,  tlie  Lord's  brother  (i. 
|i)>.  and  I'vIiT.  lu  ri .  a-  el-ewhere  (ex- 
cept vv.  7,  Si   e.ille.i  Cephas,  and  the 

apo-iK-    John,    the    -on    of    /clKdee,  WHO 

were  regarded  SoKoirrtt.  ci.  ver.  J.  6) 
as  pillars  of  the  cbnrcli  (snpporlinn  it.  as 
pillars  support  a  temple),  gave  me  and 
Barnabas   right   hands   of  fellowship. 

lb  re  then  Paul's  gospel  and  nn--ionary 
jioliey  are  deliber.itily  and  cordially  riC'ii.;- 
ui/eii  at   the  headqii.irter-   of  the  Jewi.sh 


ehnrch  il-elf.  an 
that  chureh.  two 
lie-  I  if  .b  -  1-      1  11 
.a-  .an  inli  i  lor.  bri 
called  to  .v/iiii,'  s\ 
lion  of  tin-  W'lrhl 
to  the  Gentiles 
cumcision,  eai  h 


1  w 


III  by  tlu-  leaders  of 
111  .111  « I  vi-  ihn  et  ;ipo-- 
lekiKiw  K  liire  Paul  Hot 
ihnr  ,•.■'/  •;..  (hvnirly 


■in  llu 


\  .anecii.'a  - 


that  WE  (should  go) 
and  THEY  to  the  cir- 

to  the  -plu  re  for   w  liieli 


was  ln-t  111'. 'I 
not  only  ..f  P; 
Ins  yosDt  1,  fi  r 
,-    he    h.i.l  1.1 


I  hi-  was  a  reco^jnitioii 
id'-  pernliar  -iiln-re.  Iml  of 
ill  thai  sphere  he  preached, 

1    tlu  iil    I    er       I    a    t;-  .-pt  1 


without  circumci- 


in. 


The  only  injiinc- 


,,    r.m  vvlR-n  IVtcr  was  o.mo  U,  Aiiti-  J:.nu'>,  lio  <1m1  cat  «itli  tin-  («-milos :  but 

oci    I  \Mtli>--   '1         t"  the  face,  because  «lu-n  iluy  wen-  lonu'.  hr  xviili.Ircw  awl 

he  was  ,'.  1.     anu.l  separate.l    hi.n..lf.    f.  ar.nK'    th.-.n  which 

U    For  before  tli.i!   > ,  it  imi  came  from  were  of  llie  cireiimeiM'm. 


tion  that  the  ehler  apostle-  a-socialr<l 
with  the  coiupan  was  that  we  should 
remember  the  poor  .>i  .lii.laa  i  fi;.-  ■ . 
f.ir  (■itipha>i>.  i  .  pla.  < '1  1h1"1i  o  .i.  ,  _■ 
C,,,-  II  41.  riic  pi.\ir:\  "1  tlh-  j.  I  ni 
vlmri-li.  imitin.i;  a-  it  ilul  thr  lii.iralin  "t 
the  |ori::^ii  o'iiiir.ln-.  wa-  a 
mean-  "I  n  ni^tlu  iiiiii;  I'm-  tnlMm  "t 
Iii,.i1ut1i'""1  aii'i  llu'  unity  .'I  tlu-  >  '  'i 
rluiroh  1  ■  I  -•  t-'T  1^  iJ  1.-1.  And  this 
very  thing  I  have  been  ii"!  ..ii!y  uiliii'v;. 
Inn  I '"'"I  zealous  to  do.  I'aiilV  iir..iliatril 
/lal  111  cllrrlmj;  amotiK  tin-  li«'iitilis  tor 
ilic  poor  of  ilu-  iiiotlur  diiireli  i>  attc-'fil 
l,y  1  t  or.  wi  1-4.  J  Cor.  viii.  in.  ("lure 
lie  uri;i.s  upon  ilu'  Corinthian-  llu'  evanii'le 
ot  the  Macedonian- 1.  Ae!-  17  \>"- 

eorilniK'  to  Acts  ni.  .?o.  \ii.  J5  i '  ut  -re  on 
iial.  ii.  l»  lie  hail  e\eii  eoll.  ett  <l  for  ll;e 
poor  before  the  Jerusalem  enmieil. 

The  ClJsh  at  .liitLuli:  /'jii/  .Iss.-rts  lliin- 
Si-lf  .li;aiiist  I'ctcr  ui. 


T!;;-  pa-siije  lorn;-  a  -TiU'Iil;  eli'ii.,\  to 
Paul's  ar'.;iiineiu  l-r  !r.~  apo-:.  .h,-^  ni,!.  - 
pen.leiic  lie  lia-  -llo\\  n  lliat  lu-  .iM  not 
.lerue  111-  uo-jm  I  or  lu-  eo!nr.i!--ion  in  -n 
nl.in  lie  .1..!  1!'  I  even  -.1  tlu  :ilM-t,.  - 
tiil  tlit-ee  Vi  ai-  alter  !;:-  ,-o!i w  r^i  'll.  ^ 
t'leii  he  reeei\t.!  no  m -1  r nei !oi i  troin  tae  . 
\\  lirii.  lor.rteea  veal  -  a It.  r  a  .,r.  1 -.  e  i.  Miil- 
stanee-  eonip.  Me<l  linn  ai;ain  'o  ,,  •  Imii- 
-aleiii.  In-  iiiilepenileiiee  aU'l  (Mnil;')  uete 
r.-eounii-ed  by  ilii'  apo-ll''-.  Now  Aii- 
t:oeli.  when  an  i-ne  erneial  !  'r  tlie  Inturc 
of  tlie  Clin-liaii  eliureh  aipl  "  tlie  tr--lh 
of  the  "  'f.  '■■l"    5'  '--'^  '" 

fo:i.;ht  out.  lie  loanitain-  In-  po-i'-on  e-,rn 
ij.,.(:/(.v7  I'.ler.  Apart  Ir-ni^ii-  ln~t.ru.i 
and  tlieoloio.-.i!  iir;oi:aia\.  tn>'  pa--!'.;'  i- 
,„ie  o|  l  .iu;.  b  nn:,:i  ni'ere-1  ;  t«o  yrea' 
-lolie  l.a.ler-.  d ; !t'.  viti'..;  in  n  ■  '.•.lit  and 
e-'iiavie.  but  one  in  tin  :r  .'.i^ot:..'  I'ne 
-,  rviee  of  Cbn-t  and  M  ■  ei'n.  h.  a"- 
ransjeil  on  oppo-ue  -i.l'  -  'ai  a  \it,d  ir.n - 
tion,  and  I'lie  i-  c!ri\<n  !  >  In-  .  'ii-.  i.  i" 
and  In-  eone.  p' '.on  ■  f  ili,  '.^o-pel  to  willi- 
st  I-.,!   11  e  o''  ,  r  !■  '  llle   l.i>  e 

Hut  when  1.  ;  !  -     ■  Peter 
came   to   Antioch     no  donh'    .itn-r  the 

I.  rn-  d'  in  eoiit,  r.  nee  d.  -en!'.  d  ill  I-lo; 
"i„  til.'  period  eoe,  r.  'l  I'V  A-.-i  -  w  .Vy-y-. 
rather  tlia",  ni  die  lat.  r  jierioil  i  \i't-  x-.ni 
22),  a-  by   that    time   I!arnal>a-.   who  is 


pre-eiit    in   ( id    ii     \  .\.   V  <d   \■.^■'■  ■■■ 
Tan!   i  \' •-  \\    .;'ii      I  resisted  him  to 
the    face,    an    al'ini'l    and    -tartlinv;  '^tat.- 
111,11!    e.  .11-1. 1,  nil--;  i!i.'  ■  ii.;!il  hand  of  fel 

I.  ,«-li;p"  wluli  In  li.i.l  lee,  ued  from 
I'i'.r  oniv  tu..  Ml-.  -  I. .(..re.  Imt  the  rea- 

II  wa-  because  he  stood  convicted  of 
ineon-i  teiiey  by  Ills  ..\\n  cotniiiet  I  he  ill- 
,..ii-.-tenev  1-  n.'W  evpl.iiiH  d  a-  .i  ehai»>!e 
ol  .ittiliide  toward-  tlie  tiiiitde  riin-lians 
oi  the  .\nti.ieli  einireli  For  d'lrnr.:  th<- 
prri..il  ( inipi  i  before  the  arrival  of  some 
.:iiet;aie-  from  James,  he  was  eating  with 
the  Gentiles.    In  I'l-  'le  w..-  ..eitj.u  ni  the 

-;„rit  oi  ihe  1  1    Ii.    I'-el  1'  .u  nl   m  '  "n- 

II.  e', oil  witli  (.  .'Vnelni-  i  \.  '-  v  l -'J^'. 
;...,|  in  t'ne  -pill!  .'i  l!ii  ree.nl  ,-.  .iiip.iel. 
e,iur..'!-lv  u:l.  1  p.,-.  d  :  !.iit  ii.-l  .i'  all  in 
t'u-  -M'  It   .'1   ..n   ..i!h"lo\   J.       1  \.  1- 

J ;  |.;.l,  .  s\  J  1  App.it  .  tt!',v  m.un.  of 
('„.  i,  vi-li  (  liri-i:all-  .0  j.  tu-.d.  in  li.e! 
1  ot  -••  niterpi.'ed  llu-  ."nip.ie!  .  iii.  v  li.i.l 
1 ,  .-..'.ini,-.  d  tla-  1.  ■-.' it iin.ie>  "l  r.int'-  l;..-P'  I 
•,i  til.'  dentil.-,  'il!  ill.'  Je«-.  ill  UeeoniillK 
(  iin-tiaii-.  u.r.-  -td'  t.i  rem. en  Jew-,  faith 
i  t."  :li.  ir  l.i'.v-  .'.n'l  u-.iue-:  .and  t'ldi'litv 
I.,    mnal    pr.  -ei  'i.'!'  n.   .■       m   ihe  matter 

■  i!    lo.icl.   W.l-   o!.vlo!I-'v    lll!po--'Me   t'l  Jews 
uh.i  a--'oeiat.  d  a!  t.iM.' -  wiili  le  i't.le-.  who 
u,  re  l.onnd  U   i"'  -  a  'i    '  '  ■■l  ''  - 
1  ,,1,.    ue  ar.-  n..  ■!""!  l   t  '   nud,  i  -lan-l  the 
.l.-t'iitatioii  from  i.iiii.  -     1'  i    mil.e.l  ipiile 

,  iMe.  a-  l.mlitloo;   -  -e:  ■   '-.  t..  -npi...-e 

••ti  .il  thev  earn.-  iin.-t..l  v.'di  -  ni.j  i.ower> 
ir..ni     Iain.-     wlneli     t!i,\      t' n-,  .1  l!iit. 


!  \   w  a  . 


leon     \  rnii;  11:'  •■ 
ia.II-  r-  .1  io  J.  '  '^-'-'ni 

i  and  ei  .n-idei  i  u.  l  n  ili.  i . 
i  -eil.  di  -pl'e  111-  |i  .-t  e\p. 

hi-  'ji  ii.-r.'ii-  .itini  .'•  '■' 
;,More  p!..'.iMe  tli.it  li  '  . 
nnrepi.-eiil     t!.,  nn'id 


,  1, 


lain.' 


\.  !-  WI  iS  I  ). 
1  it  r.'er  Inin 
•11. '  ,  .d'.in.l.aied 
,  <  e  I't  -.  It  I- 
■  b  .•  -  .!•.!  not 
■I  I 


t,-,!!!i  'i-   ill  1'   '1  .    ••omn.i'  •■   "  di   It..  -I'ai|i 
,|i\'.,i..'    ..|  til.    (  hr'-M,,!'  uoil.l  into  J.w- 
.•I'l   fi.nii'.  -.   .lid   n.ol    .1.  ole  eonteniplali' 
'  ,1-1  ,  "Itv    tba'   -AO  iM  I..-  .-riare.!  Lv  i 
:     .,  1  ,.',,,..  !,.  -eel.  a-  .  M-t.'.l  at  \'e,o'!i 
But  after  their  arrival,  he  i  I'.n-^  began 
to  withdraw  and  tm.i'U  to  separate  him- 
Iself.  and  nrmn.-.ine.l  tin-  -■!,'■  ■.'  • 
1 1  ininf  I  because  he  was  afraid  of  the 
adherents  of  circumcision,  n     p  lu.ip-  -'t 

I  the  lewi-li  Clin--i  e:-  •.•'  n-  r  dK.  lull  "t  I  k 
l-trieler   of   lli.in.    wh-.   m-i-n.l    n|i"ii  'he 
Centile-  adoplmu  Jewi-h   rite-,  a-  a  e..|i 
ditioii  of  itiiere.  nr-e  with  them.    1  eler  a 


(JALATIAXS. 


13  Anil  the  other  Jews  di'^'iimhlfd  like-  k<"V' 
wise  with  hiin:  iti-ii.niti.-h  th:it  li.irn.ili.is  It  th' 
also  \v;i^  i-;irrn  il  :iu;iv  uith  tluir  dissiniii-  m  r  ( 
lation.  \^''> 

14  Utii  when  I  saw  tiiat  ihry  \vali<eil  :  do  tiie  Jews.' 
liot  iiiiriuhtly  ;ni-'>rdin!i  to  tlie  truth  of  the  ■ 


I,  I  -i.iid  tttitii  T'l  ii  T  liifiirc  lltriii  nil, 
■  It.  lu  iiiy  M  ji  w.  li.i-t  at'tiT  till'  tii;iit- 
it  ^  .iiid  ni't  a-i  do  tlic  Jews, 

iiipi  lli  -t  tliou  the  Gentiles  to  live  as 


with  (i.nlil.-    i\a-    a    liialtiT   i-l  the 

Kravi--t  itti|".i  liiu  f.  oiii^idirillK  the  loye- 
lea--l  wliii  'i  ai  l  iittijiaitn-d  the  eelehr.ilion 
1)1  the  l.ni.!'-  Sii|ii>fr  tcf.  I  Cor.  xi.  .tv- 
^4 )  :  i-iiiijiiiiiiiiiin  hetween  tnenilaTs  of  llie 
"two  Krial  Melti.n-;  of  the  chnreh  wotthl 
thtiN  heioiiK-  ititiHi-^ihle,  ami  th.-  >acr;iiii' tit 
which  oiiuht  til  have  itnili-d  nun  vviild 
ilivtile  tluiii.  it  i-*  eiiri.  i~  I"  lin.l  I'lUr. 
after  tlie  l.ip^i-  ><i  liiaii\  \i.ir~.  .iti'l 
sideri'iK  hi»  iin-itiiittetit  aiitli' 'liiy  iti  tl;. 
Jewish  eliitreh.  tin-  vntitn  01  /Viii'.  W 1' 
Me.  fiir  oiu-  ilium.  Ii"W  liouertill  xhf 
Ju'lai  -pirit    ill':-l    li.i^i'    1"  '  "    ui  tl,.' 

Jewish  rliu'i'li.  win  11  il  wa^  aMe  to  Iii'inl 
ti,  it-  will  tin  i"'\\.rtnl  I'lli-r;  .iiid  .'it;.nn. 
wi-  ^l  e  liciw  )n  i  -iMi  11;.  it  li"l  iiH  r.i.'h  al'if. 
are  llic  Kri'i'inl  ir.iliirc-  "l  an\  ih.Ih  i.l'i.il 
eli.irai-t.t  \ti.:;.l  of  .1  ^tv.ii;!  111,11. 1_;  ami 
i.\i  r  lu.  nl>  yi  ar^  .it!,  r.  aliai.l  nl  the 
,li:itii!ii.  .11--  .'1  eir.-iitiiii^ioit.  "  111!'  whole 
1111-1. l(;it  1-  r.inarkahly  charai'teri-tic  of 
IM,  r  -  r\.  r  llu  lir-t  to  reCoKiit/e.  ati<l  the 
titvt  to  (It^nv  hack  from,  great  prtneiiiles 
and  trtttli^  "  ( .Mford). 

13.  And  the  rest  of  the  Jews.  1  .v.  Jewi-h 
nienilK-rs  of  the  chitreh  at  .\tittoch,  noth- 
ing loth  to  f.-Ilow  il!  >M an  t  \- 
an-.ple.  also  played  the  hypocrite  with 
him.  .Neectdti.ii  t..  I'ai:l.  tian-  IVt.r  ua-^ 
a  livf"i-ri:r :  he  iiniui  i,  .!.  Uy  h\>  \h<Wy 
.if  M-paration.  t.i  .•il  iiii.l.'ii  |iniu-i|>t<  in 
uln.-li  he  re.illy  l.iluN..l.  lit'  m:11 
that  it  ua-;  riilht  t"  lat  wi'li  H.-iit il.-- : 
l.ii!  f.  ,ir,  .iiid  ihr  ]>re-M!ii'  .>!  l!:.-  il.  1.  ■ 'ii. 
I  ..iiilinu  .1  t.i  itlihu-e  hi  111  to  t  iMiil  1  \  1  I  ^ 
till-  i--  rather  le>-  than  r,i-t  to  I'etir,  II.' 

ilr.;ill\  .u'l.  .1  un.l.  r  tli.-  iiiipn  -i-  n  .1 
111.  111. .111.  til  ,\1  111-!,  ill  the  iii!;m!-i  .'I  .1 
l.tue  hi-.irt.-d     .  iitliii-i:. <.'!!.     he    a»-.  .ei.-i:.  d 

nil  llu-  I  M  till!.  -  .11  I  'I'-al  aii.l  l-i.-tlu  riv 
I.  rill-:  lii't  th.  ].:. -.11.'.-  .'1  the  'l<;l>tit.il '-"n 
l:'i:ir.  Il  iD-  i  . -  I.  ,ri.!  tl'..-  a u .iki-niiii;  cm- 
-.■ioii-i"i. .1  till-  W'\'-  and  !inj.or!atU  con- 
sf.|ii.  ii.-.  -  "i"  '.he  -lep  he  had  taken,  n-nnld 
set  111-  e..ii.l!u!  in  a  dilTerent  liyht.  and 
lie  tnav  ij::::.-  'itir.irh.  h.^^^ever  ine.in 
vist.titlv.  li.i\e  ■■  wilhdr.iwn  and  separ.itw! 
himself."  l  o  Taitl.  with  his  eVnr  eonee])- 
lion  of  the  tinaltty  "f  the  k'o-Iiel.  and  of 
the  utter  irrele\anee  .f  n".-  .ind  eere 
monies,  sneh  a  ^tep  nia>  wW  have  ->iiiu<l 
iiypocrisv,    .\nit  the  example  of  I'eter  wa  , 


SO  contagions  that  even  Barnabat  was 
also  carried  by  their  hypocrisy;  another 
proof  how  tenaeions  w.i--  the  ehiteh.  and 
how  p.>werfnl  tlu-  .i|.|h,i1  ..i  J.i.l.ii^tn — 
Harnaii.i-  wis  .1  l.\;ie.  Ili-  d.  feeiioii 
tmist  li.i\e  h  .  1]  to  I'anl  an  aim. 1-1  more 
slai:i,'erin'.:  than   the   rie,itii.ition  of 

TeliT.  a-  lie  li.id  :iee. .tnp.ini.il  I'.ml  on  hi' 
tir-t  ;ir --'.'ii,ir>  i..iini.  v  (  \et-  \iii.  _' tT,  ) 
.■Hid  I'.i.I  :i.  m  1  M-e.  Ir-  I.  Ik  . \v -.111. '-i  le 
t.)  t'le  <  .  Mil-  -  .  x'v    .).  :  p. 

14.  But  when  I  saw  that  they  did 
not  walk  straight  in  accordance  with 
I  "(HI?:  -.>  raMirr  l'i:m  in  t'lr  J, •«  .'M. 
the  truth  of  the  gospel  1  ei.  \.  1  51.  wln.  h 
il-is  ti..t  tiei.l.  .-111.!  i-:iiiii'n  i..ler;ite,  any 
s'lppleinetil  If. .lit  i!'.'  ,  .il  ritnal  pre- 
-.npti-.ti.  I  said  to  Peter  iCft'lias)  piih- 
helv  before  tlutii  all,  as,  eonsiderinK  the 
pettiiei..ii-  itulu.nee  tif  Peter's  example 
iip..n  til.-  r. -I  .'f  the  Jewish  Christians 
(\er.  1.0  a  piiMie  reproof  seemed  to  he 
ne.-e-vai'y :  "If  you.  being  hy  nature 
( I'irdpxa'i- )  a  Jew  t(,i'.  ''I'M!  .III./  /'(.•./  a 
Jew:  l.ii;hM..i.i )  (cam  hve  like  the  Gen- 
tiles and  unhke  the  Jews,  how  is  it,  then, 
that,  if  no!  Ill  d.  Iini'.-  \\. .;t  aiiv  rate 
hy  the  force  of  \i.iir  iiiili:.  i-.  .-  :iii.l  ex:itn- 
ple,  you  compel  the  Gentiles  to  adopt 
the  usages  of  the  Jews?  I  In-  pr.  --ettt 
liusc  ,C>}'  e:iti  har.lly  lu-  tii..iiil  t.i  iin- 
ple  t!i:il.  I"i"  a  .  ■  u 1/  /( >'  p.Ti.'il,  I'eter 
111. I  .-i!  ..ii'l.  .11.  .i   l.\\i-li  111  t",i\.'r  ..f  (ieiitile 


I'-iiL.'.-:  III-!  -iii!p!>  t!i:i!.  .-I-  o.-.'.i-i.m  ot- 
I.  re'i.  111  I'a  tii.itt.  r  ..f  e. .iniii. -ii  iiu-:d-, 

-ii.'wr.I  tile  -,;iiu-  li!'.T,i!  ;itli"vl.'  t.i  llie 
tn  iitilv-;  aii'l.  I..  ;!  .It  es'.ii!.  the  ■i:inte  e.m- 
e.  ))ti..ii  of  !'u-  e  '-p.  l,  :i-  \'a\\\.  lint  wh:it 
:in  ifC'ii-i-l- iie>  !  .ivu'u  -  \':t\\\.  ^'olI  yotir- 
-ilf  ,iri'  -.I'.w  iiiipi.-iiin  tipoil  the  (jetttiles 
r-.rj,-  wli.h  \.iitr  recent  e..n.htet  ^how  s 
that  \on  reu.ir.leil  a-  nv. --.  nlial.  I'eter's 
pri-eiit  eoiidiiel.  as  r.ini  p..itits  out  more 
litlly  in  the  tte\t  par.i'^i;ipli.  i-  r.  .illy  he- 
itifj  deterniitti  .1  hy  the  Jewi-h  I.iw.  not 
hy  |l.e  l  liri-lviii  e.  '-p.  1  I  h.'  .1  "  -  wi-lu  d 
t.i  tti:iitit:iin  tli.'  ko\  .in-/  th.'  ,i;.i-p.  l:  T'-nl 
".'!:  'I,.-  irii.-,  .it  11. io!i-.!.-i V.  t|i;it 
uospe!  Wlietlur 
■r  \v  :i-  in  ill.'  h.  -t 
M  lie  iiiipi '--il  li', 
It'  til.-  m.-i.l.'iit, 
i-  \  1  ry  intelli- 
I'anl  the  verv  e-senee  of  the 


it  nil'  - 1  t'  <■  1,1  w  ■  t 
hi-  pi'hlic  n  hiiki  ol  r 
Christian    spirit.    ;!  w 


i'!;..ii!  tiirt!:.  r  k".  ,\  k'.lue 
-.IV  :  h'lt.   1!  :ii'\   rate,  it 


Wihh 


(11.  II 


1-    \\  ■   :,  'i:'  .p  ■  Jiw-  li>'  ti.itnri-,  ;i!ul  ti'it 

jiiitiiT-  •  •!  •'  ■  <  > 

1.  uir.L^  tl  ,  t  :i  niii!!       rot  iti-:;ti.'il 

\<\  liu  n.irl.^  .il  'hi  law.  Imt  I'v  tlu-  tuitli 
<.t   !;        Cl.n-t.  iMH  N\f  lulifM'il  ill 

l  liri--,      .1'  wo  tiiiKli'       jti-titii  il 
tlu   i.ntli  .1  cl:n-t.         ii.'t  t>v  tlic  works 


i>f  tlu-  l.iu  :  I.T  ]'\  tl-L-  wtUx  'iI  t!u'  law 
-iKill  11"  iu  ~li  I'l-  il 

17    I'.. It  II.  wl  iU   \\r  M  i  k  t.>  Im'  in-tili.-d 
I'v  (  liri-t.  \\f  ii'.ir^ilv      ;il^'>  :'.ri-  f.miul  -iii 
11.  r>,  i.<  tlu  rt  !"rc  t.  liri-t  tiu    iinni-li  r  "f 
>in'  f.  .rlii.l 

!■*  i-"..!'  it  riiin'.!  .ly.rti  thi-  lliitu:--  wliioh 
I  <!v-.tri  y>  >l.  1  iii  i'.i'  iii>-'  It  .1  tr,iti-ur>'^^"r. 


GALATIAXS. 


u,  v  I'l  111  l'-.i!m  o\Iiii.  2,  in 
i'  iiiMiliiu'il  i. II 111,  "no  flesh,  ui> 
n  iii.    shall   be   justified."  Tlip 

iruiiiiu  iu  1-  (I'  Mi  l'i  il.  "t  ,11  li  j-t  .  r.iwiu  il. 
as   olU'ii    in    l';!'.   I'V    a    ii'inlalinii  troin 


KoslK-l  liail  I'l  .  ii  u'..l>ai.Ii/.  .1  l.>   llu'  .ii  tioii  law,  a 

..I    IMiT  in  '•  witluirauiiii;  liliii--'  U  " ;  aiul  -■in.  ul 

it  iviT  iiitri'jiiil  speech  was  iiccess.-jry,  it  ii"  i:..l 
wa^  tlu'ii, 

iur-..i'al    ino.l.ii:     n>!    11..1  ral.-l    aiul    tlu- ■  Si-ril'ttiro,  lli.>-n;',i  it  i;  .i!i>  11  -  I'.-iiU  lari;.  Iv 

I11..1,'  il  iTM  ■!   ;    ri:"n  nf  ilu-  ciii-tli-  1)0-  fri>iii  his  owti  a.liiitu'ii  "li-.-in  llu-  wurk- 

UMuiiiv  \Mili  d\    111;  aii.l  it  lias  lu  iMi  a  of  the  law."     1  lu'  wnnl  •■o^o*  I /.i.>  )  tli-.tiKh 

1,.1UJ     .lv,l.l!,d    lllI.^tl.M!     \vlK-t!uT    tlu'V    «(>    llsfd      luTf     Wlll'.ollt      tlu-     ,irtu-I.',  rctlTS 

uith  tlu-  OIK-  cr  tiK'  t'l  r.  TIk-v  an-  c.-r  Itliroiiulu.ut  tlu-  .-i-i-Mr  .l.-tiiiii,  Iv  to  llu- 
t  iailv  -.nu-wliat  .loclriiial  in  form.  Lnt  !n|.l.-w:-li  1  nv.  ,ir.|  iiu  r.-  ii.iriu  ul.irlv  on  it. 

.      ■    ■  I   1.    -  .•-     (   ,     I      .,,1.  .-■  I'll  ,1   ti  il     Ullll  ItU" 

111-     ill.-     1  Mlllll.l-I> 

!,       I  ].,   ,1,  iii.in.l- 
'.   I  ii-r.li.-.ition  c.in 
i!i  I'  w  .n      |;i-n)i.-.i! !■  Ml 


l.llllU      .■'llUHU.ll     .I'V'i   .....  I. 

.■in\  Va-i-  tlu-  iloi-triiR-  ^;lows  with  ri-nnn:~-  u-n ,  m,  .11  .J 
Cfiu-fs  of  till-  i-iirount.r  u.ih  l".-;--r,  aiut'l.p.  lo  tlu 
snnu'  of  it  is  only  fnlly  i,:i.-l!i.;in,-  u-.Tu 
that  inciiKnt  as  its  iiniiu-<liati-  lia^-kuroiiiul. 
I'anl  lit  11  t  ci-rtainlv  havi-  s.iul  iiior.-  tli.  n 
is  r.-OM-.l.  .1  in  \.-r.  14;  aiul  In-  unu-r.il 
armiiiu -.!'  -  -1  ai  oi-ci-i. 'ii.  u  :i  n-'' 
1.!  •  I'lK  1 M-.'. !  -...!  in  \-..  1,;  -'I.  Ill'--'  '  :\<' 
:,:    I  -a'-I    r-:il  tl"-  --     I'---''-''  'V 

III,  t!  itli  !-  ll.  ;I  t!u  -lH-.>-!i  Ih-iu!  Ill  v.r, 
14  taiKs  In- ;i  :!i:>  i Ho  nl^>-lioiis,  wliR-li 
l):.rll>-    1-^-1'!  "'--.i---  •■riciit.il  ari;i!!!U-iiI, 

arr  ]<.a{U   ..■Uhi      <!        llu-  \.  r\  Min- 
,l..r    ->l-ia-!.-ii    uliuli    I'a'il    .-lUr.-r.;-  m 
lii-!:iu-t-  of  ri-l'orts  ot  -;ii-ivlu-, 
p  ;-  .i'r^  in:.,  r.  l!.  .-tu nis  art-  not  inn-. .innioii 
(i-i    l..;-;i        11,  im 

15,'  16.   WE  (ari.-)  born  Jews 

and  not  Gentile  sinners  -( ..  unKs  and 
-nuu-r'      I  lu->i-  wonK  r.in  oii  v 
1,0  ir.mioal  on  tlio  lips  of  I'anl:  tiny  an,  |  I  N-^ 
at  any  ra'.o.  an  .-ir-'Uinont  a.Mr. ---<  '!  to  tlic   :i  :  ! 
Jo«i-!i    0..IIM-1..II-IU -<    ot    M,|,.ru.nty  aiulji!-.). 
prorou-i'no.  a  pr. '■..i;an\o  wl-'.oli  tlio  v.-rv  :  1  ,v  I 
tu-xt  vor-o  vh..u-  t..  ho  unro.i!.  ..r.  a!  a.ny 
rato.  inol"foOli\ 0.  -o  f,-ir  a-^  -.ih.il  —  1  1-  i'-  n 
Cornell,    r.  I'i.-il'-,  a.-.  Lip-ii!-  li  i-  -  'l. 
wo  Irno  l>.-r.-  "  tlu-  \or\    w '.'<   w  ' 
IVtor  -        '        ■■■-■^^  ■  ■■" 

the  (',  -.-.!.    I  '.'    i-;.^:-.-"    Yet  knowing, 
u         .   that   man   is   not   justified  by 
(,\  ;    iii-!iii,-..!-       .1'-.  -   iu.|_  -pniu;  ;'-.'if!  1 
the  works  of   '  .  .  • 
\,\  )  the  law  I"  only  by  means  of  taitn 
in  Christ  Jesus.  WE  ALSO     ^  'i  ^"<"> 

1.  iiiaii  >  ;.-iiiiio  -1-^' '  1  -.  ■>  : 
all.-'-;o.l  -',;iHri..!iM  a-  J  -.v-.  became  be- 
lievers in  Jesi's  Christ,  in  order  that  we 
might  be  justified  by  |'^.  /V.'hm  faith 
in  Jesus  Christ,  and  not  by  the  works 
of  the  law;  for,  by  the  works  of  the 


A''ili.ii:-. 
ratlur  on  iIu-  .  lau  .i! 
of  lliO  l.iw   .11.-  -  -.  ll 
lu-vi  r  0' .nu-  l'  -r  n;    1  1  !i 

i-  ai'i|\:r!.il  1:'  ;  uli;!iu  nt.  llu-  rr.-i.i;;ii' u  .11 
tl:.it  ,1  iii.in.  m  n.:h!  ri'ilu.ii-  wi-'n  •  lo.l 
ll'i-  lio  ..irn..t  sii-iiro  1\  "w.ik-  ot  tlu- 
law,"'  wliu  li  lo.i.K  t.i  il.  -|.air.  Ion  onK 
" -lironijh  I'lrli  in  ('l-ri-'."  t>\  uiu.-i-  dialli 
f.-r  viii.  u-'li  It-.  .1.-1:  M  t.i:,.--  troiii  tlio  law. 
and  in  y.  lu  ral  troin  "li.i-  |M-i--oiit  ovil 
w..rl.r'  (1  41  t!u.-.  rolituiii-.  woro  made 
|i.i--iI.lo.  riiiN  f,ii:h  III  i.  hi:sl  i-  a^  11000-- 
-.,ry  1.1  Jo«.  ,1-  t"  (loiitilov.  "Wo  who 
,0  0  Ii-w---,"  n.i  ll  than  llio  -iniior.  of 
llio  (ioiitilo-.  Ml  or. lor  t..  at'aiii  >-alvattoti. 
l;a.I  t.i  ■■  h.  !■,  ll-  -,  .1-  III  Cliri-t  "  The 

l.nv.  t!u-n,  vv'  uli  o.i\<  tlu  J.w-  .1  -.-oinitii? 
.uhan'.i^  -.  r  .;l;>  no  ,,d\ .!n'.i:.;o  aitor  all 
I  111-  -.•    ;..  !  tl.  •  'U  .iiul  retviv.  -  )i<.  liolp  In .111 

;.  ;    !  ,-     i'  ,     ;i-:i|„...--    of    thi-    L-'.-Im  1.  II 

\li,!   -,  rt   till,   i-    i-.-i    '\lia'    I'l  I.  r. 
.-..I-  h...    t.nl.  .1   I.,    r.  .  ..ittii  -r 

:i  I.iu    .1   |.l.i.-o   ;.i   whi' ll  it 

ri.-:l:r.  .in.!  i-  i!n:-  j.i  i.-'i.  ,ill\   .l.  iiy 
■-,   .  I  tlu-  u.i-iM-1.  of  t.iilli  iti 
1  !:m--    .1.  ..I.-n,- 

17.    18.     Ill    .1'  in.|.  ■ilin._-    In-    inS  i.-,  uir-o 
1!  !  ■  1.-  uiih  1!,^   (i'litn.--.  I'.-l.  r  pin'-,  illy 

I.  .nl.----t-s  t'nit  that   int.  rr.  nir^o  w  .i^  ^-nlill. 

II.  r.-  t':- n  .1  .'i!- niiiia  I'ol.  r  "  sook> 
to  111-  in  lili'il  in  ('Iiri-t."  and  \ot  through 
s.-iUi;!'.;  tin-  1  n.-'ili.  .Ill- .11  111  I'lin^l  ij/.'»i<". 
aiul  'Ini-  ooii-i  !i  riii.»  hinisi-lf  free  from 
Jtrtti-'i  r-tii.i!  o'-'i-4.it-:--n,  V-  ha--  '"-.■!!  lod 
into  vin.  Ft  i.  C"liri--t.  thon.  in  a  soiiso, 
who  i--  rosi»on->il>li-  for  his  sin,  in  K-aditiK 
him  to  hroak  with  the  Jewish  taw  Hut 
rhri-^i  a  miin^tor  of  -in!  lmi«>-»ihU-. 
Now  if.  seeking  to  be  justified  in  (ic. 


1:1-  tl 

■in-  ',' 


23-t 


GALATIAXS. 


[Cii.  TI 


19  For  I  tlirough  the  law  am  ilcad  tO|(;.Hl,  wlio  lovicl  im .  ,iiul  k.ivc  Inm^cli  f.ir 
thi'  law,  lliat  I  niinlit  liM- iiiix.  •.cxI.  ;  inc.  i,  a- 

M    I   .ini  cnu-iru,!  Willi  I  hri^i  :  n.  vir- I     JI    1  <1..  n-t  iniMr;.tc  the  grace  of  (.oO. 
tluK-ss  I  livi  ;  \rt  iioi  I.  l,ui  Christ  liM  ili   i..r  if  riKlii.-Mii-iu -s  .  ..mtf  by  tl»«  law,  then 
in  iiic:  and  tin-  lili-  «liu-li  1  mnv  livi  in  tlK  jCliri-.i  is  dead  in  vain, 
tlt  sli  I  live  by  the  faith  of  the  Son  of  | 


alniM>i  -.till  nil  Ji  faith  oiii  Christ  alone, 
we  ti'aitl  includes  liiniM-lf  for  arKiinunt 
and  conrte«iy  s  sake )  ourselves  were  found 
to  be  sinners,  is  Christ  then  a  minister  I 
of  sin?  Never!  Hut  if  not  CliriM.  then  i 
who?  for  ll.i  !<•  i-  -111  si.iin  wlu  re ;  if  a 
man  goe*  h.u-W  ii|n.ii  liw  iniMiiii-.  cmhIiuI, 
if  he  reliinl.ls  \v!,.a  In-  h.i-  .l.~iro\>,l.  lu- 
was  K'nl'y  eithir  iIp  n  ..r  n.iw,  :mi(1  lu- 
'iilc^^t  !'  as  niiii  h  ;  llu-  i^r.\\\  i^  olivicm-A- 
/.;,>•  So    lii  rr.    1'.  '.<  1 .    li.v     In-    w  ith 

diaw.il  Irnin  tlu-  (kii'.i!.  -.  r.  I''iil.lni.i;  the 
Ji'u  i-li  le;.;al  ^> -Uiu  uiiii  li  I'V  in-  Ii  K-inllv 
a--..i-iali<.ii   Willi    iluni.  In    Ii.ul  (K-lro>cl. 

I  !.,■  Kiiilt  '■•  1"  '  '      '  "■ 
li,.  Ii.i-   ni. TMil   a   llii-.'ir^h  a   t.ii-i   m-  at 
|,  ,,  t    l.il  lil.  i.'Mi-i  ptii'ii  <i|  the 

V'  l'il.  For  if  1  lanyoik';  llionyh  he  is 
ilr.iiknu!  ]..;i;:>  iilarly  I't  IM.r)  rebuild  the 
very  things  which  I  destroyed.  I  prove 
MYSELF  tlr.  transgressor. 

ig.    For.  I.  for  my  part  («'>"')  unlike 
Peter  and  "the  i.ilur  .Kv. wI'k  f 
eMahli-liinil  liie  law.  ari-  vin\iall\  /',,,  .,  I" 
It.  am  I.I  ilu'  law.     riinnrjii  In-  "  l  inli 

in  C'liri-t."  lie  lia-  \irtiially  entered  aniit'  i  v 
W'Vll.  ami  I-  iKad  "  tin-  y  i  in  wiiM  " 
(1.  .|  I  ri  I'Vi  -eiitv  d  I.y  ilu  l.  w.  A'l'l  tins 
<ha!ll  has  Imn  l.r..nLlit  al  ■  nt  •■  hv  the  l.-u 
il-i  It'.  rile  real  .  \;>l.nK!i,..r,  ■•1  lln-  i>  ni.n  k- 
;ilr.-  nllnaree  i-  jn.  ..M;,'  1.'  he  -miv.  Ii!  in 
I'an','-  n:\-!;e,;I  "  er"ei!i \ i. ni  \\;'h  J.  -ns 
(  \  ,1,  .'!>  1.  I  ill-  law  sU  >\  I'lii  1-1  ;  hat  ill 
d.Mli^:.   lie  -ati-lud   its  elaiiii-,  ami   i:  has 


th.  Vi  !■  <u-  la 


a  .  |i.  •\s .  r  '    1  r  1 1  nn  I 


wli,.  1.  aoe  ni  t  !n!-!.  are,  aeeor.lint;  'h'' 
niN-iual  uUa  ot  I'anl.  one  with  linn  — 
I  lie  III  ih  alh  and  one  in  rk-s  irr-eUnn.  In 
Ills  ilea.lii  they  di.  d,  and  in  His  r<snr- 
reeiit.i)  hie  iluy  li\e  aL;ain.  So  tlu-  l.^w 
whu-h  shw  Ciir'^t.  sU-w  al-"  I'anl.  lor  1  <■ 
was  "erneitied  with  Hint"  l\er  -f )  i  ;  and 
thus  it  was  t'.iu-uji  the  law  tViat  he  t.'o 
<lied.  Also  ot  eiair-e  /  '  the  law  :  l'>r,  losuis; 
its  power  over  (  iin-I.  hv  His  hen .nniig 
a  curse  for  ns."  it  l"sas  its  pouir  o\er 
those  who  are  one  willi  Ilim  iti  His  di  ath 
(  ni.  I  t  I.  i'.v  iliin  thi  \  are  red.  enieii  ii..ni 
It.  ami  from  all  i'  -  i.r.-.nl  i-m1  or.K-r  of 
t'  ,■  H  .r!'l  I  i,  .\  ■ .  '■'  >'  '  .'h  l!  ■  V  ai.-  now 
'\  -'  ;  through  the  law,  died  to 
the  law,  that  I  mi^lit  live  unto  GOD. 
r. '.r  ua-  f-nm  ih.-  .  -,]•.  i  nn. -n  i.l  hiin;; 
at  the  same  lime  dead  to  the  law,  an.l  also 


very  much  .-ilivc  to  it;  to  laid  compromise 
is  muiossihle.  He  es  that  when  a  man 
dies  to  till'  la\v.  111-  iiinsf  live  to  (/  a/. 

ao,    31.    The    d.  alh    an.l    the    life  are 
equally  real  am!  |i.  niianent.    He  .li.  .1.  uas 
enu'il'ied.    m    <lni-!  -   ern.ili\n.:i;    I  have 
been,  an.l  am  i-i.  \<rin.a.  .  |.'  ri  i  crucified 
with  Christ;  and  it  is  no  longer  I  that 
live  -~  !■  a    I  ./     h>.-  I  n..;.'  lia-  .  ir:|.ha-:s  ,,f 
luj  and  ».'P  — but  Christ  that  lives  in  me. 
He  is  aii.'ther  man  m  an"'her  world,  imt 
.iiilv  ha\ini:  hr.  .ken  with,  hut  ha\niK  (/(.■(/ 
!...  hi-  ..Id  iiast.    It  Is  II. >t  hniiself  at  all 
i;,at  live-,  hiil  an.ither  silf.  t'r.nst  in  him. 
I  he  tr.nisiMrnniiK  ami  reeeiieratiiiK  itTcct 
1. 1   Christ   np.in  Imn  eoidd  not  lie  more 
\ividly  stated.    .\ial  yet  he  cannot  forget  — 
he  h;is  too  manv  painful  retninders  —  tli;it 
he  is  still   in   tn,-  thwii,  h\'\n\i  under  the 
liniit.itioiis    <if    this    physieal    an.l  mortal 
fr.iine.    Hut  /.J.'.'    ni  III,-  .» .  ii  .  '   (/'■./  h.-is 
llie    li.'W.r    I'f    ahahy    t ran -. a  i uin i.;    tla -o 
i  n;  i.ii  1. .n-  ;  and  the  life  that   Hit.  iluit 
,,  .,  ./;  I    1  now  sin.-e  nty  c.  .il\ er-i.  Ml  live, 
I    live   in    :h.'   a.Ta.-i.l a  ;l    a;i.l   p.iuer  of 
faith  on  J.  n-  (,  'a  i-t.  \\  i  ■       m.  U-s  than 
God's  ..\\"n  son  (-■.•11.  M.'-.S.  rial  t/.-i/  ,iiui 
(  /i!i../i,  who  loved  n"t  only  tlu-  world  in 
t;i  lu  r.il.  h  it  mc  in  paMi.-'iiar.  and  on  the 
,]-..--.  gave  Hiinself       lia  (l.a;!i  for  me, 
..11  my  I"  :  alf  i  i  "'r     i  ,\  !•■'         .^.iis  t  i.  .) » 
an.l,  to  .hh\.  r  in.-   fr'.ni  the  pr. -i-iu  eul 
u..rl.l.     1  he  .Uath  .'I    Ch.i-t,   wh-eli  ah..|- 
:  lad  the  power  of  In  -  law.  is  h<  I'.-ill!  the 
-nprenie  ilhisl rat i. 'it  of  the  .-.''i;.  i'  <'/  (/.'</. 
liie  Jews  toimd  this  dunie  K'aee  also  in 
the  law  whuli  nave  th.in  their  f.mcied  su- 
periority over  the  "lu-.ith.en  snin.rs  "  (  ver. 
i;i,  and  I'aiil's  uppoiuiils  may  luue  twitted 
hnii    w-.'li    reteetitl^-   tin.-      I'.  'I    '■<  r.^heS, 
1  am  not  frustrating  the  grace  of  God. 
He  tiials  tli.il  Kr.f-e  o.uipV:.  S  tiiih  ••■led  in 

the  death  of  <  In  :-!  ;  t'          '       r.  ..I  \  In;-- 

trate  i!  at.  xl   •)  V'.'       :  ''•  rv  t" 

,.|!ee!    .1      ■  ■■■•■:       i       ! '  ■.v .  .  a    ("ia:--    .,;  .1 

the  haw.  For  if  it  is  by  the  law  that 
righteousness  :  n-iiti.Mia  n  i  .  comes),  tiien 
Christ  died  for  nothing;  .:  r:c';,;a.jusness 
was  ti.  .Ul.aiiu.l  1\  lir.^  la\'.,  liien  the 
de.ith  of  Christ  w.is  snperl'noiis. 


1  h.'  fir-t  t'.v.i  chapter-  ar.^  ..f  i;reat  hio- 
uraphieal  iniiri--!  and  nnpm '  .nice,  Hot  only 


Til.  II] 


(JAf.ATlAXS. 


lui-.iiiM-  ihtv  rii'-ril  -■iiu-  f.u-i-  «liu-Ii  .-itf 
i„,l   ,U,  'Alu'ri    I.  >  iT'li  il.  lii't  lii.MU-i-  til.  \ 
ri  \r,il  -..in.  ilmiK  ..|  tlu'  inm  r  oti-i  i..ii-ii.^s 
.il  ilw  .■iii"-ilr.  ..I  till-  i.M  im.i-t.rniv:  l" 
violion  iiv  wliii-li  lii-  ".i-*  ji. .--i~-it!  tlial  lii' 
li.i.l  )>.<ii'  (IimikIv  vmIU.I  tt>  a  niii(|iu- 
of  lii>  i  .>ii>i  ini<  iit  in.l.  p<  11.1.  iHc  <'l  all  liii 
mail  autliiiituaU.Mi.  aii.l  i.i  'Ih-  ri.iir.iu.  vm'Ii 
wliicll   lif   waN  i.ril>ar.il   t.i   iti.utilaiii  Ins 
cmcfptioii    t'l    till-    v;..-|k1    cmii    a.;  n!-! 
tfa<ltr<    \vli<»f    )>.i-iili.ir    im'"'"""         '  ' 
ll,,  .r     oi.ini.  'iix     1. 1  -.il     I '  M"  '■'  ■  '' 

wl  ..-,-  a':;li"r:l>  wa-  imImi  iH  .  i.  .Mr.'..  ■! 
li>  a  \t  rv  lar'^.-  iiiniil..  r  ..l  >  mm.  -I  in.  M 
a'-  Mipii  iitc.  I'atil  nii.l.  r-^.-l  i.r.'t.aMv 
li.tUT  :haii  any  iii.in  "l  h:-  f.iii.  u'ln-i- 
,,|    Im.jIi  -^Lat     I.  l:.Ji..n-     \i  i.1l  lla.l 

,-lainu-.i  !ii-  lu.inaMc,  t  M  \.\-  pi .  it.  .illi.l 
iiii.lcr-lan.lmj:  ..l  uliat  ua-  iiiv.ih.il  in 
(1in-nanil\ ,   .ni'l         ''i-    '  <  '    '"  " 

li.ill.  li;-  aii'l   ll!-    niar\fli'li-<  tin-.- 

?.i..iiarv  cai  .  iT  an-  the  v,  ii  ik  -^.'^  :  an. I  1- ■ 
li.l.litv  t.'WariU  Jiulaisiil      .l.ml.lv  atti 
lure  l.y  his  own  i-uiitV^-'ioii  lliat  lu 
liciit  iMiiiliiiKly  /lalmis  fur  t!u>  ai:> 
tradili.'iis.  ami  that  hv  hail  hitttrtv 
tin-  proKfi's^  .ll  th.'  V'.vn^  l  lir'.-iian  ii 
Tin-  rcv..Iuti..n   u!  ;>li   !■       1  '  ■  n   \m  ■ 
in  his  iniKT  hif  an. I  wln.'i  li...!  li^ni  , 

iiis  K"-^I>»'1  'i"''''"'-'     "  •' 

rcvolatKin :  it  k..^-  l.a.  k  i..  th.-  unat  .lav 
wlirtt  111-  hail  lu  .  ii  -  i.l.U  nly  MuiUcn  <l.>«ii 
1  111  l!u-  \\  a\    ill  I  i,inia>.  ii- 

\-  -'l  it  w.i'i.li  rinl  I  x]..  i  M  iu-c  iui'l  i-.iiiie 
1.1  l  iiii  .lir.-.-.K  lr..in  il'.  --in  rn.il nral 
\Miil,l  an.l  iiilin-I\  uith..nl  hiiniati  in.-.ha- 
111.11.    !!    iii-iiir.  .1    ll  '11,   .m    the  ciK-    li  iial. 

a  1,-,  .if  il..!.  iH  inl.  iH'f.  an.l  ."Il  till' 
i.tlur  Willi  a  iMt.iinlv  ami  o  mlulcnn-  lu 
In-  i-atl  ami  In-  in.— ai;o  which  im  -nl—- 
(|iu'nt  cxp.  iuiu'i'  ha.l  the  Miial!.--t  p.iw.  r  t.> 
>li,ik.',  IK'  ineets  thf  urc-at  l.a.I.-r-  ..I  'I.' 
ihnnh.  hnt  lu-  owes  to  thftii  lUithiT  his 
Hiispol  nor  his  aiitlu'ntii-ati..n  lii»  wh.  h 
carter  ami  inlcriirctation  nf  tht  j;os|>cl  is 


,-iu  i;.M|ii.ii(  -'il.-taiitiati.'il  «.l  'n-  .laini 
to  imk-pi-ll'l.  n.  .  ,  11.'  1-  ii"t  alia;.:  !.•  Mk.- 
ihi-   itii.-ir.  in:.   ■.  .1    I  11'!-   I"  ^"  * 

tr..p.  h-  "i  I.  wi-h  i:iin--iaiii'\,  .tml  I" 
sh.iw  '.\  .l.  i  .i  .!■>  w'  ll       t'V  ai'.^iiin.  at.  In. it 


1 ni  i   ■    ■    .  ni'I 
Irwi  !l  I   vs  I' 
ulii  r.-  I  .  .I'l  l  I'.  I.  r  .  '■'- 
.-nit  t"  -  i\    "  h'  l-i'  T  "n. 

it.  I  ■  t   .  .r   111,  I  ...  1 1  .!  1 


in-ii;l;l  "f 
lull-  .'1.  ari 


II. 


lu-   h.i  l 

1 

 I 

n.  It 


n-la-.i  .1  I. 
n.-  at  Xiil'.'i-'i. 
■,!-.  r  1-  .lllll 
I'l.-  iii..n-  Ills 
I  A  w  nil  .ll  ' 
ill.,!  Ill  th.    •■■  .  Miiiu'K  tri\  lal 
i,u..|.,  ,  .1   in   til.-  .,.!.  . 11. .11         .  •'ii'n..ll 
mral-   t..'    h  w   a-i.l  •  i.  iitih  .  a  .,-1.  Mlhi  .>f 
Iran-.  .11. 1.  I"    imp.  .i '  .iiiii-  h.i.l   I'-."  t.n-"'. 
aii.l  t!u-  wh.ilc  iiituTi-  ..f  t.  iiri-traiii'...  « 

,111, 
ll  w  1-  luiu-h  t.)  s..-  with  s.i.h  l  i.  i.li  \ 

tho   iiiipluati..iis  ..I    Ihr  mw    r.lr.:-..'!',  Imt 

It  wa-  imirf  t'>  <U  i.  ml  it  "i'''  n-li'l'i"''\ 

,,tl.l    ^inylt-han.l.-.l    auain-l    an  I'llln.nf.al. 

lii»..it.-il    an.l    .1.  t. -1111111. .!    ..pp.  .-it  i.  .ii  Hit 

.Ul<-«ai.s  "fr..!!!  .lain.-."  wl..'  i.  pr. iit>  .1 

-  i-lU-im!.  i-i..n.  '  liri-'  !i  i\.  I>.  "1  •ll'  .' 
.  ,   I  rniL:    n.>  lilll.    I't.  ~  t..^  h.  af  ''I'-'H 

-ho    ^iliiali.in    wli.n    >v.n     i'l  'if.    pi  i  .r 
th.ini:!!  lu-  w.is.  wa-  ..ti.ii.l  ..i  '1"  m  l'"'i 
i.i,    |niii.l'!v    tl!f"A-     I'n'.r-    ..I'lra.^.'  in'.' 
,,11    th.     „,.„■,<   >p!.  M.ii.l   .1    h^hl      I'  "■"il'l 
!.,.  ,.t   |i.  . Miliar  in.,  r.  -t    ;.■  Ki  '"A    iii"!.-  "I 
;  the  .1.  '..ll  .ll       il  .1  ti-'i't-       '  "  -' 
.  iili.  1  ii'v;  I.i  <     ;i.  .1  nu  ;i.  th.      I""  i:i'-'>l 
jlea.l.i-.    ..1.  h    .1.  v.it.-.l    t..    iii.tr  .-..iiiiii.;!! 
I  \|.,.,,  ,,   I  „  .  ,1  ,.n  h  ..'ll.  1,   ->  nili.ih/im.:.  Ill 
:;l„ir    ..|ip.. -'1.111,    the    IW.i    Kfat    typt-s  .ll 
i  t  lui-llalliU  ;    hilt     Wi-    Ivll""     .11    I'  I'l'^ 
Iniaiii    point,   that    Lhri -' i.n  i ' '  \    s'.i  -im.I 
1  hv  raiil.     l'>-ler'>  attitml.-  a.i-       <  t'.  .  I  !.■ 
••'n-hillM   tlu-   thlliKs    whuh    h.nl  hon 
rc:,.Iv    lU'sir.ivi.l."    Taiil    -'^^  'i'"' 
i-l.  iim  .I   w-.'ii   il.a.Uy   v.irm -til.  -  ■   -h.'  iiii 
|ii .- -liiili' V    of   c.itiipriiini-.' ;    he   "  .li.l  ii.'t 
j:,  :,I  ••     t-r    a    111. .11..  n-     H<-  <-"-:hi 
■,i.ni,l    -il.iitlv    hv.    wliil.-   im-tl    -A.  r.-    !..  mc 
r<'.lm<-.l  t..  th.'  !...mlaKi-  I'oiii  \slm:ii  Christ 
had  S''t  tlitin  irtc. 


236 


OALATIANS. 


[Ch.  Ill 


JUSTIFICATION  UV  F AITII:  FKF.F.IX)M  FROM  THE  LAW 

( iii.  I -v.  I  J). 


CII.M'I  l-.K  .\ 

1      C)    FIMH.ISII     (  i.ll.lll.lll^.  wli 

witclu-ii  >"ii,  that       -liMiiM  11' 


truth,  lirfon-  uIkim-  cyos  Ji-siis  Christ  hath 
,  hicii  evidently  »rt  forth,  cruciiWd  among 

ith   Ix--  voii? 

li'V  till- 


The  lir-l  lUM  ili,ilit«rs  of  tlu-  cpinttr 
havf  hull  larnily  m  tl>i'  f"""  :>  I'*r- 
soiial  narrative.  I  lu-  wii«hi  wliu  li  at 
tacllts  to  till'  i\|iosill<itl  of  tlu- 
which  l':nil  IN  al«Mil  to  Ki\r.  ami  to  jiis 
fxposiirr  ol  the  ?r,i«n-  iiiiNii)tn-<  i.tion  of  it 
riil.Tlaiiird  li\  llif  Jii(lai/>rs.  ,onu-  from 
ill-  lii  iiiH  an  ai'ov'li'.  Tin-  aivo-tl.  -liip  lu- 
liali:rallv  luriii-  li>  )iro\m«  Niitlur  it 
iior  tlu-  k'o-inl  wliiili  It  ioiiiiiii--ioii>  luiii 

10  iiro.  lanii  i~  of  lliiiiiaii  origin.  IJ'' .  ""i'^ 
,-,i\,il  It   ■  liv  rt\rlalioii  of  J»--.\is  Christ" 

11  ij).  not  from  tlio  li'iitlt-r-i  i>(  the  Jcnt- 
sali  tii  i  limcli.  Nay,  those  Ii-ailers  later  ac- 
ktiowiolKi-il  his  e'f|ii.ility  with  them,  and 
later  still,  one  of  thetii  he  had  even  to 
resist  to  the  face. 

This  elaborate  personal  narrativt  is 
doiihly  relevaiil  to  tlu-  .l.Htrinal  .inil  prac- 
tical puriio^e  \Mlli  «lnili  r.iul  \Mitv  ■  to 
the  r.alatians.  It  slu'W-  tluni  that,  wlnt- 
ever  he  has  to  say,  lie  --.iv-  with  tlu-  full 
anlliorily  of  an  apo-tl.  ;  aiul  tiirtlu  r  l!u- 
error  which  lu-  wnt.s  to  .omliat  -o  sirdi 
nonsly,  i^  tlu-  vi-ry  error  of  th.  in. in  whom 
he  had  had  to  withM.ind  to  tlu-  t.n-i-.  I  li.it 
miscoiuTptioii  of  tlu-  ^;o-]K-l,  illii-lratcd  liy 
I'cicr's  (li  li  i  ciu-.-  to  riin.d  n-.ai;c.  hi-  cm- 
pha-i-  on  eNtirii.iV  and  niaii-ri.d  thiiii;-. 
wa--  roo'i-d  with  fc.irfnl  tenacity  in  thp 
Jewi--h  naliiri-.  a--  wc  h.i\r  -ccn  ni  tlu- 
ilefcction  "lAcii  of  H.irnaha- "  ;  and  it  had 
i.-cn  -idulon-ly  clu-ri-h.d  hy  the  cham- 
pions of  Icwish  prer<>native  throiigliout 
the  clmrclies  whidi  I'anl  hatl  founded. 
Thounk  It  is  convenient  to  reconni/e  in 
ch.  iii.  1  the  hcKinninR  of  a  new  section 
in  the  epistle,  this  is  most  vit.illy  comu  cti  d 
with  all  that  has  ({one  In  tore,  and  \rrv 
especially  with  the  ir.iniediately  prccedni^; 
verses.  They  liad  set  forth  Chri-t  cni 
citii-d,  .nnd  the  power  of  tli.it  di.ith  to 
:.!-.o!kh  the  riftia!  ct.!!!!!-  and  national  <!i- 
til!- !!on-  iijion  whiili  Titer  h.id  lu-(  n  in- 
-i-!im;  Ih.i-  -.inu-  error  li:ul  "ln«!tclu-d" 
the  (lal.ili.m  chnrch.  tlioii,i;h  that  church 
had.  in  the  preaching  of  Taiil.  had  •'Christ 
criicit'u  d  "  pi  rsisii-iiiK  set  lu-fore  it  .-V 
i-.il  appncialion  of  tlu-  meaning  of  tli;it 
FiKiire  upon  the  cross  —  of  the  complete- 


ness .nnil  the  linahly  of  the  work  there 
doiu- -  .  ouyhl  lor  iMT  to  li.i\e  e\tnii;iiislied 
.ill  111  hef  Ml  tlu-  .uliiin.icy  or  lu  ri  ssity  of 
lenal  ri>;liieousni  s>  (li.  .'i  i.  I'aul  was  as- 
tonished. 


lUi'  I'o.ssi-ssii  n  i'i  Ihc  S{<i"t  L'oniiS  .\i<t 
From  LaiK,  Hut  I  rom  I'aith 
tiii.  1-6), 

It  Is  first  to  their  umleniaMe  possession 
of  the  spirit  on  the  part  of  the  (i.d.iii.ms 
that  I'aul  ai)iH'als,  in  vmdi  .ition  of  Ins 
plea  for  faith  as  opimsed  to  works.  Surely 
tlie  Cialatians  will  not  maintain  that  the 
spirit,  witli  its  m.irvelous  manifestations,  is 
the  jirodnct  of  /,iu*.  Faith  alone  creates 
and  expl.mis  tlu-m 

I.  It  I-  M  ry  St  lilom  that  I'.inl  addre-st-s 
liis  re.idtrs  hy  nanie.  and  iMily  in  nioimnts 
of  Kri  -il  emotion  ( Cor.  \i.  II,  I'liil.  iv. 
Is),  lli-ri.  a-  111-  thinks  of  tlu-  e.i-e  wilh 
which  tlu-  (  1, il.it). iiis  h.iM-  f.illeti  a  prr\ 
to  the  .ippi'.ils  ,,)■  ilu-  lud.ii/i-rs.  lu-  hn-.iUs 
oni  into  a  ci\  of  ri-i;ritlnl  anil  indignant 
asiom-hiiu  tit,  O  foolish  Galatians  —  find- 
isli  ( cf.  vi-r.  .il,  hn  aiise  as  we  see  from 
ver.  J,  tluy  h.ul  reucled  the  very  obvious 
lessons  of  ex|icrieiice.  Paul  can  explain 
the  change  by  nothing  less  than  sorcery. 
Who  was  it  that  bewitched  you?  The 
words  Tfl  i.\ii«ti^  li^  wtl0*e9iu,  "that  ye 
should  not  ol)cy  the  truth,"  A.  V.  should 
he  omitted,  with  the  best  MSS.  and 
.\.  R.  \'.  It  appears  to  come  from  v.  7- 
It  is  dirticult  to  say  wliellief  this  word 
(&aoKalvw\  is  inteiuUd  to  snjjiri-st  the 
witchery  of  the  i-\il  i  vc.  or  of  e\ il  sfrch 
{^a(ui).  It  was  cert  -idy  ;icconiplished  hy 
speech,  lint  pi  rlup-  .c  follow  m-^-  clause 
sni;v;csts  the  inlliuiue  of  the  eye.  |-l\rs 
hi  lore  which  tile  cro-s  of  Clirist  had  hi-Ptl 
held  could  only  h.i\e  t.>r.i;o!ten  that  siKht 
1i\  CoiniiiL;  iider  the  iiitliu-iice  of  s.inic 
hali-ful  f.iscin.iiion  .Xiiioni;  the  ( ial.-iti.itis, 
:is  Mtiionj:  the  Corinthians  (i  Cor  i.  -M- 
ii  J(  Paul's  prcichinn  h.id  n-'ilhered  round 
"  Christ  crncitied,"  .and  he  is  astonished 
I  that  men  who  had  heard  such  a  gospel  and 


Ch.  HI] 


OALATIANS. 


237 


a  Thi*  only  woul.l  I  I.-.irn  >f\o»,  K.  tl,.-  Sp.rn.  ar.  x.-  n-u  w.uU-  l..r(cct  by  tlu- 
J  Are  ye  so  (oolwh?  Iwvins  Ihkuh  m  v.,...  -  it  -/      ^.t  .„  s^n^  


soin  such  a  siRht  — that  wu  vvitlj  a 

vcrtain  emphasis )   should  have  Ucii 
witcncd.  YOU  btfor*  whoM  eye.  had 
bttn  «»tiily  portrayed  J«mm  Christ  cru- 
cUkd.    The  cmpliaMs  falls  ni>..ii  ilu    ,  i. 
ciSi'd.  and  Uio  p.  rf.  p.iriio.  mi;;«.  -i-  M'- 
ahidind  fact  of  tlic  cn.-s.  ,i,  p,  riiM;i.  iii 
lilacf  Ml   tlu-   pro.  l:imatn>ii  nt   tlu-  ' 
111,-   ilhim-   .-I    r.iul^   pr.-.uluiiu'   u  >-  11-;' 
onlv  Jc-.li-  t-liriM.  lint  .I.-m-  (  Iiri-t  ,  <u.i- 
<{,•,/•  tliis  wli.'U-  .  pistU-  illiiMr.-it.  -  tin-  Inn- 
«laiiHMltal    aiul    «-S'  ii    n  s  "lu'i.  .i,,|ry  mi;ii.P- 
vancc  «i  tlu-  rr.-.         I'.ml     IM'-n-  l 
vv.--  of  tlu-  (.;il.itian-  .1'  mi-  tlm-t  on  tlu- 
,.r..-,      jrpoopn'")     V  irion-*      i  xpl.iii.ituui- 
li.i\<-  Ik.  11  Ki\.ii  of  tlu-  wi>r.l:  uri/.'.-ii  of 
l;-f.-i,  luviJ  wlu  ilur  in  thoOld  I  c-tam.nt. or 
ni  -oiiu-  pn-vioii-  U  tter  of  I'aut:  f '.i.  .i'./.-,/ 
as  a  ptiMic  notice,  etc.    I'.iu  i..kiiiu  -/»«■•"' 
as       tiiiiit.  iTfioyf^.'"'  may  nu-.m       /  i  n' 
Vh/'/i./v.  ami  tlie  relVrcnce  w.nilil  be  to 
Ilu-    Kr.-at    r'  tiirc   of    tbc    c  i-  il'ed    <  >'u- 
which  i'aiil  lu-Kl  before  ibe        .s  yi  in- 
hcarers.    How    cmil.l    iIua    Iu^';  'Ir""" 
awav  fr.'in  tlie  itnpr.--ioii   w'n.li   n  \<.,>\ 
made  upon  tlu-m?   i'"  vv'.  'n  in  m 

coinl  MSS.  oniit  alt.T  irp"'". .■■1.  ■■■i^l!t.  H 
rctanu-.l.  to  ko  «itli  ^'''l'-  ' 

tbo  followiiiK  participl-  «.•'  ■•crncil...!  "i 
«.r    aiiionvr    vmi,"    A.    V.,   but    "  depictc.l 

""2  "  Vhis  is' all  that  I  should  like  you 
to  tell  me;  was  it  from  the  works  of  the 
law  that  you  received  the  spirit  or  from 
hearing  in  faith?  Hu  -pirn  wa-  an  tni- 
.U-iual.l.-  -ion:  it  svas  the  power  that 
i;,n,  riu-.|  tlu  tu  w  life  into  wbi.-h  tliiir 
coiu.r-ion  had  u-lured  tb.m;  but  as  ni 
I  Cor  xii.  xiv.,  it  was  oftin  acomipanii-il 
bv  striking  cxii-rnal  inaiiil.--talioii-  <v- 
static  -p.-.ch.  Hilts  ..t  'i.-;ilmK'  -tc  i;  '  1 
Cor.  xii.  2S>.  aiul  v.  r  5  ,^..^^..5  1-' 
that  it  is  at  lea-t  panK  oi  t!i.,i  tli,.t  I  -,- 
tbinkillK  lu-ri-.  Wlu  r.  li:ul  tin-  -p.ril  . 
from  Cbarlv  n  -t  tioni  work-  oi  ilu 

tji-wislil  law.  f.ir  a-  (..iiulf-  tlu->  ha.l  no 
siK-h  law.  Tlii-ir  s;ilvalioii.  at  any  rai.-, 
hail  not  come  from  ob-i-rvintr  cir.  nnici-i 'ii. 

riinal  us"^'--  VMtli  rfi;;ird  to  f  1.  etc..  but 

oiii'v    from  ,'/(.■  lu-.inii^  ,  -  not,  or 

oonr-f.  iroiii  /■  tlu-  >-\poMt.on  -t 

//i,-  l  lirl-tian  imlli.  but  from  lisi.nniK  in 
f.ii'!i  trom  that  lu-ariiiK  wliioli  i-  .'.comi- 
p.niu  '  In  linili.  It  was  not  by  doiiiK.  I  iit 
1,\  1  -.luiu:.  not  bv  what  they  haii  ac- 
coinplislied.  but  bv  what  they  had  heard 


in  faith,  il  It  tlu  >  li  .1  1. .  .  u"l  Ilu-  spirit 
3,  4.    Are  you  so  foolish?     'l  -'r  i"'b 
,  ,iii-i-liiik;  ni  tntnniu  i1-  t  !•  1  k    npon  tlu- 
l.s.,,,,.    ,,i    .-vp.ii.r..     Having  begun 
with  the  spirit,  are  you  now.  iii  t  \  nr 
,\p,!uiu.-  -I  tlu-  -pint  -  i».w.r.  makinR 
your  completion  with  the  fleah?    I  he 
liru  f  111.  i-ui-  wor.i-  ..I  I'aiil  point  the  c<mi 
tr,i-t    \\;ili    i:r.  It    M«or  anil   irony  Ihi- 
.|n.  -tu  n  p.rli.ip-  tliri>ws  s.mic  htsht  on  the 
.irmiin.  iils    ot    the    Jiidai/«  r»      1 1-<'>  'b'l 
not    .ipp.ir<-ntl\    d.-nv    tliat    -.lUilion  w.i-- 
IHjssiblv  in  l  lni-t  p.  tlu-  ("..-ntil.--  wb-.  lu-1. 
al<»)f  from  Jn<l..i-ni.  but  ilu  ^  in.iint.inu-.l 
that  the  jews  tluin-i-Ut-.  aiui  tli.>-<-  who 
i-nibracnl  Jiidai-m  .ihom.I.  .1-  n  »'k.  a 
biKhcr   form   oi    -.iK,ilt..n      Ilu-   on,  tt.i- 
mdi-c.l  a  /'.-..iMi      ,         tlu-  ..i;..  1  ilu- 
.  f    II    .it..l  r   •.■■■M  I"-  .ii'ov.  .1  onK 

|.y  tlu-  I-  lu   .  /.  .  /' .  I'-'  iIliiii  I  m  i  71 

.■rrir.\<,a«»   I;.,-   iif!.-   l--i  '     n   tlu-  ..  iit.M 
inul^lli-  ill. Ill  .1-  p.i--u.  .  -'u-  j.io.-.-v-  ..I 
.1.11, Ml    1-    ni,-..!.    l.\    ..11.!    iip-'U  Ih.-iii 
K,  ,      I  h.       nip:,  ii'.n  111  til,'  t!,-^!i  t.  l.-r- 
-r.^K    li   --.ii;!!   lu-l  <\cln-i\.K   !<>  cir 
.nnui-u.n.     I  r.Mii  -pint  t,,  1I1--I1.  I'foi"  ble 
i.iii.l  p..u.r  to  ritn.il      that  w.-rr  md.-ol  a 
-ti  .inu.-  pr..i;r.---!    "  \n  <  s  myi-lical  lieKin- 

,,,111;       I  t'.n  l,.il.,\v.>l  b\  a  ritualistic 

Liulnii;"     I  1  in. II. IV.     ( „i.',;/i.i".(.     \<  17-1 
'Have  you  enjoyed  all  these  t  hn-iiin 
experiencca  n..-.  oi  tlu-  -pr/i  in  ^  vain? 
It    is   ibtftcutt    to    .I..I.1.  thv"- 
nua-is  .,»//,->.,/  I  \    V      \    i'    \  1  or  .1 
/•.•M.-ii, .-,/.'    C.  n.iniK    r  .     |..Mii.  t    1  the 
m.-anin«  il-.-«li.  I,   m  ili.    S' w    I  . -!..!i!.  nt  . 
ami  ili.-rt-  i-  dir..  i  .  v  -i-  n,-,-       '  ih< 
v.-rt-  .11  li-oiiiiim.  l.>--r.i.t.-    U'l  ,\p--->-l 
;,.  -iitT.-riii..;  <  Mv    J.  .-. 

,t    tlu--.-   ..-ii;!!!    no-    p.    I"-   .■..I1--.1.  1. '1  a- 
,».., Lilian-    (  lntr."l-i.-fon>.    »li.-r-     -  in 

j  l...  h-i!.-  ,1..m1.i  1!  it  tlu-  ,  ..lu. n  -  111  I  i..',.itia 
pi..p,  r  u..nl,l  h.iv.    I'l-.  n  .-.pMlU   -nl.i.-ct  to 
p.  r-.-.  ntu.ii,    •■  N..  on,-  .-..nhl  ,,.mc  o„|  ,.f 
!:.  .iMu  n  -.ou-tv  aiul  . -poii-i-  the  caii-e  of 
l,Mi-.  \- r.liont  makiiii;  him-clf  a  mark  for 
ruluiiK-  ami  vi,  •l.-no- "  (.-f    Avi-  m\    -v  • 
Ml  tin-  siilTt-rinn  will  have  l«-<'ii  tor  t»>th- 
m-    if  ihi-v  Ko  back  to  lb.-  iMHidaKi-  .  nt 
\,r«huh  tii.v  were  .M-vvrvd;  an^l  Paul's 
i.iM.-tu.n   i-  all  the  niiro  (wMnt.-d.   if  ibe 
-tilfi-riiiK  -lioiild  havi-  come  u|>on  tluni.  as 
it  ilul  upon  Ilu-  .-onvtTt-  at  l.-.minm.  p.irtly 
at  l...-t  fr..m  J>w-   (Act-  xiv    ; »  ilicy 
are  ntnrnitiK  to  the  very  tlniiK  tluy  had 
suffered  for  abandoninK    But  thi<  thought. 


238 


(lAl.A  HANS. 


l(  H.  Ill 


i 


,  .|:,,.         lha.   Minn  Uu:U  u.  r  vv  ,    „  ■  .M"  u<n<  fr  r.,:' 

.       //.     .'  I  s  I  .    -v-fK-  ..I  tl'.'  l.iu.   :.n-  .'I  Lull.,  ll't  hV:  llic  chiMnn  t>f 

'   '  :   1.,  .IP  .'  ■.!  i.iii'  !'  Al'r:i!iam, 


wlliic  «tv.>r.Hrf(i;>  :ii.fn.|i  i.ii.  iii        'i.  '1'"- 

mil  si'i  111  -••  1'  t>  N.ii  '  '"  >  ■'■  ■'- 

,!„•   ,,!!i.  I.    ui    ti    !•  1-  !  '  ■■ 

vi.iritu.il  I..  IK  U<  -  >  ill '  i  'I  1  >  iii>-  (i.il.ili  .1 ' 

v»  /m.'             >'   '  I'  """" 

il.  I  ml  .1/.  '      •     III  \  "ii  ■'  -^fi'  ~" 

uiiiiii,  llii  ,  1,1.  viupiil  ■  N  vl  I'.iiil  i.inii"t 
1,11,,-.;  1.1111- Il  M              tli.il  liiN  a>ii\<rls 

-.1    ..Ut     i  .    lll.l)    all    tll<i-l-    I  N|'«  rifllCi  > 

u  ;|   t<a\\\    .mkI   iiliiiiiaiilv    Ik'  111'"!' 
1  ,  HI     IL  i-iii^  l'<it>  r  iliitiK-  "f  lln'in.  Ill- 1 
.,<Uh.  if  indeed  it  be  really  in  vain. 

e.    1  111-  v»i-..    ri-iiim?»  .111''     'ii|.lj.i-i."-- ' 
111.-  .|rtt  -tiv.M  .1  \>  r,       He  then  who  is  i 
liberally  supplying  )  vii  with  the  spirit, 
, ,-,    (,.„!    Ml.. I    I'aiili    and    pr..\iiii;  tli. 

.''!.■  iin-i  lu'i'  liv  111. unit  •^'l> 
working  mishiy  deeds  among  you,— 
(does  He  do  thisi  i  -I'l  ^  >'"' 
vliint  aii.l  \\"il>  '■  -  ^1''  conse- 
quence of  CM  >  I  works  of  the  law. 
or  of  yiir  hearing  in  faith?  1  lu  yr  ir  i 
iii.ir  li  .'iM  -  U  "l'<  II  "  -  '"  I'  -i';  '  '■  "  " 
V\lli>  .-ii/.v  -11|>1'I.\  ll.i.;  ii'l 
I  U-  <!•'  ilii-  ■  i"-  -  'i:'  'I '■'  • 
ill  Ml  J.  1..  till-  )i.i-t.  I'm  u 
-ilili-  I.I  ( .  .11  -i.li  r  til 


-  i;u-  li.,   ilM.il  iN.  i.i-.-  ..I  -U'li  .1  t.iilll. 

.111.1   -  i.uis-i -1  -   .1   \M'l.  r  il'.m   till-  iiu-rrl> 

,  ,  \tn.i'  .i;  I'l  ■  ili"ii  —  Kt  lKT  il  lni»l  ill 
■h.-  wir.li   -in  lU-  or  I         tr"tii  the 

llll^rin  idi-II  \  I.  -^Mi  1.  i  >>"•  llli"". 
hi.u.M  i  .  il  l>  I  r.  min.  .|  ir.nii  liting 
llu-   ,    :li   |.ir  w'l..-.    ■  I  . nil   i-  here 

.irmiiii-  dial  laill.  in  t  iiri-t  i-riicili.-<l 
which  i!  ■  li-hi--  til'  rinlit«.-i~i''— •  h 
i>  of  llu  law.    I'    lii~  n-<iial  iim  -iu  r.  I'.ml 

I  .-ippliv^  It,  «.  nil  aIi.iI  .1- 
wi'.ii.iiit   rii.;-n.l  li> 

t      I  h:  -  \ .  !  -I-  I'  't  in-  the 
I  l'  I-  ).ri  i-i 'liti;-  -11 
.  .■.  /  •      .   '  i,-'i-' 

■/.   .  1.     'I!. I    till-    ill-,  'ily 

II  lli.il    -::!.-l-t-  lu-I.M.n 


i-lti"^  till-  lr\l.  a 
■•ii.iit'i' 


I  i'  ' 

Inil, 
•'ii-  i". 


•\i?  >l-- 

tlu-  ..-ij 

1-1  '111  11  I  I  ! 
Il.ill  .111' 

I.  .  \.V  I" 
,  -t.lMl-- 

II.  .  -11      ill,  ..    .,r.-   llu-   til'  -li'lit-   thai  cvlio 

tlirolt^lll'llt    till-    li>ll"\Mll«  -l-Ctl'MI. 


1.-1,1 


111-^  —  (i;/,/ 
111  ini;.  1- 
i-  I'lui.illy 
-I'liU  ,111(1  its  luati- 
rtlt.    lllllll.cll,  (Hvitii; 


|,i  ill,-  liiil.ii-  mil  ;.  iH-i,  111  <liiuiiii-lii  >i 
■  |.  cn-f.  \'"r  fiifafttt  ipoiicrs.  mighty 
w.  rU-l  i-f.  1  for.  xii.  -'S. 

6.  Vi'ttr  -(iiritual  Ki!'-^.  t''i'  .iP'  ' 
say-,  i-i'iiii-  fnui!  /.Ji'/i.  ami  it  wa-  /.ii.-i 
llial  iiia<U-  .Mir.iliaiii  llu-  in.ni  that  lu-  w.. 

riichl- '111-.  iii-!iluil.    It  i-  till-  faith  tli.i- 
lirmv:-    \<>\i   iiitu   line  <>t   -iiri-.---.iin  wii 
liitii     1  111  ri-.  a-    -I'  "I'ti-ii   ill    N     r.  1^ 
jiiiitlt   i-   ti"t   -11  -'.n'Min;   in    l-',i'.'!; -il.   ^  ni: 
it<  faith  -111. I  r.  .i-  in  ''i  "l>    '-nii  n- 

l„,il.l     .,11,1     \.  ll.    r..-.-n  .'.-.     Tr..:r,5,     -  .Tr,iu,.l. 

As  Abraham  believed  ,  ii  '  in  • 
God,  and  it  was  counted  to  bim  iur  (  ti  't 

••  ii,.,l,  ,,!  ,1,  I.m:  a-  liiv  ;iia.-n.-,il  iiinivaU-nt 
f-ii  1  righteousness.  S.-ni'tiin-.  ii,>  l.-- 
tli,ni  rvp.  iii  n.-i-  (  w.  1  -)  -li.nilil  lia\r 
I,  ii:^lii  llu-  I  i.il.ili.m-  lii'  ■  -IK  "i  ri-'  n.- 
I.  .,..,!  riu;!!!.-.  in-n,  - .  11.  -  .iiu  icnt  text 
(C-  ii  v\  (I  I  -inl.  .l  r.nil'-  pni-]i,.se  re- 
nin ;.,|i  !■.  u,ll.  .mil  lie  lull-  ii-i-  it  very 
eHii-'iwly  (i-f.  Ui'iii  iv.  ,0.  ri  iiling,  of 
1,1111-1.  innrli  nu-re  itil"  it  than  It  ori^- 
iiiallv  ri.iitaiiied  In  the  nninediate  ciMitrxt 
of  (leiicsis.  .Mimhani'-i  faith  i>  <iinip1y  m 
the  <livine  promise  of  a  niiinerotis  p.  - 
terily ;  the  Hebrew  tcn^e.  however,  ini- 


.  ,;/         <i  ('V  I  .lith.   \  '  V  /'.-I-  /  ■>:<■■  l-or 

tlh-   I  <'W    />' iil..,-v  ''il-   t  H'.ii- 
( in.  7-14  ' 

7.    Tanl's  Jiiilai.'iiit;  jMineitt-  ti.i  doubt 

otteli   i|tti>teil   .TtnonK   i'  (ialaliiiK.  with 

>;ri  at  force  anil  iinctii  ;  ■'»-  ;■'     "'-e  'I'-i' 

111  .th),th,iin  ami  in  In-  1  a'l  iia'i.'ii- 

,,|    the    .-.iiiIi    W'tild  !'1>  !  hi  V 

w.iiiM   iiiti  i-pi.  t    that    •  -m  an    -liit  mil 

in    virtue   o'    tlu-ir  '  n    >  ih  tl; 

■  -.vv  cotihl  the  <ii  "•  ■' 

jir. .ini-i-s.  an.l  ■  "nn' 

,.lli_..     Ill     i-nitiplfti-K  ■         i  ■ 

ill.-    11- i-.^.--   <li-H'  "''  i' 

!  I,      Cl  T I  'l!ll."l-l.  ."•»!'"  W  .1- 

N    pin-  iMi-.   1.  ,  li.i     ■'  '  - 

!      ,li~I  .  ,1     It     1)>      .ilUl  'II 

I  t :  il  ' '  -    tllilli;  ill-  in  ol 

1  r.  i!    Il,  .    cir.-nii!i  .  -I'  'I        ■  ,  ' 

i  It  w a-  f.iith  lh.it  m.i-       •«"  ''■ 

-  ai-ci-pi .  ■     mil  I  ,■-  /i/i .'!(        t:  . 

,  iinl  you  perceive,  thr 

i  1  ;i;u-->   wnli    a  loiii- 

:  11  iiiiv      1  till 'iii;h  the  w  mI 

I  1-  itii|>.  r.itive  —  know  yc  '  —  I     t  -i 

i  of  faith.  Ill- II  whose  spirit!!. , 

Ifri.'tl  <«t     iih,  these,  and  ii-  .ho 

I  are  sons  of  Abraham.   .\t  a -1  ^;ie  ike, 

1'anl  iK-.ii  -  t'u'  Jewish  prero;  'iye  a-iin- 
;.T.     He  ,i..ilt-   the  appe.il  c     'i>,S  oppo- 

!i.  ii!-  to  .\liral.atn.  !  'u-n  '  iiiiphantly 
j-'.i..,,-  fmni  the  Si;  -  tlu.\  .icknov.l- 

ledgc.  that  this  ;'.ppe..     ;    iruys  ihcir  case. 


1  H.  Ill] 

H    Ami  tlv 

(illll  WUlt'' 

full  '-r. 

W  1>I.  ! 
,j  ..1 

111 

•   law  '" 


\  i 


S  - . 

■Ill  !lu- 

,    1  llu-c 


'I  tl 

1,1  :  'l 


..i  tl 
(ill! 


..!!.■  l! 

t'p  '11 

.1 


i  111-    J!!-l     -li.l   ■  ll^"'    I'V     •  "'i' 

|.>       \ll>t     till  I.IW     •»  'I 

I  tic    lll.ill   lll.i!  .!"t  tll 

till  111 


\ 


-tun. I 


Ji- 
ll- 

>■  'i  ' 

!•    l\  llU.  .1 

V  nil  I.n  t  .ll 

-    '  .  litilif. 

Ir.ii. 
.         » ^  Hi 
III  .  litii: 


.1  iiulii 


,  V,  .  :    for    •  cut 

Scripture       '  ■ 
iiv   otic    who    tloCn  IK't 
,  j.i^ --  things  that  .ire  written 
h,  out  i  law.  to  tlo  them.    1  /  . 

ill. It    llf  I  111    ^!  l.tll.lU!!".  ImU 

/    111-  j  II' >\  '    I  "I'p'l' 

vli..  he-   li.i>    f.  rtiflK  Inltill. 

Miis  tln-ri  |'>ri-  all  an- 
Mi.il  ut        ,ill  that  till 


mill' 
i'.ir 


iiiitiii.  th 
'  III  the 

i,i  I'-. 
.1.  i,i.= 


lyn  the 
,  every 
m  ALL 
ok  of  the 

'  ail  .itr 
riktill.il 
i.i  I II 10 

l.iw. 

I  h.it 

.■.ll.liT 


'^111 
1. 


the 


II  .irt  "I  '  i  I'ltr-i". 

I      II.  13. 

.cripture '  !»•  r>  r-|'': 


rcseeinii  that  it  is  in  cohsc-       '  iti.-n;    Now  that 

•  Hat       !  lustities  the  nations,  proclaimed  ,  by  .  t    'i     y-*^""  _   ,    .  , 

'^;..pel^      van.    . . ,.  ,M,.v.  J.h^  .«ht  of  God. 


mar  is 


to  Abraham: 
blessed  in  th 

\,  ami  win. 

lllillU    t.lkiH  1 


u 
Al' 


■1  IIP    ■     111     »  liri-I  I  I  lOl  II    .  „  .  ,  ■  1 

nations  shall  b«  I  righteous  shall  live  by  FAITH   •  1 '  .! 

,1,,,.!  ..I  ti.-i   Ml.  i"   I'  ;  ■•^       •' '  ""■ 

ui.r.l  liit^i  •".>  (•'""!' 
■   i;ittir  p..--.i«>    ti.r  ^".1"'  !- 


liu'",iki'"-f  tiu-"ai:.  ii.i.-..t.  wiiuii  1^  ^'i"";' ';, ' 

:|-|^     ,  .  '  _     1,  ....  ■  1,    1..,!    i.t  r.ii        miiiU  ti""i 


11  I 


fuiirM-.  Ill  I  .>  ii  '  i  "ii"  i-'  ■!   1-   : 

tlir.v  in.m  laltli  ii'  •■  't'n'!  iJiri>l 


iipi.n  tlu 


!i  i,  \i  r\  pr..|i.i!  l.-  1!  1'  ' 


},\  l.lll'l.  Ii.  wlio-f 
1     111  1  ll.it  III 

'ii,      ,!1l|ill.l-l  tlilllU 

s,.Mr.r   "t    111-  lilt' 
1   !i      1  ■  ^  '1  v.  11  111. ■,<.<■ 
iMi-.i'i;iii;> 


hi.  Ill  lip  111. 

\]\v  i--iii' 


tli.-.v   tri'iil  laiiii  1!'   Ml'    •  '   '  "  -  •      I         II     11  ,• 

i„Mifi.Mn..ii.  tlK'  ..I  -!u    -pint  iv.  r.  .:  1.  |  .iv.-    I.  .  n.lr..  1 

;.|>;„.,1  It   i>   ill  •■'  '■■ 

i-ir.  iiiii.  iM  il  til. 111.  liii'   ..-1      ■       '  ■  . 

o„.T  111.-  patMii  am!  !)..•  Lr  -r  "I  tli.-  tailli-  lr..it 

lul.  ti,.-  tlu'  r.a.|..i-  ai.  l"  '•  M.--''!      Hr,-  win.- 

pMin.-i-     of     M.-Mil;;     ...a  riittl^     t!ir..iii;h  li' ' 

/,,„/,. .11  t.i  s-  'i^.  a  K"-pvi. i 

titiu-:  anil  llu-  Soriptiir.'  pr.H-laiiii-  it.  In--  | 
t..i'v,-   it    li.risiu    <M.ir-   pl.m  "I  ''i-i^ft>:' 
tii.Ti  l.v  f.iiili.   Consequently  it  is  the  men 
of  FAITH,  ami  not  of  u.a    .  who  arc  1 
blessed  with  the  FAITHFUL  Abraham  ; 
--tiiiv  siuTf   <•"■■»■»   1'     '1"  "••'1-^-  .■' 

tli.-i'  tiuii  of  faith  tiia\   l.c  1  I'l  ■ii'v    I  ,' 

ti.it II 'II.  .    ,      ,      !  ' 

10.  It  111.  n  an-  iii-iit'u  .l  l'>  lailli,  tliniiv, -,r 
,i„.  i,,v    .-    -      1:;,;..;:-    H;;t  y  ■ 

;h.-hia.'K  (K.i'll;..  l"r  <'"'■  k'-l'Ti"' 
it  piTIn-t'  ,  vrt  upon  t!lo-r  w!;"  'I"  li'  '  '  ■  '  ' 
kn  p  it  11    .  -.TV  1   ;i'i''.  It  pr.  ii."lia.  - 

.,  ,i;r-,     For  all  who  are  depending,  it  '  "fl 
tiK-ir  r.1.-.ti..,i-'.ip  to  •.".!.  upon  .Ionic  the  "  "  " 


111  .itii.r 

,Ii--IM^  ..I 

I   I  i„.!m.'.  .'1 - 


.1  in  in. 
-p-  iiiK  iiu 


f.llttl 

,,|,1..,-.  .|     |..     I:  . 

I-  til'-  1 

.  -1    .111    .i"i  II  i  ■ 

.!.  I  'l- 

anlv 

1..  .!.,• 

ll.r.'.  .1- 

V,.           I'.'i  ■-■ 

-I  -  tin- 

t  .   •■  t      !  -      1  ■ 

■1  •.•.inl 

■        -III  :1  . 

-    .■       II   '  .11  , 

1'"  'Ut 

(■    1  • 

1   .ll   1      1 1  '    )'■  i 

.■  .iii.l 

,    -.  •:        <:  1  , 

'.  .Ill 

'    1  ,1!  !.M-  liv  ' 

■  I'h- 

1         ■•    t-i,..^  n. 

.....!i 

■     •        .|.  tti.r. 

.1 

...  ,l„. 

1  !.  '"I  '  W 

■  ■!  V".. 

-    I'.  .l< 

•.     ^^,.,,1  ■■  !.,li, 

^.  ;lu- 

■1.  h    ■  .  t 

hi  -ijti 

«tu.|,  . 

f.i'th  I 


t  1 


,ir.  ■nil.  II'   111'  ■  '•  ■'■ 
tit-.i.liiil    «■  "t' 
,,,  „..rr.-  "t  l.c.i'i  e'l' 

,     iitrl-  ■:L:!it 

if.  ;  faith,  however,  «  not 


Ahe  pnncple         Ma;n„;:- po..:-  ...  of 


'240 


GALATIANS. 


[Ch.  ill 


n  Christ  hath  redeemed  us  from  the 
curse  of  the  law.  Iieing  made  a  curse  tor 
us:  for  it  is  written.  Cursed  w  every  one 
thjit  h.-iiiRctli  <m  a  tree: 

14  That  till'  l.U-ssttiK  of  .\t.r:il.atii  mx^M 
come    on    tlic    (.ciililcs    tiiruiiKli  J'"- 


Clirist :  that  \vc  might  receive  the  promise 
of  till-  Siiirit  through  faith. 

1^  llnilinn,  1  speak  after  the  manner 
of  nRii;  llunigli  •/  /'<•  hut  a  mans  cov- 
inaiu.  vtt  a  it  /'»•  ctmtirmed,  no  man  dis- 
aiitiiilUili.  or  addeth  thereto. 


the  law;  but,  on  thi  o-ntrary.  it  is  he 
who  has  DONE  the  thmgs  priscnl-.l. 
that  ahall  live  in  or  by  tliem  -  anot  u  r 
,|uotation  (Lev.  xvni.  5)-  "l^'  ''^^ 

demands,  as  a  condition  of  hie.  is  not 
faith,  hut  action:  and  tins. 
seen,  ean  nes.r  l.e  i.erteelly  In  tilled. 
ilu  re  IS  no  hope  lliat  w:  y.  K..uliteonMK-s 
in  the  sidit  of  (...(1  ean  come  only  l>y 
way  of  failii;  an.!  tin  law  can  do  nothHiK 
but'  involve  us  in  the  enrse 

13,   But  CHRIST  bought  us  out.  as 
a  imn  r.-insoins  a  slave,  from  the  curse 
of  the  law.  yA^uVri  ilu-  i)nee,  wliidi  was 
.lealli.  to  the  l,,w  il~elt  — the  eoiilrast  lie- 
Iwi.n  the  .ha.llv  pouer  of  the  law  .md 
,1„-    re.hinnlue  V"""-   <'>'   S'.'""'-'  'T', 
.,l,,kinu.     1  his  ••Iniyiiii;  ont     was  etTec te, 
by  Ills  becoming  not  s„ni.ly     .  I'" 
n'.re  vividlv  a  curse  (as  if  He  einhodu.l 
n     ef.  the  very  similar  use  ot  sni  in 
r,.r    \     _M  1    for  us.    Tlionyh    the  wnls 
me.in    lilerallv    "on    onr    Inhalt  laih.r 
lli;in   -in  our  stea.l."   n    ,s   ,,l:,n.    ih.ii  a 
vicarious  idea  is  iiu-l  ..1;  lle^  i.-k  ni'oi, 
iliniself  the  curse   uhuh   o:i,L;;it   t"  lM\e 
f.illeii  niH.n  us  for  -mv  i.nhire  t.>  kr>),  ilie 
The   |.l-..of  thuil   <  h;-l   -n  I.;;  er.-s 
u,,s    :Hvnrse,l    is     au::.in    .•hara.ien-f.a  ly 
s,„mhl   n,  S.t'.l'inr.':  aii.l  e!'..,  ra>- .  i  .s.  u;.il  > . 
t,,o'  I  >  t     V  V         I  M    th.    ,ilM'I"aI!.m  -1  the 
,,,,..1,  ,1  |.  \l       \e!\   .l!ll.  r>  Ml   l:-ni  il~  "rii;- 
,,,  ,1      i,  ,  I  For     Scripture  says. 

"  Cursed  is  every  one  who  hangs  upon 
a  tree"    I'-i^'  mh  i!;i"n,ilK   retrains  from 
„,,,!, iii'v;  t..  I'hriM   Ih.    w-r.!-  of  the  oriK- 
-ein-..!  In       >'t-  f-'' 

„    I,  rih..l   that   Ihe  Kely  ot  a  tlKlle- 

laeior  who.  alter  execiit loii,  was  hiin.U.  as 
,,,,  .„l.lrion.il  .hs.m.iee.  iil"'ii  a  trie,  f  n-t 
!„  taken  down  before  iiiKlit-lall  lor  the 
r,    -  .11     .-siKiieil.     Here    it  .llipheil  t.> 

(  ■  ,  i.t  w  ho  'lu  cl  l.y  haiiMini:  on  a  ("  > 

I         reasons   ate  as-i'jiied   to;  ll:.' 


;  I. 


r.deniplixe  ,h,,lh  of  fhnsi;  /r.^.^v.  that 
„.,t  oiilv  iip-n  !l;e  Jrus,  l,;:t  upon  the 
Gentiles  might  come  the  blessing  ct 
Abraham  (v.i  '  ih^neli  tlie  r.  .1.  mi. 
.,, ,  ,.h,i.h-h. in  Jesus  Chri'^t; 
■luiiy.  that  we  Cb-i-IMii-.  .1.  u-  a.pl 
CiuiK  s  ahk,  .  might  receive  the  promise 
of  (i  .-.  eon^isimc  in  I  the  spirit  through 
faith.  I'ailli  -  response  to  the  erc.-s  is 
folU'wed  hy  the  gift  of  the  spirit  (cf.  ver. 


u-  hlessiii^;  e.  lines  llirouKh  /i"''' 
alone,  and  it  is  for  n/i/e.v  as  well  as 
I.  us  1  hes,-  two  points  Sinn  up  the  argu- 
nieiit  of  Ihe  paragraph,  which  is  ctfeclively 
elosed  ljy  the  wiird  Imtii. 

I  he  Relation  of  the  Law  to  the  Promise 
tiii.  i5--'9). 

(;i")  The  Law  Xeither  Annuls  \'«r  Suftl'- 
ments  Ihe  l'r,'mi.<>-  (lu.  is-iSi. 

Till-  presioiis  discussion  had  shown  that 
the  "hlessini;  of  .M.raliam  "  was  to  he 
conferred  upon  his  true  s,.,is,  hut  ih.sr 
were  men  of  faith,  not  many  whi>se  n.^lit 
.■ousness  wa-  of  the  law.  Ihe  Miiesiioii 
iiiiuht  then  uill  he  .i-keil  hy  .i  Jew —  it 
is  '.i-ke.!  in  \er.  lo  •  -■•  W  ly.iU  then,  is  the 
funel  'M  of  the  la«  "-  "  .\t  any  t  ale,  an- 
swer- l',.:il.  its  fiuulion  i-  ti.'l  lo  annul  or 
.iipplmu  lit  i!  e  pioiiiis,  ;  that  -l.mds. 

le.  The  ii,ten-ilv  of  the  lerlr.ii,'  with 
which  I'aiil  hill  het;iiii  his  arv:uiiient  with 
,1,,.  "I. '"I-h"  ( i.ilaii.iiis.  has  now  s,,mc- 
uliat  .1  iiiinishe.l.    He  addresses  tlu'in  af- 

I,  eti..nat.  K  .is  brethren,  .md  i.r.k-ee.ls  to 
illusir.ite  the  relation  of  the  law  '''c 
proiiiis.  hy  a  human  (iini/  '^.v.  I  speak  ot 
the  J/;7>l.-'  promise,  an.i  ot  its  iiuhTihihty 
hv  anv  sulisiipieiit  inculent  or  iiisiitnuoii 
siK-h  as  the  law.  after  a  human  fashion. 
Note  the  echo  of  the  wor.l  iii i  .  '  the  hc- 
Hinniui;  .if  ihe  n.  M  scnieiiee  ;  1  spi;ik  in  the 
iiiaiiiier  of  a  iii.;";  though  it  he  a  hicIii  i 

i,aHr,^v.  In  IKhreUs  is  l?-ir  ihts  woi.l 
iiie.ans  "wdf  or  "  t.  i.iu  v.t,  i.i  d  'lie 
refeleliee     t..     Ihe     |«/l.v,;.IH.V     IN".  IM 

shows  that  s.iiiietliinu  "I  that  tiu.iiini^; 
(  liiius  ahon!  tlir  u-r.l  her.       \v  h..uev.  r. 

II,  ,.  ■•  ,U  alh  ..f  th.  I.  -I  r  "  .  aniiot  1  m 
,M-,  -f...t  h.  r.-,  tlie  I.  -i.ii.T  h.  ii:'j.  ill  the 
.'„,.,•■        t II  mi -el  I.  It  >  U-'.u  f  to  cue 

•   ,     ....  ,"7)^^;     .'l..     |.,...-T     Ill.   i;  ::.-'  "hu.!! 

.!•.!.. .sit ion."    If  a  MAN'S  agreement  has 
been   ..-..p,  ri\    ratified,  notwithstanding 
1,1,, I,    ,;'         a  'ir'in.iii    ai; r.a'inen! .   no  one 
i  annuls  or  supplements  it:  .iinl  if  a  man's 
i  iLMa  enu  nl  hi    in- i..lalile.  how  much  more 
(.oils'      .111  arniinunt  all  the  m-.ro  cogent, 
as  5(a«i)ftT)  j.,  the  word  used  in  the  Seplii- 
v:int   for  d.d's   (gracious I  covenant  with 
I  His  people.    l'aur>  oppomnis  did  not  of 


Ch.  Ill] 


GALATIANS. 


241 


16  No"  t.i  Al.rah;ini  and  his  seed  were 
th  protniscs  nuuK.  He  saith  not.  And  o 
scfils.  as  ..f  "laiiN  .  1»>1  as  oiu-.  And  to 
tliv  sii.l,  which  IS  Cliri-l. 

th  It  was  confirmed  before  ot  God  in  Uir.sl. 
c    law.    Nvhich    was    fo„r   hn.ulred  and 


thirty  vcar.  alter,  caiio-t  .hvumnl  that  it 
.hoiild'ntako  the  l.ron.i^c  ol 

18    F.>r  It  tlic  iiilurilancc  /■.■  "t  tin 
M-  n..  n!..r>-  -1  iu..nn~.  ;  hut  Cod  nave  If 
„,  Ahrahaiu  hy  pn.m.^o. 

It  was  add.d  h.c:.  .  .     1  ...n.-KrisMons.  l.U 


course  suppose-  ihul  the  I..W  .mnull.a  ihc 
pronu.c.  l.U.  oul.  th.a  .t  suppU  uku  .  a  , 
ol.c.iienco    in    tlK-  ••  conipl.tf.l      U  e 

w  rk  r.al.atu.u  ts.r  ,0 .  lU.t  a  properly 
rat  tt.l  a.rccnunt-cvcu  ot  man.  ".tK-h 
uvZ  ot  (,..,l--tu-.ther  need*  nor  lurunls 

,6     r..  I'Tc  applvinK  his  huui.m  .itial..Ky 
to  the  ca-c  i.i  h.iud  (ver.  i;).  I'ai.  Ii:'>is 
aMdc  tor  a  uionu-ut  to  1'^"^- .  "'at  >he  re.>  | 
hoir  of  the  ancient  promise  is  CliriM.  11  i  , 
1  e  Jews     He  .h-es  this  h>  etiil.ha..i/iiiv;  thf  1 
%ular\.nu\  "seed.-    Now  to  Abraham 

er.il  tim.-    I.  "    N  i    7.         >  e'l  \  were 
Sken  "and  to  his  SEED"  .  '  ./-.v 
!^  ,r  vvu       :  the  words  are  not;  "and 
to  iSEEDS."  as  of  many,  but  as  of  one: 
"and  to  thy  SEED."  which  is  Christ, 
•rius  aru.muul  fails  to  carry  couucli..,,  to 
„„„1,  ru  rra.h  1.  and  s>  .  nis  t..  -a\or  ot 
KiM.Miual  nutli..!s  of  murpretation  (if. 
•  ,r    ,v    01.     It   1-   true  th.it   the  word 
d"  cui  Ik   UM.l  of  an  individual;  Init 
i„    tlu-    tinu-h    lU'.te    numerous    ca-es  111 
"uu  U  It      u~..lc..ll.ctively  lor  . lescendant^. 
„   „  Mu.as  the  siUKnlar  word    '-'like  lu 
(,r.>  .  au.r  llehrewl.  never  the  plural.  th.,i 
„  u-  \  in  tlie  eld  Testament.  _  I  In;^  t!i^ 
„„Vrence  from  the  use  e,f  the  singular  n, 
the    passage    quoted,    is    in.  levant 
siuK.  miK'lt  refer  to  an  indn 
necessarilv.  ami.  m  ifint 
sihlv.  in  the   lei- s 


1 


1; 


session  t' 
i>e»l,  ai:'!  li 
-cend.ini- 
|ia-sa«e  h.is 
ihuie-  1"  It. 
r.  ll'.il  e 
i'l  it- 


ill 


■  ! 


./  ..I  Can 
n,iiur;i'ily  1 
(.iher  w" 
the  V 

Ihe 

n.il 


m1 


tl:,- 


;.in 

Kal.l.uii' 
:.ilin-^'  hi~ 


no  w . 
i~  - 

'7- 
ment 


i  i 

;uii  ' 

This 
whi 


.  al.  I 

t  U-t,    IH't  ]"■' 

,1;    it  i- 
I  ih.it  i-  |.r..m 
\laMhaiii'-  di'^ 
ill,  oiiL'tn.il 
rv  iiie.itiiiiir  whuli  I'.i  '.l 
r'(  ri  Ml. IV'  t!ni;K       h""  - 
,,  I'.,.,]  a.h.pt-  the  wrd 
col'u.tn.    Mii~e  (v.T, 
hie   ih.Ll.  m 
1    i-  ^uui.lv 
ihi  ir    o\\  u 
■A  :  •.■•',!  i-  ui 


It 


I  .(1)1.  .Uellt  ' 

>.■  llMUl  .ll-.l 
.,.1     i'\  till- 

1  \  ■  r  17. 
is  what  I 


u;i! 
uii. 


parelllhetii:  verse. 


(lod  has  ma.le  it -the  law  which  dates 
four  hundred  and  thirty  years  after  it 
CM  UU   .'■  ^)  not  invalidate,  so  as  to 
do  away  with  the  promise     It  1  -00.1.... 
aKreeine't      ui.l-.  how  iiuuh  uioie  a  J - 
i,u-    aure.i.ul;    the    .h.ue    ,u-..nn-e  or 
;.,t.„.„u  c.uuwt  he  un.ih.l.t..!  1.  the  law 
uhich    I.    .n,t..l.,..d    hv    n... re    turn  four 
..,,„„ne-.    .\ee..r.hu«  lo  ih.e   IMuew  text 
I  vmIu.  Mi.  4...  t!us  ,Kr„.,l  repreM-nts  only 
.1,,  ,„ne  of  l-r.el  s  ...,..urn  m  l-.«>pl.  I" 
,„  ,lu.   (.r,,k   aii.l   h.unaritan  versions,  it 
UK-Iudes    their    sovnt.n    "in    the  "» 
|,  att.i.ni."  and  thus  p.es  luek  to  lI'V  ";'<: 
\1„aham.    Paul,  as  lr..|uently.  loUowj 
,!io    (.re.k.    The    arKUment    ,s  ututTected 
I.  the  eh,-..n..!..^y,  the  ,..u,t  t-  .h.it  he 
,hu,u.    ,,urp.--    r.v>,.le.l    tu    'he  pr..mise 
cannot  he  mv ali.late.l  h>  the  h  .  d  ^^Me.n 
uhich  came  t..„:^  .,/;.;  a  I'-  l'''  ■ 

.with  the  hest  MSS  .  t.,  he  oUlUled.  Is 
e..rr>et  .11    ui'.  •  l-ret.it  10,,  ;   the  ,.n.iiii-e 

.,,  Aiii.^i    ui  h.i.l  I  hri^l  lu  \f  w 
i      18.      il.e    I  •.!..,  in^  IMity    .-f  U'-^^,]<  to 

e..nihn,e    ,...:in:-e    a:M    l.iw.    -   -  ^I'M 
!l,.u    t..    lla    ,,r  .n-    e.     1:  .1    v .  .>upr.  .uu-.e  Is 

\    1^]^     ,.  ,    ,  ,^ , ,   ;i  : :  ^.  -    ,.•  e  u.iturally 

!  vTi  i-r.v  '  For   if   the   mheiitance-  the 
■1,1, -Muu    01    Al  v  iI.eu  -    lyr.    1).  spir- 
,;,,1U    ,„..v|„et.,l     depends    upo"  ''»- 
,^    ,    the  law.  it  no  longer  depends 
upon  the  promise,  whereas  no  less  an  one 
■Vu,  God   11:.-.  If   ti  «•«««  emphatic  at 
,„U  nave    It.  to  Abraham  by  way  of 
PROMISE  as  a  tree  t  x"*"' »  and  pernia- 
,,„,.,.  „.u-e.  «.lt.    It  -  a  uitt  ot  Ills 
11. .1  a  lew.ir.l  t..t  '  .   ■  ■    ■  -       '  '•' 
iliO  law.  a  1:111   wh'.th  .   u   ■  ■■' 
,,,,,,,1  ,,,,ri  I  and  1- 1u:p!  ^^lu.:l  - 
ell.iui;i.ihle  ti"d. 

\M,,,t..Aer,  tbeiel.....  1!-  l.'.^v  ll'.'V 
e.aiui..t   me. .11  th.    .1'-  >'•  ■■''   ■  '  ' 

I  |„  I  I,  ,11. .11     ot     ill..  I.t'.lM 

j  i,i,,u:         relii.ii:;-  1' 

.dter.ihle,  a-  It  enih..,|i. 
I  pi  ,se  of  God. 


I  h.i;  i:l.ieioii- 

,    .,11    l,;^lMI^  uu- 
,K,i„M  pur 


,    _  mean:  an  agree- 

h  stands  ratified  (r>f.  pt'' 
,.M,re-  11-  ,.ermanenc.  I  in  advance  by 
God  the  means  the  pn.mise  to  Ahr.iham) 
_n.  t  of  curse  ratified  independently  of 
the  promise,  hut  by  the  mere  fact  that 


/  .I.    I  ui.  i'A---f. 

to  The  nalural  imprest. .11  n  a'le  upon 
the  mind  by  the  sharp  contrast  between 


242 


GALATIAXS. 


[Ca.  Ill 


the  si'cil  -.Iioilld  ciiiiir  III  wliiim 
was  iii;iik' :  (;■;(/ 


;Ih'  prnniiso 

.    i.i.i.i;iui|  by  till- 

;iiis{L'l>i  in  tlie  liatul  <>l  a  iiu>liat<ir. 


II    N'l'w  a  iiui! i.iii ir 

I  iIK',   Iml   (  ii  111   1-    I  'lit'. 

[     Is  till-  law  tluii 


is  iidt  iJ  vu-Jiiilc 
a.yam-t  tin-  pr. inline 


111 


.111 


.iw  ,iih1  till  |jiiinit~r  W.I-  lii.il  I'aiil 
|il.ir!u.ill>  Ii  niliil  till  l.iu.  lilivlllj.:  no 
iiili  wr.il  tiart  in  llic  <livinc  tvoiintiiy  ol  lll->- 
ti'M.  till-  iiii|)ri-.-i<iii  fiiul-  viiici-  in  tlif 
.|iu-.iiiin  :  What,  then,  is  tlic  fiiiuii.in  of 
the  law?  IliKiiuli  a  \iiy  .luT.  nm  tliini; 
from  llic  i)rnii)iM',  it  lias  uii  Paul"-  sclu-nu' 
a  lU'ist  ini|Hirtaiit  fiituiinti:  it  was  added 

—  tliis  c\prc-M  -  Its  ail\ l  ilt  II      -  cli.ir.ii  ti  r 

—  because  of  the  C-a'  )  transKressions 
wliioli  K  l.nin'.^llt  to  lij^lit.  ilir  ili-ru>-i.  >ii 
in  Iv'iii.nis  (cf.  V.  -■<>:  vii.  -lu'vv^ 
tlial  this  jilira-v  is  not 
that  tho  l.iw  was  ^ivi-n 
t"  ri--1raiii  it.  Init  to  si 
Ii.i;Iit.  til  sliii'.v  llu'  nal 
li  iiiiSi;''!' isi'iii .  I  '.  .1-  a 
r.y  iii.iKiiii;  -111  .ii'iK.ir 
niailr  oCil'i'  li\  -I'liii'  i>l 
I'li'iinM-,  i-t.  \ir.  -'-•)  aiipi.-ir  iiimi-  iiiiinr.i- 

,  lli.it 
w.-M 
•ii  i.|i- 

|Hiiunts,  III  wlimii  llu-  lau  it-ill  wa^,  on 
till-  I'lio  h.inil.  a  K'lfl  of  tioil's  A,''(iC(';  an<l, 
on  the  otluT  liaii'l,  it  was  i-U-rtnil.  Hi  re 
rani  res;ir<ls  it  as  Iironnht  in  hm^;  altir 
tho  pronn-e,  and  of  valitlity  oiil>  until  the 
seed  tluit  i-.  Cluist  (wr.  loi  should 
come  to  whom  the  ptomise  has  been 
made  —  v.iIkI  nil  tho  coming  of  C"liri-t, 
ami,  imw  that  lie  h.is  c<iim-.  iinalnl. 
.\iiiit!i.  r  tl>m<'nt  in  I'.-inl's  i-ritu-i-ni  "I  iIh' 
law  i-  til  if  it  u.is  ordained  through  an- 
gels and  in  the  hand  of  a  mediator,  \i/. 


nitciiiliil  to  nil 

to    Il!llll-ll     -111,  I'T 

low  il  111  it-  tiiu' 
natiifi.-  Ill  -in  .i- 
inarli  of  tlu  i.iw. 
Ilii.rr  uriillr.  It 
I  ■nil-  ollu  r  iiK  an-  i  li>  tliP 
)  aiipi  .ir  nil  'i  i- 
li\r.  Sii.  li  :iii  i  -iini.ilf  ot  tin-  l.i« 
■■  II  wa-  ii(/./,</  I'm-  /)  .D/.v.i,';  i'.v,v;,i//,v 
1.1-  iliiiililv  )iiii\.il.iiii;  to  I'.iiir-  Jinvi 


111 


Mo-r-.    \\  lio    '■  -! 

tile  l  ord  and  i! 
I  "'  1!"\.  iii'U  a  Iiini 

l!:.  ^l~,lllil-     of  lli'ly 

llir   triir   ri.iiliiiu;  i 
ill  -li  I   l.tti  f  Ji  wi-li 
III  ..;liirM\    llu-  lav,. 
Ii.mI    ai  111111)111111  iI 
li \  1  r\ .     I  r.ii  i  -  1  if 


/■,  /; 
[)i-.ili!c  ' 
I  I.  lit. 
mil-." 

mil  it 


,-(;    (  at  a   fitaor  i 
'    I  Drill.    V.  51. 
XN  Mil.    -'    I  ■  I'  ll 
will  n-    |ii  i  l^a)!- 
y    .Mi-rilialli  K.i 
till  1  ill  i.uv .  in   1!  -  di  -in" 
ni.imtainril  tlial   .-mui  1- 
an.l    .•i--i-!iil   at    il-  dr 
till-  iiU.i  art   .il-ii  III  ln- 


fmiiid    ill    .\i'l-    \ii.  .-ind    llil'.    ii.  -l 

llu-    fiifiiu-r    pa--,ii;o   rliMily    lU-iuiud  t 
Miiiiii-l  tlic  diuniiy  and  j;lory  of  tlu-  l.iu 
tt-.-    lalti-r.    ;-iintra-tin«  tlk- 
il  r.  n-^li   anmis    with  th.ii 
-l—ki-n  through  tlu-  l.ord. 
I  lu  i    i--  tiiori'  in  the  spirit 
p;i--:!U(.'.    '!'!u'  a!m■.■!^  w-f 
nu'diarii's :  ihc  law  ordaini-il 
was  -nn-Iy  infrrior  ;o  the 
ilinvlly    ,itid    ;,-.-'/m;(/    im,-i/.'ihi.'h  1_ 
llltnsi-lf     Pn-idi-    tlu     aiiiiids  tin 


word    -pi  ui  I. 
Uri-ali-r  word 
Paul's  ntVr 
of  tho  Jattir 
a!   l»-t  infi-r 
iliri'iii:li  til.  ill 

prom  1 -I    ^;i'.  1  n 

r.iid 

law 


came  III  the  luiiiJ  of  a  human  incdutor, 


tiit-ro  iii.iy  ho,  hut  is  not  iu-cess.irily,  a 
rofironce'lo  llio  tahUts  which  Moses  liad 

in  his  hand  tlu-  words  may  -iiti;  !)  he  ;in 

imitation  of  a  Srimtio  onii-trMciion  (cf. 
ll;iK.  i.  I  K  and  =  /  V  .-1  nil  il-aim  1  lu-  pn-i 
lion  of  Mo-e-,  a-  nil  ili.i'i  a  1  .  ■  .m  i  11  liml 
,nid  man,  is  one  of  the  lii^;lie-t  linnur;  hiil 
llie  dispeiis.-itinn  to  wliieh  a  mediator  i-  lu-e- 
,  --arv.  i-.iii  lii'l  he  -n  imMi-  .1-  lli.il  m 
■,\lin-li  (..111  -!» .lU-.  .-I-  111  .M'V.ili.iiii  ill  tlie 
p.iln.iri'li.il  iiiiiu'l.  i.ui  111  i.K'i.  Si'i-  till- 
tine  eniilvi-I  in  (m-.  111  1.'  I.^l  lirlunii 
ilic  iiiilir.  I  nil --  iif  llu-  \|i.-.iu-  di.-|K ii-.i- 
tioil  and  llu-  iImii-iik--  I'f  llu-  Cliri-iMii. 

20.  Till-  lniit  vir-i-.  uliii-e  uord-  an-, 
i-oii -iriu'i  u  111  an  a-  -iiiiple  a-  tin  y  e.in  he. 
li.i-  i;iM-n  ri-i  In  a-  niiu-li  di  -1--11111  as 
.iii\   ver-e  in  |! a    .W  v\    I  i  -Lmiu  mI.     Now  a 

(111.  Ill,  )  mediator  is  not  of  one,  but 
(or  ijiii/ 1  God  is  one.  The  context  inake.<! 
-oiiu  ])oiiit-  re.i-onahly  clear.  The  iiiedia- 
Mr  I'.K'-  ninst  lure  he  the  same  as  in  ver. 
10.  and  the  refi-retiee  of  the  tir-t  clause  of 
\or,  ."O  will  he  to  the  law  which  was 
wnliiitrd  hy  Moses  hot  ween  fiod  and 
l-r.-u  l.  j.r.  lietw-eeii  f„-.i.  Im-  "  tlu  re  is  im 
iiu-iliatiir  lor  one"-  iiu  iji.ii  u  111  i;n;ilu - 
duality,  'l  lu-  n<-\t  point  1-  1I11-:  ilu-  whole 
ciinle-s.t,   and   e-peci,i'.l>    tlie   lie-..:i;iiiiiii;  of 

jllie  lit  xt  vi-r-e  (.Ml.  exliil-it-  the  l.iw  as 
•  oiitrasled  with  (and  app.iretitly  —  thongh. 

I  .i-  ver.  Jl  art;iu--.  not  re.dly  —  uppo-ed  tn) 
till-  prmni-i  II  sn-ins  ,-ilti i-.;r;lirr  pi  >  .lialile. 
liu  rriore.  ll  ai  tlii-  cmiu-.i-t  1-  e\|iri  --ed 
in  llie  enigmatic  \i-v-e  we  .ire  ci  m-ideriiii;. 
Hut  we  lia\c  .-ilnady  seni  tli.it  llie  tlr-t 
1  l.iii-e  rrfi-r-  in  tin-  i.iu  :  i-  it  tint  ri.i-.'ii- 
,iMe,  tlun,  to  -iippii-r  111. It  tlu-  -eciilid 
il.iii-e  -  ••  hill  (;.ii!  I-  I.IU  "— -1  f.  r-  tn  tho 
|iriinii-i-.  In  tin  eni'lext.  tin-  would  not 
rnpiiie  tn  he  liroiiyhl  into  connection,  as 
i-  nitiii  done,  uiili  the  famous  wor<l-  of 
i  iriit.  vi.  4  which  are  at  the  root  (if 
111  brew  n-li.moii,  The  l.ord  our  (iod  is 
line  Lord";  the  claii-e  wmld  mean  sim- 
ply; "tiiid  ill  till-  /T'li/i/j-c.  I.e.  in  Mis 
ili-aiinu-  \Mtli  .\1  r.iliam.  in  llu-  p.il ri.-irclial 

j.i-  eoiiira-lid  uilli  the  leyal  di-pen-.Ttioil. 
1-  11111-:  that  i^.  does  not  avail  lliiii-elf  of 
;i  nudialiir.  Init  s|»oaks  din-ctly  and  face 
to  f.-ice."  rile  VI  r-e  wonld  then  pithily  ex- 
nri---  the  cniiM.i-t  liilmratrd  in  tlu-  cmi- 
t,  v  lu  luri-ii  tin  lau  .and  llu-  piniiiii-i-.  llu- 
Hi,  di.iti  .n  i!  -pi  i  cli  III  M.i-i  -  .-Hid  llu-  direct 
-pci-i-Ii  I'f  'iiiil.  llu-  conir.i-l  lietwirii  lliO 
\,  il,-d  .Hill  ill-  "pen  face  (  -■  Cor.  iii  1 
ai.    Paul's  discnssion  of  tlio  law  seems 


GALATIANS. 


243 


l!iit  hifnro  f.ntli  catnf.  w.-  \\<r.-  k.ij' 


("M.  1111 

Well  .i  liiu  ul'.uli  .  ml.    lu^i   V. u  ,,r..r»..^/i-  1h'  n  v.-.i!.-,! 

1,K,  ,,nl>   ,:■.!>!>. n.MK-.  -lumUl  l>..n   » „^,.  • 

„r-„„;;:: ,i,a,  .^u.  ,.ro,n,-c  by  faui. ...  nn^n  r  .  ... 


I II. 


t,,   a>n...iMl    1..   a  ;::■!..  :nu  iit    ..t    i  : 

\Vr^.-  M.  -I'.'u-  >!'■"  '1'^"  "' 
,.;„„„:  i.  .!u-  ^..I,Ml       ,n,l  ...  n-t 

Vi'  ilili.^  -  nan-L;r. -~i.M!,  N.  t.  a^  \cr.  1<>  , 
,,r...v.-.l>-.l.  ;Ik-  .1.  -.111.11. .1.  alii'..-!  I1U..1U11J 
'  ,riU    lu.anu-    r.Ia'i..l>     .U'l-r.  ci;.t,.r>  :    it  | 

,    1  ,:,  1    ,1././  i:.-n.   ii"'    I'.irl  ol 
uUliilat.-  alal  ..ri'^nial  ,..11  p. -o.  It  wa-^ 
r..,ary    11..1   ttcrii.il.  it   w.i.-   Hi,-</;.i(.-</  l'> 
;„.urK  an.l  a  man.  "'-t  <Un-ct  ft-..m 
1 1  nil ~.  It     OiR-      iiiinlil      iiaturally  a-k 
vvli.ilur    ■  Iter  all.  tlu-  c.>lltra^l   ^^a-  in" 
:^l::,lim-:  is,  then/the  law  OPPOSED  to 
the  promises  (of  Godi?    Hut  tin- 
Hv.t,...t.   natural    an.l    l--..u-al   as   it  niidu 
Vrt-Ill  ri-l.ii.liau  .l    w:tli    vclu-tnciu'.' , 

thousand  times  No  i  lu   "'.'v  '-T- 

of.  ii.  .;>.    Tlu.  tniun..ii^  ..1  la«  an.l; 
,r,,nii.c    «.r..   .litt.T.ii.,  .-MTa- 
.iicn.rv.    Willi    th..    |.r..nii-.    i-  l. 
1,U-.  Imt  II. .t   uHi          V"  •  -'^  '\ 

seen,  it  c  I  1«-  k.-,...  t!ui,  t..r.  it  l.r.y«>| 

„..t  life  eiir-e   l^.r,    l..i.  hOT  if  a 

law  hai  b«".i  given  such  as  could  create 

;    ,,„,„.  .    .,,1  t..ke.i.it.ni..rai.syntiial. 

,.„,r,,,l   1.      ,!i,„.  as  a  matter  of  fact 
the  law  would  i.     v  be  the  source  of 
X  \i       srhrir  ..II  that  righteousness 
xvlii'.h  1-  tlie  ..:i::.ranlee  ,.f  lite   t  ver.   l  O 
But   li..u.\.r  1  i-  nini.'iieitts  niiijlit  renanl 
tlu-  'l  iw  a~  a  -..iircc  of  life,  tture  wa^  li-. 
lif,.  in  it  f..r  I'aiil.   The  Scripture  tper- 
M.nilie.l.  ef.  ver.  S I  -  vvli.  tlu  r  ...nu-  par- 
ticular seri,.t.ire.  siicli        Dent    nxnu.  -' 
,,„„te.l   in   ver.    w.  -r  le-  pr-liaMv,  th.. 
01,1   Te-tani-iu  Seni.im.-  in  U'wral  t  ^'t 
a  o.lUvti.Mi  ..f  p.i-aue^  ni  K..tn    ni KV- 
l8)  —  shut  up  the  whole  .1  m  nikr'.I.  a- 
in  a  i-ri-.n.  under  tlie  .l..nniii..ii  ..t  sm.  ..y 
erealiiiK  the  cn-ei.. 11-11.--  ..t  1!  a-  ir.iii- 
Kre-i..n  (ver.  fH  ;  an.l  t!..-  .liMii-  m'. 
in  re.lii.-M,:.  ,11.11       V-      •       ..'  ""I"':;,' 

1.1W.  wa-  that,  on  the  basis     1  .  t  -1 

dieiice  t.-  the  law.  «Iii.-li  .     'li'  i'.';  -  -""^^ 

of  faith  in  Jesus  Christ.  THE  PROMISL 
might  be  given,  n;  1  -.  a  "'^'.^^j 
l,nt   a-  a   Ir- e  i;ili.  to  men  of  FAITH 

(//,  -,7,,.  '..  /...-.-.-)  I  111-  p:irav;rapfi.  like 
vv  -11  -ir  knidv  .  ,-.1-  with  an  eniphaM- 
i  herc  t  wice  .  eneau  .1.  -^t^-.u-,,  r.Tr..  oe*.* ) 


vih.n    ,.',ii7/i.    'rill-    it    i-    «'ii>'li  -.1- 
lh..-e  wli..  liavi-  Ix.ii  Iniiii:        t!i._  1  r  ..n 
li.ni-e   ..I    til.-    I.iu.   an.l   l.iaii;-    tin -i  .'--t 
int..  llie  r.'.-ili.-.iti'.ii  "I  t!'.'  I'l'.!"!-.  • 


(  I- 1  Th,-  .V'.litu'r  ,'i  til.   I  I.,  ,11;./ 

S'-n.^irf    In'.'U^h  i.rili        ) I'sus 
t  /,-..-.(/   1  1:1    J.l  ."il 

Til.-  l.,u  r.  .,.1.  II'.  .1  a  i..i.i  an.l  .li.-.i-  v 
l„  ri...|  Ih  Iu.-.-ii  Al.i  .iIi.i,-i.  i"  wli-'in  'Ii. 
|ir..liii>e  u:\i-ii.   .111. 1  ('liii->t.   m  ^^li.'in 

11  liillilU.l     (  !ir;-l    ii  lai-    nun  int." 

a  new  u..rl.l.  ..ill  .'I  pri-..ii  ml.,  tlie  lih- 
,rly  >,l  -..n-liip  He  iii.iiii:iiral.--  a  new 
,,a'.    .lui.U-    lii-l..r\    in  tlie  p.-rnxl 

--|,i  |.  in-  t.iili:    I  in   ilinU   ha.l  e.  .me  "  (\er 
■;,     ,1,1.1    ■•.atl.r    failll    ha.l    e.illie"  (xer. 
jO.     Ihe    exiniiiK    of    CliriM    ami.  with 
llnii.  <>t  ilu-  faith  whieh  \va>  ilir.-ei.-"l  t.> 
lliin,  llKule  .1  ilitTereiiee  lli.it   wa-  ,1..  L 
than   re\..hiti..nar>.  n-.t   <.nl\    t..  lli.  iii.ls 
xi.lnal  man  ami  hi-  rel.i!i..ii  P.  (....1.  Lui 
als,.  til  Mieiety;   for   in    llim   .iH   n.ii  1.  .'i-il 
ami  el.i-^  .li-inu-tu .n-  \am-h  (v.-r. 

23.  Now  before  the  coming  of  this 
faith  ill  I. -11-  fhriM  (v.-r  J-M  i  i.inb 
in-t  111.  ,ili..ne.l  ;  n..t  f.mli  m  'l  1  '"f 
At.rali.ini.    \.r    '■.   an.l   iii.iii>  ..ih.!-. 


.  ,lii.-.  ti\ 


t  !i,  I- 


II.  h.i.l  tk.ai  .  -1-11  1. 

,n  i mil  I,  we  I.  w  -  were  a.l  iIm-  'mi'- 
,  I  kept  under  the  mw:i1  ant  Kuard  of 
ithei    law,   uln.li    pi.A.iiU'l   ..11,  .-i.ip.- 

.|„-  U..1.!       I'l.    -  .11"  ""■ 
ill.-   -K.i...'  !i    NX  I-       P'  f 

,i|    K.im.i-.'ii-   '  ■   |.r.  -,<  nl    IViiil''-   .-M-ap<  . 
i'..r.  M       '  being  .-..iimii,.i11>  i  |iri pte  1 
shut  up  1 -.1,11.-  w-.r.l  ,1-  ill  \er   J-' 1  nti'ler 
the  .l..niin,.ti..n  .it  I  h.'  law  :e.i/.-'ii'(/ 

ih.-ni  like  fi\...>n,-ys.  hiit.  in  tlu-  .livilie  ptir 

.  nltini.ii.K  with  a  view  to  the  faith 

Ml  le-iis  Clir  I  which  was  ..n.  <la\  to  be 
revealed.    .Ni.  hm  i".'  l..  i'"i'--  I'l-  .•••m-r^. 

j  .U-liver.-mee  t.eeam.-  p..--iM.-.      ■'  '     '  ■ 

I  t.i  llli.-e  wll"  /'t-.'--.-;  <■./  "11   1 1  'I- 

34,  25.    'i  ll.-  t,...;!ire  hv  wlii.  h  I'a    I  'w  1- 

!  ,I,.-,.-ri1..-.I  ehane.  -  fr-ni  l.ri-..ll  t..  .'■.  i/.l- 
jj,,.-,,,-     lin"    ill.     1.1.  .1    1.-111. iin-    mil-  i:  I'l.' 

C.iin. .  consequently  the  law  has  become 
(|ierf  ;  thai  1-  it-  t'' "> '">'"'  •niuti.nil 
our  slave  attendant  ito  bring  ust  to 


244 


GALATIAXS. 


[Ch.  Ill 


2f)   I"or  yi'  arc  all  the  children  of  Goo 

l)v  I'aiili  ill  Christ  Jc>ii-. 

.'7  i'i>r  ;i->  tiKiiiy  ni  \im  as  Iiavc  liccii 
liaiili/<il  wUi  (.'liri^i  liMVi'  |int  on  Cliri-l. 

jK  I  lu  rr  m  illu  r  ji  u  iinr  (ircck, 
tlu  rr   IS   lu  itlu  r   l"'iu!   iinr    fru ,  tlicrc  is 


mitluT  niaK-  nor  female:  for  ye  are  all  one 

ill  Christ  Jtstis. 

j(.  Ami  if  VI-  he  Christ's,  then  arc  ye 
.\l)tai;ani's  sml,  and  heirs  according  to 
the  promise. 


!f 

IB 


Christ.  Silu'oliimslcr  (A.  V.)  is  far  fnmi 
CdtiviviHK'    tlu'    iilra    <il    iro  1807  u!->  6i,  and 

/,,/,.(  'i  A.  K.  W  I  1^  litilo.  It  ;ii       hitu  r 

III,'  ••  ii.-ilaK"i;iu- ■■  \va-.  ityiiic  ■li>Kii-.illy,  tlio 
sla\i-  \\\<"  UH^k  \\w  \><>\  to  -i-liiKil  and 
hron^ilu  li"inc   a^;aMi ;   anil   tliis  lias 

riNi-  111  till-   inh  rpn  talinn  tliat,  tlir 
n'K.ir.liil  a-  linnKini,'  nu-n  t" 
il    (  lin-t.    Hut   C  ln\--t    i>  not 
111    a--    a    ti-ailur    <ir  siiiool- 
■  inn 


rn 

lau    1-  lu  ri 

tlu'  sJl.'.'l 

luif  uv;ar 

iii.i^lt  v ;  iMilu  r  111  linn  nun  ari-  sims  i>i 
(„,i|.  iii.iiun  anil  fru-.  Ilif  explaiiatum 
Ml  iIh-  ll.um'<>  1^  rallKT  to  lie  soiisht  in 
tlif  lait  that  till'  /'(r(/(i^'<'i,'ia  who  took 
ilu  Ik.v  ti.  school,  hail  a  ccrt.-'in  sniu-r- 
\i  Ml  of  his  fomiiut.  of  his  .■.v/r'i/n/  ■li'-- 
i  iiiliiif.  "  accomiianyinn  him  fvi.  r\  whi  re 
with  lotntnam!^  ami  prohihitioiis.  anil  krc])- 
iiiH  lilni  in  a  condition  of  diin'iidi'iici'  and 
nstraint."  In  the  contcM.  the  law  is  not 
an  inner  iinparaiion  |.  r  thr 
a  pri-on,  antl  can  at  Ih^i  only 
cnate  a  loiii^iii;-;  for  escape,  a^  the  hov 
niiylit  loiii;  lor  lii^  inatiirer  years,  \\lun 
he  would  e'-cape  from  the  yoke  of  In-^ 
■  ,  -J,.  In  thi>  -iii-e  tlie  .h>ciplir,e 
law  lioint--  to  Christ,  a-  that  oi  'hi' 
.L:ne  ]<•  'inl >  to  lati  r  \ >  .11  >  oi  1  r-  e 
ll   is  not   In   aiuihaii^   thai   the  law 


conceueil  as 

-o-p,  1  ;  il 


pail 

. '  1  ■ ; 
pi.l.,: 


can  110 
hv  till 
I'l  lit  urn 


-hill  i- 
-piritn.d, 
Aliraliani 
26,  27 
Jew^  or 
chiUlrOii, 
law.  hilt 
l  l  line 


oiiferrod 
and  nut 


upon  upon 
the   natural  stcd 


the 
of 


For  you  (ialatians,  whether 
(i.  utile-,  are  ALL  —  no  longer 
under    the    "  prilauoKy  "  of 


tl.al    n'.i.n    are    iii-iitiei|.   hr.i  oiil> 
•  I    and    iailh    ill    linn.     So.  alter 
,.|'      ■•  ;n  dai;oL'ii-al  "     di-i  iphii.  , 

-t  lii-  ^- ai "  I IV.  41,  that  we 
might  be  justitied  on  the  basis  of 
FAITH.  And  now  that  faith  {Ilu-  faith 
ni  Clin-!.  \.r.  -'.!  1  has  come,  we  are  no 
lonscr  ;'l-.e  ho>-  under  tluir  slave-at- 
tendant, hut  we  are  tree  and  full 
sons.  1  liese  two  ver-e-  are  really  a  pieee 
of  aiitohioi;rat)liy.  I'anl  knew,  as  on!y  a 
ni.m  of  p.issioiiate  >inei  rily  and  fer\ent 
desire  for  (iod  and  uoodiie--  could  kimw, 
the  honilav;e  of  the  IcKal  -.v-leni  in  winch 
he  had  heeii  tr.iiiied.  and  which  he  had 
vainU  tried  to  keep:  ami  ii  1-  thi-  seii-r 


-lull  a  -en-i' 
hi-  profe--ion 


the 

SONS  OF  GOD,  havinn  be- 
through  faith  in  Christ  Jesua. 

It  is  very  ditlicult  to  decide  whether  "in 
Christ  Jesus"  goes  with  "faith"  ( .\.  V. ), 
or  with  "ye  are  sons  of  dod  "  t.\.  K.  V. )  ; 
the  latter  wndd  mean  "In  fellowship, 
union  with  Christ,  who  is  the  Son 

(if  (Iod  (IV  41,  voii  ,in-  al-o  s.'iis  of  (nu/, 
thii'U^h  I'.ulli."  I'aith  hit-  all.  wniiont  ex- 
ception, into  the  wiiiiilert-.il  hln  rty  of 
S''iisli![' ■'  w  hy  then  w  ill  the  <  i.il.iii.iii-  il" 
liack  ;ii;ain  to  tln'  pri-oii'  1  iiey  are 
-on-;  for  in  the  h,it'/isiii.  wliuli  -ii;nali/ed 
'  call  d  tlii  ir  ailiiii--ioii  ir.!"  the  (,  liri-- 
coiiimiiiiily,  they  wi  re  iii> -1 
1   I,.,   or.   more  i;rap!iK-aIly. 

r'j,-    S'  'II.     I  \ivy  1 
iL;annrnt     si  1  lliat 
in  iw    w  e.ir    1 "  I  re 
I1-  — tl-.ii  ol 


.mil 

11.111 


i-t. 


rio,;-lv 
im  esltil 
h.id  put 
the  ;ip 
tiod  is 
oil.  For 


of  honii,i"e  th.it  Hi\> 
el.id  e\hil.iration  to 
ll.rrty:  "We  are  no  longer  iiiuler  a 
p,i  i|,il;ov;ii-.  '  1  he  ri'-ir:iint  ol  liie  pul.i 
-ouiu.  tin-  de-pair  ot  ihe  pri-mt.  'lad  heeii 
l.i!!i-lieil  forever  hy  that  tailh  n  .h-'i- 
Cliii-t.  which  li.iil  iiiailr  Inin  a  S"i:  1'/  (o'l/. 
and  not  only  hitn.  hut  all  the  ("lalaliaii- 
who  bdicvc  in  Oirist  Jesus ;  for  this  son- 


linn  on.  a-  a 
pe;,r,iiu'e  lluy 
li.r    -ante    ;i-  1 

all    of   you  who 
Christ  —  thi>  wa- 
lorniula.  cf.  Uoiu. 
n.iiiie  of  Chri-t  "  ( 
tile  ii  iiiic  of  Jesus 
-put  on  Christ:  note  the  emphatic  repe- 
tition of  Clnist. 

28,  29.  This  snnshin  to  Cmd  in  Christ 
ere.ites  ;ui  e--iir.i.d  ii|i'.ihly  aiiioiiy  a\\ 
who  share  it.  Il.c\ine  imt  on  L  l:ri-l.  ili-- 
tinctions  of  iialioiialit.\ . 
pe.ir:  or  at  lea-l,  ;ire  as 
'lluy  may  form  part 
coii-tnntion  of  hiiniaii  - 
L  hi  isliiiii  nu  n.  till  ~e  '1 
count  :  lor  lU  ~i  '.' 
There  is  neither  Jew 
di--iiii-tion  upon  wliicli  1' 
iii-i-!ed,  in  their  attriinc- 
oli-<r\.iiice  of  tlie  Jiui-li  law 
lienlile-,  sinijily  dm-  li  'l  exi-l 
here  tir-t  perhajis.  as  thi-  wa- 
chi.  ;;v  u;:  ',  r  pule,  The-e 
n  out  ot  i!:e  apo>t!e's 
fanatical    I'harisee.  he 


W  I  II 

A- 

t!'i- 


were   baptized  unto 

tl'.e  oldest  baptismal 
vi.  :  or  "  unto  the 
.Nets'  xix.  ?■) ;  or  "  in 
Christ"  (Act-  ii.  ,^!*i 


cla--.   -<  \.  <li-ap- 
if  they  were  not 
III'     lllr  illrulahle 
■  i  1.  i  \ .  Iiul  anil  iiiK 
U  1  reiu-i  -    ilii  111 
••A.    all    ari-  one. 

nor  Greek  — tlii- 

{'.lul'-  opponents 
to  inipo-i.-  the 
law    uiioii  the 
,  UKiitioued 
the  matter 
„--r(ls  arc 
very  soul, 
had  <lra\vn 


ver\ 


distinction  between  Jew  and 
dreek  which  he  now  sees  to  have  no  mean- 
ing in  Christ,  and  which  he  repudiate* 


Ch.  IV] 


(JALATIAXS. 


245 


 ~~  ~         '  T    ■<    Hut         iitidir    tutors   .md  noviTHorS 

vant.  though  ho  he  lord  oi  all;  '■'"'^^'^  ■ 


with  all  his  heart,  aiul  with  tin-  (listiuc 
turn  i!-'cs  iverv  other  which  separates  man 
from  mail.   There  is  neither  slave  nor 
free  man.  there  i«  no  male  and  female. 

Christianity  did  not  attemin  di'.v//.v  t" 
affect  the  st.itus  of  slaves  vcf.  i  v". 
21)  and  women,  but  it  i./.m//.v  alH.li^lu.i 
the  distinction  between  slave  and  free  man. 
man  a:id  woman,  and  it  "  is  ,.nlv  a  (in--- 
tion  of  time  till  the  u\>a  ■^'1:1„'"\' " 
and  ^r^u-\^■ru^  s,.,uty,  For  YOU  ul". 
lri\c'  put  t  ln:~t  are  all.  wlulher  Jew 
or  (.reek,  "r   H-..  m.in  ■•r  wmaii. 

one  person   i'".  iii.i~>-..  n-t    .iinpl>  an 
abstract   iinitv )    in   Christ  Jesus.    N  -ur 
unitv       in  llini;  in  llun  all  tlu-  arniieial 
,li-tmon..n.    iKtnein    the    iii.liM.lnal-  ot 
wh-xh  111.'  nnitv  1-  o.nipu-.,.!  are  alx ih -Ik  .1, 
M.  tliat   m    linn  lluy  constitute  one  per- 
son.   And  if  ycu  are  Christ  s.  i..;.  U- 
l,,ii.'  I.,  l  iiii-t  -  I'Ut  tii.re  1-  truth  in  the 
r.inarU  nt    l.iKl>tl"Ot  that  •■the  arwrnunt 
turn-  c,ii  the  entire  i,l>i'tit\  xljhv  ^li"" 
tian   broiiurhood   with   t-luiM.     aii.l  tiial 
we    should    tlieref.Te    p.-rlnp-  tr.ni-lat.-. 
••  If  von  arc  mnnhos  •  i   (  ^-i-i  then 
you  are  Abraham's  seed,  i  r  tin--,  as 
wc   saw.    is   Abraliam  -    serd    i  ^ .  r     i'  '  : 
ami  if  Abraham's  >e.d.  then  In-  hens, 
indeed   bv    law,   bnt.    llitiinlel\    1k  !1.  r.  by 
promise.'  Wlutlur  Jeu-        n-1.  M  1 
were  Christ--,  tluy   urve   ndl  h.n'-  t..  tlu- 
pnmiises,  and  lunr.  'lie  •■l..lly      .v.r.  !• 
of   .illrniplinu         .r..'An    :iiid  '.-nipl.e 
,,,.r.  tl,.  ,r    -;dM.:ion_  l.>    !,.K  nu  ni-n 

tlu  ni-.K>  -  the  yoke  .. I  ilu;  Uw.  1  u  y 
are  ii"  longer  inider  Its  "  jH-dagogy.  tlu  y 
are  luirs. 


-inl  l.irlli  111-  -on  "  .  1 

l„-n."l    "i  II-  inl;nu> 

pi-rii'd   ot  -nbj>it:'>n  \' 

Cit-nlile.  >nb|  H  ill  III 


it. irc  tli.il  «a-  the 
-  lor  the  .b  v\  a 
tin  l.iw.  I'T  the 
t.i    i.lMl.itrv.  t'lir 


l,,,tli  in  -'inr  -n-e.  <>t  I  Mid.iiie  to  the 
i-leiiu  nls  of  the  UMrM  I  limntfh  the  com- 
ing c.|  the  Soil.  — n-lnp  i.  a  iii.ni  become* 
.1  p.,--ihilit\  ;  an.l  tli.-e  who.  by  laith  ill 
;,iid  iiu-iu-  union  with  the  Son.  ihemselve* 
hi-,-,,iiu  -"11-.  enter  forthwith  mion  their 
-pirmiil  niherilance.  iiiii-.  though  the 
liyiire  is  dittereiil.  llie  general  view  of  In-*- 
i,.rv  which  it  viebls  i-  the  satn.-  as  wa* 
xieided  by  the  figure  of  the  law  as  a  jwd- 

I,  a.  Now  what  I  woul.l  say  i-  th--. 
that  as  long  as  an  ■  ■  ^ I''  '.  ^^Jl 
is  a  minor  iht.  mMn/),  he  differs  m  no 
respect  from  a  slave  — at  any   r.ite  m 


n-spect  "I 
ri-spoii-'.!'ili  \ 
I  rty  though 

I  If  ] IT' |u  r'l  1  \  i  l_\ . 
i;.ls  lu  i  ll  k'  i  ld\ 
l.ltlitT  I-  to  In  1' 
but    It    i-  "t 

iiunt.  whuli  •-  - 

l-,l.ll..ll  .'.llt'lVl'' 

t.    But  he 


t 


r  \.  rt 


he  is, 
, .  lord 


■  t' 

w  ' 

of 

.a  ., 

■  rtai 


1" 


.',  !  o  n  prop 
,  ;hi  r  .  --.  nliallv 
all.  1  h.'  point 
,1  uh>^Ii.  r  the 
-  1\  111-.^  ■  ir  di  ad. 
,,    I.,   llu  ar.uu 

r  I.  .1  with  the 
1    ih.i    pcriinl  of 
uliich  snc- 


The  ruhu'Ss  of  the  Tiiiu 


(iv. 


;i  jjuv  is  under  men  who  have 
,  ,  charge  of  his  person  and  property, 
uritil  the  day  set  by  the  father,  i'ml  lias 
pro'  li'v  111  \i(\v  s"in»  I'nal  ><\  provmeial 
„-;,«,■,  i.v  which  the  .late  <.l  .•iil.rin«  uicn 
.111  iiiluTitaiue  dep.il.le.l  iL't  ni-oll  the 
v..iith"s  attaining  a  particular  .age,  but 
upon  the  will  of  his  lather. 

3     So  we  also.  I.  us  and  (i.  ntib  -  alike, 
have  had  a   -iiml.M-   i>.ti.  .1  ..I  nil.nuy 
and  "bon.laue.  '   When  we  were  minors, 
we  were  under   the   elements   of  the 


The  u.'rd  /'.  I  iust  us..!  (111.  .x)>  gives 
a  ,„  w  turn  to  the  figure.  .\n  heir  has 
„oi  \\w  I'nii  pnvil.i;e-  of  s.Ml-hip.  until  h<- 
ha-  alt..nied  In-  nia.u.rity.  ..r  ni.ire  stn.'t.). 
until  he  ha.;  re:.ched  the  tiiiu;  .app.-nit.  .1 
l,v  his  latlKr:  till  then  he  an.l  hi-  pro).- 
^rtv  :ire  un.b  r  .-oiitrol.  an.l.  in  tins  re-p..  t 
..J  position   is   no  better  tli.ni 

ibat  of  a  slave.    And.  as  with  the  in.l, 
vidiial.  so  with  humanity  at  large.    It  t...| 
has  its  minority,  and  its  tune  api.ointe.l 
by  the  Father  for  entering  np..ii  'he 
iKritancc.   That  hour  struck  when  Ood 


,  .It  .ill 


t! 


11 


t' 


world  enslaved. 

the   l.oii.la«e    i-  1' 
i-c.'pe  of  the  ari;nnu 
Ipari-oii  in   in    -\  •  < 

bii'  1'-  p.ifii;' 
iiiiM.M  til.'  iih.inniu'  .'1 
t::,  :  . 
It.  •    .leterniin.'.     !  'k' 
Ini'  w-  "  Ciiii  ni''^ni 

.iii.i  I  .iiiu     '  ■iyy 

.  h      ii!.ir\    i-nn.  i;  i.  -.  . 

knowle.lue.     lint    it    t!ii-    ,  .    .  -- 

hen  It  .htlicnlt  to  assign  a  -nitat>le 
inieaiiing  lo  the  w.rd  wotld    To  render  It 


Ml  'he 
i;i  thi-  <'oin 
to  ,1  p.vila- 
iiii'nn-  ihp.niU 
■   |,hr,i-e  .•/.•- 
t!u- 
!  r. 


.1 


.t 


1. 


\,rv  hartl 
11  1.  re. 1    "  ele 
the  alphabet. 

r!-..-    --i-tlsf  of 

.1  branch  'if 
the  meaning 


246 


OALATIAXS. 


[Cii.  IV 


"1 


4  I'.iit  uluii  tlic  fiiliu— .  of  thf  mm-  \v:i-^ 
conu-,  (iiiil  ^iin  I'Tlli  Ins  Si'ii,  iiiiulc  of  ;i 
W'liiaii.  tnrnk'  hikKt  the  law. 


I  5  '1.1  rnUciii  iluin  tli.il  vi-rc  ni'.lrr  llie 
I  l;iw.  that  \\r  iniglit  rc'-i.i\c  llu-  .iil.'iiin.ii  nf 
I  sons. 


"  lu  liiiiKiiii;  In  llif  iiii^iurinial  iiiittr  world."' 
ami   n  liT   iln  -f    "  1 1,  iiuiitary   If^solis  of 
iiiitwar.l  lliiiiu^  "  to  till-  iiiacttiuiits  of  tlu' 
law  (if.  Mr.  lo)  <loi>  not  xiin  M-ry  con 
vinoiii^',  though  th.i-  \i<  «   ritcivis  a  ("it 
tain  corrolioralion  throni^h  the  association 
««f  ■■  lllc  iKiiuiits  ol   thi    world"  in  Col. 
ii.  S.  _>(>--'.■  witlt  th.i-  ••  liMihiioiK  coniinainl 
nicnis  anil  li  ^uhint;-.  I'l   un-n."    i  he  ti  K'' 
si.ii  iniK  iM'in!  lor  the  ilisi  n--ioii  i-  vi  r.  <i 
li  i>  iialnva!  lo  s'iii]io>c  ih.it  thi-  "  i  K-nic  nl- 
ilh  ir  ;irr  ihi-  saiiu-  a^  llio-r  of  lhi~  Mi-r, 


Juilaisni  a< 
iiaiiiiy.  into 
•  'f    llu-  lull 
tiK'.iniiiK.  i' 
iru  Ini-  ail 


a  ilinrl  jiroparation  for  C'hri^ 


■;   Inn  ih.ii 
■  r  III.'  J. 
Ill  oi  Christ 


ni'l  1  hi  t  r. 

In'    1  .|  M\  nil 

hail 


I'l' 
II 


■  \  1.  I !  I  ~ 
■  l\  III' 


III  llu  ir 


■I' 


.til.  \l.  thiv  -.,1111  t" 
:imU  which  llu   <  lal.i 
iiuiilioiiril   in  !lu' 
In    thai    I'.isi',  ,!,iiiriils 
liui.iil).  as  ihi'  v;ri'at  clc- 
\,  hii-h    ihr    u.  rill    is  loiii- 
I  ■ill  n 

thoM 

the    luaviiilv    liodios  — a 


iiu.itniii;  whioh  tlu'  ui> 
111- 11 1-  narrow  1>.  lurhai 
ui  ri 


|,..s,.,l 
h.is,  tlr 

tllllllllls   

\try  iri(|iuiit  ohuiM  of  worship  in  tlu- 
l-",asl  ;  ami  llun-  may  he  a  hint  of  thi<  in 
the  oliscrvancc  of  ihi-  seasons  (referrid  to 
in  \er.  itii  which  was  ihumiiiuil  }<\ 
those,  liodiis.  Dent.  iv.  Ii>  rijUi  siiii,  ilu- 
curious  hi  lief  that  the  Coil  of  Ur.u  I  h.ul 
actually  assii;mil  the  hiaveiilv  hoilies  lo 
llu-  h'e.ilhen  nations  li  uor-hii).  'Ilu- 
yu.it  (iitVicnhy  on  this  view  is  to  sie  the 
rele\aiiie  ot  llu  Jiassa-^e  lo  llu-  J'W~:  •"' 
when  he  -.is-  "  te.'  were  insla\ e.l,"  cm  h 
if  tlu-  fell  I  I  nee  is  not  (  seln-iMly  to  the 
leu-,  .1-  some  si!|,],ose.  llu\  inii-t  least 
i„-    iik-nuhi!      i',rli.i|is    llu-    most  iiLin-ihU- 


;.  is  ih.il  tlu-  ohsir\.Mu-r 
inil  s,;|.„,ns,  wliieh  was  a 
!  i;ri  ot  J  iiil.ii-m  i  \  er.  lo  » 
'1!  l!ie  s.nne  le\el  as  st.-ir 
;  or.  in  oili.r  words,  w.i- 
eleinellls  of  the  world.  " 
In  anv  case.  I'anl's  Jii<lai/in«  opjioneiits 
must  have  winced  to  hear  the  lenal  dis 
Iiensation  coniiiared  to  >la\ery,  and  thoM 
who  liveil  nmler  it.  to  sI.ims.  The  Jeus 
jirided   tht-iiisehe-   on  liein«  sons.  I'aiil 


i-\|il.ni.it  u 'i;  ol 
Ol    s:i,  i  ,  ,1  (la>s 
I  li.ir.u  l  1  1 1  -I  u-  U . 
w-is  |iraelu'  ill\ 
w  orship  (  \  I  r  ij 
"  lionilage  lo  ili 


e.-m 


le   no  lull 

-  "u  -  iiii  '  ihe 
,    •!:,-  |-a:her. 

fulness  of  the 
 I  I.,  ,1,.. 


.irKUinent    is   tli.il  there 
sonship    until    tlii'  S' 
worhl,  or  r.ilher  is  s,  ; 

4,  5.  But  when  the 
time  came,  ;■ 
l-aiher  ( ver.  God  sent  forth  mit  of 
the  hc'ivenly  world  in  which  He  had  heeii 
liMiiK  lor  the  pre-e\ist(-iiee  ol  Chrisi  is 
here  iiiiiihrd  ( ef  J  Cor  \  iii  n  1  His 
Son.  Il  Is  lemplini,'  to  read  modern  idea- 
of    rclijiiuus    evolution,    or    at    least  of 


III,'  lullh 
harilly  Paul's 
the  tiiiii-  preenl- 
w.is  tilli-il  np  hy 
.is  we  h.-ive  seen, 
till-    eh.iraeter  of 
he  day  .-ippointed 
s,  I'.lin-,;    oi  His 
h.ul  fully 
JO)    and  ihe 
.\s  .-i  i  ,r(-ek 
n.iliire,  ha\ 
f  wielM'dm-ss^ 
;iml  Clirjsosiiiin. 
ready  to  pirish, 
history, 
view  an 

jet  insfurfd  hy  a  dnine 
s.ivinii   piir)iosi-    for  tiu-n 


the  law,  whose  liinetion 
was   to   im)>art    lo  sni 
tl  ,-i11s--;ressii       1  ni,   |i)  1 ,      I  he 
!iy    llii-    l-"a'lur    i.-r    the  -ii 
.^011   u.is   llu-  il.iy   wlu-ii  tlu 
done   11-   Work    111,    ki'in,  \. 
m-i  d  ol  s.iK  ,111.  ill  was  s,  r<-s|. 
f  illii  r   s.i\  s.   •-  \\  lu  11  hnni.iii 
niu'  run  thioiiuh  e\ir\  Kind  1 
\\  .is  in  neril  of  hi-aliiiL;  " 
"  \\  hen  men  w  ere  most 
ihen    they    were    saved."  Ihu- 
iliouijli  not  from  this  point  "f 
iMiIution,  was 
imriiose.  'I'h.-it 


11  t!iroiu;h  One  who 
i.il  oi  lirananity.  in 
nu  n  ( J"h  .\iv.  I  ) 
is  11,1  releri-nee  here 
11  Is  Chri-l'-  lil:rnrss 
is     -l!L:'.;r-'ri|    h.\'  tlu- 

like  ,ill  ji  w  -.  under 
I    il    1-    eouMiiunt  to 
n-o,<< I'oi'    I  V    l':-rn.  I! 


Ii.lil  to  he   wroiiL;hl  o 
shared    the   Coiinn.  n 
Im-iiii;  born,   lil-e  .ill 
of  a  woman —  tlur, 
to  the  \  irv' 111  hir; h  ; 
lo   oilu  r    ini  II    tii  It 

phra-i  and  born, 

(the)  law.  IIioumI 
ira^i  late  llu-  \\oi-,l 
ri-aii'.  rallu  1-  iiu  .m-  "li.uiiiy  '•,  t  ,')iu\"  .-ind 
poinis  M  ry  tir.ipliu-.dly  (iioic  ihi-  repi  li 
lion  I  to  llu-  tratisnion  Iroin  llis  liea\eidy 
to  Ills  i-arthly  exi-liiiee.  lie  c  r/(ii,'  /);/.' 
ihe  e\pi-ririief  ot  hiim.in  fr.-iilly  .-nid 
iji'Ai-li)  snhordin.itioii  to  ordinanees; 
and  ihe  di\iiie  re.-ison  ( iVa )  thai  pioiiipled 
llis  eoniiiiis'.  or  rather  th;it  pronipteil  (iud 
in  sending;  llini,  was  to  secure  the  re- 
demption of  those  who  were  snliject  to 
this  frailty  .-.nd  snhordination  —  to  />i(y 
.'«/  from  the  dominion  of  the  law  those 
who  were  under  ii.  and  to  confer  sciishif 
upon  those  who  h.id  ln-i-ii  hut  as  slaves 
1.1  re;  that  he  might  buy  out,  as  lie 
.iul  hy  111-  dia'h  on  the  cross,  in  virtue 
of  whu'h  IK-  h.  I  inie  a  curse  <ef.  iii.  l.O, 
those  1  iirini,ir)i> .  Ji\\-i  who  were  under 
the  law,  that  i -nhordiiiaie  to  the  hi-t 
iLi'i-e.  tioi  coordinate:  the  '"huvinia;  out 
fioni  llu  e-n-i-"  ni  rr--ar-l\  ]irrei-ih  -  \]\.- 
^ift     111     >.,i>.!M.it     we.     |.u-    ;n!il  (iinlilis 

alike,   might   receive   the  adoption,    ;  .-. 

he  aeeepled  .is  llis  suns,  lie  i-  //,-,-  .Son. 
we  .in-  ill/. '/'/ii/.  hill  hy  ailoplioii  we  too 
|1m  i-..nu-  f' .il  -oil-  1  \  v.  (1.  'I  llu-  t\M) 
elanses  lu-ginnmi;  with  tlhit  ( o'o  I  corre- 
jImmkI  to  tlie  two  phrases  IwRinninR  with 


la. 


IVJ 


(5ALAT1AXS. 


247 


6  And  lH.can>i'  s.  nn'  -"tis.  (iuil  li.illi 
sent  forth  tlu-  Spun  .  i  ln~  Son  into  your 
iicarts,  cryiiiK.  Alil  .i.  I  .i;li<  r 

7  WliiTclMrc  ill'  'I  ai  ■    SI"  ^  ' 
M.iit,  I'ltt  ;i        ;  ■'U'\  if  a          '1"  " 

.S    1  low  licit    tlu  11.    wlu  ii 


Ml' 


II.  .t 


(„.il.  >i'  iliil  Miw.c  unto  tli.iii  wliiili  liy 
iialurf  .III'  no  i;"'!- 

,j  lliit  iiou.  .ilur  ih.it  \i-  li.ui'  Known 
(,.,|  or  r;itlHr  ar.'  kii'-wn  i»l  <i"<l.  how 
turn  \i-  .lU.'iM  to  tlu-  wtak  ami  luisyaily 
I  Ifiiiriit-.  wlitTcnnto  yc  lU-^tr*-  a«ain  to  W 

HI   l.o;iil:m<' ' 


/•o»)i  t  >€ I'o/ifroi' ) — in  invi-rtiil  onK  r.  lo 
llinisi-If  l)«oiiiiiiK  a  >oii  ot  mall,  IK'  niaki- 
it  i)o>-il>lc  f'T  nun  to  luoiiu'  ■-on-  ..t 
(;.h1:   l.v    Himself  Ik-iiu;    uiu'..  r   tl..    l  '"- 


Ul    1)11V    ■'111  lll'-i- 


1>  II 


Ik-  is  al.l 
unilir  it. 

6.    'lliat  tins  snu-lin. 
a  fact,  is  i>ro\c(l  !  >  ili< 
hearts  of  the   si>iiil.  wUku 
to  crv  I'li'lu  r!  (cl    Koiu  \ri 
i>  ihi-  spin'  of  -ou-lup,  ii.i\  It 

thr  .S.'ii  1  luu-cli  1 
Sou    iulo   !m-'"!a    1i.i~  1 


u  !i. 


ai  r 


llui'vy,  lint 
ni  tluir 
Ulll'.U  tl'rui 
1.11  llr- 

,  ,l,>lMl>h  .'f  the 
r   II  ~  Cl  lUiili  rparl 


are  no  longer  a  slave,  ihoimli  m  \our 
M.nuc   ..|    It'.     |.  vM-ii   ..il.n.l.ii  ivcr. 

loi  \o;i  arc  111  h.iMiiK  l;iM-  •'  »  .  but  >oii 
a  son;  and  if  a  son,  I'un  also  an 

heir,  r.-t   thi..Mv;h  h:i-h  oi   ii.lchi\   to  the 

1        '  1,,M,,",  j.  «  -     1U.1>      I.IIU  V,  llll! 

through  God,  who  in  His  iiu  ivy.  •hroiigh 
(  hriM.  a<lople.l  von,  1  he  l.mltv  icailiiiK 
,,11  uhu-h  A.  V  re-t>  ■lun-  of  (,o.l 
ihmuKh  Christ,"  nm  rist  upon  U.uii.  viii. 


spirit  of  thai  Son  into 
1  ;  the  \cry  same  wonN 
•crilie    hotli  -  ■  (o'l' 
of  the  Son  cannot 


the  (lespitih  111  ill 
the  iii'ln  I'hial  lu  .i 
;n-e     u-eil     to  'Iv 

h'l  lli.     I  lie  -V'nl   -  ,    .1       <  „ 

„„„  ,i„  lu.irts  ol  men.  imlil  the  Nm 
ll„,„,.li  has  come.   And  because  you  (.a- 

latiaiis  (in  ver.  5.  t''''-  l"-'  '"^  """'* 
..ersonall  are  8on«-their  eiacnlatorv  crv 
,f  ratlur  is  at  once  the  etTect  a'ul  the 
proof  of  their  soiiship-God  sent  forth 
the  spirit  of  His  son  into  our  i  n  i  ul. 
your:   Paul  knows  w.^l  tin-       '  " 
mTience.    hearts,    which    tries  Abba, 
Father.    It  i^  the  sfinl  that  cno  tlir,.y.^ii 
them;  in  Kom.  vm.   i?,  ■•  :c.-  ers       i  nc 
word  rrv  recalls  the  ecst.itic  spiritual  ex 
p.riciicc:  alln.K.l  to  in  i  /  "r.  m^-    •'  ' 
w  ,s   !•  Mis-  ,,uu  wonl   I  Mark  m\.  ,Vi'  ;  U 

h.  i.l  iiicu  t.iuuhar  lo  Ar.aiu.iic  (  hr.Mi.ni-. 
an.l  h.il  pass,,l  ip.iu  tin  in  M  Li..!-  ^p. 

i,  ,^;  ri,nsi,,uis  I  he  s,,„s  wlio  ii-  il  ihi- 
wor.l  u.inM  led  lluin-cKes  peculiarly  one 
uiili  //i  ■  ^iiu  "h,.  1m. 1  i..u:.;ht  them  to  use 

1-  ■,\,,ul.l  In-  natural  for  tliem  to  a-l.l 
p.  II  their  own  native  Creek  word,  lu-t 
as  wc  iniwlit  s.iy.  •■  Ahha.  lullln-r.  1  his 
l,K.,„l,ui;  .It  (.re.k  and  Aramaic,  in  a  c.iii- 
IcM  uhich  has  heen  ar«mn>;  t..r  the  ali.ih 
n,,ii  of  the  distinction  between  lew  ami 
(ireek  ( lii.  JX),  is  suKKestive.  tliouv-h  ..t 
c.uirse  this  is  not  the  n-asoH  for  the  juMa- 
l„,sui.,n  of  the  words. 

7  I'aul  cannot  ti'o  otteii  impress  upon 
his  *••  foohsh  ■'  t.alal.ads  that  iluy  are  s.^lls. 
-,-t  ...        I  .........   ,J  -    U'.df.  in. r 

came  — no  heiier  th.iu  si.iws,  hut  n.'w 
thcv  are  sons  Consequently  i  ,■  smc; 
God  has  sem  His  >,„,  an.l  the  spirit  ot 
His  s.iii,  you.  <»  man  the  imw  .lirctlv 
addrvs&cs  the  individual  man,  ct.  ver.  oi 


Tlh-  Cnin, 


I  1  \        1  1  I 


,!  ,nun.it.  il 
II  .iiMi  /i-';>  - 
,ii  s,iii-lup 
h,-  nothin« 
uiiihnii;  more 
1\   h.ick   11  1 'in 
I  is  jn-t  vyhift 
ih.ii  auMoits 
i    111,  Jewish 
It   a   way  of 
(he  w.irk  he- 
it   is  not  the 
1  ot  it  They 
thiA  c.in- 


tlu 


ihi  II 
•  w.  ak  and 
rite  .md 


ill 


The  wli'ili-  .aicnin.  !!•  li.is  h.  ' 
hv  ihe  coulrasl   l.i  iweeu   liu  n 
ihe   thru   .'I   sl,i\.r\.   the   u  : 
and    fr.'.!"iii.     I  lu  re  cuM 
111'  ire    t"i  'hsh     i  ni     1.    ,\K  u 
tr.i'^ic.  ih.tn  I'l  •.;■'  d.  lih.  r.ilr' 
lihi  rty  t'l  Imti.l.iK''.    ^  i^  ' 
the  dal. 111. Ills  ,11.'  .I'lMU  lu 
jr.  card    for    tlu-    l.sii.ils  ,.i 
I  ,-,il,  iMl.ir.       'ie\    im-hi  cili 
I  pi  1  iivM'.'.ii.       coiniil.  '.U'li  "I 
..,,11    nil.   ,\<  .   hut    111  I'aii! 
, ,  "lupii  tu '11.  hut   tlu-  nei;ati'i; 
niiist  either  be  slaves  or  soils, 
>  n,,t  he  both.    If  they  are  sons. 
!  must  be  dead  ( ii.  I<»>  to  tlio-c  " 
j  l„i\erly  stricken    elenu  nti'"  of 
i  ei  Ti  ill'  'iiy. 

8,   9.    'i  he   cimtra-t    h-:u..  u 
and   the    pr<-seiit    is    f.'rcilily  hn 
hv  A"''  .  .  •         But,  s.ius  .111.1  lulls 
aVr.   h"w'  .I'-e-   II  '-"Ui-' 

-  Then  indeed  in  your  ignorance 
of  God  you  were  enslaved  to  gods  which 
by  their  nature  are  no   .godsi     1  h.  v 

jwere   not    ni.U.il  hut    troui    1    t  or 

iviii.  4f,  \.  IV.  -o  it  may  h.   mf<  rr.-d  that 
'tl'iv    ni.'iv    he   C'.u-i.l.i.-.l    .1-    haxiim  s,,me 
'  K,nd  of  'icl  .MsMic-     11.  r,    t!u>  api-ear 
in    he    i.l.niic.l    uilh    ih.-    .hnuiit-  (ver. 
.»;    see   on    \.T.    ,V    -'uU    ~->r\tr.-    w.i-  p;i 
,hi-tic.  hut  it   was  cx.us.ihl.,  h.-canse  ren^ 
l,!,r,il  m  i,/;,'oiH.,-  ..I  tlu    triu'  tf«Hl.  But 
now  tlu-v  /,iui.>    l.i-ller;  th.->   ii.i^e  ColUe  t.. 
know  (i.'-.l  m  Christ;  or  more  strictly — 
iii.l   this   C'.rre. 'ion   reveals   the  deep>  of 
I'.o.ls     reliKi.iUs     nature -it  n-t  ^> 

iiukIi  that  they  know  (■.»!  as  that  lie  baa 


Jit 


p.i-t 
out 

Voll 


248 


OALATIANS. 


[Ch.  IV 


10  Ye  observe  days,  and  month*,  and 
times,  and  years.  .      ,  . 

11  I  am  afraid  of  yoii.  Ust  1  have  be- 
stowed iipon  you  labour  in  vain. 

1.2  Brethren,  I  beseech  you,  be  as  1 
um;  for  I  am  as  ye  an-:  ye  have  not  in- 
juri'<l  nic  at  all. 


I J  Yc  know  how  tliroiiRh  infirmity  of 
the  flesh  1  preacluil  tlic  n<)M)tl  •into  you  at 
the  first. 

14  And  my  ti'iiii>i.iiion  which  was  in 
tnv  lU'^h  ye  liopi-id  n.'t,  iior  n  jiclid  ;  Imt 
rwiveil  vw  as  an  angfl  ot  (mil,  .i.m  as 
Christ  Jesus. 


tluin 
(I  (or.  1.  51. 
Sibil-     ll"W  ' 
lia\  r  I'l'i  n  I  1  111 
10,    II.      I  111 

is    vi'iv  ^iii;ui-' 


t.ikiii  kiiowIidKi-  of  thcni.  they  are  known 
oi  Ihm  (I  I.  I  Cor.  viii.  3^:  their  reliRMUs 
M.indiiiK  i>  a  Kilt  (cf.  iii.  18).  not  an 
aolnevi  ini  nt.  The  whole  of  the  epistle  to  the 
Galatiaiis  niinlit  he  saiti  to  l>e  compri-ssed 
into  this  little  i-ornctivo  plira-.— cr 
ralher  known  by  1 1  hit.  Hew  is  it  that, 
having  come  to  know  God,  or  rather 
to  be  known  by  God,  you  are  turning 
—  the  process  is  RoiiiK  on  '  "<'' 
ytf  conti)lite  —  back  again  to  the  impo- 
tent and  poverty-stricken  elements  n  t. 
vir.  i)  to  which  you  are  again  desirous 
of  enslaving  yourselves  afresh?  II  -i- 
"elfiniMils"  wire  :mt"t<iil  U>  ilhii 
tioii.  UK  <lui;ii-  »/,/', -.v  \v>r>  .-iti.u-lu.l  !•> 
llir..U'.^li  in  Chn-t 

I .\\  is  siicli  a  fi  l.i|>-c  pob- 
,.,,lish  must  the  Galatians 

i!r-i-n|ition  ni  ilu-  nlap^o 
siivi  Villi  are  anxiously 
observing  tuuli  ilu'  same  i-ariU'-tiuss  ,-is 
til, It  Willi  whii-Ii  ilii'  iiu-niii-s  of  Jcsu.-.  h- 
-rrvid  llmi.  I.hIm-  xiv.  i;  same  word) 
spi.iial  sacrid  days,  such  as  the  Sabhath. 
and  months,  the  festival  of  the  lu-w  moon, 
and  c.tlur  fcsir  al  seasons  gtmrally,  and 
years,  ni-w  year's  <lays,  or  aniin.il  fosti- 
vals,  such  as  passovcr,  IVntionst.  lU-rc 
then  is  a  specimen  of  the  thins  wliuli  i'aul 
frars  ( vcr.  11):  tiie  passaKc  shows  that 
the  Jiwi^li  atiilaliiMi  liul  -lUiiiiUil  at 
least  in  inlroiliKniK  tin-  fr-li\.il~.  I  he 
siKiiUK-inl  thnii;  th.il  I'aul  tins 
lea'.iirr  of  Iiiil.ii^ni  praitii-.illy  on  a  level 
Willi  heathiiiiMn  ;  it  sKuery  to  the  "ele- 
ments of  the  uorM"  i\er  >>)  pr.iitiially 
a   uor-liip  of   f:il-e   K'"'^    '  '      '  '""^ 

vsas  tlie  el.  inent  ill  Jiul.ii>in  which  a|>- 
proache.l  iii.-l  cIomIv  "io  the  he.itlun  wor- 
ship winch  lliev  hail  nontinaliy  ahamloneil, 
aii.l  wi!ii  ihi-  tile  tlnn  eml  of  the  Jndai/iiiK 
weilce  w.Mil.l  he  ilriveii  in:  circiinicision. 
<tc  would  follow  (V.  21.  llow  (iariiiK 
>!,..  i!!.!!!  h;i\ c  1".'en.  •ind  how  complete 
emancipation,  who  could  ihns  speak  of 
svMein  111  which  he  had  been  trained, 
and  rcKanl  its  sacred  observances  as  prac- 
tical paganism.  No  wonder  that  he  is 
afraid,  as  he  looks  at  the  relapse,  at  the 
skill  and  vijior  with  which  it  is  promoted 
and  encouraged  by  the  Judaizers,  at  the 


his 
till 


cognate  elements  in  the  heathen  relipion  to 
which  they  can  make  their  subtle  appe.il. 
and  at  the  ease  with  which  the  "foolish" 
(iaiatians  "so  ipncklv  chaiiRe "  ( i.  (>).  I 
am  afraid  for  you,  lest  perhaps  all  my 
labor  upon  you  has  been  in  vain. 

.In  Affectionale  Atpeal  (iv.  12-20). 

At  this  point  the  aruutreiit  t.ikes  the 
form  of  ;i  m  r>  lium.in  appe.d  r.ml's  ar- 
viuneiits  are  n."  i  r  purely  ahstr.ict,  they 
ulo\\  with  the  I'Uetisitj  of  liis  own  re- 
Imion-  n.itur.  ;  nid  his  arnuiiient  in  this 
r|iisiK-  is  radi.ni!  \eitli  the  fervor  of  his 
eni.inciii.ition  from  I'le  law,  and  of  his 
sense  of  redemption  and  sonship  throush 
Christ.  But  lure  he  interrupts  it  with  a 
peculiarlv  w.irm  and  personal  messafjc. 
In  Paul  the  pastor  and  the  missionary 
■ire  never  lost  in  the  tin  oloniaii.  and  ii>  re 
he  .seeks  to  apjieal  to  the  better  heart  of 
tile  Galatians  by  recalling  tender  mem- 
ories of  the  affection  and  even  reverence 
they  ha<l  shown  him  on  the  occasion  of  his 
first  vi  it.  Those  dear  nlationshiiis  h.id 
been  distiirhed  by  the  Ju.lai.'crs.  wh.>  h.id 
presented  their  c.ise  with  such  assiduity 
and  plausihihty  that  the  (iai.itians  had  al- 
most coiiu'  to  look  upon  I'aul  as  tlu-ii 
enemv :  .-ind  his  s|iiriiu;il  tra\ail  for  theni 
h.as  to  he  lK«un  a,t;am.  If  only  he  were 
jwitli  till  ill  f.H-e  to  face,  to  speak  OUt  the 
I  .•itTection.ite  aiixietv  of  his  heart! 
I  12.  Become  like  me,  free  from  the 
Yoke  of  Jewish  ohservancc  —  in  the  con- 
tcM  that  seems  to  he  the  only  possible 
nil  allium:  — for  I,  a  Jew,  in  ridding  myself 
of  that  voke  (became)  like  you,  who  are 
(ientiles;  and  the  affectionate  earnestness 
of  the  appeal  is  clenched  by  the  words, 
brethren.  I  beseech  you. 

13,  14.  The  circiini-i  inces  of  raid  s 
first  visit,  which  he  jirocuds  to  recall  with 
sonic  detail,  were  such  that  the  (ialatians 
minlit  easily  have  been  teil  to  do  hiiii  Kss 
than  instice:  hut  you  did  me  no  injus- 
tice—far from  that,  they  Ka\e  him  a 
nnal  welcome  You  know  that  it  was 
oii  account  of  an  illness  (lit  \v<;.ikness 
of  the  rtesb)   which  detained  nie  in  Ga- 

latia.  that  I  preached  to  you  the  firrt 


Ch.  IV] 


GALATIAXS. 


249 


Wlu-re  »  then  the  blessedness    ye  i  out  your  own  eu  s.  an,l  have  given  th.  m  to 
spake  of:-  lor  I  bear  you  record,  that  .      ,  ,,„.ri.,,,r,  l.c.mu-  y-ur  etumy 

had  been  pos.iLlc.  ye  would  have  P<««=^«''  U^^^„,^'^T  tell  v'^^^       u  nh 


pake 


time  —  /.-,  on  till-  m-oa-ii«n  of  my  fir'-t 
vivit.  Not  '  I  l-natlied  f/ir.iMx'i  tm  «"« 
sfusi-  of  III  I  ititinuiiv."  ef.  I  Cor.  ii. 
but  "on  acic.init  of."  »'»  with  acciis. ;  but 
for  tlu-  duiiK'  aicideiil  of  Uls  lUtiess.  he 
would  nia.le  no  lengthened  slay  ni 

(,.dalia  at  all.  Hut  though  a  nnsMonary 
tour  tliroimh  (.alalia  was  no  part  -t  Iji-* 
plan,  and  tlinuRh  he  was  handieaiipe.!  I'v 
an  infirmity  which  ti>ok  an  olY.iwivc  torni 
If  though  there  was  nineh  to  r.ixl.  an.l 
little  to  altr.icl  th.>  (ialatiatis  to  I'.iul.  Ilu  v 
iK-havcd  noMy  l.oiti  tou,,rds  tlir  nun  ana 
his  niessaue.  And  that  m  my  flesh 
which  tempted  you  (v-io-  i.ini>i;i;ion ; 
not.  with  -1  l.'.v  MSS,  mvi  t"  r.-jjA-t  nir 
Willi  .li>i;nM.  you  did  not  despise  or 
treat  with  loatbliiR.  On  the  contrary 
you  welcomed  me  like  an  angel  of  God 

wli-   br--,i.-   K  1    ;id:nc^;    ''^'V    ^ ' ^U'it 

conu-d    i-u-    Willi    r.  v.  r.  iu<>,    like  <-nnst 
Jesus    l!iin-ilf,    n!io  i^   Iniiliir  than  the 
ancels  (!!■'•.  i.  -l'-    We  are  left  to  eon- 
i.ctnre    w^at    wa-    the    inf.rnnly   r.l  the 
flesh  whuh  niiulit  not  tnireasonahly  liavv: 
created  loathuiK  on  the  l)art  of  those  who 
\viini".d    it;    but    it    seems    natural  to 
idiiuifv  it  with  the  thorn  of  2  (.or.  xn. 
7  luhieh  see).    Some  have  ini.rnd  from 
vor    15  that  it  was        atTeoiion  of  the 
eyes;  but  that  would  liar<lly  tit  the  Mroni; 
language  of  this  verse.    Whatever  il  was, 
it  normallv  and  n.aturally  excited  disniist ; 
this  is  verv   powerfully  suggested  by  tlie 
word  ^JtirTiVare.  whetluT   we  interpret  it 
fignrativelv    or    lileralls     '■you    .hd  not 
sfit  out").    In   favor  of  the  literal  and 
intransitive  nuaniiiK'  is  the  fait  th:.'  every- 
where el.e  in  (irrek.  tin-  p.irlKUl.n-  e.iin 
p..i..ii.!    of    TrriuJ    i.spit)     |s    li->'d  hUi.iil>: 
t:,,-.  of    -oiirse   inmht    he   I'lily  .■leoideiilal. 
•is  ••Mur  eonipounds  ran  he   n-ed  ti)^nr.i- 
tivelv     In  ia\or  of  the  lijiurative  mean- 
inn  '  is     I'aid  s     known     hatnt     nt  re- 
peitini;  the  prepo-nion  in  adjacent  yoni- 
p,.;;,„l    woriN;    >i    ii.    4,    iraptu  — ,    11.  I.?, 
<rif—     If  the  literal  nieanin;,'  he  adopte.l, 
the  iniphealion  is  that  the  sickness.  W'lat- 
cver  it  w.is.  was  believed  to  be  contagions 
;;:-.!  spifiniT  wus  superstil'iously  siniposed 
to  be  a  s.ife-^;nard.    In  either  case,  it  is 
implied  that  the  appear.ince  of  the  siitTer.  r 
was  pitiable,  if  not  offensive.    This  wonld 
suit  the  theory  of  epileptic  seizure.  thoiiKii 
this  theory  is  aNo  not  without  grave  <lith- 
culties  (cif.  2  Cor.  xii.         The  more  hu- 


ll W.1-. 


miliating  the  iiitirnniy.  whatever 
the  iii'Tc  wonderful  uin-t  P.inl  api"  .ir. 
who.  de-pne  Ihi-  \>ry  uraNe  dis.d.dilv.  n.  i 
won  for  himself  .md  the  «o,|,el  a  p- o|-u^ 
on  wh.isi-  .ittenllou  .nid  v;i.itiinde  h,-  I1...I 
„o  peculiar  cl.inu-  Hie  ti.datiaii  reeep 
,„,n  of  I'aul  s|„,.ks  nruh  lor  hl»  IX'Wer 
and  for  their  .      n  h,  ,,i  •.  dues-, 

,5  i;,,!  ill,.-,  .I.u-  ..le  gone.  Wnert 
now  is  your  exuberant  joy  ni  me  ami 
mv  messa^.  I  n  •  Where  is  your  felicl- 
1,111011.  congr.iiul.ition  tic  <•! 
-.l\e-i^  Then  Iluv  OMUiteil  themselves 
halipv  to  h;i\e  hun  among  thetn.  F<W. 

„roof  of  ih.s.  I  bear  you  w^tntM  that 

Lso  great  was  \onr  love  for  me  — « 
possible,  you  had  1  .""^ 
fihatic)  torn  out  your  eyes  and  given 
them  to  me.   If  tos.ubU:   for  ihoM-;h 

,1    tt,,-  i.ossible  to  tear  them   ou'.   it  was 
not  possible  to  give   theui   to    IViul      I  n, 
pass.me    has    led    some    to    si,s,„et  tliat 
I'aul's    intirmitv   of    ilie    ih -h    «a-  ese 
disease.    Lipsiiis.  who  >uppo-,  -  11  to  li.ive 
been   an   affection    ol    th'-    lurs.-  ,,re..m- 
n.nii.d   bv   attack-   of   -|.,i-in-.   >et  .pi'-tcs 
Kre.ikel  as  reniarkini.'  tli.it  tin-  ,  1- :i-e  i- 
• -socnted    with    .an    niuaniiy    rolling  ami 
sparkhnir  of  the  .ac-     In  corroboration  .-f 
the  view  that   r.i'd  s  siwlit   w.is  ba.l  h.ivc 
!„.,.„    ur.4ed    the    Iari;etu>-    ot    his  wriltcU 
charac-ers    (  \  i     ill    and    his    m.al.llity  to 
recoeni/e  the  hiuli  pne-t  at  his  trial  ( .Vts 
sMi,  r.nt     it    may    he  doubted 

whether  anv  inference  with  regard  to 
I'anl  -  slight  m.iv  legitimately  hi'_  «lrawn 
ifr.w  the  pass.iue  before  us.  He  dm-s  not 
sav,  -vou  would  have  given  your  oun 
eves'  (for  i'M""-  is  not  emphatic),  mit 
simply  "your  eyes"  It  seems  therefore 
more  natiiral  to  interpret  the  phrase  m  its 
common  proverbial  sense,  as  an  exiires- 
sion  for  the  extreme  limit  of  self-sacri- 
tking  devotion.  ,      ,      1  ;„ 

16.  So  then,  to  iMd..;e  h>  the  dunv;.  m 
v.n.r  fe.-linv-  t,,u,.rd-  me.  I  have  beco.ne 
your  enemy.  h.i\'  I siinpl>  because  I 
told  you  the  truth,  lu  nre.iclinii;  .1  ^.'o-p.  1 
wlncir  .ab-olii,e!v  .,l,oh-h,d  all  o hhgalion 
to  keen  the    iewi-h   l.iu  :  the  tnilh  is^lh- 

Irnlh        ■■ic  ■■  •■    ••■  , 

ing  of  the  truth."  uhich  ni.nle  I  aiil  ap- 
pear .IS  iheir  eiu  inv,  li.c-  reler.  iice  neither 
to  tins  leiler.  winch  ih.s  had  not  yet 
read    nor  to  the  tirst   visit,  when  they 


/r;ih'nM>  .ill.  i-t  .\"n.  hill  tl"t 
v\.ii.  >t  .i.  ill.  >  v^.iiilil  I  sclutli  villi,  tlial  >o 
liii>;lil  .•itid!  liniii. 

iS    I'.nt  (/   i.«  I"  tn'  /taluu^lv  .11- 

fnliil    ,il\v:i\N    ill   1/   R<«"1  a«>»l  ""t 

oiilv  wluii  I  .1111  iiroi-nt  with  yi>ii. 


GALATIANS. 


[Cn.  IV 


ly  My  litiU"  chiklrcn,  of  whom  I  tra- 
vail in  t'irth  again  until  Chri-..  W  fortncil 
in  ytiu, 

JO  I  ilisirv  ti>  lie  present  with  you  now, 
an«l  to  cluiMKc  •»>'  voice;  fur  I  stand  in 
(Uinht  of  >■(!«. 


.  I  n  I  il  iiim 
-.mix    ilu  |-i  l'..ri-  t 
17-19.     Ilu-  ;i|..-tl 

«t!|l      llu  Until 
|"..I       [..ll!!-.!!!      .'.  i|ll|!li' 

ci  I ;  1  I  - 1  are  courting 
a  noble  way,  i. .r  ii  i-- 

ire  I'.ir.  it  K  11'  \ 


iitliM~i.i  -iii ;  ni  Ti  s 

......Mil    \l  lt 

^    c  ii  1.1  11  nil   <  'Illy 
, .  I  ^  i  .i  n-   1  'Illy 
They    (tlu-  Jii- 
you,  hilt  not  in 

ii.it  tU,-  tnilh  that 
"ur  /.  I/.'  iiiK.iiit.'i.m' 


I  ll.lt  i  In  V  >Cl  k  On  the  contrary,  they 
desire  to  shut  you  out  — a  viry  coni- 
imluiivivo  ami  Mi>;m-tivi'  iihraMv  It  is 
lint  -aid  frimi  v\liat  or  from  wlioiii  tin- 
Jn.l.ii/i  r>  are  <1« -irons  of  excltitiiiiK  the 
deluded  (iaialiaii-;  from  I  liii-t  (iml  in 
deeil  delilieralelv.  hut  that  1-.  in  .1  -<  ;i-e, 
the  effeet  of  their  action- I  ;  Irniii  tin- iriiili ; 
froiii  all  le.ioliinK  liWe  Paul  -  that  i>  o|'- 
)ii.-<il  t.i  tluir  own;  from  the  laru.;  lili- 
iily  I'l  the  go-pel;  from  the  C'hri-li.iil 
(  li'ireli.  'I  lie  \erv  v.i^iien.  --  .>f  tlu'  iihiM-i; 
1-  -il.t,'Ue-ti\e.  I  luir  |)iilu  \  1-  oii>  ol 
-liilttillK  out.  <M-.  '/(.I'l;  .■  inilil^'-  tlie  UrlKT- 
011-  iiitlusiii-  jii'licv  III'  r.  1  .  .mil  tliiir 
mot    is   simi'lv    that   you   may  court 


them,  run  ;ilter, 
ci.'ii-  iiilcre-t  ill 
111   the  hope  thill  ill.  ' 
till  III-. 'K  e.^  to  llieiii.  .1 
n  pr. -enlativi'-  ot  tin 
\;iti.i|i    (  in.       ).  Ze.r. 
■  if    k'liiiv-..    ill  ii-.ll 
.l.Miii-  to  li:i\f  I'  al-o 
1!  .    ( iiilali.iii-  ti 
ill  till-  e.i-c 
i-i-e<l  in 
if  their 


till  111,     1  li.  ir 

ii>  i-  iii-iiiri.l 
im1.ii  i-iii-  may  alia,  h 
the     .U.'.Mles  ami 
■  eoiiii'i.  !  i  "  salv.'i- 
.11-    intir.'-t    is  not. 
.  l.jeetionahle ;  Paul 
iiid  it  is  flood  for 
the  oh.ieet-  of  it.  since, 
M-e.  tmlii^c  the  .'thcr.  it  is  excr- 
,1  ih'hic  -pherc,  ;'.<'.  in  ihe  siili.re 
real   interests  —  liluiiy.  -,ilvatii>ii 


But  it  is  good  /  <•.  profitaldc,  to  be  courted 
(p:i-s.  not  middle)  in  a  noble  cause  at 
ALL  times — zealous  friends  m.iy  he  a 
hlessinn.  if  their  cause  is  a  ii.'i'd  one; 
Paul  would  not  Rrud^e  ih-  (ialaiiaiis  siuli 
friends  in  his  ahseiiee.  hut  11  is  clear  that 
it  is  liim-elf  he  is  tliiiikiiiK  of  as  their 
trii'  friend,  .  .  en  when  he  is  ahsent.  There 
he  "court-"  tlitiii.  pursues  them  with 
piin.Ts  :iiul  wriiuii  entre.ities.  and  not 
only  when  I  am  with  you.  my  little 
children,  with  whom  I  am  in  travail  for 
the  second  time,  until  Christ  be  formed 
in  you.  The  d.i.iimitive  irfufia),  -Jiiil,- 
children."  cominon  -n  John,  is  not  loiiml 
elsewhere  in  Paul.  I'nt  .1-  it  .ulinir.il'ly  ex- 
presses Paul's  "maternal"  solicitude  for 


hi-  -iiiritiial  iliiMr.n.  it  .-eem-  unnecessary 
t.i  -ul'-titiile  till  II  the  c.iuiiiioiier  rtkra 
(ehil.lnii).  llnoiijili  the  ■lolly"  of  the 
(ialaiiaiis.  it  i>  as  if  the  children  whom 
I'aul  had  already  hroti>jht  to  the  hirth 
had  to  he  horn  over  aijain.  Chri-t  has 
tf)  "assunie  form"  in  tlutii ;  a-  yet  that 
form  is  unde\el.iped  and  hai.l'>  r. .  oyni/a- 
hlc. 

30.  Paul  feel-  how  Uliahlt  he  I-  to 
say  with  tlu-  pen  to  the-.-  imiii.ilure 
••cliihlreii"  all  that  is  in  hi-  lu.irt.  I 
could  wish  I  were  with  you  at  this  mo- 
ment, and  changing  my  voice  ir  iii  the 
-i  v>  re  and  stern  tone-  I  «  a-  comiiell.  il  I" 
ail.'pl  oil  ui>  -.■.■"ii'l  vi-i'  I'er.  H'l  '  -  tlu' 
.leciiit-  of  all.  .11. III.'!.'  i  \.  r.  I'M  .M"'- 
tel.itiou;  for  I  am  perplexed  about  you. 
I  liis  par:ii;raph  eml-,  like  the  la-t.  with 
an  expri--ion  of  aii\ioii-  f.  ar  1  \ .  r.  11; 
which  -er\i-  to  nniiii'l  11-  'h.i'  'I  1-  no 
all-tract  tlieoloi;ic.il  pr.'I'Kiii  I'aul  1-  di-- 
I  ii--iii;,'.  It  i^  the  nu  n  rather  than  the 
priihliiii-  ili.i!  lie  lie. ivy  upon  his  heart; 
hu  writ.-  Ill-  Kit.r  in  the  interests  of 
I  he  spiritual  emaiicipaiiun  of  misguided 
men. 


Slir.rs  and  Freemen:  an  Allegory 
(iv.  Ji-31). 

After  the  warm,  personal  appe.il.  the 
thread  of  the  arniinieiit  is  reMinu  .1 ;  or 
rather  the  argument  is  restated  in  the 
form  of  an  allegory.    Paul  is  pleading  for 

freedom:  his  Ofiiioneiits  are  eunihasizing 
d.  scent  from  Alirali.nii.  P.uil  ;  ikes  them 
on  tluir  oun  sjround.  uoes  1.  u-k  to  ;lie  story 
.'f  .Miraham.  aii"l  p.". 11-  oni  that  .\hraliam 
had  /:c"  ^oIIS — l-liiiKul.  iIl  ii-iniral  child, 
••  accrdiii'-;  to  th-  l'  -h."  .ud  l-aac, 
the  :iiicrn.i!ural  child  "of  the  pruniKO." 
I!v  alle;;i  iric.-d  interprel.iti.'ii,  h.'  C"iiiiects 
the  form.  r.  the  >oii  .if  the  sla\ c-w .  niian. 
with  Siii.n  and  ihr  -I.imtv  of  the  l.aw  — 
the  tviie  of  s.iii-hip  to  which  the 
I  r-  <■• 'rrc-ponil.  L  in  i-l  laii-.  mi  the 
ither  hand,  who  underst.'md  the  euiaucipa- 
tioti  which  Chri<t  secured  for  tlu  in  (  v.  1) 
are,  like  Is.i.i.-.  .  liildreii  of  promise  (iv. 
js)  and  children  of  freedom  (ver.  31). 


th.-it 
Jiula 


Ch.  IV] 


0ALAT1AN8. 


251 


21  Tell  mc,  yc  tliat  (lf>irc  t  >  be  iiivKr 
the  law.  <lo  yc  nut  luar  th.-  law ' 

22  VoT  It  IS  written,  that  Abraham  Im<1 
two  sons,  the  oik-  by  a  bondnttid,  the  other 

by  a  frii-  woman, 

M  Hilt  hv  '  ti  i'i-  of  live  bondwoman 
w:k  born  afttr  the  tksh;  but  he  of  the 
fn .  ^solium  I'.tts  'ly  promise. 


24  Which  thing*  are  an  alJegory ;  lor 
tht  ro  arc  the  two  covctuntt;  the  one  from 
the  mount  Sinai.  whkh  jjcndereth  to  hood- 
agf.  which  i*  Agar. 

^5  For  this  Agar  ui..  )  i  hmai  in 
Arabia,  and  answcreih  to  Jtrit^aUm  which 
now  i»,  and  is  in  bondage  with  her  child' 
ren. 


ai-aa-  Tell  me  — he  rcMitnt-;  with 
Kn-at  (bucnu'^-i,  viyor  :iiu!  al.nir  lu  -- — 
those  of  you  who.  i.ihlrr  ilu  mil  luo  "t 
the  Jiidai/irs,  desire  to  be  subject  to 

the  law.  V""  ••■>''■" 
or  do  you  not  understand  ( lor  '"'""^  ni 
tliis  sense,  cf,  1  O  r.  xiv.  2)  the  Uw? 
—  hire  in  tlu  sense  of  the  whole  Pcn- 
tatendi'.  as  wluit  follows  is  taken  from 
the  narrative,  not  f.i>m  the  leRal  part. 
I'anl  demolishes  their  argument*  by  means 
of  iho  verv  law  to  which  they  had  ni.a.le 
their  appeal.  For  Scripture  says  that 
Abraham  had  TWO  «oiu.  It  uas  n.  t 
eiiuugh  th  n  to  in>ist  np.iii  de-aiu  troiti 
Abraham.  The  real  .|iK>Uon  wa^. 
"Whicll  of  the  sons  did  \hc  (jaianan> 
sembl 


I'?"  for  one,  Miniael.  \va-  by  the 


slave  handmaid,  and  one,  U.iae.  by  the 
free  woman.     Tliev   miulit   he   Alaaliam  s 
sons  and   practically   slav.  s    |.  r   all  thai. 
Those  two  sons  repre-siiiteil  U\o  n/^iS  <<t 
sonship.  the  iK-lily  and  th-'  -pir''-':''- 
n.-itnral  anil  tiu'  Mipn  nalnval.  uu-  law  ai.il 
the  promise.   Howbeit.  -  ■  -  Al.rabam 
thcv  both  were,  the  oi  e  by  the  hand- 
maid, is  born  i  and  liir  d.iur.  iu-e  lielwvril 
him  and  bis  l,r..i!)>r  i>  an  al  idn,;^  oiu  ; 
perf   t>;i>v  i  according  to  the  flesh,  that 
1-   his  i,inli  V,  .i-  lucnlv  a  natural  event; 
but  the  other  by  the  free  woman  is 
b..iii   through   promise.    Isaac  s   paren; s 
wei-e    aned;    bis    birth,    which  humanly 
si.eakim;    seemed    impossible    (de:..  xyn. 

was  ;iie  divine  fulnlmeiit  of  a  divine 
(promise,    ilence  he  is  a  child  of  promise 

(.ver.  28).  ,     ,   , ,    ,1  1 

34.    At  once  follows  tbe  '  dd  .dleKonca 
application  of  the  story,  \\  .  b  is  oiten  l 
without  apology,  as.  to  I'aul  and  bis  eon- 
temporaries,  such  an  interpretation  ot  tlic 
Old  Tesument  was  ,is  leiiitmiate  as  r  v. as 
familiar.    Now  these  things  hsve  an  al- 
legorical sense.    I5esides  the  onj;inal  lus- 
toric  sense,   which   was   not   .Unicd,  the 
narrative    was    .mUo    reuarded    as  id.vi/ii,' 
something  i-Lu-  (d.Wl'Vop.i^i,  as  poi.unDj;  u. 
somethinK  deeper,   more     niritnal    (ct.  t 
Cor  X    It).    'Ihen  the  Ik.M  leap  is  taken' 
for  these  women  represent  two  cove- 
nants.   Of  course  no  pr.»of  is  or  c:in  be 
offered  of  this  statement,  it  is  simply  an 


iilh-Hnrual  interprelatiim.  whose  Keimis  is 
to  ••  say  somethiiiK  else."  stmiethinu  sim 
liar  to,  but  profounder  anil  more  spiritual 
than,  the  oriKinal  st.itenieiit.    Hut  though 
all  alleBi>rieat   iiiteriiretatioii   is  aihurary, 
uiid  a*   Luther  says,   in   tins  eoniuctioii 
"' too  weak  for  jiroof."  it  is  maiiipiil  I'eil 
here  with  ureat  pouei      1  be  slue  .nid  the 
I,    •  man  could  iioi   hut  suee    t  io   I  aiil 
th.    tiri.it  eonli.i-t,  of  which  ll.    rpisiK'  's 
lull,  belwoii  tb>-  law's  s!a\.    .n  d  (  !aisl  s 
free  man:  ami  this  U-.l  |.>  .111  lasy  ir.insi- 
ij,,.,  (o  t!  .    c-iina-l  IhHv  t  il  M.iinit  filial 
.„  1  ,he  lua^.::K   J.r.i-..!.'P    /lb'  ..■'■tr,|st 
1     ,,,,,1  tlu    lu-  c.  .iiM"'     is  Ki..piiKally 

V  e  with  its  origin  on  Mount  aUw' 
bearing  children   for  slavery.  sub- 

iiCinu  i!  adher.iits  t.>  tbe  bondage  of 
and  this  covenant  is  Hagar. 
1  hi-  Sinai  cowii.iiU,  assoeiiUed  as  1'  l» 
wrh  ibe  law,  is  the  mother  of  i/.i.  ci.- 
ii  „  tliis  that  i*  adinnbratid  and  typitie.l 
by  lla«ar.  herself  a  slave  and  tbe  niotber 

of  a  slave.  11, 
35.     The  t'lrst  claii-e  of  ver.  .'.S  i-  cU-,,ii> 
intended   to   clench   this   ponit,   h 'i  nn 
fortuiLltely  both  tlu-  red       and  tlu-  pre- 
cise nienniiiK  aiv  d..nhn   :     \v>-l..'tl  and 
Hort.  and   .\,    K.   V.   r     !     ;  .\  -  -c    <  0. . 
this    ||;i'4ar    1-    nioiint    Sii.al    in  \ra!.M-. 
Ml  „d,  and  A    \    r- ad -.   ■  /       i-."""  ''"^ 
ll;.,,r      e'c"     >-nie      MSS      oiii  t  -,ap 
(llayaV)    rcadinj.;    s:,np!y.    "  b'or    .'-ina:  i^ 
a  mountain  111  .\i.i!c,.,  "  or  -  ni.nn.t  .>s:tiai 
i,  i„    \r,,i.i.i":   ailil  it   i-   t  -illl>!lll«  to  ,11).- 
,„,.e  Willi   ku.dall  •■th..l     A-.iiP  w.is  prob- 
,-,hlv  an  >ir.  r  1:1  l ran->  1  .p- i-'U  l-T  tbe  oriK- 
-,(ip,  -  ,  r  e\.  n  tl.  .t  "i"?  drew  A-yap 
iiuo  tlu-  t.M      1  lie  presence  of  the  word 
/'u'-ur  liowi\>r    -ceiiis  necessary    to  tuc 
,r-'nnuiu;   and   the   best   readuiK   is  that 
;.do,iH  ,l  bv  A.  K.  V.  (and        H.)  -  now 
the  (name)  Hagar  means  Mount  Smat. 
in  Arabia:  in  other  words.  '  -Kar 
\rabic  name  of  Sinai  — a  fact  which  Paul 
;..   !...._..  K;:--^-'-;!  durtni-   bw  r.-sidene. 
in"\rabia  (i.  17).  and  a  wil.  -ii..  corrobo- 
ration of  the  allegorical   e.xpbm.itton  in 
the  prexious  verse,  of  Hagar  as  the  inni 
i  covenant.   The  Hagarencs  had  their  uome 
1  in  Arabia,  and  in  Ps.  Ixxxin.  6,  are  men- 


252 


OALATIANS. 


[C'u.  IV 


.1,  I'.ut  J>  iu-;il.  in  wtiii-h  i-.  .-i'  -'M'  i- 
fi,  ,  .  nhi.  li  Is  llii'  iib'tluT  "I  all 

:-     r'.T  It  IS  vMittrii.  Ki|Mi,i,  liar 


,.8   N'..»  \s. ,  l.v.  ihrcn.  as  Isaac  wu^  ir« 

tin-  iliil.lrci!  iif  incini-r. 
jii   liiii  .IS  thi-n  lie  that  wns  bom  alter 


!r.,il.  f..rt!i  ..-i.l  iiv.  tl. -Ii   |..  i-cciili»l   htm  lh,lt  S»'i«  *.'»« 

„„,„  ■,,,,,  ,,,,  .,,1. -1  „..i:  i.T        .1. -■I  II.'  liter  itu-  ;>i'im,  i-vi-n  M.  i<  k;  now. 
Iialli  ina'.iv  iiI'T,-  i-liiMrni  tliaii  -la  wl.  ill 

lialh  a  hii^lt:iml   —  


ti.MM.I  v.rU  liii  !-litii.iiIii.-i  a-  miiiilH-rs 
a  .  ..111.  .1.  i.u  \    wli.-f  <.lij"''-t  llii- 
sinuif.ii    e.i'  Isra.l     a    f.n-l    wliuli  in" 
tl.  iilallv    illti-ir.ii.  s    \hv  ••  i>.  r-.  I  .II1..1' '  i 
w!iU-li  "Paul  nlVr.  m  v      j'l.  tli-' 
<.l    tin-   |ir..tiii-r  |.\ 

'111.-    U..I.1  Ill  l:i 


,  '•  Kejoice,    thou   barren  that   dost  not 

bear"— ill.'  i.l.  >       >.ir  I'l  m  l'-'^' 
!  ,,,  ,..|,„l   ,,t    I',,  il.         Ih         (I  ill. 

V,  1  :i'U  in  O'.r  ■■\ 

I  ,  ,1  I-  I,.,!    .      ■  'i.  '    l  in;  ■  ll    H  i.    l-.ii  ill   ll     -'  I 

!     break  forth  ;  ■       ^  '  i;  and  shout,  thou 

Iwhii  ilost  not  trav.-iil  v.  i':  » l!!!.!r.  n  .  for 


.k,  III. 


t..  .1. -I.UIl  .tr  Ill-Will  >!li..l.  l!.- 
j..     11.1     iilluT     .  .  •lllll  lll.lll' '11  lit 


II      \l.r   .  iwu..   ..u.^i    ..y^.   ■■  • 

I         I  ,  ,  ,,  many  arc  the  chiMren  of  the  desolate, 

,,    i!,.,  .  1,   t'.,!,  Iinore  tlian  i'.    ■  of  her  who  has  a  hus- 


And  i  band  .  I  -. 

in-t   1,. .  I.        iililii  ll    !:i      -I"'!'  _ 


liv.  11  I  lii^  is  the  <U'*Uliy 
■>     niutlur    JiTitalrm,  our 


!   •  «     ll-lL.  ir    W    -.1        .1-     111-        ..11.     l.H  Illilll  11       .1   ■   . 

tl,  M.-i  t  -iM.  I.  corresponds  to  Hit.  l-M^...^.  r.  S<-,.!1  .-..i.t  iHr,..o,t.d  .  v.  r.  2.,) 
V.    Ih      ■■'.1.    I..V.    ..r  cluiiui   u.ilw    the,.i...u.  si,..  utU  ..„e  day  lie  i-Miul-w  :.nd 


Jerusalem  that  now  is,  that  i-.  im  .artlily 

1,1  n^.iK  111.  i.-ii-i.li  ml  .1-  '!ii'  l.i  .ili|''.'rt'  rs 
'..I  lii.i.ii-tii  I  he  p. .1111  "f  iiTi.  siiiiiuleiK-e 
|„u\,,ii  r  1  .11. il  J.riival.lii  i-.  t  i-' 
IHM   ,1;,.;  ,     ',i..',\s.  ill  the  slaMTV  <'f  tin  ir 

r,  .liiMi.  ii;  for  she,  th.n  i-.  J<r'i- 

s  Kni,  is  in  SLAVERY  with  her  chil- 
dren, 1,1  sla\.ry  to  U  i,al  observances  ( ver. 

'26.  But  the  lie.ivetily  Jerusalem 
above,  as  .-..in;  -!,.l  wuh  th.il  ttlii.li  1- 
Ii.re  aii.l  imu.  is  FREE  ir.  iu  the  >..'k,- 
.,1  the  law,  anil  iiiilml  Ivm  every  ..tlir 
\,,ke,  and  she  is  OUR  mother.  .\,,or.!- 

■,,m.    v.    ei  .111,  mil- .!  .iry    Ji\vt-.li    i.U.i-  ih'' 

I,  1,  ,1  h  ni-.il.  111  ..'l  .  Illy  e\l-U-.l  111  llir 
j,,  .,,,,1  u..m1,|  ..lie  .!.iy  ll— .-i-r.il  i.iil 
,,l    h.  I;, .111    (;."1    1,1      Ki--      •'^'vl-  -'• 

II,  1,     ,,,  i,.    i'.iiil   I'iis  .liy   is  al 

1,,.-.  ■nli'l.        !•     1  III  I''''.  '>>• 
,  M-'iii'.^    l  lir;-!i,.ii   iliniJi.    .\li,.i.l\  tli.i-,; 
,\ !     ,    1...:  Il  IS  il '  I  In  1-1  .11  •■  I  I'll'.  -'"I-  "• 
lh,.r  111, .ill  1    1.  .  i-.il.  ill  till-  lii-li 

..i  h,  mill. nr.;  ill'-  virse  with  "  .-iiul  i  lu- 
i.tlhr  i-  ."s.iiali"  HI.  \er.  J4 1  and  Mruly 
u,,!|.  v.il;  mit  llu-  euillr.i-l  l.rtw.  eii  lla^.ir 
.iiiil  ."s.itali.  tile  I. Ill'  lu-iriuK  eliililreii  i"V 
vl.very,  .ill'!  e. ,11 1 -liinnliii^;  '"  e.irililv 
J.-rnsaletn.  ami  liie  i.bur  I'lMinm  eliililr.  11 
fur  Irve.li.iii.  and  ei  .rre-ii.  .ininii.;  I'l  t'"' 
h.avenlv  Jeri>.ileiii.  I'aiil  si„ti,K  i.ik.-  11, • 
the  contrast  l.eiueell  tlie  tun  J.  i  ii-.iii  r.> 
27.  llu-  lliiiucht  '  f  Ihe  new  Jerii-aUin 
kiiulli's  Ills  iiii.iuiii.i'i'.ii  ill-  rei-ali-  on 
.if  llu-  .un  .d  pas-au.  -  Ly  which  the  eNiles 
were  iii-iunil  in  Hilivlnii  web  ''"  ■'- 
siir.ince  that  tluir  .1,-, 'lalfil  ,mU  u..  '  .l  I" 
ji. .jiiili  .lis  ay.iiti.  .111.1  In  ~' '  -  I'l  '  .  ■'■ 
l.r.iiihccy  of  tlu  'j,"' "  " ' -„ 
Christi.iii     ■      •  " 


1 1  imtipli.inl. 

28.  'iliis  )jtori..i!s  vi-ii'ti  till-  aiM.-lIe 
wishes  til  write  ui>oii  the  llll,l^•  i-.ition  .md 
ilie  hf.irt  iif  I'!-  I'M.lish  t "m;  iii  ins,  .tiiil  to 

I.  rinu  1  .ine  in  tln'in  the  -ilise  of  tntir 
lili.ir  !  ),  ill  tills  lieavetily  citv.  Now 
you  (till-  i-  11V.'.'  sinkiiii;  .in.l  ,tT,,'i\e 
lUnn  T.r.  .•ind  1  iirohaMy  ■  .■n,,!  li;  .imh 
,„,i   ,|.,,.,  .11  il  1    brethren  - 

with  r.,'  1       ■   1  -      ■  '     I'l  •■'■^'i- 

ii'<  lit  -  are.  like  Isaac,  children  of  prom- 
ise:   IS  !„  il  \,i-   111   t  lin-I.   >.>■!.  liiiiliKs 

II.  ,  I,  Ih.iii  .1,  w-.  I'Ui  your  l  uth  M  the 
i.;r:n-i..:i-  ji'  1111-r  ..l  I....1,  .n  .1  n"u  tlur.'- 
l,,i-,.  v,.ii  .,r.-  iliiMrvii  1.1  tlu-  new  Jertl- 
-.il,  iiu  V,';-.  ll       111  .'. 

29.  But  '1;  ii'iy  nii.ats  itself.  There 
u  as  (iersi  eiilii.il  then  in  tliose  old  days  to 
vvhiih  the  al',-.J..ry  I'nes  L.uk,  and  there  is 
IH  r-eeittion  -till  The  thiiiil  is  itievit.ihte  ; 
tiif  the  two  tyi'-^.  rriiriseiiteil  hy  Isliinael 
.■iiid  Isaac,  ar,-  diaiiu  incalK  ..n".-.  il.  tiiii- 
tii.illv  .  .s.'ln  i\e   (cf.  V.    IT'  :    ''  ■  >  .."i""' 

i  l  ,'  ,.'/.■.'•  ;\er.  .till.  Just  as  in 
those  days  M.  .  .,  1.  the  (child)  born 
after  the  flesh  t ,  i  \  r  J.?  >  persecuted 
l-aa.-.  the  1  child  born  1  after  the  sp-rit. 
so  also  lis  it  1  to-day     tin   Jiw-  ]>ei-r- 

i-iite  the  I  '■  ■■-•i;i-  -      I'ril  kiu-w  will  v,liat 
iliis  |ii  r-ii--'t  .  ;i  11'.  .;ii;      lie  h.nl      ''i  h'ln 
' It  11 'r-ii.  .1  l'\   till-  vvi'h  liilti-r  ami 

t:iri,"iti,-al  oiijio^'iii'ii.  as  llie  Imnlv  ot  .\cls 
jevervwhere  attests  (cf.  xiv.  j,  ly.  .xxiii.  IJ 
::T:i!  tlute  iimV  ::]-■  l-.-  '"t.-  a  'aeit 
I  rvl'i  rt  ii,-e  I"  the  iliM iirl ..I'u  i-  .iinl  C'lnfii-iou 
I  .-..'.l-cl  ill  (lalalia  h\  the  Jml.ii.'ers  (i.  - ;  v. 
i  1,1.  l-'i  Xi.'hiii'.^  IS  -.liil  111  ( ieiiesis  of  a 
1'.  i-,',  iiti. in  i"f  Isaac  hy  l-hiii.u'r.  .it  most  it 
\\,i>  .1  case  of  ■  m.H-kinii,"  tdeii.  xxi.  y> 


cluirch.  ^For'"  Scripture    says:  I  111.  ii'.iih  the  margin  of  .\.  R.  V.  is  no  doubt 


Cb.  IVj 


(JALA  HANS. 


.11      Ml  li 


Nrvrrth.         wJi.it  saith  th.'  S.Tii>  iti'  l  I 
tiiro?    CaM  trtil  til.-  Um.lw.mtaii  ..lul  li-r  tiMti 


„„,ri-    (.  I     .  t  « I-             in-       It  i- 

v,.ry  i-r..!  ..!  ;>•  tl                   "  ,V 

,,,;,,„,,.  1  ...  sti.rii-  ot   1-liili.ul - 

|,.„1  .,M   'vi.!..!  I-.i:u- 


.  .         I'm-  . 
ii.i-    1'    I.  ."-^ 
h  ill  !■  T  llu  ' r- 

■A':\\  I    111  .1-   '.-  II' 

i  l-ir  ill. it  A'.    ■ ,  .'  ■  , 


\o!  t  It  what  docs  the  Scripture  mv?    '  ■!    i  u 


.•i-k-    I'.i      mmi-.i>li..iiii> ;   t'-r  «h.i_  _ 
.S(  nptun-     ■.IV'*    will    111-    il>  "  '"^ 

out  the  handmaid,  ii  «i>^.  and  her". i, 
for  the  Bon  of  the  handmaid  shall  in 
wise       Mn>  inherit  with  the  son  of  i  <• 
free  woman."   S.ir.iir-  ia.^.  u..i.1-,  ■• -i 
ii..t    inherit    witli    "ly  .  ',  ""  ,  ' 

Isaac"  (tKiv  xNi.  !"»  ar--  -^iliulh  .m..i1' 
by  Tatil.  ><•  a-  t.i  u)\  nii..  !inr  vmiIi  lu- 
arKUiiH-nl:  In-      ni-i-i:nu  ■  i"  >iii..Hi 

l.ilitv  of  -U\Krs  .11.1  IP  -1  •111. .'  I  1 
of  the  l;iw  atul  t'.'''  M"'"  ■■• 
It  is  diliu-iilt  t"  t-""«         III'  r 
niore    tin-    ilt^iKlit    .t       '  fourv,; 
proniptid  >  !■  .""'i     1  • 

i;i.lu-.-illv    i-.-i     ■-■tiii^  t\ln 


I,' 


\l.t  ■\;.ti}\.  ^ 
l-r   !   -      .       ■  "■ 
u,..    ,r   1.1,  ■   I      \'  ■  I 
■  ,  ,   ...   .  .         I-.. I. 
',!,■..  I   1,  ,  'l    .  :m  '■». 

•  .  ,    .  ,  ,.    V  ,  ,    I,    k..|ii  I  i:ti!'> 

I  li   -  \'""'' 

f.\     \.t:\].     U'.::     II-  ' 
.  '"1 1  n-nt  111.  r'  il  I'li ' 
k.    I'll    U    111'-'  I 
(.J...;,.  Ill-        ■  ■!    It    I  1 

1  .i-l-iu 
.  •<;        ^  '     .  1  It  !l  \'. 

.  .M   tilf    ■.111)"  "     1'  i.  I    ■  'I 

!.,iiii  l.\  .i|'i'<  .I'li'v;       t'l''  \ '  '  .  "  ' 
,|„iit    'li.it  .Xlir.ih.im  li  i'l  '."«''  -        '  ■ 


■i-,  iiii-r 


ililV 
"if 

•  in 
,'iiih 
.  »l.r.i- 
jMi  f.irt 


I 


J  J  1  ,  liip 

i.-.ii   .|iu-ti.>ii         «!i<-llur    '•    I-  I-"<' 
;    MniKi.'l  Hi-  r.-Miiil.!.-;  ..ml,  ;t  M.in  "  L  'l-^' 
,1    H,.  -h:i1I  tu-  ..lit."  -  .ill- -Oil  I-  v  -',  '•■  •"I 

]  |,!!i  .;iin»  ;i|iiili.-.i' i.  .-1   "t   ,111.  .'li.  I    t'  -.t 

,;„,  ,(.,„.  NM.  I. .),•■»., -I  -  it  111.-  '■.■'i.!"-"ii"i 

"h  •.ini^^aiu!    ii.r    ..i-.-    1'..  il    lii-l    'y'  >'-^" 

.r..:u  „,..ni .  '  lu  -.i^'n;.^    a... -.u. j in  ^ ;  '::::;r;,lx 

-  H  '.:i-t  H!.-  i':.i  u,:.-  -i  .ii— i.y. 

,  n.lmciiii '.  ..i,-;.Ur.ns    li-'t                *  '  ;.„„,       ,,  ..  ,.,r  ,1„-  i.u-  ,.t  !.«.ili-in  n.  t'.u- 
ll:,.  iM.ii.l-,-..  1    .,•  -i.in.'.s  m    h.-  .ill.  -  -.-    '  '   ,  ,  ,  ,  ,       ,„„  ,„■ 

,!„-  otatum.     C:.^t  .  V".;, -  .  I. tl,.>  t,,  th.-  .m...,-.-M,.-n.  .-.1  ii..|ii;ta- 

K-r  -.in.'  at,,   t.i  m...,-  mm-     l.              -                         j,„,,,,,,,.  ,„..  S.-Hi.tm.  -.nth 

wag.-.l  "I"."  »'a"'  tl.it  th,-  |...ii.|tna,.l.-,i  ami  ti.r  >..i-  "vi-t  i.o 

hh-  «ar.    ••A'.v.iv  ~   ^  V   .i"  ,  i --..-I  •  .nt 

the  man  will"  iiiaini.:  ■  ■!                     '    !  .      t ■. ,•! -,.1,-riiii:    tli-'   r,-\ ,  r  -iu-.-    wi'Ii  wliu-h 

v.nvhii,  t.i  Al.r.-ih.-i,,..  _r  ■        ;                        r.l..!  th-  (  >!.l   I  .     ,.i..-ii- .  an.!  llic 

tilth,  !.,•.^.th.^  u  -'1-   1,,.                1..  ,t  t.. 

31.   Wherefore,  brethren     ,h-  -  j!  •  ,,,,  j,,         .....t.  vry 

infereiu-e  i..  '    ,  ^        ,i.!,r.!..'  afl  •  -i---t..1      I  L'    1  ■•^  ''>v!ar,-d 

we  are  Children  not    ,.k,  i ."l,,,;   ,.„,....,  .n.  .n  t!--  'If-  

^lave  handmaid,  m  '"^'V'. of'  he  if  ■.'ti...,:  i.'h  i    i-  l.-'-!-"^  "",  ' 

Oman  that  is  FREE;  -i.-.ntit.u  .l^Mnn    .;. ..,  • ..!  .  1 1,^.. 

'>---^-  -v^'^  ^'^,,-:?'',.:r::fX      ■'-  n; .-ti. .  - -  k  ,u.. 

fr.  I-  Ir.nii  till-  1... !!.!■. ..;>•;■'  >-'i'-'  -       ■    '      ,  ,    ,,    ,.  ,11,  .1   •■l...,iv.   .n-.t    tl-.-  ..'m 

-               '•'  l^-^^-'''-  -          1.,,  .;,.  1.,!.  .,:-,!  .       ;,.i.l  :  1  •  ^ii 

I  . ,    ,.   |.   „.  -     in  r.|  .  !>  Ill- 

111        -.s.    In   r.  .i'n>.   h,.-.\-  ...  r.  h,- 

I«ir.-,ble  supremacy  of  t.ii.h,  .1  ..    ,1.    t .    .   ,                  .|h  in,  "vr. 
adumbrations  <.f  tins  "i                _  .     ,,,,  ,|,^.  ..p,,,,,.,.  ^,i,k-|i  Ir.-t.    .       i-i...  'li^ 
^tr;,;;.k  i;;;;c.^^S  :>:bra;;a.;i';  .'.luipaw.'  ..  is  enrions  to         the   .«ht  of 


fit  II  ■>t.  I  V  1.  :i    1  '*       '  —  — 

woman  that  is  FREE;  i' 

■  ■f  ihi-  lii-,-i\ tiily 
fr.  1-  fr.'iii  tlu-  h. .!!.!. 
Jerusalem  tlial  ii.  -w 

Thrmiuli.>tit  the  wli.'le  .liMMt-M. .n.  Paul 


t-f,.-r<-i 


.1 


niil     l\-t.!iii.-nt     are  "!•• 


1  M.i!    til,.  ,-!er 


7T" 


254 


(lALATlANS. 


[Cii.  V 


CHAl'TKR  5. 

I  si\M.  1.1-t  llnr.fiMi'  in  tlK-  lilicrty 
vvI..n  vMtli  l  lm-t  lui'li  '"•"l^-        ""'V  ''"f 


2  r.tlu.l<l.  I  Paul  say  unto  yott.  that  if 
yc  1h-  circumcised.  Chrtst  shall  profit  you 

,  l-..r  I  toMifv  iiKaiii  ti)  i'vi  ry  man  tint 
isVircuimisca.  that  lie  li  a  tkbtor  to  .l-  tlie 
w  Ik  lie  law. 


,  ,„   .'A  .1.  .,11  "I 
,,a    iMl   1"  t" 
ibii-r  '.vr:lU-il  ill 
.1-    I'.ii'.l  i' It  its 
.ini  f.  lii't  tlif 

■  wtT  tliat  trail- 


Paul  li<  rc  antici<.atiiiK  tlu-  111.  "Km  \i>  a  nl 
the  ()!.!  Icstaim-nt.  aicr.lmu  t..  wliuli, 
KriHTallv  Mi>;'l-i"K.  tlir  l.y.il  iM,rn..ii-  ai. 
MT.Mul,  "l.oth  in  l  —  nt  <'l.^tinir  ..ii.l  nri.-f 
;ir,  r.  1(1  llu-  iipiliiut:.-.  '  ' 
tliL-  t 'ill  I  f^taini  nl  1-  1 
the  iirnl'hiln;  Iim.i1---  an. 
tin-  )."'l'h<l:'-  M'""-  .'-^ 
r,  .li  i..  ail  t.i  Ik'  in  i'.a- 
1.1  w. 

|.;iilli   i-   tli<-   iiiiLility   I  ,  , 

f,,nn.  tlu-  ' 'le  law  can  .l-.  D.M  im« 

|,r,t  .  nr^-  ,1  iiMii  (m.  k'I  and  rcilmv  Inni. 
,f  |,..  i„.  lMnr>t  wr.h  hitn-.clt,  to  ilcM'air, 
01,-,  r\  iiu-.-  Ml  onliiianrt-s  can  do  ni.ihiiv.' 
«li.,ttvir  towanl,  making  hnn  a  now  .n:. 
iiiri-;  ..hM-rv.incc  <'t  tin-  .l<-^M-h 
..ractieal  iiaKam^'n  i"'      I  I 

ihat  ••cniini-"  \M'li  'I  '-  , 
f.iith  as  Al.r-ihani  I  ,•1.  u'^uli  w.i~ 
f.,r  riL-htcMi^iu  1  111.  '. 
llah.iUknk  .Kr'iar  .l  wouM  he  r.uar.K.l  wiiii 
),,■,.  ,  ,!i  1  I  I.  I  hi>  taitli  t  ini-  like  a  lim  't 
hu!n  all  Ihn.,,^!,  the  «  iM  I  eM-ntunl  .  hi:t 
,1  .hiiie-  fiill-.:rl.e.l  u'liell  I  kn-t  O'UU  -. 
\-,  ,  v  Mtr.iii-;  ai«'  I'aiil'-  phrase-.  111  111 

.-,    •■kr|..rc   taiili  e.inv-  "  .mil  ■■«ii<"i 
i,,,;h  "''.i-.'l  t  hn-!    .!i\i.!e^  hi-l.iry 

,„         — tk,.-  tiiii.  k.         lie  e.inu.  the  h-^al 
n-..l!.  n,  «  k>  M  111  -inie  nl  men  nl  l-n'l" 


/.,,'ie-M/i-.i       -I'  /■''"•''-V 
Ui'Sftl  tv.  1-0). 


vf  thf 


i.k'.inilantly 
,u  .1  iiialice 


II. ll' 


The  ix'int  which  has  h  en 
^■M;ii.!i>he.l  kv  ar^;nnu•nt.  t!i..l 
ot  the  ^eisiiei  i>  ineMiiipalinle  \\  M  -nli-irN- 
lencc  to  the  law.  i>  n  .w,  111  a  l- w  (..  w- 
rrlul  sentence,  home  .l.ueily  h  .ine  upon 
the  coiiM-ieiieo  ot  the  (lakiti-m- 

I.     Ihe  c.'niu.MMil  is  verv  cL  m  h.lween 
I'.ii^  \  1  rse  .■111(1  tile  l.i>t  : 
,.1    Ihe  /I.e."    It  was 
,,„,).,,|,s    «■»■  «.\tr«€()ia, 

1';  .  <■.'..  .111 ;  el   VI  r.  l.t ; 
freed  US  1  'i"^*.  einpii-iiie  1 

■,l\V  1  111.  1.5  '  ■  'I  -'l 
y  and  e.  nipU  li  ly  ;  c>  : 
"ill  ancikir  >-<(  of  ''■ 
Iixkii  vT-  .111-  iiMii^  to  i:iiii('-e  npoii 
v  ,1...  Stand'  linn  then  aijainst 
,,,,,  i.,  ;..iri  with  th.it  frceih'in. 

and  do  not  let  yourselves  be  entangled 
a  second  time  in  a  yoke  of  slavery. 
I  k.i  ir  lu  atheiii-ni  li  id  keen  a  skiv.  ry  (  iv. 
.v,  iluir  ad.iptioti  ni  Judai-tie  ( .1 i\ anccS 
I'.v  10  (  will  he  a  .<e.-."i./  and  .1  -nnil.-ir 
slavery,  lien-,  a-  in  iv.  ■).  I'-ml  P"ts 
p.iiianisni  and  Ind.iisin.  in  this  re-peet.  upon 


tile 
ic.ll 


••  \V,.  ;iu  ehiMreii 
for  FREEDOM 

1-    a      u  ^  l''^ 
that  Christ 
■  in  the  eiir^e 
,a  we  ^h'.iild 
and  not  in- 
ih.'ij^'r.  snch 


11  ■ 

ik.i 


1-  lilc 

III. 


-1' 


.  v;-ii'  '> 

tiiMc  .ill,  r 
],iii.\e  ill 
ul  nii.kT-'. 

,-   c\  .  r  (k'lH 


-1" 


kiiit;  l.aw  w.i^ 
•  .-.Ulle.  kl  in'^lllU 
I  I  nil  -.'nship  and 
■d   li"tli   er.i^  as 
It  1^  ont  of  the 


liKr  .Xi.r.iii.ii 
I, .id  ;  -iild  I'l 
t.i  ik.o^i  \\  k 
i; .  .  (i.  .111.  I' 

1,  u    111.  11  k.:i ,  ■    -  .    .    - 

l,;l,U"    ot    hi-  evp.rielie.-    ihat  lie 

unle-  ;  "helore  t  nlh  eaiiie  .•  wi  re  Kept 
,„  N\ard  nnder  hiu  ;  hnt  alter  f.iith  c.-mu; 

.-ire  no  longer   under    a   p.-d-ie.  (i;-,ic. 
lie  kiu-w  the  ei.n-tr.aint.  tke  honda-e.  \Uc 
d.  -ii.iir.  the  d.a-i,  wrapp.d  "P  'n  'l'"'  ^ 
luii-atioii  of  Im,i!i-ni;  he  h.id  t.i  i.d  an  , 
MCI!  Imw  kitlir  II  \\a-.    .Ml  the  ni..ie  w.i- 
he  akie  to  aiipreCLaiv  the  .  xhd.ir.a'i. 'ii.  tlie 
email,  ip-i'"'".  'I"^'  re.Uniplicn.  tkr  ~o:i-]up 
whieh    u.r,'    lii~    in    -iii-i    ihronuk    l  k.n-i. 
lie  h.id  keen  .1  eiti.cu  ,.t  k.  .Mi  .Kni-akn-^- 
.,f  that  wk.ieh  p.  u  i-.  wk.i.  k  1-  m  k..iH..ij.'< 
wiih    k.  r  ehildriii;   and    no   k ' 
h..i\eiily  Jernsalun  whose  sons  are  frei 
(!v.  J?-.';)- 


the 

siil, 


>anie   h  \  i  k    (  " 

,-J-    111     !ll-'ltUti(  ill' 


(.f  fliri-t  I  I'hd 
I  (.jal.  V.  i,(  1. 

S.   3.      1(1  tke 

wliuh  r.iiil  i~  ■ 
-pi-ei.d  .attenti.  'ii, 
tke   ftlll  \\ii'.;kt 
t'.ke  aM'hiiriiy: 
-■nii'ar  iie:-...k!e 


I  I 


See! 


tk. 
and 


nin- 
1  tke; 
■  I  one 


tlo! 

ni.LV 


kc 
■.her 


iniporiant 
1  iiKi'.-c,  lie 

1  (■  iiiii! 


I.iliiiunt 

i.ilkny.s 
■-  |(  with 


I  Paul  tell  you.    !  ■  1  a 

lull  t"  a  >iinikiil>  ai!lk(.r- 

,       ^   ,,  .  ,  ^1    J  N    il.    W  k.il  he 

i  ,  ,\  \  .  .     ihi't  if  you  submit  to  cir- 
Icutncision.  Christ  will  be  of  no  benefit 
ito  you  — pm-  Hif      .n.  ki-K  di  of  his  loilK 
'...'nunt  vo  pknc.K  a.i'd  niinn-lakahly  that 
„--t  •■  in:  1  !(  ne-'>  nt  "  of  the  ('..■ilatians 
;.,„.,,,,  111-    in.a-.iinn.    lie    docs  not 

"if  veil  eireiiineis.d."  bnt  it  yon 
r.  ;  .  i\e  i-r.e  nneiMon."  CirenineiMon.  winch 
ua-  m  it  (  If  lieilhiim'  I  ver.  f>.  vi.  15!. 
ine  int  a  ^ood  'lea!  in  the  atmosphere 
erealeU  'ly  the  Jndai/erv.  n  i.ieaiil  a  rec- 
omiition  of  the  law  a-  I'li".  at  lea-t. 
,kv  wav  of  >a!vatfT.  tnd  liurcf.-  was. 
under  the  circtimManee-.  an  nnplKit  oe- 
iiial  of  the  ••  comiilctcnebs  ■•  U".  :>  'he 


of 


Ch.  V] 


OALATIANS. 


255 


4  Christ  is  l-ocome  of  no  effect  untai  6  For  m  Ie»u«  ChnM  ncithfr  circuin- 
vou.  wh..MKxer  ..f  v.-ii  arc  justified  by  the  ci^ion  avaiUth  any  thing,  m.r  unc.rcum- 
Lw   ¥«•  are  fallen  from  Kfacc.  csion;  but  faith  which  worketh  by  love. 

5  '  For  we  through  the  Spirit  wait  for  | 

the  hopt-  of  rightcmisness  by  faith.  | 

s;,lvation   \vr..,i;;Iu         Christ  f:i.-.-s  U|„r,t.    ....ikmi;    n^-M    ih.'    luinian   Jptrif ; 

th.m   with  .il;.  tM.,ti\.>,     I  ircunu  iMon  hiT<\  a.      ..lUMi,  It  is  niiiM.ssil.c  to  Ueu»Je 

,,r  Cliri-t  •  h  Cl  i:>!  .u-iils  lor  sah.ui..M.  in  favor  ot  one  rath.T  llian  of  the  ollu-r, 
circ,M.u  ;M..n  prout,  nnthinu:  if  circmn- !  Those  wh..  arc  jiisiiti.-.l  Lv  taith  in  Christ 
II  IV  liN  i'<r  >..Kaiioii.  l  lirist  pr.ilits  i  move  nmlcr  spintuiil  iitipiilM  s  atiil  in  a 
,„,iliniK  \n.l  Nslialfver  the  Ju.lai/crs  I  spiritual  r.K,..n.  ^hi.h  lu-.  uothmK  to  .1.. 
mat,  sav.  ilns  is  what  --ays :  with  carn.,1   o,,l.nan.-.  s  orcinuMM,,,. 

ami  It  'is  at  tluir  peril  that  tlu-v  refuse  .\.v;am  tli,  tr  j'.i-tmv..ii..!i.  ih.  ir  evp.  ,Mt...  i. 

hste,,  to  one  wli.       "an  ap-stlc.  n^t  ilu  ,r    wh^le    I,,,-    spr.n^s  .  .n 

from  men.  nor  thnmnh  man.  but  lUroimh  (  hrist.  n-t  i...ni     ilu-  w-rks  ..t  .!;  ■  ..w 

j.sus- Christ  -  iiinis.if  u.  >),  Yc  rih.-.r  ,vf.'-',-  ,s       1-..!,  : •• 

soleinnlv   protest  ag«in.   as    1    have   just   aiul  exp.vl  n,  >      I  I:,-  .  > . ,  ,.t      ,  I'Wl 
protesn^l  m  V.,,-.  ...  to  EVERY  man  that  an-  u,-,,  .\|..,.  .  a.-l  ,h.  pa,t. 
submits  to  circumcision   (nut  "to  exery   (  hn--  :  „•    in  i..-.    «,;,  i  ti,..r 

„"„    that    ,^    .,r.-,nn,  thdt    he    IS  ■      tu-.s    h.^'    w>l     I-'    - -nnntM -l  . 

bound  to  do  the  WHOLE  law.  i.-  rhil  .n  -•..i  i.  11:^  If  !•>•  ts  .l.-.nl...l 
,,o.K.w/>  II.    I.u  at  all  was  f.  It    as    t!u-    /i.  „l.  ss.         .  om- 

altoi-.-lJiet  •  at:.l  niait  who  .h.t  ti.'t  .lo   M.len.ii;         «li-U'  t.ail.M.L;  -I  .h>-  .pisl... 

;})f-hat  ,t  pr..,  l...l  waseurse..  (,u.  ,o.,,h,,  ....  hat.iU  tu-.m  .hc  ^-^^^  •> - 
The  (.al.iIi.M,,  .h.l  n.^l  rral,,,-  tli.-  ^o.,-'  -'t  u.ll  aMain  t-  rtchtoms,,.-.-.  PT  this  th.> 
ti-e  ol.lin:!!'  -ti  tli'  V  were  tak  ni;  up..  ,  tiu  tt.  i  ..Irea.ly  po.M-s,  thr,m«h  lallh  in  Christ 
se  ves  \i  tl  .  v  s,,!„n,t,.a  1..  tia  J  ,,.la,-.,c  |  ni.  l-).  Kather  it  imans  the  hope  of 
proposals  ..t  e,r.  :,n.av.,„  tntnrc  ^lory  wtneli  their  present  p.j*sess„,n 

4,  5.  Tln  re  are  two  u,i>s  of  jiistitiea- |  autl  experieiuv  .if  righteousness  inspire 
11. .11  tlu-  l.iu.  an.l  hv  Chiist.  but  they  1  them  tu  elierish.  , 

are  iiin'n  illv  exchtsue  Your  cornection  '  6.  This  attitii.Ie  of  p.itient  an.l  hopottll  ex- 
'with  Christ  is  annulled  at  ..:i.  e  (a.-r.)  ;pectan.y  s,,rttiKs  '       '   t  t>..itt  wrks. 

you  who  are  seeking  vmir  justification  |  sneh  as  ,  ir.  „m,        ,  for  t;   ;  a\a;l-  L.tii 
m  the  law:  l>y  Mich  an  a'tempt  you  are  ihk  in  this  ooniKin. .n.    In  :  li       1  .  p  ui  u 
at  once  fallen  away  from  the  grace  -.t  Christ  (Jesus),  neither  circumcision  nor 
justification  which  is  mediated  l.y  i  lirist  uncircumcision  is  of  any  avail  -.al..,- 
alone.    The  reason  for  this  paih.iic  fate  tioii.     L.        -    w^i"  -r.         ^  '  • 
is  found  in  the  next  verse;  for  it  is  not  f.   l!ir>Ma„^.    emM,n,.aM...i    ,s    nr., .vain, 
by  law,  but  by  faith  that  men  arc  justified,  .  t  1;    i  eol  .  r  v.ahie  i..r  p:;rp     -  s,i. 
Hut   the  verse  lakes   a   ui.ler   •.wer),;    it  tu.n ;  •■  is  m         ;  •  .>    1 1 .      Le  n.knst-. 
eonten,pl.-ltes   the  d.  M.ny   a^    well   a^   th,.;uere  pk  ...i.n.   ...r  -.nuthin^  that  had  no 
oriKin  of  this  "iustitK-.r-  !,le.  and         w!:..   pla,       an.l     t,..    p.'Wer    ni      lie  (hiisl.an 
.ire    nlre.-idv    liwni;    ihis    hl.'-  r.nil    an.l   m-Iu  me     .1     -lnnv:s.     1  ,.!  .1K      i....  -.ary. 
those    hke'niin.!.-,!    wnh    hnn  -  -  are    .tr:k  i-   ih,-    i.nu;..  :      .at    .< ,•  r,    .« ■ 

,„k1v  o.ntra-t.d  v.i;l,  tk.->-  wii..  ar,    ...k-  1-  '^'^V  '^; 

in«   inst,tuMt,..n    ui  the  I'U      It    is  ..fhant      I'anl  s  arL^.nn.nt  ,s  .j.aiM,'  e.l^.  d  a 

tnil  prrs,,nal  .  xp.  rten.v,  an.]  o.,.  ,.t  th.- |  (  ..  in ile  w  ,~  i...  n.  ar-r  to  Christ  tor  his 
kn..wl..l".-  that  t!n.  ,  xp.rMi.e  1-  .Imi-.-.I  nn.ir.nin.  1  .ion  than  a  jew  for  his  circum- 
1,^  ,.;h.  •!,,'  I'l"!  nr;i.-  WE  by  the  ei-i..n,  .Seitlier  eouiui.-n.I.-.|  men  to  (,o<l: 
soirit  on  the  ground  of  faith,  intently  but  11  1- faith  everin... .  operating  through 
await  the  hooe  ..l  eternal  hte  an.l  fulnre  love    tkat    avails.    €«p>oi^..'i,    ,s  nn.l.lle. 


await  the  hope  ..|  eternal  lit< 
Klorv  iU..ni  \ni  l.**-',;',  whuh  .>t:r  pr. - 
cut  pisMs-Min  of  righteousnesa  ( through 
faith  in  (  lir.^'i,  warrants  us  in  cherishiiiK. 
Kv.r\  w.ird  in  this  yreat  sentence  is  em- 
phaiie.  aiid  the  whole  verse  is  in  pointed 
contrast  to  the  verso  that  precedes.  I  he 
impulse  an<l  atmosphere  of  the  new  life 
are  a-so.  ;..r.  .1  With  the  j7-!r.-,«,  itut  w  i'h  the 


ii.it  p.i--ive,  as  in  .X  K.  V.  ni..ri!'n 
iwroiiRhti.  I'litl!  is  the  s.iuroe  («^»  of 
the  Chri'lian  hte:  fr.-tn  that  all  r-  ae- 
tivity  sprinKs.  l-i-r  there  must  lit  aitivitv, 
as  well  as  evp-'otation  (ver,  5)  :  .iini  the 
iil.«/ri()ii.  i'/    I '^'1  I    ..t  a. '1.'!'  1- 

IJenuel  r.  ni.irk-  w  :'.  In-  .  •;-;..n  ir\   !.•  ■■ 

tir.s    ;t!l.!    !!!^!i;h!  ■        With    !al!!>    li  •  i..nii-.| 


flesh  (cf.  111.  .0.   The  spirit  is  the  divine  I  hope  in  ver.  5.  now  he  joins   love;  in 


•J.'iC, 


(iALATlANS. 


i(  II.  V 


-    v..  ,i„l  rm,  well:  wiio  .i.a  Mn.Ur  >ou      I..    I  .-.^uMnu-v   in   y-ni  tlirough 

I     ll  v  ilu-  truth  •  I-""'-  "'iHTwi-o 

,     "V,  m^^^^^^^        ..t   lunJ,ni.uJ.-.l;  Imt   Ur  that   truul,Kth  y,.u  shall 


t!-.:!  >-,;ll<t!i  VDii. 

\   litlU   Ka.cii  Uavomth  tlic  wl.o.i- 


Inar  his  judgiiK-nt,  whosoever  he  be. 


.l.>y,  ami  iniiuli  to  lo^iiiK  work  in  the 
-irvicc  of  one  atiothcr  (\K:r. 

.  I  l-'ricHdly  and  iJ  .S/i'ril   W'xrd  (v. 

I'ai.'l  now  titrn-  ur';'.   w •.^  l-  I'l  Lii-iitle 
.•\|.. -tiiL.ticii    1"    lii-    ( i.i.i' >    uli';  h-iil 
.'  in  liir  I  hri-lt.in  r.u'i-  -o  w'l.  and  who 
:'-,:i,lil  l,.,\<-  ifn  "W  iilii .  ,i  ni|  n     il  li.id  it  not 
.n  <.  r  I'f  ii;v,i.  1111111  n-  ilii'  wn  in  tlu  ir 
u.iv  iy  lb.  I ilr  ^"1  li^in-;  wrll 

,,)■  :ji,in,  i.M'l  i  ^   hi-  (■■>n:iili  iui>  in 

ll;.  ;r  1  ilfiri-  .iti;'  '    ;  l':''  l'i<-  ■'lluT-.  a< 

,ii-l.nl,>T-  :ni.l  -  ■■•  .  l"  ,-l:"n-)i.  arc 
,li  b\  l.iin     i'     i  .'  .Til  nf  iniliKnant 

7-9.    You  were  running  'lie  Chri-^tiaii 


,1,,  i-.-i-  li-.r  wh.'V    "I   I.  :in-i;.iiii;y. 

li:  :i;i;    "I    I'm-         at  Chri?tiaii 

,  ,;,  ,i„  ,    lu..  ioiMi.i'ii>"Mvc  vtr  r-^ 
1,    -.ly     n^;K'ii\«-.    l-'indlay    Mini-  ll 

;l    lu    il:r    'A..:.',,:    "  \.n\e    >:u>->  fall!'. 
],  .,,1,    ai:,l    tr.  1  ;    li'M"'    'i''"'"  ■' 
,  1'.   .U.?  '     1  'n' 

Ki  .  \iir.  -. iImII  ir,  l.'\i'  and  inaiii- 

lanis  ii>tll  in  li.'po  "Hl^l  'I't  iHTtict  Ua>. 

\\V  -fo  lure,  what  w.-  -hall  -  -nil  IM.  v 
idainlv  in  llu'  o .■.u-ln.hnu  vvii.  ii  oi  tlir 
[uy.'W.  x\w  iia.  n- .  -'  .1  ■-  >■>•  ..t  th.- 
ami-   ..f    l'.r,.l.    li  -  '  I" 

Mni.-l  a  iho.l--;y.  W".:  I"  ."i.ci  and  ir.n.- 
f,,rni    lin  .     I  he    .arvr*  h>  i;  ^"V,    "i    ^  - 

'       ;;:.r''V\'V'  ';n'.'  ''l-'""    ra^/uor  .h.  in.,a,h.,r         ,  r,.r.  iv 
'  "    '  1        I'v  -inrr.v.ai  nobly.    Who  hindered  you  i M. 'vkol  ynur 

„:;'^;r,„;;  .■;';,.  ::.:„■-:,,:,  ar.  >rr.k-|i.a!hi  from  following  the  truth  nt  the 
'"^  "  ■'  I  ,,  •■,  ■.  1.--..-1  aotU"-l"l'-  "    -  I"-    The  persuasion 

-h.;;' J,.. Lo..  -->^ ■<-•■;  ."-•■^;r-„-x;; 

,,  r,x  ,  '  i.M.  i'.ii'iK'i-i-n.  I  hi  \  ,  M  wh;.  a  \..!i  arc  yiJdiiiv.  1:  !i'd>  (does) 
'".  '   ,■.,:,„  an.I    i.nd.-,not  1  come  I  from  God  who  called  you 

, ...I,  do  111  th.ir  adh.r.'i..  t  .    •  1.         h:'    n   -n  a  vix    ditl.  .-  . 

'^/rr;^:;:"    :':^-';:v'^'';ad'hra'imie  icaven.'  .h-;-h 

l\  vi,t','d'i'"i-  Ml  11..  '^aln..    leavens  the  whole  lump   .ci.   1   »  'V.  v. 

"k  ^V,::  Ihi  k  h'    aK.  .■v.ni,.!,..  a   lu:!,    .  f   ih.   n„...„.„  „|  J.da>-l.o 

I'll'lir  ii       lid     r.  l;^^i^         .■r..hhii.-.     ..v    'i--i  ;n.'  v  d:  in  nine  cornipt  tlu-ir  wliols 

„;'i::.k  ,i, -.on;,.!;^^  -i  .■•!..  ■  ^, ,,,, ,,,,,  ,„„  ,.,„,. 

i;';nind,V  i-  n...'  ma,,d:.  a:.h-  U,..-.    .■.:„    ..    ..  .M    .r-..-    n,..n     „  nd.T     ,-  ill. 

1        ,,      ,  .111,     r    ■  .-I     ,.t    .11  ^  r  adv.iiM-i   ,    -  ii-  1  u  :'i"iit   I  li"  us 

It   .-in mil' i--'-n   Im-   "'■   ^aiiu.    i...,..i.  ^>  ■    ,      .       ....  ii,,. 

'  '  ,    1,1,     ,1.  ,.,  —  t'  r  11  •     I'l  ^    .xiHi-t    ii-m   tln-ir  iM-opa- 

a  thmu  .1-  •I.-'--''  ,  1  for  my  part  (O'i)  have  confi- 

I'-n.''.."";.'^";  •  t!  n-^i.t  iiartH-.ir      -  '  dence  in  you  in  the .  Lord  -  all  .-fa 

;      ,'  .    ,..  .  ,i,,„j,  ■!,,•       -   '  ;u    nan'-  a.-:-  and  a-pi-H'-n-  af  ni  f/l^ 

'''"■*,•;,„  i!  l.nindv.  iKli.i  du.  i .'  .-./-that  yo.  Will  not  change  your 

„   'nU      n-  u.i  '     '■■   ima-n:ad  U    it-.minds.   -u   'h.-   dinvi-n   ut   | hr  Inda.-tic 

r:;  ,^'          :  had   ..,.).,d  .hi.  (.alanan.  tn  h.  n,.:,/,,/ 

,   ,    ,  :i       J.,,.,,,-,  ■   :  :.  11 '\  >  ■.'/i."  .■>        li'-'i"    1-   1  •■inl  liail  taii^lit  llu'in. 

'                 \,    1,,,  ,    ...                '  11    lu    i-   o-nli.ltiit    ili:it,  alter    tli-v  net 

.,„an.;,iiali..n            ;  .;,,„         Uuv  with  it^  ro-.iaU-m.-i'  ,,f  ih.-  yo,- 

'  1.1  '  i  ^^^--'            "-^   win  r.-.i<t  .he  ten,,.':i.:..n      1„  a 

•|       I  fill  li  at  .  in:iiK'l''i'>-  ^''^  '  \' '  ■   "             ''       '  " 

i;:;^  :;;'e;::' i:'i::fn:K''-":w;rd  But^  he~  who  comut-a 


11. Ill  1- 
1 


Cu.  V]  OALATIAXS.  2.>7 

"'  ll     Am.I  I.  iT.thr.ii.  11  I  >.!  1  "-"l'  '  r-  '  I    w-uM    r  .x     -v  "'    •v.n    cut    .  iT 

cnnioiMon.  why  .1..   I  yet  MilUT  |HTSf.  !i    uhivh  ir.-iil  !c  >o.' 
ii..'!  -    tluii    1'   till-   (iffi-iicc   of   the   ii>  -■• 

I 

,s,.„u        a-    r>  you  shall  1.         ■   ■■  r. 

,k1Um1  ...  bear.  1,U  a  h-.ivy  the  :    •  , ^^    >-      ',  \.  " 

disii'.i'  judgment,  no  mattsr  who  he  be.     >.   t   .    i   .  .  i   ,  >      '         ,  _ 

V!,.,  I    t..    !-:i.r    !m    l.fr    or    J-....  ^  .  . -..1    I  it.' .   ...1   .  i.                    '  ^ 

iSul  It  ->n;.        I.    !>:    ^  a'  U   -..  .A  tla    ^  -  ■  ■ 

t:ir  i-  t.i  Ik  '..I'l.rn     ■      i;>  :''rali>.       c           I  neii  a^  I, 

]\l  ,.;:,ral  ...  v.r.         n               -        -  '^c    stumbUn«  blocK           -  ^  > 

II.    But  as  for  me,  brethren,  if  I  am  of  the  cross  has  been  al-oUslioi. 
still."  as  brforc  my  f„n.  r-i-n,  preachinK  -        I  i:'^   I-;  ,  ,  .      .  '  .  '*  ' 

circumcision,  why  am  1  still  being  per-  ' 
secuted?   lla.l  r.utl  r.aliy  l.fi ti  :•"■«■••».•       «  '  '  ;  ' 

sch.-lai  .   thi-  ^  :"■       •'  ■         .      .  .         .....  , 

Hut  liivrr  !■  •     '  '  - '      i^"  '         . ;       ,  ■'  j,,,.,.^,; 

i-..ii.l!U-t  of  l';r,;l  t-  k-  '  ■  ■■•■^  -  •        ■  •  '• 


ITVlio'cahnmTx'.'  'luo  princtpk-  of  ... .  o.i.  m-,.;.       '  -  r-  ,  ,"."'.,V;'' 

„„M!:,ti..ti  i.r  n-ai:Ki,  r„  k> 1, .iv;. u '  -  v.  im-    •  •■  ,? ',: ,  ; 

,  •   ,        .  ,  .1     ■  ■■   '  1  ■    '■        ■       'II!  :!:-  \UH\  .'■■oil.  lillo 

,,,,  m.Mai  ,n  ;  | ,         :  .     wouid  that  those 

liu  "k.  n.;;hi  i;.;.  M   l    ■■    .    who  are  subvert.n^;  you  would  KO  U« 

.„i     In  i,..„...-^    v.:I:  i!  -  «.  '    '  Uiii;th  of  .  mm  makmg  eunut  is  of  them- 

"l.aviii"         i;    'i  l.i.-a-   ■         i    '■  a  \.. XV  .stives I    ^  .'•       «        "av.-    tl;-.- -;i  i  ^ 
1-.   a;:.!  la. i ,  a ,  i  ■  •  i !  t  -    - 1  >        «.T.l   o  st-v  ninxor':;,  .1 

f'rv'. ,.••>.:   r      •.n,;.!.  -..V.:-  '  T ,    :  ■ ''^ 

lUa  tlr  ,r  ■  i   f  I  .!  .  .   a;  i:a '  a-nv      ,  t  r .  ^    la    au    aT.,,a. m       u.:!..    tia'    .  . 

^^a,  th.n       la.i  :i>  ha.!   I  in-..!hy  .-r  p.au.:   !■  -    ■  m   •a.'V-.^;  - 

onra:-  .1  N'...    a'.    ■■'■•■■}    t!a.  ;.n.tr..ni  !     ,        a,; .  ^ .  .1   ■       .  ..a. ,  ■  t 

I'oiiuiKl.  1\   olT-.-t  hi-  !•  !•!-..  •••  '       ■    '     •     a:-aiaa:a:    a  :  .•  ..i  •• 

cirriiMu-.-..!   (>...,1,  ii,  .V.     !  a        .  -  ^^  ■.      r  :  .  •  ■  '      ^n.r  -  .■ 
.hit,  raM.     ra.l..;!'>     b-  l    -    ^^     !  V-   A    '  ;a   ^  ,       -    ;   '  -  '  ^  ■ 

J.'W,  ;i!i.l   lla-  '  ' '  af-  '      ■        ■   "       '  '  ' 

ilr-iaiii  .!  l.>  I.  a-  ••„!••  '       ••  ••••  .  •  •    •   •  • 

''v"  ■.   a.:,  r:\,r         r:.,'-  ' ,: 

\\  itii  maiu-iaai -  !rra:'|i  ; -     :  •  .  .     •  ■  ■       ^  ■• 

ill   u:,.--",    !'ra  lai'i  i  <■   '  '    '       ■  •  V  'j 

,-,roitMr.M,.n.  V.-.  ia-  laahl  ^■'.■U.  'I^  a  ;  , .  a  (. .  «  a,,  a  •  .  |.i -U.  u .  ■  a.  I 
tok-rati-il  it,  I  iH-niut!,.;  it   .-i  ;!!■  i.vuu  ii.lc  •  .Ir.  -  >  .1 


1  l.r.  r 
V  hi;'- 
■  '  !.a  !  a.l 

a      %  •I 


258 


GALATIAXS. 


[Ch.  V 


THl".  \K)K  \1. 


OlU.KiATinXS  ()!■  rilK  M.W  l-H"!--        '--vi-  i"^- 


13    Fcr    lircthrcii.  \'    li'^f  '•i"''! 
cTsion  to  .he  rtcsh.  t-.t  l.y  l..vc  ser%c  one  n-iKl.l-nr  tbv^.it 


l-..r  tU  till  l.iw  i<  tiiltiilcU  111  one 
, ,  ,  11  111  I'll-,    Ihou  shall  love  thy 


.inc 

i<  -I 


In  -\nu    ..I  •  .   !■  '.  «ln.!.  ...iiiu-ct-  \.r 
U  inti;-..ilclv  w.lii  wr.  u.  il  is  ipntc 

v'i,,n-  111..'  .11   111'-  I'"""  "' 
III,-  ,|,i^tU-  IxKiils,  wliuli  iniy  11. 't  m:il)I>r.r 
i.iial.lv    l.c    c.iIK'.l    tli.'    piil-il  -<iti.n. 
Wc  liavc  M-cn  anani  .irM    ,u;.nn  Imw  ^.  i'. 
far  from  tlir<m-lical  llu'  pi.  .i"'!-^  .hMii--i'  :i 
has    Im-cii.     riio    aii<i>t!f  Im- 
wliiK'  litat  ;  lio  li.i''  -mutit  t" 
ti>  tilt-  (lalaliaiis.  l.y  iviry  <1im 
an.!   iiniia^-i'itu  il   argimu  lit. 

liul!iin«    1<--    lliiiii  iiiil'"' 
dcalli.    It  !l"v  rii.-i   it.  II. ur  . 
witll  CliiiM        aiiiti'.ll'  '1.  ''I'  .v  -1' 
fr..in  t  hn-t   1  v   .(  1  .  it  th.  \  ,1 
spira  will  i|Ui.  km  .ui'l  ^i' 
a  ^l..n..ii<  li"]..'.    K.'l;itnl\  - 
l,r.M..us    MiMt..n    uiiRlit  t..:i 
tlKMl..nu-;il     I'.i   it  I'aiii 

i  l-...|.u  !     pr.iM  il  In-  1  -'il 
;,ii  iiLlr]..  n.l<  11!  ,i|>..-ili'  <'t  J 
.li,,wn  nlial  nature  ^ii"'  o'lndi:  1. .n 


wntttii 

lirinir  li 

.  .     .1  .  ,: 

l.t   l.tl-  ,.' 
iniiti  1 !.  'il 

i|  it,  tin- 
1  Ml'  ni  w  i"i 
ji.  .ii-.iii;:.  il..' 
y    1..'  call.-.l 
111   till'  lilt 
(i.  >pi'ak  as 
u-i  Clin-l.  li.i- 
aiu!  c'liuli 


1r<-i'.!..ni  wi-h  .1  vi.'u  ;  ■  wlu.'Ii  •'  ■  ^  n.'"' 
l'..'ni.ilk-dl.    r.iit  ..I  alluitt-.  ti.  .•■!.. Hi  i-  p^r 

'li.ip^  till'  i-a-ii'-t  t.i  nii-intiTpr.  t  an.!  f 

llur.-  IS  ahvav-  tin'  .lann.r  ..f  u-,  h  iik 
ini^takrn  f.>r  luriirc;  ami  a  spi-cial  ilaii»:ir 
„,  tin-  i.iM'.  c..i--i.l.iiiii:  111.''  •'•>"' 
llir..u..;li'.!it  t.l.rv-.!i'"l  it  .1-  .iii.iiu-iP"' 
1v..in  liiw.  111.-  .\l"-ii.-  I  'V.  1  li<'c  -Iff 
s,,iiu-  l.>  wli..t)i  till-  .i...-!iin.-.  ni!-::ii..rr- 
s!,,..,l.  u.>nM  "iilv  1h-  t.".  U.K--II1C.  am 
r.ni.nn..  I..r  i'.ml  t..  -..I.  r.l  it.  aii.l 
''.  -li.'w  ili.i!.       I'll  ff""!  I'  l.liiii^  t"  "it"ra. 


,,f  111.-  in  Clin-',  a-  ri'stinK'  iilfii  jiistitK'.i- 
,„,„  1,\  taitli  al..no;  and  his  pr.sfntati.'ii 
,,tt,,l  "imuli  of  its  cU'ariu-ss  aii.l  o>Kiii.-. 
1.1  ii>  o.iUiniial  omlrast  luiwcii  t.ii-  w.i'. 
of  )ii-titii-atii>ii  ami  lli»-  "'li""  ^^-'t'^-' 
of  ill.-  law,  wliu-li  only  K  m. Is  t..  .1.  -I'  lir  ^"i' 
.h-:illi.  .Now.  li..vvo\.T.  th..!  ilu-  -liK'"  ■"■'^ 
nalur.-  of  the  new  ht.'  Imv^  I...11  ■  .f  r 
tliim-.l.  it  is  tittiiiK  that  tlio  rpi-;l.'  -l-.'il.l 
a  (l.'i-.-ripii.in  of  tlu'  iii'Tal  I'oii- 
.at  lit'o.  l"or  t  111  !-li.iiiit\  1-  ii"t 
life  til. It  .'vpri'^-i'--  it-i'll 
I  It  Is  not  .iiilv  l.iitli. 

.-,  .(A'jiio"  I  vtr,  (1),  ami  the  cm- 
,i-rs  show  how  it  works,  or 
,'.  I'rk. 


clo-c 
ti-n!s 

"I'l'ii 


willi 
ft 

-ii.  it 

.ml. 


Imt 

clii'lniK  ' 
otight  to 


r/i.-  Law  (■'■  /.«:.•  tv.  iJ-15)- 


13.  1  In-  (in-iU-  i-  .'ti<-  mapnitic-ont  plea 
f..r  ,'/',  >M'  1.1  v.-r.  II.  'ii.it  IS  tho  tm^n- 
■  e  ami  .'.!■!. .-t  .'I  tl"  I'i.ri'-tian  imU.  ror 
YOU  I  !'"•"».  wti.it.  v.-r  tlu'  Jinlai/<-rs  may 
.,k  •■  tlu'  n.'-prl,  W9T9  Called  for 
FREEDOM,  birrthren  ntu-  /.'•■  i'l-t'ti.  •- 
thf  cinph.i'u-  -corn  with  which  I'aal  hiul 
just  spoKctt  of  tliv  •  Mil.v.rt.Ts,"  who  arc 
imiK-nlhts  ati.i   would  dcsir.-y  this  wry 


!.,v.„v  ,.r  lu-.i...  .1  atT..r.K  t!:.  -iifr.  inc 
...1  r.  ,.1  L'.Mraiitc.'  tor  the  piirc-i  ami 

•  I-  ,  ,  „  ihtv.  Only  do  not  tuse)  thw 
freedom  as  a' starting  point  ta  hasis  of 
..iKrali-n-i    for  itpiii!;;'.'nrf    ..t  __the 

flesh,  but  through  the  e\.  r.  i-e  ami  oltu  cs 
.if  love  be  the  slaves  of  one  another. 
The  .t.v;  ,■  (  \,  V)  ami  i-,-.  I  A.  R.  \.) 

of  the  F.iinli-h  vcr-i..n-  l  .  l  t"  hriiii:  out 
ilie  tine  para.i-.v  .'t  I'anl.  He  ha-  been 
,,1,'a.lmi;  for  fr.  .  .1.  .m.  i 'I'l  IT'  l'-tmH 
ajaiii-t    v!.i\.  ry    i  iv.  —  lii.n  m 

(  i.r'M  are  m>  lorn;,  r  -Iin.-.  lut  s,,n-^(iv. 
-!  ;  .111.1  alter  wmmiii:  I  'l'  "s  "iir  tv..M'|in. 
il,-  r.'.l'i.-,  -  i'-.  to  slavery  a.:;ain !  liis 
1,  ,v;',r,  not  t.>  an  .'s'.rnal  l..u. 
i,  ,;  0:1.'  .111.  111.  r.  I  !i.'  -,i\.  ry  m-pirr.l 
Iiy  .  ';,■  ail"!  uoikiii'^;  tiir.iii^li  i  '\e,  i-  the 
triu'-t  expi.  —  ioii  of  in  .  .''.11!  It  is  ;i  very 
.l.iriiii;  and  mi^;;.;.'-!  u  e  -.a'-a.loN.  It  is  un- 
|..rtniia:e  th.it  tli.r,'  .1...  ■  if't  exist  Ml 
|.-,,„l,.i,  a  ^'.'i-.l  w!ii.-!i  a.leiiiiately  repro- 
.huv-  the  llisoi  of  Soi^oy  "Servant"  iS 
.I'sMM.  tlv  t.>.'  niihl.  ■' lioii.lservant  is  nn- 
l,,m-Iiar;  ••>la\e"  i-  p'-haps  rather  too 
-.iroii'^:  hnt  the  po'iit  ol  'li-  ,0 '-Him' nt  is 
I.est  hroiiL'ht  out  hv  the  l  i-'  v  -i'l. 

14  For  the  entire  law  is  i  r  ever 
(jurf^  fulfilled  in  one  word,  namely 
this:  "Thou  shalt  LOVE  thy  neighbor 
as  thyself  "--th.-  neiuiih-.r  h.-m-.:  •.'••''••j.s 
priniarilv  tlu-  ^.■;lo^v  i  hri-'-,:n.  ;  - 
the  l...',-..i..'l.l  .'I  t'lith-  •  t'h'.  \  "  "1 
th-   huhl    ot   .K-->-i'   p.irahle    U-t.  j-iil- 


j.(!T).  a'l.l  of  r..ii!-  t...'!iii!vr  <l-.\\l'.'e 
u'f  v'i.  lo.i  I  wc  an-  iti»vf'i.  .!  in  -.^im  it 
al-..  wi.'.  r  refer,  "cc  In  -t--e  "i  * 
P..1.I1-'.-,  It  "irn-  oi-i  lii.ii  il  l-  t".  l-r  ' 
fo.ni.l.-'  t.-I>.-.-t  to--  'li>-  '"' 
\,„i\-   lather   to   what    11   im  ui-   iiiui  to 


Ch.  V] 


GALATIANS. 


15  But  if  vv  liite  m.d  devour  one  an- 
otlur.  t.ikr  lucil  that  ye  be  not  consumed 
one  of  another.  . 

ih  This  I  say  then.  Walk  in  the  »]?'"'• 
and  ye  shall  not  fulfil  the  hist  of  the  Hesh. 


iiul 


17  For  the  flf»h  li!-fe»h  ..^1  - 
Spirit,  and  t!'f  Sfint  ik;  t!..-  t'u 
lhe>e  are  ••••"tr.iry  !hr  ■■!.•  ■  '  .  " 

that  ye  cannot  di>  the  ihmts-  lU.it  vv  would 


wli.it   It   s.iv  no!   |o   1'-   mdiM.lu.iI  ..r 

din.ince-,  liiit  to  it>  imii.-.t  s;.irir.  .i-  cx^ 
i.n^M'd  in  it-  iii-^t  "'oini-ir- 

iSl      lluir    .,.111-  a  rriimr.-- 

irnv-c  IkTi'  ol   till-  li.ullillK  ot  JiMl-   (  M.it. 

\M      !(..(<"  iu'RI"   '''-'t   love  vv;f! 

thi  -.H-rrt  .ind  cciit.r  of  "the  law  an.l  the 
,,r,,|,li, "--prartn-.dly  : -the  whole  UW 
I  ist.m-.iiit,  i!v  tin  KK.ili>t  </!••  iKh.>lf  law 
oUKht  to  tu-  kept  (v»r.  .^),  yet  it  cannot 
he  kept  u  l.  iii.  10):  hut  hy  Cliri-I  -  In  e 
man  it  can  be  kept,  for  e^-l.•llll.llly  he 
keeps  it  in  serving  his  liretliren  in  lo\.- 
The  cnnipiiNion  i~  mr.rr.  n-'  out.  r  I  Im- 
freedom  from  the  liw.  uhi.li  u  ~" 
easv  to  caruMi lire  .1-  l:ctiur.  turn-  oul  ••> 
be  a  fiiltilnuni  oi  thr  i.iw  -  in  lo-.c_ 
There  i-  ~!i>  ti  a  lliuii;  a->  "  llu-  Ij:<.-  ot 
Chri>t  '■  c,  i.  -■).  ,      -    ,  ^ 

15.  I'.ut  ll'i-  iiolil,'  ideal  ot  lovinir. 
mutual  .  .    u  ,-    \.  r\    t.ii    fn'iii   L.  iri; 

attanu'il  in  liiliti.i.  iii  Urd  the  ciiiiMos.r-y 
introilnciil  \'\  tlu'  .lu.iai-t-  hail  n  n.l.  red 
it  practu-.illv  inip' -Mliic.  and  wa-  luildinn 
fair  to  nun  'li.  ir  l^-nd  of  Cliri>lian  lir..'.hfr- 
hood.  But  if.  m-K.i  l  of  Ji-T'iu'  one  an- 
other, you  aiiwrilv  bite  and  Miai>  at  one 
aiiollur.  lilvi.  VMld  iHM^ts.  and  delilierately 
devour  one  another,  take  care  that  you 
be  not  destroyed  by  one  another.  I  he 
pa-ions  inueiuUred  by  party  «pint  will 
lead  to  <le-trnctioii.  The  repetition  of 
one  oih'thrr  mi  vv.  i.^,  t?  i-  Miiiuestiv,  , 
those  who  oii;;lit  to  srrve  one  atiollier,  w  !i 
bite,  devour,  destroy  one  another. 

!(>  -■<■). 

T!u'  iMi-  u'lM  i-  Tfi'    -not  '..  iit.iv  i!;-' 

ll,--ll      I  MT,      1  ;         I'  ll      '   ■     ol..  V     ill.      t.lU  .'t 

I,,\<..   ili,.    l.iw  t!'i-t.   tin    iiiipuK.-  .1 

tlir  -pin'.  riii-  paraui.i|ili  iHn.-'r.itcs  what 
1-  nu.int  l.v  the  life  ot  tlie  tle-li,  ill-  lite 
of   tl'..'   spirit,  and   the  eontlict  between 

16.    What   I  mean   i.-p-    dly  l>v  the 
«.,i!'inv  !      '    n-   i_  !  ri-i--.n    :!icrt\  a«  ail 

r  ,.-1     - ;.  ,!i     I         ■  I.      '1.    11.    ViT      l.>  1  tM«  ■ 

Walk  by  the  SPIRIT,  under  its  K'lidinv; 
aii'l  directuiB  lutltieili-e.  .in't  in  1  i.edienre  t" 
-^-n!!  will  !h-  lliat 
your  walk   ihr.  n«h   !>f.'  will  be  a  truly 


.((•!• -.lu,!! .  ti.'t  a  ,  .irn.j/  one,  aMMfcdiy  t"** 
Ml)  you  shall  not  accompli^  the  dmm^ 
of  'he  flesh.     Ih  s  w.i>  one  of  the  iilli 

niiti-  ohuvts  of  the  ninltiplied  or.linan.es 
of  the  |i«i-!i  l.nv  — t..  h  .Id  in  check  the 
de.-ire  of  the  tl.>h.  hnt  the  p«iwrr  .ic 
conipli-h  it  «.ts  l.ickmn  What  'h.' 
strove  uii-iicce-sfiilly  to  to.  cm  h.-  ■!  iie 
by  th.ise  who  w.i's  in  ihr  .«'■  '.■,'  I'  i-  in- 
tcrcsiinK  to  ^<  e  h.iw  pr.  .f.  •■■r..llv  clhi..il  i-- 
the  coni  i-l.'i'.n   ol   tli.    -p  i  t    ih  it   n..\i  r!!s 


In  1   l."r  Ml 


tnis  «!'   .  -  - 

w.i-  co!n<;w.l  raill.T    -  .:  p  u.r  pi..  .^!n 
niirac.il. Ills  ,iiid  ecstatic  itlrct-:  lure  n  !•> 
•he  -.ourec  and  iiispiratmn  of  the  in«>r.il 

l;fi'. 

17.     I  he  pow.  '  -  t  tl'  -li  1-  t.  ir-    .  . 

,,11.1  it  . Mil    'n!>   !  ■    i.\  .    ;  I   till-  -  - 

n.^r  p. ..M  r  ..f  the  .li.iii.'  -poi'      I  he  hle-h 

.^'..int    at.     !i'Te  i.»i>.iu»i! 
ix-  Ills    iorct>  'i.-.if  (.ft;!-  ■  '  the  ma- 

t.!v  witlrn  the  >.•  :!  of  tl-  in  for  th«« 
is  a  conflict  of  4Mif«s.  the  flesh  axainat 
the  apirit,  and  tkt  spirit  again*!  tlw 
flesh  — for  these  f  rces  are  in  .!■  '  op- 
position to  one  anoA«r.  d  ne 
.,ht>ct   •  I   thi-  o|.ii..^.i_  to  prevent 

your  doing  the  thing*  fou  would  i.i 

Koin.         )      It  111!.-'  n..i   '      f  .f.-.       11  '.hat 
altlii.ii-.di  -in  -''  \.!-.  -  !■>    -■   it'     \|.!  --.d 
ill  ;■.  1!.  r.il  ••■1U-.   I'l'l  h.i\'-  .1  .'11 
|.; ;,  i' -i',   ' :  ■  \  .hr.H  ih-  .  ■ '.,  Ul 

tin-    111       iii-t.iu.  . ,    ■  '    th,-    1  .         ,11-    I  -'i-.l 
;.  ;  -    ]>■■'.  I       I  lie>    .il  l'.   .1'    1'    -    '  me   i  -pr 
c  ,,'K.  Ill  .1  -t  ite  .  !  uii-t.tM.-  .  .I'lMiirunii.  -o 
lo  -p.-.ik.  .Ir.iui'   ■':!•■  \\av   i      'h.'   -P"".  m 


I  v  11  1.'      ^nn.  and  tl;  it   v\  i\  l.y 


the  :!i'^h.  with  wha-h  they  .ir.-  lu  int;  rei^lit 
l()   .;;  iwu    ''  .  ir   iiidi  avor^    (  tu     i'      lv..i  !i 
I  itlthuii.  .    pi.irii;.^   the  oilur  11. .Ill  ..'uint; 
'  ;.v  t  il!   f  iir.         Attd   -  •   ill'  re  '  dly. 

liii-  .!. -11,-  t..  niduk'.    'he  ••  t!. -li  ■■  hv  1I..111K 
,m1   i-   iirl.l   m   .-h-.k    "  •.    'h.'   r.  'railiiii^ 
!  ililluence  of  th.-  "-pii  •.'  ,,'  I  ih.-  .l.--ire  t.._ 
I  war.!-  h>  tlii-  .Iryjr  ,1  u«  iiilliu  n.-.'  ..f 

the  'le.-ll     .\s  ifa  tni.iii-  iii  ."./cr  ih.i'  1  and 
not   '  s<'  tli  il  'he  r<-!ilt  '-  that  yo-i  ■!<.  n,,i 
do  the  tlnnv  ■  yn  ^m'hM  "  '  m 
in  this  i  l.ti'  ■<    the      ■        ■!.■>  i"!  ■  'il  ■ 
,.lip..-i'i.  11  ih-li   .i:!.l   S''r'  ' 

th.'  ui-h  I  .  .'■  ,  '  h.-  c  ,rri,.i  .lui  I  :  ' 
'  tle-h  -l:..ul.l  1"  r.--ir  nil.  .|  !.\  <'.:•  -pi'  -' 
I-  in1ellii;il.I.-  1-  .1  .hvine  (.up..-.  .  ih.- 
.it.iection  lliat  th  ■  k.iii\.  t-e   \  .iiUi  imply 


OALATIANS. 


ICii.  V 


tinu-  \>A-'\.  tli.u  t!ii'v  uliii-li  '1"  itiiiiK'^ 
!-!t,ill  III  'I  in'"  '  1'  'ill'  KitiU'l"!!!  •  I  <  !•  ■d. 

r.iit  till-   Unit        !!"■  .>rir-.t  i-  l'>vi-. 
.y.  pi  .n-.  .  ItniKStltTcriuK.  sjcntU-tlcss.  gixnl 


iK    r.'it  if  \c  I-.-  1.  il  "f  t!;>-  Spirit.  >f  an- 
lint  llil<!i  r  the  liw, 

i<»    Now    till'    v\«.rk^    of    tin-    tUMi  arc 
ni;iinft-t.  whirli  arc  111.  .-,-.  A.inlt.  iv.  t-rm-  .  . 

••^'•:'"-,:;::;::;;v:"7;,;n;;::;;:"i:'.-;;,i.  ..,.1  :v  mJu,,.-.  .nn,.ranc.:  a«ai.M  s.... 

..^c.  .-mubu.....  unrh.  Mr.)..  -,.l-,^.....Hun.  no  bu,  ^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^^ 
'"■'r'"i-nv^,.«-  .u.:r,;  ,  ,  .l- .nk- K,H  - -.  .-r.oh.  Hk-  r> -h  u:.l,  M  .  aM,v,„.m  an.! 
,,11  v,„i  |.,  i..i>  ,  .1^  1  li.n.  al-.  I-M  V  II  ni  !   


 „,,.il  ...iuTi.li..ii  ..I  (."'l  i-  .in-«.  r..\  !_.v  ' -tii jir...  !:.- 

.:.  as  1:1.  JJ.  Unni   N.  tS.;  ^..^  sorcery  • 

I  t  ... 

iG.    But  if  it  is  by  the  spirit  that  you 


1    ]^  l.l-l.i'iv 

SI!.....    Ill  A-ll 

.    ..,,111    ..|    ,h\iM..:i     i:ul    l.;.-l'..n  iv:r.. 


are  l-tme  led.  you  are  not  under  the    ,  i.<.l  l  \   n.    i  ^ 
law.    Umn  ^Uc  .P'ri;.  ^vln.l.  u..rk,  tn-n   — — 
„       11.   i,  tl  1  Ill,,    I        '    ""!•"••-••  "' 

ti  ,  hu  ,  u.  :.r.  ;-\  111?^  'I'l'!'  '  " 


•1  ',!i 


,.1    :t;.    \.,:\.  w.lli 
jr.-    fr.i.  It 


.  Nil  rii.il  i"< 
111-.  ..  Awvj. 

v,.  ->-  A;.-.-. 

111.  we 

I',..!!-,    l.iu    ail'l  t!.-li   ni.i\r   m   Ui''  "1'  

,,t    ,  v'.  .r"!   <  u-'i.   ill   i'-  "wn 

1.   I  l'''^'  ■' 

19-21.  Ill  w  I'.  :i''-  '••■mr.iMr.t 
,■  M  il.-^iU'.-  >il   l!i>-  iH'diuis  ..I   lik'  lU-lil\ 


u  ./.-ii  !  '  lU  !i:ii'-i-  >n-,  l':r-l 
;u  I-.--.  aiT.  I'liii.^        ti.'   ni  L.ii- 

.1, 


with  en- 
mities, ni.>ri-  I'.ii  1  ■    ■'  'i"! 
strife  an. I  jealousy,  an^ry  outbursts.  an<l 
intrigues    itlu-c    l"iir    v\..r.i-    ■•i-ciir  in 
.,  ,ir.-  i"'i  r  in      C"r,  xii.  -•>".  divisions. 

jM ,  li.-^illy  parties,  ami  outbreaks 
of  envy.  I  lit  1  Iif  li^t  i-  iln-.il  'ly  sms 
,,i  mil  iipi  r.iiu  c.  drunken  debauches, 
revellings.  and  such  like;  ilil.  r-'  as 

liiis  li-i      it  i-  iiiilv  !\siii-.il.  n>'t  r\'  

Of  these  things  I  tell  in  advance  i 
l,i-f,.ro  t!ii'  .!a>    I'f   i  >l  '     '  '  '    as   I  told 
you    .•ilri.i.!\-  nu  i~  t.' 

I,, I. I'M.  that  those  who  make  a  practice 


.,,1  ,1,..  Miu-i  -il  lit.-   uliu-li  .,ii~«Vr.  ..nc,  iof  such  thinus  as  these  shall  not  inherit 


1!  c 


■  lil,>  rt>  ■'    of  thi 


s|,;!l'. 


1, 


;..!(1   therefore  tbiv 


flesh,  winch  ..|"  c-our-e  li.r  iimm  \\ii.'  \\;ill>- 
l,y  iho  spirit  u'il  lU't  .-k-c  .inil       iv.r  li.i 


!-  Mu-  cat 
viii  h.itli 


are  obvious  —  ■       m-  ..i  .1!  .'H'l 
p.eia-!v        perk.M  .   m  i'mI   ['■■  .v..  k.miaii 
«..rl.r  They  are  these     i  i  -n  i;> 

(.Inidr.l  into      nr  i-r.^npO   1'.  u:tli  K.   \  • 
w<-  oniil  mir,/>  v  1  '  «■""  '  ;' 
cu-u  ,n  '!ir..n.:li  -  r.  -  mm      .  ,  . 
,  ,  lu  \  il"-:- 1 .     l.i'   >iu.:'.:tii-;ir'  ;.  1  ii- iM.jli.  -in- 
i;„,,r|r:'v    i'l':.-    I'll"-'      III  '■'■'i'"- 
K,,in,,M  u..rl.l.  .  \.  11  tnoro  peiiiap-  than  in 
,„u~    ill,  ',    hail   U..I!   this  hali  lul  pn  >  r.n 
n,  ,uv      I  b.  l-">l'i'!''- 
,,,,|,, all  tk  M  i-  .ii.i"'-<'l  t..  -pint  :  tlir 
„,„U.  -.1  i!i..  I'a-h  arr.  a-  thi-  h-t  shous, 
,„it    .onliiu  .1    1..    -intiil       ..'^^v   arK  l.nt 
,1   i.  i„  -ins  ,.f  inipiiri'v   t'lal  tlu   lli-h  CX- 
pre-.e-    i'    U    n'     '  ■ 
•ict.ri-'i>all\  :  fornicaiion.  uncleanness  (a 
inure  .-lem  ra!  \mm.Ii.  wantonness  (shame- 
less niiKeenev.  prohal'lv  here  in  sexnal  re 


,!„■  \\,.rk-  ..t  ill.  l1.  -Il 
jii,.  ,,1  ilie  I'ni't.  l!u- 
.  ■ !  ,T  iiii;  ri  al'lv  h>  []•■  ciill:.'!  ile- 
.1  ,1  M  r  1,"  Ml  -ii  II.,  lal  tirnis  h 
.i  .,„r,.  1  tl;a'  I"  ;:ii  '1  '  -  H' 't  call  litem 
I's    I  ver.  le.it    /'»•'.    Work-  are 

..,-;a;ei!  in  thi-  i  i.'-tl,  lallier  with  the 
t  ,u  (  ii.  I'O  aii't  the  ;l.-!i,  hilt  the  C"\- 
1.  ,  l:\e  Iniir  lu  re  i.-  pv  rliaj.s  mteiiileil  to 
■iiiL;, -t  "the  inner  iinit.\  u!  the  fruit-  of 
ill,,  -piril  in  cuntr:;-'  ihe  \M.rk-  ot"  tlie 
lle-h  whieh  -prniK  ir'<ni  pa--!.'n-  ul  many 
kni'ls"  (Siet'ferti,  But  the  fruit  of  the 
spirit  is  love,  w'-.-i  v' ■.-■<■  m'  the  he.mnmnn 


is  e!iar.icteri-Me   ■  ■!    1 ' 


(of  ver.  14:  I 
("nr.  viii  ni.  joy  uk;.!)  -pniv.;-  frniii  the 
iralestrnetihle  e.  .n-i  1  n.  ■  ■  -t  -alvati-.n. 
peace  n.'t  imu'li  nil!,  ii'.'i  mIi,.iil;U  this 
i,  iiiMih.  .1  1  .-I-  '.\''h  "t!a  i  nil  n,^  i.T  the 
virtue-  here  naii'i  il  are  ir,,-'K  ih.  -e  ''X 
eniplitied    in   a'     r.  U  •••  patience 

it;,.,!;£:"''-,i.vT."i,;', .'".Si:  i..;-  -i.f"  r   vk- ■■.ir."  z 


(11.  V] 


(JALATIANS. 


H  \M-  lu'    111  till-  Spint,  lit  i>  .il  1  \i  ., 

III  till-  Spin'. 

j(.  Lit  us  iiMi  1.,-  ,|.sir..,i,  ..I  v.iinul  rs.  1  IIkhiimn,  :i  .i  1'.m:i  v  tliU.-n  iii  .1 
j.-...Mkiiii{  (itu-  aii'itlur.  t-iivyinn  om-  an-  l-in'.t,  \i-  wliuli  arc  -pirit:i,i..  t. -(  f'-  mi.  Ii  j 
i.ilur.  i 


:         .\ic    ill  '^o  «  !).  • 

i  W  1-.  I 

I  llll'll.l  I  '1  -  l' 
i!..,t         il;.  :1. 

'iiiiiniirH .  i 


slarimn-P"'""   "'      •  '  ' 

And  a>  llic  pine  ..n  l  l"iu: 
ci)ntr.isli-i|  wi'ii        !     .iii'l  '  ■• '  ' 

jti)        meekness,  a  ,   m.h;  -'U  ii  pn  sM.^n. 
ami    temperance,      h  i.  :;'!-!. 
tra^U'il    null    ihi'    -ifi*  'I 

rl.>  ,i|  i';.  ..''  .!  li-t     Aj;amht  such 
I,         :      .     ;    :■  .  :i       '..■<    •       '  ' 

there  is  no  law:  im  i-ati  In;'      i."  .li.iru'' 
.,-,111.-:  Mu!i.  .i!ul  ili(rc'ti>n-  m  a    ■iH  ,  vsi  •' 
,1  '1,  r,  lit       IV,     tr.  in    lli.it    ill    \\i  "  'i    ll^  ' 
\\..ril^  uit.    ;>rii  Im  I'Ti',  tiuti  "I  I'ni'  >pii;'. 
;in-  ■  ii..!   1111.1. r  tin-  laA  "  (\.T.   iS).  Til.- 
i-;i><-   Is  prnvul.  tliiii.  that    Taul's  liturlv 
tl.H  S  n..i    U'a.l    to   iiiilii.'fali'y ;   liu  "  ~pir- 
itital  "  nun  k.rp  llio  l.iw    in  t!i,    il.ip.  -i 
sfiisc  lit  all    (ff.   \<  r.   I »).     '  !      i-   '"i  - 
thiT  pri'\.(i  iriiin  .■iii..ihiT  )."r'  "i   -i  a: 
and  those  who  belong  to  Christ  Jtsusia  lit.  ,.i 
crucified  the  flesh— wl-.n       iii<ir  li.iii- >  p" '^in-.  .n  \i 
tism  thfv  entered  iiU"   i.ll. 'u  sliip  \' 'th  il,.-.-  \.:-.  - 
Him    (  R.ini.    m     (  i  -  with   its   passions  .1  i  .ii  !!  .  i  t..i 
and  desires.    ni.-"l.,iiil  •  l.i-.f.s .  "        !■ -ii  '    i.  Brethren 

ar.l  -IM-   :    ,N  ... 


.1.  ..  .!,.  .1.  U 
■  .    :         i-iiit  " 
.       ■  !'!,■• 
.  •  -ti.  iiu  t    ,|s   .1    \t   iat  !•  .11  ut 

IM  I  .,  -  A  t.  •  inii:, 
.  -■•!,. I-;  111  a  t  h'  !-I:aiI 
-  i    1.    .ililpl.tii  .!   .It  the 


—  t!a-  ■ 

I  -11  ,.!,.,,i;v,  a'  h  ..-t.  1 1'!.-  :\rv:v.  i.t  I  .  t 
;!.(■  ..t   ("mi-!.    lMil>     I  !lalr.;i'iv.    l:\  -T 

.■  ■,  ,i;ly  !:ii!!.cl  II'  (  iiri-t,   iK  iii.  "   ;  Ill-sail  s  !!.,-\ 
h   i-a.i...l    Ills   .!,atii;  .  .-ii.  .'la  1-.  a-  v.,  ii  a^  ..1 
I--,  is  I'Mn-ilii  .1,     a.,       11  !  .  i;  ti-i-  til-. •  i'  .1'  : 
1  \     I  |ia-v    a,-.-i  ;■  .  .1  i  !i;   ■  t.v.i  \,  I  ,  -  Ian...  - 

I  ii.'s    t1,   iiiv    p.,-  --  •-  -  :  .1.  --1^    1  a  -   w.  li.i 
.  ati.i  ||...  I.;-,        V  •  ■-  t-Muf..  r.  .1  ( 

,,.  i.,u   |,  •M-.itipli.  iiilv    '••^ti  I  .■•-11.11  It'  ■■ 
.,,   -i:.  ill 
25,  26.     If.  li  -  a.  l'  .    |i.   il  I-  1!.   .1.  rm 

li.  'l.  .-iial  it  is  by  the  spirit  i"-'->i  ;iii- 
pii.itii-  III 


ill-.-.-  u':..  .-.r,  1 
ilif!  !<■  ;!a  -11 
th,  •   ■      -.  1-^,.- 

i  r  - :     -  a  ,  I       -,l  !  1 .  11 
lia.i    M-     n.  -u. 

.iiul  ill  -irv  s  an-  iK  .n 
r  al  .  l.,..fi.  fr.-iit  > 


I,- i;iliiiiii«  I'l  till-  I'.ll.nMiii;  p.il ..ui .ipii. 


.S.  ,  a;/  aitj  /"..'-.  ■■!>•  ■-        i;-  t\ 

I  \  1  r  <• 1 

Th.-  o.mtr.i-i  I..  ".'  1 .11  '■  .  1-  .1  lite 

spirit  Wis  i-\|,!..-i.l  ill  l  a   1.:  ■  i^riipl) 

W  ilil    'll-;    h       1.  a!li,         a'l.l    li.  -all  .i-a!^  ■■•  V 

I  ;  1".  ila    Iili-  lit  'ill    spr  r-...ii  in  n,.  1  '  -  '\ 

irci.  111. ill.  Iia-i  I  1  1  '1       la  1  ili.,  ■■■        1  .1  - 


1    ;    i..,n  ;  -    -  a;,-  ...a.ill 
-  -  It.   .1  i  ll.  I  )ii-i>i;r,iiiiiiii^ 
11,'!  v  h.i  .1!.-  -p  iini.il  " 

ill   tiiiK    111  wiarii 
11!     I  1    -•  vi.ul 
,    ;  -, ,   .    ,■   .a  i.-ii 

,-\  .1-      ,      1-  l.f 

.  .1  '  an.  .1-  :  a  1  Vi\ 
.:■  at-    ■-  .  -  t    ..t    l  ii- 

1..  .  - ;  if  a  man  be  sa.l 

-.-I  S    !  i).p.  n  aa^  lia- 

il-  I    overtaken  '.v    ! as 

r.il'a  r  liaai  '  a      .     ./  -n 


1 1 


tnia  in 


II-  tliati  ■■  111   -1  till  ■ 
;i  o .I'll  St    I  \  I."*. 
-.    Till-  "  -1  ".i:u  raj' 


-iiir 
i.-,-.l 
in  a 

lira  '1 


:  ,  •  !,\        a  la  r  "  -  ■  in^  t- .  '•••  m 

111-,')  in  some  transgression,  you  who  arc 
spiritual         li.        -.n..!.  ;    ■  .    .  ,  ,.t 

.^.Hi  clans,  s)  that  we  are  livinR.  i  I'      ai  •   1  v       1  set  such  a  one  right. 

It    11    I,   tlh-   '^iiiiln-'-;   pi. war   .a  .!   pr  itaip'.- !  '  •  > 'n'     t.-  1 
,,i  luir  liM-,  by  the  spirit  let  us     aa.rL-jii-;r       ...a-.a-a  i-'a- 
pi-!-sn.,-iw  lii.m  if  In-  liail  lis.  1!  ilu-  anpar- j  111    M   ^  .    1.  '■' 

,     •■_  also  walk  1 .  i   mi    I'.t.ispmt   of  meekness. 

The  i.nt.  r  hfo  tn-i-'  .-  .■'  -ii.-ii'l  l"  till  11111.  r 
faith  iniist  i-\lir,  --  .:  .li  (  vcr.  (.1  111  pr.-u 
(1,  ,•      In    \     '.s,    ti.i    tl.aiia,    par'U.    i-t  t'. 

f,,,aa,a       aal    ,i  i  \  ; -1.  .•;  -    .  f    ula.Il    hi     !i.i>  'l.    f   In-    i-sj";  '1  1!    "I  1 
;,,.,|    ,.,  (>.,  r.  in    clu-.  s  lia       a-  |  !  ■•  ..T  -  .'.  '.r-  '    'ai-  s|.. 

tnm  -a  I'll  tlu-  wnnl-;  let  US  not  —  li'-a  tla-M  pr 
|,,.|a.!-.    f,,r    t-x.uniilc.      !•  '   ii.ar-.i!    tn..  "t  tla-  -larit 

(.alalians.  In  oriliT  to  !•••  ..-"r.-.l  l-y  tlt.m  jto  vah   nai.a    •  :  •  ■'•  - 

ji.    ■■■     1-       -  1  —  become  1'  a  1,  t!.',  ■    v  '  ■  ".vti    IraiMv:    considennv;    th.yseU,  lest 

p'  'i   .,,  t,  St  .  THOU    also    be    tempted      ••  •  ••• 

coveters  of  empty  honor,  t!i.aii  \   chal-  1 'i  r.il.  tin-  ••iic'i  a  t-ii| 
lenging  one  another  10  si'  .',  ai  .1  .   nt.  in   i/.  s  tin-  am"  .1 
tii.n.  .iii.;   .1-  Is  n.-itia  .'  to  tl.- 
envying  one  another.  ; 
the  work-  of  thi  tUsIl  i\;  t 


it-ill 


i    11. ill-  alil.il 
t  ill  II  man  tliiist  i.-nii-iiilirr 
iri  V,  ,  iii-i  o-A  11  tr.iity  i.f  \<r  \  111.111  wiii  In- 

i.flhkcly  to  111-  c- iij  1/1 'ii'r  "f  nthi-rs,  if  he 
I,  mi!  ilu-rc  I 


262 


OALATIAXS. 


[Ch.  VI 


one  in  the  spirit  of  mecknets;  considering 
thyself,  Ifst  thou  also  Ik-  trniptcd. 

2  Bear  ye  «>nc  :iii'>iIiit'-  IninK-ns,  and 
to  fulfil  the  law  of  Clir.st 

\    For  if  a  man  think  liini>flf  to  be 
sniiuiliiiiK,  when  he  is  nothing,  he  decei\ 
«ih  himself. 


4  But  let  e\ery  man  prove  hij  own 
wnrk,  anil  then  >hall  hi-  have  rejoicing  in 

If  akmc,  and  not  in  another. 

5  l  or  every  nun  shall  bear  his  own 

li\ir(!i-ii. 

(I  l  it  him  ill, it  1-  t.niKlit  ill  tlif  \\>>ril 
I cominiiiiioair  unto  him  tliat  Icaclulli  in  all 
I  good  things. 


.  w/Mi</i  >.t  liimM-il,  ami  his  own  liahilily  to 
tfm|)lation. 

2.  Kvirujiire  (/<i«'j.  imp  )  bear  one 
another's  burdcna,  and  in  this  way 
you  shall  be  com'oK'ely  fulfilling 
(<i»oirXi>p«iff«r« ;  Imlh  tlli  a  ?  the  aoi  .  imp. 
{uim,  arc  well  attiMiil )  ht  IjW  of  Christ. 
.•\s  in  V.  '"'<■  ivtoiher  is  I'liipliain:. 
'I'iic  law  111  Cliri-t  is  a  stntal  law  n 
C.-n-iilir^  "lliv  ii<i;.;Illi<'r  as  will  a~  '.liv- 
M  If  (V.  14'  I  In-  liiiriK'iis  \\  Ilk  li  ilic 
.Mu^aii-  l.iw  ai.^i  slill  lli'Ti'.  till-  iM-uiM:>al 
iiiliTiirrlaniiii  "T  llial  law,  imii"~<  1  \^  >  '  <■ 
a  '"Mike  wlmli  iii-nlur  .'ur  l.illicr^  lu'i 
wciv  al.K'  I"  li.ai  '■  I  AiM-  w  M).  i  t.  I  nUo 
.\i.  4())  ar.il  ■■  11  -rviiK.l  V  I"  tin.'  ll"lv 
.Sfinl  .-iiid  In  ii>  III  l.i>  HI'""  ■  ""  .'^''^■■'''■r 
buniiii  "  (  \iis  \\.  .'S.  ,1  i..i--.il:i-  wliull 
tliniws  ;i  \ir\  iiiU  ri -i  ini;  snli-  IikIh  "H 
our  mtm  K  n'nl  llir  <•!  (V/iij-/  lliri'ws 
1.-  i,..t  till-  l.iir.lcii  ol  otri'nionial,  lint 
llu'  liiniK  ii  1.1  lu  limiK  'ho  ollior  man  (ci.  I 
(.'.a-  X.  siicli  a  man  r.^;.  as  is  "iiMr- 
lakiii  liv  a  iransKivssion."  ihiuiKh  <if  c<mr-.c 
tiu'  law'  is  11.  •)  limited  in  it--  application  to 
this.  Whatever  the  other  man's  harden  may 
lie,  sill,  sorrow,  poverty.  U  ouaht  t>.  lie 
borne,  ^hared.  hy  those  who  arc  ■' spirit  lal."' 
and  that  i>  h,.w  the  l.iw  of  tVirwi  is  fiihill.  d. 

This  was  the  law  nf  II i^  life,  wlm  "  i  

our  intirmilies.  and  lure  our  disi.i^- 
(.M.-it.  \iii.  i;).  I  he  /ij:e  of  Clin>!  ,  alter 
'lie  claliorate  pi.l.niic  ai;ain,-l  tiu-  law 
uiiich  has  eliar.i.  i.  ri/i'il  tlie  epi-!ie.^  this 
phrase  C..1IU  S  with  -uperl.  etTed  t..  iin^t. 
too.   Ii.is    111-   l.nv   a>  a^   M"^c-~,   '  n 

il  is  the  law  .'I  Live,  -pini,  ii..t  an 
..I  .Iiiiaiice.  ■'Wlu  n  tli..ii  l.iy.  -t  \ip..ii  me 
l!h'  sense  of  .  .1 'li).;al  ion.  iliii  m'  m.'i'  ''""> 
si'i'ist  my  spirit  tree  "  i(..'..i^i'  .\l  .illies.  .n  I . 

3-5.    (.'..lu.it   iii.i\    K-i.l  .1  man   1..  jiliU;.- 
his  II.  ,L;lil-r   l!.ii-i:l\    1  \<'r,    1  1    an. I  L'  " 
fiisi-  t..  s'lij,,,    Ir-  liMiiili;  siieli  i^iivi-il  :s 

ill. I  s,„v:,  ,  ,,i  ,v, d,\.  r:'  'n.  For  if  a 
man  thinks  he  is  something,  when  — as 
this  \rrv  i-.'ii.-.  11.  it'  n..tliin«  else,  shows- 
he  is  nothing,  it  is  himself  that  he  is 
deceiving.  But  let  each  man  —  nistead  of 
looking  willi  o.mplaeeiicy  or  coiitenipliimis 
l.itv  at  Ins  weak  neishbor  — put  his  own 
work  to  the  test:  (a)  his  own  work. 
achievement,  and  (h)  his  ouii  work,  (a) 


The  important  tiling  11  not  what  a  man 
thinks  ahoiit  hini-,ell  — in  ili.il  he  may  In- 
urievously  deeeived  —  hut  what  he  has 
i/<i«.-.  .\iid  aK.im  (111.  what  /le  has  done, 
llis  liiisiii.  ss  1,  with  him.u-lj.  imt  wiili 
his  iieiKlihor  (except  to  help  liiiii  to  hear 
his  liunUii-l;  eniiip.irisoiis  are  odious. 
And  then,  wlun  he  has  tesled  his  own 
w  rk.  he  will  have  his  ground  for  boast- 
ing in  relation  to  himself  alone,  and  not 
in  relation  to  the  other  weak.r  lu  iulili.ir 
r.iul  (l.i.s  u..t  vir^i.l.ue  ;i  man  his  j,.v  over 
s..me  pi.ee  of  w..rk  ii.ihlv  .l..iu-.  ..nlv  the 

i.  .y  nuisi  not  s|,rinL;  ti^'iii  a  pr..iiil  cnii- 
|.. iris. Ill  wiili  simi 

ii.  iKhl.or.     I  here  - 

1 )  in  that.  For  each  mma  has  « Ui.  ikiU 
hai  l  )  his  own  load      cany.    ITw  bm- 

tl,-ii  t^apoj.  ver.  2)  is  thmight  of  a-s  a 
Krievons  tiling,  weiKliing  a  tnan  down :  tin- 
/..!)(/  c'lopWoif)  is  that  which  is  afipropriafe 
and  peculiar  to  the  individual,  like  a  sol- 
dier's kit.  or  a  ship's  lr.  i'-:ht.  h".\ery  nK'.r. 
who  knows  how  to  te-i  In-  \\..rk  in  • 
lially  (ver.  4)  knows  tlt.it  he  has  iiiuukI' 
to  do  uitii   himself,  aiul  little   re.i-.m  i.i 


wi.iser,  or  lesN  cffcciivp 
s  III)  lirotiit-rlmess  (vi. 


spurn  or 

his  .  I  \\  • 
r. 


i.lt! 


'11-; 


ihtv 


.llis,  his  nei;-.'hli. 11c  h.as 
:.i  ear;  V,  of  u .  ,ikti.  s,  and 
,ind  he  has  lu  ulu  r  time  11.  .r 


taste  lor 
true   tiiati  1 
will  he  hii'i,  :. 
r. .uiparis. Ills,  in 
dieiKc  t"  I'lui- 
i^,  l.e;ii'iii4  t'u- 

III   r  :.  sc  ti.e 
the  lialaiiee  is 
ami   s,  „-i,d  r 


eomii.iris 

1  .-..Use 
,-1,  :ol  h 
•  uili 


.lis. 
.  .us 

,  II 
ri 


le 


!!ut  wl 

i.f  h's  l..a<l,  aMl 
1111..  a  ii..ir.ir  ..f 
L'lii/e  th.ii  his  „|ic- 
t  -  III..--  perfect  when  he 
liunhTis  (it  o'lurs. 
e  versi's,  ni.ta!!'iv  m  J  am! 
t-nely  held  lietweeii  in  .i.ii 
s-<.  nsihility .  licKinniusi  witu 
the  e•lll•^ler.•lIll.n  that  the  Galatians  arc 
l"-,-lhrrit.  and  n.'ist  rcniemhcr  one  anothir. 
th..  >  en. I  hy  thr.iwin«  rii> 'i  •nun  'wck  -iti- 
n  his  iiiiiividiia!  rcspi,  sj^ility.  A  -leen 
kiiowhil^e  of  self  sh.,iild  •  .'Il  us  once 
humility  and  -vmpatliy:  it  .'odd  '  - '.  up 
all  self-deception  and  cone  ii.  a.'.i  si'iid  es 
forth  witii  eager  hearts  ami  a;  s  to  !■  Itit 
tliL'  Rri'at  -.ocial  "law  of  Chri-i 

6.  Mils  V -rsc  gives  a  sp.-.  i.i!  ■  <■  '  o 
tile  law  "I  social  ohiii;ati. 'ii  en  j  .,isi  eil 
iMrlier  ill  t'.  >'  p.arnur  n  '  Let  there  be 
a  communion  between  him  who  is 
taught  the  word,  i..-  the  K"spel.  and  htm 


Cu.  VI] 


OAI.ATIANS. 


7  Rc  not  dfceivcd;  C,(h\  is  not  tnockf<l  |  •)  \tu\  1. 1  i;«  ii  .f  »»ar>-  in  well  «!••- 
fir  what»'H'ver  a  mnn  soweth,  that  shall  |  in«    f.  r  in  dm'  »».is«in  wo  shall  rrap.  if  we 

\h-  aN  <  ro.ip  |  f.nnt  n -t 

S  I'.T  111'  lli.it  -owrtll  h'  lii>.  llf^ll  sIkiM'  10  A-  «<•  Ii.'iv.-  tluT.  t.  opixirtiimtN . 
(if  till-  t't^li  n  .i|i  f  ■rniiiti"n;  but  lii"  th.it   !,  r         <|.i  k'""!  •"' "    i  l>-'  i.i''» 

^..u.tli  I.,  til.  S|iirii  >hall  of  the  Spirit  un;  ■  tliem  who  .irc  of  tho  ho'iochi'ld  of 
reap  liic  iMTlasimg.  f.iitli 


who  tMchci  <it)  in  all  things  that  are  {•;>'<!  u'  .n  !l:r> 
good.    The  English  tran-il.iin'ii  iii  .1//  K'-_  <I  '  i"  ''  't 


I  |■.^     KU  .It 
II.  .t      .11.  I 


things  tcii'U  tr>  v.iev;.-'  iii.ni  .r  :\  iii.itcri.il 
things,  ami  tin-  1  ■  ;i  .  ii. '  ir  i.;.-!!  l.v 

the  tran^lati.'ii  ;   "  1>  1   lii^n  i.mj^lii 
,-|.|iiiiM('ii.  '.lu-  ulii'lr  li.  Mi^;  'li.ti  iiiti  i 

pn  ii'il  an  a.lni.inMiiiii  I.,  'lu-  ( ■  i!..; i.ir.^. 
-\h-\)  a-  I'iiul  v;a\o  t.v  llu>  (  .iKiliii.ii;-  11 
l',,r.  i\.  Ill  I"  .Kal  m'ni'r.iii-l>  in  ni.il.ri.il 
tl;:iiL:»   Willi    I'li-.-ir   sinritiial   ti-.irliir-  I'.ii! 

AOII'u'ltlV     llU.lll^     t.l  It   't      I"  "C'lll 

iniinicalo  "  ;  1..       -.  ..;i  l  :.  <t.!  ii.ir\  (rait^- 
lalii'ii.  til'-  \.T>.'  I-  >.  Muuli.it  alTUiil.     1  iio 
IMiHit  1^  ili.it   ill. re  nni't  In-  a  real  ri.iii 
niitnity  ..f  i  lliii  .il  Milrn"-t  In  twi  in  li  .•iflu  r> 
(ilu-  \\..ril  iiniilif-;  oral,  catcclu-tual.  in- 
striKiiMii '  ami  UtiiKht ;  a:i<l  the  roaMin  f"r 
smshiiK  out  tlic»i-  tw.i  cla-.>fi      il  nl  !! 
that  the  ri-latiiiiis  Ikuvm-ii   I'aul  .lii.l    i  > 
(i-tlati.in    p'.iinU    lia'l    Im  ii    iniixTill.  <1  1>\ 
liio  Jmlai/iT^.     Tlitro   wire  ni.iny  "  ./ 
thins-"    in    which    llic   piiiuK   woiiM  \\" 
iontiiT  share  if  thiv  li-lfni'd  to  the  Miltio- 
tive    arKiini- nt-.    ..i     li>    . 'I'Ih 'M<  n!>.  1>I 
..-■iMr-^  tiie  niunK'i..n  iiuiilinl  !•>  \\.^-  i-..;n 
tiuiii  tran-lati.in   is  qinii    li     nii.!i.-   .i~   a_  |  en  ■■p- i"ii  .iH'i  hi.-  ' 
(U-diicliim  from  tli-'  Kcin-ral  (.rin  U'K.    If  i;\'ii   :ii  v^-rM. 

iiinriiiits  .•!  i  11  ;;nal  111-  l"r  r\.  r.  ll.  .  j.'.  r  1 
...  :..  r    ail'!    I'liinN.    tlu-  ilu-    il        i>.   ''v  • 

Ivi)>  N   u.;i  :        tlu'  t.  ,1.  '   ■■         n-t   m'thin-.-   hii!  ,  

st'lY'T   ill   li-l"  '   "t   niatiM..'      :•!-  •■.      \-jt"  -ii  -«■'■■    -  • 
,1;,  .,  |,         ,1  ,:l..l.-.'    •    i.        I     ;h.  ir    !■'-■         -.  « 

l...olur    -|>ir'-!-d  iK.ii^-.  Ill'  i   '>m'"1  i"'t  In- 1 1'^ "''..1  !■  ' 
uiij;.iiri .  '1-.  Willi  tluir  earn...  I 


I  i 


;!1.  .Ck.-ll  -      I  111  \       .lll,|.i\  . 

I,  f  w-  ;i.  For  whatsoever  a  man 
m;ws.  that  .111.1  i:--'iiiiK  .1  shall  he 
also  reap.  I'.-i.  111  th.  its'  mi-i,  it  i- 
I  I---,  •   ,,•  ,    /  'Iliii         ■.  .  -1  'li.it  I'aiil 

I.     .K  .         ■  i  i  1;     .  .1     th.'     1'.  -!l     .,11.1    tlu'  v.'ll 

I  lii,  For  he  that  is  » swing  to 

his  1  own  I  tlesh,  shall  from  the  flMh 
(■>  wiiu-li  lu-  i>  Miwiiii;.  reap  corruption 
i..r  ll.  sintiti  iw.  while  he  who  is  tow- 
ing to  the  spirit  shall  from  the  spirit 
to  \vlm-!i  lu-  is  -..'Miii;.  reap  life  eternaL 
It  is  iii.'-lhlo  .iinl  U  ;;:lmi.iti-  111  thr 

"^.iuiiii4  to  lh«-  ti<->li  "  a  ni  r  IK.  t.'  .  ir- 
.--•nn-i^i.  11.  aiul  iii.iri-  i;i:i.  i..il\.  l..  llir 
.  .r.h.iiam-.  s  nf  _|i>.i;-!'   i.n\  .   hii'   it  is 

111. .re  ii.itMral  !  ■  im  M''."  '  i'.  -h  "  and 
"  spirit  ■■  !..  tc  in  lh<-  h.  '-'  -  t  'h.  .-.it.il.  .i.:iR- 
of  H  .  n 


-I  (  1 
.11' 


it  i~ 
nun. 


tlun-  I-  .1  r.  ..1 

ll  , ,    !      hi  1  U  I  I  tl 


hi. 

t  ■     !  I  ■  > 


Tlii    Law        tU,    ll,tr:,st   i  vi. 


10  1 


7,  8.  l.iU.-  t!,.  I'.i'-I.  miu-ia:i\  .  1-  V- 
I)  r.iiil  h.-l.K  tli.i!  ill' r.  arc  lir.i  )«■■  v..i-- 
of    llfi.-  — the    way    .,|    tin-    tli-ll         '.  ih-- 

\av  of    l!a-    spiru;   and    in-:    i..  l-.ri  h.- 
.  dds  his  postsi-ript,  in  a  few  clear,  sliaq* 
M-ntencts  lie  sluAVs  li..".    sure  ami  in.\i 
t;:l)le  arc  the  laws  llial  >;ovcrii  the  d.  •■!! 
.  f  men.  according  as  ih.y  cIuh.-.   ti  ,  . 
way  or  the  other.     Tin    nl-  .    -  wurke.! 
out  under  the  ti!.;nrc  oi  sn-l  .it  ,!  har\e-' 
Nleil    will    r.-,;i.  .iiid    what    tl:. ---.^ 

1  here        a    l.i.-l.'uv   !.>   Ii'iK-     "i  i^u-'U 

this,  hm  do  not  deceive  yourselves;  GOD 

is  not  mocked  i  ■o.k-,  a  }.;rai)liie  V  .r.l: 
lit.  "tur;i  up  th..  iiose  at  "J.    Men  nuck 


tT   T    in  \- 
'  a!  'h.- 
li' ll--.  •  li.it 
•h.ii  i!-.- 
-  u.i;-.-.| 
.11  In.- 
r  \- 
.rr.'i.tihl.-. 
.     -M  1 

U-  .--Ml,:-?. 
!!l,i'f     -  It 

,;.  V  ,  u,  /.  -11. 
111. ill  -M.-.v-. 
■■I  I .  Ill  .-on  • 
iv>.\\; 

.!  'he 
tl.e 


II  I 


l.-;r- 


i,    I'i  -  --"oci 
1  !:<•  ■•  •'.  -'1  •■  -o  whi.  h  ti- 
: s  il.--ei  ii.r.l  a-  /ll  v     ■  r 

tra-t    w  itli   ■■  I'll  ! "   w  i 

and  Ii--re  is  in  rli.ii  -  a  --ny  ■.. -• .. -n 
.-.irn::!  ht-   i-  e--.  nil, ill;.  .1  .>.  ,.',". '/  . 
"  -!-ir:!  ■ 
,1,  n-  1 

9.  ('..iifr.'iiii .!  .1-  \\.-  .Ill-  l.\  I'll-  .h.-:iil 
alJern.it:\ .  .  in  doing  what  is  noble,  let 
us  not  be  faint-hearted,  for     .  i 

!~  ;   in   due   season,   a'    lii.-      ,-:.  :!;;:■  1 

'  tne  of  (  i  '  I  -  .■"inim:.  wc  shall  reap, 
if  we  do  not  grow  lax  i.    m  -v.ll  .l.'inj;. 

l-'.iilh    !"■:■•    ,,      '.-    (  \        !    Ill    /l.  f'    '  \- 


'.A  "  I'l.in  tiin-l  hear  .n 

I  r.  '■ 

.1      I  ^    ll         IT,-  h\ 


.111.1    l',.'!.  •;.  ■ 

10     So  then,  m  itli  f.  -ih  ii 

e..ii.  h!-!i>n        ih.  uiiole 
110        ■   -.  .i-iM  .i.'i'i' 
.--ell-e,  i>l  ■■-woriiU..n.-'-. 


111.. 


r'aiiil'- 


r     ( '.-I  l.iinlv 
111    .niy    I  ...i 
No  man  ever 


264 


iJALATlANS. 


[Cm  VI 


I  • 


Vr         Ii.nv   hrui-  a  Kttir  I  liavc  '     \.\    F..r  m-.ll..  r  llu  v  ilu-n.vdM-  "1...  arr 
wr:!.n  iiM'..         wi'h  im;u-  i.v.n  li;iiul.        ,  i-ir.iiim-iM .!        j.  ili.     -"^  ■ 

\s  Mun)        .lolU'  t..  .n.U-       !.,ir  I        vMi  c.,cunui>c.l.  tl...t  tlu-y  iiuy  bI-'O 
.-.Iv  in  the  tl''-l>.  iIkv  nmvir^iin  vii  t..  I.,    in  >>'iir  l!f»h. 
.   o:nii-i-i<l:  "tily  1<->I  ttuy  vliinihl  mUJit 

ivun.'ii  t"r  tiu-  ir.-^  >'t  CliriM.  I   


.,r,  ,,'.,,1  ,.i,Tir-lK   t'lnl  ll''  !ll<'  l!"-!"  1 

!  '.  '„.'.„.   ,  I    ■       ,r   U"-;-    .  ■   .1   .1.  •liuMi..M 

11   !n  llu-  ■^■-1"'  ' 

-ii,-  «..iU  that  -  u.  ^  —  iH  ithcr  u.tk.s.'I 
,  ,  ;  ,  5  I  ati\  •■'ih  r  liiH  ln'li  ''^ 
p.  t-,  ll  !''.f  i\.  '  1  .I'l'i  lii'iK  tii-i-iu-i-  t" 
.  ;  n.  .It  h  .1-1  I'l  "  nil  wiioiii  it  I  ■ 
'  .',„i-:ii  ' uii..  >  "Mt.K  I  ;  an.l  lln'  M-i"ti  an. I 
.  ,    ,  nr  !i"t"'  "I 

vMirlil  tii"'i  I  i  <  "I"  I'  "if'  -ri'i'  til"'  «1'  I-  li> 
,1,1  uilli  "III-  ni'i;iit  wti-i'  "'ir  li-''i.U  liml  t" 
,1,1  111  ihi-.  In  proportion,  tlun,  as  we 
have  opportunity  c'ihi,   i-  a  i.  r 

M>\MtiL'  a-  vwll  a-  ioT  n  >.inic  won! 

a>  111  VI  r   1)1  let  VA  do  that  which  is 

jrood-  -  "I'll  ll  iii.  Ii:'!  -.  '  ''  111'  ^' 
nnu  h  tn.'f  l'  ■n.  i>l"  '  '  '  '    ^'  i-  ' 

to  all  tiu  11  ;  t.'i   till    L  '    "  "1 

llu'  |M  ui'f  1.1   •!..    1  I'll-".  ,ti  I.-  lia-  .1 

.   1,    -    ili  111    tini\i  r~a!  -  -  and 

esp  Ll  uly  to  those  that  are  of  the  house- 
hold of  faith;  i."!     ili""-  \' '""^^  '" 
i.i:ili."  m  an  ,  I'lntiw    -i  n-i'.  !•  i'  '  I"' 
liiM-rN"   all    wliii.   -Iiariii'.^    tin    vvik  M,  r.,i.- 
«)!  luitll.  fiirni.  a-  it  ucti.-.  a  hiii!>ili.'l.l 

.1)1  i.iiyr.f.-t  l\'sls,iit't  (vi,  Il-'Si 


,\t  l^li^  iH.nit,  I'aiil  tak,-«  tlu'  luii  fri'in 
tin-  i-.in 


1  ..'  hi--  aniatiiKii'-i^  l"i"  li"-'  "a-- 

j„   ;',i  i.f  ll  .  aliiii;   lii-  K'tti-rs    (,-f.  ■ 

U..I1I  x\i.  .•->>— anil  ail'U  in  his  own 
lian-l   a   fi'"    \'  '  •  ^>''i^'' 

iiiamiitici-nt    i.n  --    ■■•"1    V'-'Vi-r.  tlu' 

tiai-lmi'^  "1  'I',    ',.'        .  ni-lK'.    I',  rliap--  li.' 
r,  rcail    l''.-    I' ••■  -    1  ■  '  'i '  'I'l''"'^ 
\v..'il-.  an  1  tV..'  "i'"l^   V'  '  "I 

,  ,,l     iMIllr     Sa.-k     il!i"ll     ■  I'll     ■■'^•1  11 
i.\,  rulul'iiinii     fiTi-r.     '  i  -i'lv 

i'.n.i!\  -..'.^r  uliK-ii  niin'i''ti:ili-l>  I'l'  - 
,.,.'..!   ii  .'1  i,"r  .lii\'ii  n   I'-'ni  111-  hiiim; 

!k    .,-t:i',-   tlu-   Kailiii'-r  tliiMn;lit- 
ii;,'  i;.i-iir  111  :x  fi'w  sctiteitct-i  ot  ri'inark- 

11.  ",  • 

II,  Ste,  i  -  with  wlnt  large  let- 
ters I  ani  writins  to  you.    1 U'  i-  m\ 

nil'.;  .ipiLin  nlK  I'lilv  to  tl'.i'  po-t -.Tiiit  (  vv. 
11  i,'<i  III,'  Irttii-  an-  !aru,'.  prnl.aMy 
lu't  lH',-aii->'  the  \vritir<  sitjht  was  iWicc- 
[\\c  (->■(■  I'll  15>  "•■>!■  lH'i-aii>-<'  If  wa>; 
iiiiiu-ciivli'rn '1  to  vvritin.n.  Imt  in  onlrr  t.. 
..ill  -jir.ial  at'i'iition  to  wliat  li.'  bail  t.> 
say.    His  wltolc  soul  kindles  again  as  lit. 


;  ,ki  -  (irii  in  ll  I'l'l  to  jirr-fn!  to  thr  "  tool- 
i  h"  (...latians  f..r  llu-  la-'  tiiiu-  tin-  trnt;i-. 
■  lit  winih  .-o  much  dciicnil*.    hix^^a.  >l'i' 
ti.lary  aun-l,  /  urft,-.   Inun  llu-  pmiu  "t 
\ii'W  of  till-  (;a;.;|iaii>  vsluii  r>  ,:\<- 

tin-  littiT.  till-  wntinu  I''  oM  1  A' ll  I  ' 
untcs  till--   i>>-t-iiilit.   a-   Ik-  .im1  ,  \ 

vMi!.-  a   I'.i-'  i-.;  Kfi'i'tniK  or  |irn,'li,-li; 'ii 
(J  ilu-   1     iri,  I  Cor.  -XM.  .M-J4' 
my  own  hand. 

12.  {  »i;r  ii;'.  n  ■ '  •  ■-<  '1  ''V  l'"'  ""If" 
<|in-Mi<n.  .iii'l  '!■•    t.'  i'  'lirii^i'l 

auaii.  :   all  who  desire  to  make  a  fair 
show  tilt,  ;..'..  1  in  the  flesh,  i  r.  m 
svaril.    I.."li1>     '  l'|.i'~,u    to    -im  iti'.il  I 

••:1I1'J-.  Ultll  i-l"'     1     .  •iTl-lU-,-.  a-^  til,'  coti- 

■i\t  -'ii'u-.  '■  .'1'  iiiu-i-i"n.  Ill'  iiU'iii--  his 
Iml.u.  •.'_:  ■.|.p..i!i  Ml-  These  arc  th,  nn-ii 
shi)  1  "1  TO,  ,  Mipli.iti,  I  compel  you  to  sub- 
mit to  circumcision,  solely  that  they  may 
avoid  persecution  for  pnai-hiiin  the  cross 
of  Christ.  In  this  v,  r^i  and  tlu-  next  rani 
ittnbnti's  lia-i-  niotiM-  to  the  Iml..  it-  in 
-iu-ir  ciri-nnii'i^ii'ii  lin^paKamb  llu  .l".' 
tntU'  i>f  a  (.■nu-itl  ll  M, --lali  ua-  di t,  -t.iliK' 
to  thr  tf.  Iru  II  tor.  i.  -•.;i.  and  t"r 
prrat-liiti'.:  llii^  I'  l  il  wa-  pnr-  '  I  s  li:-  l<  1- 
u  v-i  'inilMtl'll  Ultll  till'  liifir  •  l:M-tiln\. 
I  111-  Kui-I'  (■■;'i;-;ia!is,  lo  whulii  Paul  -'I- 
■I'.hiil'  h.  11-.  -1. 1  lo  ilraw  .'t!  ti,.ir  ':i'  !ii 
-lU'  -  t!  I'l  1 i-iiti.'il  wl.H'li  'la.-  a.-,'  iH'  • 
,,t  till-  .1    iM!:r  I  .1.  |i\   iii-:-t;  «'  on 

till-  iuiT--  ;\  ■  i  i-iii  11!  1.!-'  11.  Ill  I'll-  v-iy. 
while  i.i.iinnally  Chr'  'iaii-.  llu-y  irird  to 
kf,-.  ll.,    l.r.i-r  I'l  I'.H-  J>        »!••■•  »!.'•••""- 

;lu.in-  I-  1  -     I"    l^i'  i'l'>"l-    L'r,'ll^     ol     i  "  v\  " 

arilu-,'  ai;  l  , .  .nipn.".''-, .  anl  lh,  ir  r,  !i^i"n 
M  l  l'  ,-. 'i,.-,  i  111  ll  V,  nil  iiii'.liin;-!  hctti  r  ll  a;.' 
,v,-,..'  '   .    i!  ,.  ;,.';,■    !!ir\  carnl  iri!.>-h 

.,1  , ,  ;t  aii.l  lit'li-  ahonl  tin-  -r.int. 

13.    r,;ii  lu  -iili  -  co«  in'"!.-,-  and  c  'i.ipro- 
ini-i'    !':.';l  cli:it-.i;i -■  tlu  ni  \\  ith  in-iiicn'y 


,in.!  wini'v;  insincerity  —  for  even  the 
chamnions  of  circumcision  themselves  do 
not  keep  the  law  but  —  mid  lu  n-  ih,  tr 
xanitv-  they  desire  to  have  you  circum- 
cised, simply  that  they  may  boast  in  your 
flesh.  It  i-  tn'tliini;  to  tluin  u'utl.r  tin- 
(laiatians  aro  "m  \v  crialiiri's i  .  ■  1-1 
or  ii.it.  i!'.-y  aro  c.'n.-iTiA  d  oi.iy  ■.■.■•;!; 
tt<tii-s.  l-'\,'ry  rialnt  1.111  who  hon  thr  111. irk 
i.(  ,-ircnini-ision  woiiUl  a  fn-li  -'.'.rn-  .>! 
■,:y  to  tluni.  a  ni'W  kiratiiioation  "t  tluir 
ivanitv  t,-t  IV    i;).  an  additional  p  ans  uf 


i'u.  VI  i 


<;,\i. A  ri  \N's. 


•'.•no  ill  ' 


.1  .  iM. 

■  I  !'ri-.t. 

:i!  t  mi,  :' 


'IMlVri'l!!!.- 


-.v.ilk.  ni'iMfiliiii;  •  • 
i:  ,  .iiitl  nitTc>,  .tiul 


prrniitT.itinir  t  i. 
rniifi \!.  ■>'   »'i ' 


r 


••t\  "  'i  1'    ;  -    •!!  .".I    1  \ 

■  T-;  l!u  i  I'A  '  "    M  •■  |!t  t 

t;;rv    i  .H:  ■   .'    ki-  |i  It  —  !'•> 

It    III  I  t     111.    \  <  I  :  tl'.f 


IS-  'Kitiirr  I  in  urriisinn  nor  un- 

ciri umcisK  I^  anything;,  but  miK  a  new 
creature  ■  ■  ,  (•  -'m  i,  .-iMvihiiii;.  ami 
th.:*   IN  1  X,  :  r.,i!l  1:       .,lr.  ,  l\    >  ,.,| 


1.  1  '.i  raii-  I  --1 'flli-tllltli!    -  n  ;1  !t. 


Ii:iv.-  iiiilti.  I,...'.  -..n>-  •-.  I  !■  •   •••    •    |M'  -  j  ,.r  I  •  •!  •  Ml 

„..r,'    ••  ^  M  ,.,   .  ■      'Iv         <■     .  ■■  ■    ■        •  '     •  •, 

:m.|  :■ 

Ni-- 
r  n-'itlii"  -  ■■  ;i    I ' 
I'  1  T  ■'  ■'. 
Ii.i|>-   i''  111  •!;.>• 
III. Ill  <".iii   Ki  ■  ;i 
W'TiN  lit  r.i"!     '  !■'  t' 

i-nli..il  i!ity.    Ai'lM- 1  •  •  ■>    h.r        j.  ■•iiMii.'  t 
soHU'  inn.iii-  iiiM'u  .  ;  !!_\  ;  iii^  .-i  t 

l.iw   HN   'lu  )    ,ir.  .  tli.  y         i:"t   rciIK  .'.i 

illH.'lt    thr  I.l'A,    lint    I'll'v    .ll'iilt    1- .  p.-l!  I.  .11-  \\\:u-\ 

limrc    >'ii!<iiit;    ti.i:iir-  -.    -iii  h    .'is    c:r>  -:;n   i"!  i'lr    ilm  •!• 
r  -Mil.  1%    ii'i  .in«  i.f  uiiu-h  liifV  r:ill        'W  it   I  'l.i-  ■ 

tin      r.ii-',  .  1  •  -      I.  iri-  till-  uiirlii,  anil  "■  i;].  ii  \  '  I  "• !  i    •  •  - 

in  t  ■  1  •  ■  '  "  '.  >  •^•••1.    '!•  •>  • ; 

14,     But.  -  \  ■  -  !r:i\    1   .     •    r  ,  ' 

never  be  it  MINE  to  boast  exteiH  in       ■  ■  ;• 
the  CROSS  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ       li    ;i->  '  !  - 

I'l,    ■'•ill  I-;!    '    '■.         .ir>  iiiiiin  -  i\t      H.  '.-m.!  I'm 


.  Ill  -r.    !   .  Ill 

...   ■.  :    .,    ,  ,|     t         I'  vt 
■•     1  -    I'll-    w  .  11  i  !    .  .| 
I  1<  \  III*   !.l  >.l!v.l!I.HI. 


tli:- 


-t.ill  IIU  lit  I- 


t  V  .-11  sir.ii  i.:.  r 
(•i«i.iii      ,r  <■  nn 
i'    ;.>•  tlii'l.--ii: 


I. 


,|     N   :■:    r,.    ,  •     -       -t   i-   lllf   Ci  lltrr   ■  f  ll  -  I  <  >'  Ut\h  ■•   .il  l- 

liri-.ii-liii.-.^         L'-r.  1  I'..;r--r  'p   .r  1  -  .mv  111. .r.-  tit,,: 

tlrtiii-^h  it  111'  li.i-  t-f'-.l  -,tl;.i't.ii.  I.  •!  ;  lilt-  pr.-.  ii,-f  ,.i  'i- 
■■  ill  li\ .Ti  t!  ..-It  (if  till-  i.r.-i  n:  .\i!  wm  i  1  '  ( t  n.  •  |'t  il,  .-  u'.:ti 
1  i,  4i.  I  1,1,  i,  an  i-Mrr.iiici-  i!  -I'-i;  .1.  t-i  iS.'  -li;i  .  t  \  ' 
1:   i>  prui.  iiini,    T.i  thf  iinliii.irv    l  \\    t'  ■    r-t  itiii;    .ti    .ill;  n. 

li.utniu'    .-I    tlic    o:..--    wa-.    i.<li.>;i»;    tlit    •■.  ,•  11      tl:..t  ir-ili-i-  i.t  tlii-  .I.- 

Iiil.i  ir-.  smiijlit  til  r-oa;u-  tin-  i.i!):"'i  sr  't  «!i:-!i  t-  :\  nr:,'  ih  vK,  .litTrrciit  li mi, 
niiu  ii  it  i!n-w  iiihui  tlu  ni  !n  a  t.r.>!i;ii;.iiiiia   tin-   aiHitii. -1-   of    1  i\\<i  1    ilu-    i  .  ;ik. 


inriltiii'  til  V.  h,  rircniii 
:•  l;   (  t.ir  -  ilvafi'iilV  lirrr 
•'•  T  .1   •'1—-  Ifl.l  a- 

•  -u   li.  w  .!■   •  !>    lit.  ,,...[ 

.         1-,  ,    !     i  .    '  ■.     ;  ■  ,   ,    '    '  '  ■  1- 

1  :  h  -ui    '  I.',  th.' 

t f  ■       \    ••  '.I  1.1-  I  Ill-l'ltl 
■  I  t   «  . '  :!.!  hi-  a  iti  .  ^  ■ '  '.1  ■ 
■.'.       Il"i  !  ■■ 

i  •  .  .  1  -•,  -i;!.  r.  11.  ■  I'l  ' 
:  ■     ■   '    1.1    '       II    :'n  I.  '  ■.ill. 

!.  !-  •:  ■■■■■  .-I'l.-.    1  !»- 

i\  'litt::'  '11. 1  |..r  (ir'.h- 

.1  til.'  jiltl..' 

.1    I   \'|T!I  il    f      ■  ■  > 

•.<;'.:  ,-tl\    1.  ^'■  -1 

••••  •         t  -I    -  ' 
...    111-     I,  '!  . 


in  ta\iir  of  i-iri-','iiu'i -i.  .i  .     I'.'.it  I'.'nl.  -.1  I.ir 
from  li.iii-  .i-hiiiuil  of  tlu-  i-if-N.  or 
rn-iiiii  il,  it!,  r-i  -  111  it  ;  f'l.r  i!  i-  '!ic  tliiiiii 


.!     ilii.li  r    '111'    ol.i    .\|.  rnal    ..rt',.  r  ..t 
lh:!i'.,'s.     Ih'ri-  II       "  il;t-  "uvv  .Ti  .it  1.  .11  "  I  .  .r 
■  :iiri'>   tli.it   I-   rtiii- r.i -tt  .1.    1-   ilii-  milv 
through  which  to  me  the  world  has  been  ti.t  i'j  ..f  nh  iii.i!<-  nlii^i  -'i-  •.  itli.  ui-h  cu 

ami    tvtrn.  t       n'i..'n-    i!>.'l)    crucified,  tnni    M..n  .ii..)  iiiirir."iii:.'.  1  11  :   111  v, 

and  I  to   the  world.    Jow.tt  al.'ly   viy    i-   ■■faith   o;..  -i       t'  r    "-'1  in  I 

th.it    till-    CXI.', --10P    ■  iniplii--;    llio    .-.  .111-  .  l  .'f   \:'    p,  1'  l.].:.-..!  tli.   1-.  in 

Iil.'i'iii--  of  I'll'  -i'<i,ira'it  11.  a,  U'-  tiiivtli"  ' ''^'^i'' '  '  -    '  '     '       '  '         •  " 
sav— "lie   ■     iiotliini;   to  ttn'.   am!    I   am  '    'r     ."     '  = 

pi.t'iim;  -  ,  liiiii.'"     I'   t    1'    '   '.^  .  -  16.    And  on  all  who  walk  by  this  line 

f'lf.l  ill""!!'.'  cnuiriMft;  ..f  t!      •  1-      ■    ' '.  or  nil,'  (for  M'tvi-  ,  •   j  ('..r    \    !.;)      t'  . 


hut   alri.i.iy  taini! 

ar  t!i.'"u!i- 

(  .  1    11  1 

t  ' 

],;■•    tlr.in    ":    ' '  .■ 

.■•  -      ,  .            ■.,  rfr  ] 

r.  ;              be  1 

I'.Sp'.IIIl.  .1     tiV  I'l- 

ri\  -•u"-'ii  : 

•.I"  .Ir 

|l,                        ■      ■  ■  ■'.■  ..f 

aii.l  .  '  ."ii.il.  ■' 

■  <  V.  •■  l!u' 

l.hi.-.--    ■■  / 

pcac  and  mercy  (• 

.1.  even  upon  tlie 

•..'/          .  <u.  K. 

It  i  iliai' 

Israel   of  Go'.  •' 

'  tt'     111  Irul-ii 

I';,,,!:    1>.,.-1    1.  . 

.■:■•!    It.  ■■ 

1  !..-  u.. 

U 

.   'iri-tl.'ill-   I'     '     ''Iv  ! 

■  1  1.  --  .!i.'  .|.'A.-!i 

■■  rca-i     t.)  ti\ 

-    .1    1"  ■^^  t  :• 

1.1        l.lM-f  .1 

;  .  •  .pi. .  Itli*  thi    frii.-'  ' 

.■i|  of  .Mir.ili.itii." 

tcrrifi.    .  ,r  Imrt  " 

(  A.!r!lc\  1, 

aiiil   lli.  rc 

i. 

1  iiaiiu  ly  tli.'-i'  "  v>  ii.i  arv 

Iiri^i'v."  1  iii   ."J ) 

II...-  1'; 

111  '..  u!;'.  i 

i;    l-MU  II! 

Im' 

lulit'ihiT  Jew-  or  (iintil. 

1  he  plira^i  i> 

i ;  t'  i 

(kail  lo  It 

Mil-  tic: 

ih 

i  ,1  I'olii'i'tiM.'  tk'Mgtiaiioti 

of  ilio-.e  who  ure 

17  Friini  lirmi  furtli  hi  im  ni.iii  IrmiMc 
iiic :  f'  r  I  111  .11  III  my  JkmIj-  ihtr  marks  of 
Ihr  l.iinl  Ji"-us 


iK  lirrtlirt-n,  the  utiKv  of  utir  Ixtrd 
Jesus  ChriM  he  with  >-oiir  spirit.  Amrn. 


rrKiir<l<'<l  ili'lu  I'lii.illj  ill  tin-  (it-l  il.in-i'  I'l 
tile  vi  fM-.  rill-  /•>  •(.  .■  'if  <i"<l  (•inn-  .1  liiu 
»-i>tilr:i>l    h'    (111    -inir    wiiuli    ».f  liIiiiiM 

lllr    <  IJll.lll.lll   (  llMH  ll    (V     -111.   ;tMi|    11  (IIIIKN 

a»   tin-  11  -nil   i.i   II. >  iiH  !.  \   i>r  |nl\. 

17.  I  !ir  i  ,lllllliii!>  IT'  ■  iin-  ul  tlir 
|ii.|ai/ir-  li.i-  I'l.ii  f.  li  tiir. 'iiiili' 'nt  i!,.- 
«  ii.  .|.-  I  ,;  I,  .  .iii.i  .  \  ■  n  III  !i  :^  |i,irl  iiic 
\\..ii|..  .i>ii|  .illri  lIic  lin  Ml  .1' II 'II  el  iK.iir 
,mmI    vr.n  1 .    {'.ml'-.    ;ii!!iil    r.  i<  it-    U<  t!u- 

t!..MM'     1!  I  \    !  iM::-til   llllll,   anil  <lr|irL-- 

I  ,,ii  .  .I'n  liv  •  111'.  ■  ii  rcii.  1  Willi  llllll  oil 
il  .ii  I'lii  Henceforth — I'aul's  vrt-al  «U-- 
I.  111  .-  <i|  il'.-  1  ill  tins  n'l-tlf  iii  fi'i'ly 

I"  tin-  ;ulii  ii  "I  ili>'  Uk-iIi-'"-  «'>ii-titiitt- 
a  ^I'tt  of  fri>i->  III  liff  —  let  no  on« 
trouble  me,  I'lit  me  iiinitT  the  iuf»'s-iiy 
of  "  ili  li  iiiliii«  my  ;i|>usi' ilic  (liKtltty  and  llu- 
iliviiic  itiilh  ••!  my  mi'-I'iI  "  (Li|i>m^i. 
For  as  for  me  («■)«» —h-'wivir  my  op 
|iiitn  iii-  tii.iN  ll  llll  tlu  ir  sails  ami  -iicct  i 'I 
III  .ni'i'l'iiL;  ))i  I -1 .  Ill  1011  —  I  bear  the 
marks  of  Jesus  in  my  body,  a-  .1  -l.iv 
il'.i  -.  (Ill  .1  !ii-  iii.i-ii  r  "II'  ■'  -  II'  I 
-.iv,"  •-.i>-  I  lir\ •  t"iii.  "'I  li.K'.'  lull  "I 
.  ..(.•.'  (i.iiiv  1.  IiIm'  "lie  \\!ii>  i-  jiii'iiil  oi  lu- 
ll.,|.!iu-"  I  !u-  111.1!  k-  i7  7i-.«ii.t  iiukIiI  III'  111 
-lu  ll  iii.iiIn-  a-  Ji'  11-  I  'lfL-.  e.  ;.  li'  in 
-.■"iir>;iiiu  ;  I'lil  m"U  pi  ' 'I'.il  ■!>  it  in.  ,111  ■ 
;!i'  111. Ilk.  whi'-li  -•.iiii]i  llllll  a-  lulnnmim 
ill  li  n-.  Si'iiutiiiii  li. Ii.i'l  ilir 
ii.iiiii'  "I  ilii-  v;"'l  «:iii!ii  tlu>  wm -liii>]i' •! 
triil.iil  uiii'it  lliiiii,  .iiiil  tins  was  sii|i|"i-''l 
1.1  .11  I  ;i  -  a  lii.iini.  1 1  ri"il<  i|  11-  (  li.  1  1 ,(  1 
till-  "1  ;m  l\:v|ili.iii  ii  iiiiiU-  111  wliu'li  it  a 
1  iii.M\.i\  l.r.'-  Ii'i'k  •,>!i'.'..'>',  "am!  !;.n!  -.iiTnl 
111. ilk-  1  Jn- ii  irii,  liiU't  I'llt  iil'nii  liiiii, 
lilll-    v;l'.lli:4     Inill-il!     I"    llu'    *iinl.    Il  ."iiI-5 

ii'i'/.i.'.Vii.'  t.i  l.-ii.lt  'r'u:  ' — .1  ii.i--.ii.'i  wliuli 
-I  rill-  ti'  illii-ir.ili  lial>;'i!>  llii-  \ri  -<  "I 
I'aul.  Il  i-  iiiiiic  IT' 'ImMi.'.  li'iuivtT,  tlial 
llu-  nil  nil.'-  1-  111  llir  lU-li.m  "f  ]iil!- 
tiiiK  ii|ic>ii  -1.1. <  -  till'  iiMik  "I  tin  ir  .luiu  r-- 
P.iiil  is  tlif  sCr\;iiU  "I  Jv.-u-;  Jcmi-  1-  his 


i.iik-  " 
J  t  nr.  ^ '   -• ;  .'S, 
oil  -I  .•!  and  l.iii'l. 

1  '  '  I  U '  .1  I  1  I  I \ 
(  In    llic  ki'ir,.!,:- 


l.iiil     l\\.     14.  llu     milk-  wliiili 

I -I. imp  Inm  .1-  ink'nu'iii;  t..  |.  .!!'■  ilin-r 
j  of  till'  .itlliitioii-  wliuli  ln'  li.i-  -nllt  ri'd  lor 
j  III-  -.,k.  II'  !ia-  .ill-'  ,1'ls  .iliiiiUd  t"  Ills 
I  I'l  r-n'iiliiiii-  111  a  Kiiii  ral  plir.i-i.-  t\.  Ml; 
liiil  thi-  ill"  t  draiii.itu-  i-innim  iil.ii>  iipmi 
jl!:i-r    "ill. ilk-"    I-    ill'-    LIli.lt     p.i--.ii:r  ill 

0  1.  it.  !'•-  I"  til- 

■'  (  l|    till'  Ji  W  -   llM-  tlllKs 

1 1 1|  '1  -  -  i  . '    I  iiK'.     I  lir  ii'i- 

1  I-  I"  .ill  11  vMth  t' 111-. 
uMcc  was  1  stoned,  tlirai.-  1  ,v.is  sliip- 
wrrcUi'd,  a  iiiylit  .iiid  a  day  h.iM-  J  Ikvii 
III  the  dcfp."  (till-  who  h.iil  I'lidiircd  sitl- 
f»riiiKh  .■-»>  many  and  so  tirnhli-,  wuhl 
carry  the  m.irks  of  tlu'in  npon  his  Imdy  In 
the  firavc.  (  hi  thi-  liiu-s  ami  ^i  .irs  of  iiuii 
hrni-i  d  IhmIv  xn.is  wnttrti  In-  li.!' Ittv  to  his 
.Masti-r;  and  thi-  was  a  ria-mi  lor  no  man 
iionlilmy  liitn  fiirtluT.  llu-  wi'i'l-  do  iioi 
nil  .111  lli.it  hi'  had  alrrady  -iilU n  d  cnonnh 
.in'l  U.I-  wraty  —  il  1-  in't  in  tli.it  spirit 
tli.it    r.ml    p. li  t-    liiiiii    111-.    .inl.ii;oiii-ts  - - 


1.1'h' 


111'    -1  I  \.illt  of 

IlU'll    I'llcilt  111 


lli.i!,  iiiarki'l  .1-  1 
j'  -11-.  !n-  w  I  It'-  a  (lii;iiit>  V 
1  M  nipt  Inn  tiuiii  tin-  ivniihlr-  uilli  ulin-|i 
lip  \    hail  iiiip"!  I  mil  d  Imii.     (."sn  SutTirt.) 

18.  .\l'''  1  llir  tiiiiinll  of  till'  cpi-ili-.  .mil 
1 -p' li  ill>  llir  iliip  iii'iiiv;  I'l  ilii  piiiiliny 
\ .  1  -'■.   1  111    !'.  'I'  '  !i,  '  i.  .11.    1 1;,  ''i  jli    \  1  r\  i-'irl 

'  .  !     I     I',    i         I  1     I  ■■.    '1    ..■■:■!  'I    1.'  :i:l\ 

The  yrace  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  (if. 
J  Lor.  .Mil.   14 1  be  with  your  spirit  — 

I'l  .11  Ill-ally  :"«il!i  vm."  tlioiiuli  on  hear- 
■\-'^  t'.i  ui'id  "spint."  it  i,  iinpi '--ihli'  to 
;l"r-;il  llii-  part  lli.it  it  lia'-  plaM  d  ill  the 
I  .uvniiii  iu  of  till-  fpi-tli  .  I'aiil  k.i-  li.id  rio- 
i.i-i'.n  to  -ay  111. my  stiTii  tllitiv-  t'l  tin- 
<  i.d.iti.nns.  llr  Ih-^.iII  hy  i-mh  '  - -iii-^-  ln- 
-nrpii-i-  that  tin  \  had  -o  i|iiii-'k'i\  i  !i,iii;;r'l 
1!  III.  !'.  ii.id  -:i"ki!i  lit  tluill  a-  lu-\\  itohi-il 
..!  ;  i.i'li  '  .  i  ;r,  In   ■  mi-  (cf.  v.  IJ.  \  i.  1) 

liy  l'.llllll.^  iliiiii  brethren. 


